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B1 verb 11分钟阅读

inchar

例句
解析 inchar in your Level:
At the A1 level, you should learn 'inchar' as a simple word for when a part of your body gets bigger because of an injury. Think about a time you hit your finger or your foot. You can say 'O meu pé está inchado' (My foot is swollen). It is a very useful word to know if you need to visit a doctor or a pharmacy while traveling. You don't need to worry about the grammar too much; just remember that 'inchado' is the form we use to describe the state. For example, if you see a friend with a big red bump on their arm, you can ask 'Está inchado?'. It's a basic physical description. You might also hear it when people talk about the weather. In very hot countries, people's feet often swell. You can say 'O calor faz inchar'. This is a simple cause-and-effect sentence. Focus on the physical meaning first. Imagine a balloon—but remember, for a balloon, we usually use 'encher'. Use 'inchar' for your body. If you eat too much salt, your face might look 'inchado' in the morning. This is a very common experience and a great way to remember the word. Try to associate the sound 'in-char' with the image of something growing bigger like a sponge in water. It is a regular verb, so it follows the same pattern as 'falar' or 'cantar'. I incho, you incha, he/she incha. But most of the time, you will use the past version: 'inchou' (it swelled).
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At the A2 level, you can start using 'inchar' in more varied sentences. You should understand that it doesn't just apply to people, but also to things. For example, if you leave a wooden window open during a storm, the wood might 'inchar'. You can say 'A janela inchou com a chuva'. This is a very practical use of the word. You should also learn the opposite word: 'desinchar'. If you have a swollen ankle, you want it to 'desinchar'. You might say 'Vou colocar gelo para desinchar'. This shows you understand how to use verbs to describe a process. At this level, you should also be able to use the word in the past tense correctly. 'Ontem meu joelho inchou muito' (Yesterday my knee swelled a lot). You are moving beyond just naming the state ('inchado') to describing the action ('inchou'). You can also use it in the future to give warnings: 'Cuidado, isso vai inchar!' (Careful, that is going to swell!). This is useful for parents or friends. Another common A2 context is cooking. If you put beans in water, they will 'inchar'. You can explain your cooking process: 'Deixei o feijão na água para inchar'. This is a slightly more advanced use because it's not about an injury, but about natural absorption. You are starting to see the word in different contexts, which is key for reaching the next level.
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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable with the figurative uses of 'inchar'. This is where the word becomes more interesting. You might hear it in the news or in discussions about work. For example, 'O governo está a inchar a máquina pública' (The government is bloating the public machine). Here, 'inchar' means making something too big in a way that is not good. It's about inefficiency. You can also use it to describe someone's personality. If someone becomes very arrogant because they won a prize, you can say 'O sucesso fez o ego dele inchar'. This is a common metaphor in many languages, including Portuguese. At B1, you should also be aware of the difference between 'inchar', 'inflamar', and 'dilatar'. 'Inchar' is about volume. 'Inflamar' is about the biological response (redness, heat, pain). 'Dilatar' is about something opening up (like pupils or veins). Knowing when to use each one shows a better grasp of the language. You can also use the word in more complex grammatical structures, such as the subjunctive: 'Espero que o meu pé não inche durante a viagem' (I hope my foot doesn't swell during the trip). Or using it with conditional: 'Se eu caminhasse menos, o meu tornozelo não incharia tanto'. This level is about nuance and using the word to express opinions and hopes, not just facts.
At the B2 level, you should recognize 'inchar' in professional and literary contexts. You might encounter it in a business report discussing an 'orçamento inchado' (a bloated budget). This implies that there is waste or unnecessary spending. You should be able to argue why something is 'inchado' versus 'crescido'. For instance, 'A empresa não cresceu de forma sustentável, ela apenas inchou com contratações desnecessárias'. This level of distinction is crucial for professional fluency. You will also see 'inchar' used in more descriptive literature to create atmosphere. A writer might describe the 'mar inchado' before a storm, giving the reader a sense of impending danger. You should also be familiar with the noun 'inchaço'. Instead of just saying 'está inchado', you can discuss 'o inchaço' as a medical or social phenomenon. 'O inchaço urbano das grandes metrópoles' refers to the rapid, unplanned growth of cities. This is a common topic in sociology or geography. Your vocabulary should now include related technical terms like 'edema' (the medical term for inchaço) and you should know when to use the common word versus the technical one. You are also expected to handle the verb in all tenses, including the 'Pretérito Mais-que-perfeito' or complex passive voices: 'O local já tinha inchado quando o médico chegou'.
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At the C1 level, you use 'inchar' with total precision and can appreciate its stylistic nuances. You might use it in a rhetorical way to criticize a policy or a social trend. For example, you could write an essay about how social media 'incha a percepção de importância individual' (bloats the perception of individual importance). You understand that 'inchar' carries a subtle pejorative tone—it's almost never a good thing when something 'incha'. If a muscle 'incha' after exercise (pumping), some might use it positively, but even then, 'hipertrofia' is the more accurate term. You can also explore the etymology and how it relates to other Latin-based languages, noticing that while 'swell' is the English equivalent, 'inchar' comes from 'inflare', which also gave us 'inflate'. You can use this knowledge to make connections between words. In a C1 conversation, you might use 'inchar' to describe a feeling of being overwhelmed: 'A minha cabeça parece inchar com tanta informação'. This is a more abstract, creative use. You should also be able to distinguish between 'inchar' and 'estufar' in technical descriptions, such as describing how humidity affects different types of building materials. Your use of the word is no longer just about communication; it's about precision, tone, and style. You can use it to add color to your speech and writing.
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At the C2 level, 'inchar' is a tool for mastery. You can use it in high-level academic writing, poetry, or complex legal arguments. You might use it in a critique of economic theory, discussing how certain fiscal policies 'incham artificialmente os ativos financeiros'. You are aware of regional variations—how the word might be used slightly differently in Lisbon versus Luanda or São Paulo. You can use the word in wordplay or puns, understanding the cultural baggage it carries. For example, you might use it in a satirical piece about a politician's 'ego inchado'. You can also use the word's most formal synonyms like 'intumescer' or 'tumescente' to vary your register in a formal speech or a literary critique. At this level, you don't just know the word; you know its history, its social implications, and its every possible application. You can explain the physiological process of 'inchaço' in detail if needed, or use it as a metaphor for the 'inchaço' of the universe in a physics discussion. You are a master of the word's negative prosody—the fact that it usually suggests something is wrong, out of balance, or diseased. This deep understanding allows you to use 'inchar' to convey complex emotions or systemic failures with just a single verb.
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例句

The Portuguese verb inchar primarily translates to "to swell" in English. At its core, it describes a physical process where an object or a body part increases in volume or size, typically due to the accumulation of internal pressure, fluid, or air. While its most common application is in medical or biological contexts—such as describing a reaction to an injury or an allergy—the word carries significant weight in various other domains including construction, culinary arts, and even socio-political commentary.

Biological Context
In medicine, inchar refers to edema or inflammation. When you sprain an ankle or get stung by a bee, the tissue begins to expand. This is the most literal and frequent use of the word.

Beyond the human body, inchar is used to describe materials. For instance, wood is notorious for its tendency to absorb humidity. When a wooden door is exposed to heavy rain, the fibers expand, making the door difficult to close. In this scenario, a native speaker would say that the wood began to inchar. Similarly, in the kitchen, certain grains like beans or chickpeas are said to swell when they soak in water overnight, although the specific term 'demolhar' is used for the act of soaking, the result is that they incham.

Depois de bater a porta no dedo, ele começou a inchar imediatamente.

Metaphorically, the word is used to describe growth that is perceived as excessive, unhealthy, or artificial. In economics or politics, one might hear about the "swelling" of the public machine (inchar a máquina pública), referring to an over-bloated bureaucracy. In psychology, it describes someone with an inflated ego. When someone is full of pride to a fault, we say their ego is inchado. It implies a lack of substance behind the increased size.

Material Expansion
Used when wood, sponge, or fabric increases in volume due to moisture absorption.

A madeira da mesa inchou por causa da umidade excessiva na sala.

Figurative Usage
Applied to budgets, bureaucracy, or pride that has grown beyond reasonable limits.

O sucesso repentino fez o seu ego inchar de forma insuportável.

Se você não colocar gelo, o local vai inchar ainda mais.

O orçamento do projeto inchou devido a gastos imprevistos com materiais.

Using inchar correctly requires understanding whether you are describing a physical reaction or a metaphorical expansion. In everyday conversation, you will most likely use it to describe physical ailments. For instance, when talking to a doctor, you might say: "Meu joelho começou a inchar ontem à noite" (My knee started to swell last night). The verb usually takes the thing that is expanding as the subject.

Physical Ailments
Commonly used with body parts like 'pé' (foot), 'mão' (hand), 'rosto' (face), or 'gengiva' (gum).

Com o calor excessivo, os meus pés costumam inchar bastante ao fim do dia.

When discussing objects, inchar is often linked to cause and effect. You might explain *why* something swelled using 'por causa de' (because of) or 'devido a' (due to). For example: "A porta inchou por causa da chuva" (The door swelled because of the rain). This is a common complaint in older houses in Brazil or Portugal where humidity levels are high.

Cuidado para não molhar o livro, senão as páginas vão inchar e deformar.

In professional or academic settings, the verb takes on a more critical tone. It is used to describe systems that have grown too large to be efficient. You might hear a manager say: "Não podemos inchar a equipe sem necessidade" (We cannot bloat the team unnecessarily). Here, it carries a negative connotation of inefficiency. It suggests that the growth is not organic or productive, but rather a burden.

Economic/Bureaucratic Use
Describes the expansion of costs, personnel, or administrative layers.

A contratação de tantos consultores acabou por inchar a folha de pagamento.

Lastly, consider the passive or resultative state using the adjective 'inchado'. You will hear this more often than the verb itself in casual settings. "Estou com o olho inchado" (I have a swollen eye). This structure (Estar com + [body part] + inchado) is the standard way to report a physical problem.

A bateria do celular inchou e agora o aparelho não liga mais.

O rio inchou rapidamente após a tempestade, ameaçando as casas ribeirinhas.

You will encounter inchar in various real-world scenarios. In a pharmacy (farmácia), it’s a keyword. If you ask for medicine because your legs are heavy, the pharmacist might ask: "As suas pernas costumam inchar durante o dia?" (Do your legs usually swell during the day?). It is also a staple in sports commentary. When a player is substituted after a hard tackle, the commentator might note that the player's ankle began to inchar immediately on the pitch.

At the Doctor's
Used to describe symptoms of infection, trauma, or circulation issues.

O médico explicou que a glândula ia inchar antes de começar a curar.

In the world of home maintenance and DIY, inchar is a warning. If you are buying laminate flooring, the salesperson might warn you that if water seeps into the joints, the boards will inchar and the floor will be ruined. This physical property of materials is a constant topic in construction and carpentry discussions.

Se houver uma infiltração, o teto de gesso pode inchar e acabar por cair.

News reports frequently use the word when discussing government spending or the size of the state. Headlines like "Governo quer evitar inchar ainda mais o orçamento" (Government wants to avoid bloating the budget even further) are common in financial newspapers like 'Valor Econômico' or 'Jornal de Negócios'. Here, the word acts as a critique of fiscal irresponsibility.

In the Kitchen
Describing the expansion of legumes or seeds when hydrated.

Deixe o grão-de-bico de molho para ele inchar antes de cozinhar.

Finally, in literature or descriptive writing, inchar can be used to describe the sea before a storm or sails filling with wind. It evokes a sense of growing tension or potential energy. "As velas incharam com a brisa forte" (The sails swelled with the strong breeze). This usage is more poetic and less common than the medical one, but it illustrates the verb's versatility in describing volume change.

O mar parecia inchar sob o luar, preparando-se para a ressaca.

O orgulho do pai fez o seu peito inchar ao ver o filho se formar.

The most frequent mistake for English speakers is confusing inchar with encher. While both relate to things becoming "fuller," they are not interchangeable. Encher means to fill a container with a substance (filling a glass with water, a room with people, or a balloon with air). Inchar, on the other hand, refers to the material itself expanding. If you say "Vou inchar o copo," a native speaker will be very confused, as it implies the glass itself is going to expand like a sponge.

Inchar vs. Encher
Use 'encher' for containers and 'inchar' for expansion of the object's mass or tissue.

Errado: O balão inchou quando soprei. (Unless the rubber itself got thicker).
Correto: O balão encheu quando soprei.

Another common error involves the misuse of inflamar. While inflammation often leads to swelling, they are distinct stages. You can have something that is 'inchado' (swollen) but not 'inflamado' (inflamed/infected). For example, a foot might swell from a long flight due to circulation, but it isn't inflamed. Confusing these can lead to medical misunderstandings.

O corte não está infectado, mas o tecido em volta começou a inchar.

English speakers also tend to forget the reflexive use or the 'estar com' construction. While in English we say "My arm is swelling," in Portuguese it is more natural to say "O meu braço está a inchar" (Portugal) or "Meu braço está inchando" (Brazil). However, to describe the state, we almost always use "Estou com o braço inchado." Forgetting the 'com' and just saying "Meu braço está inchado" is correct but slightly less idiomatic for personal symptoms.

Metaphorical Overuse
Don't use 'inchar' for positive growth. If a company is growing well, use 'crescer' or 'expandir'. 'Inchar' implies the growth is a problem.

A economia não deve apenas inchar com dívidas, ela precisa crescer com produção.

Finally, watch out for the verb dilatar. This is often used for pupils (eyes) or blood vessels. While 'inchar' is external or general volume, 'dilatar' is specific to the widening of an opening or a tubular structure. You wouldn't say your pupils 'incham' unless they were actually physically damaged and swollen.

As pupilas dilatam no escuro, elas não incham.

O calor fez os canos dilatarem, mas a madeira da parede fez inchar.

Portuguese offers several synonyms for inchar, each with a specific nuance. Inflar is very close but often implies air or gas (like inflating a tire or an ego). Tumescer or intumescer are more formal, medical, or literary versions of the word. You will see these in scientific papers or high-level literature rather than at the grocery store.

Inchar vs. Inflar
'Inchar' is usually organic or accidental (fluid/injury). 'Inflar' is often intentional or mechanical (air/pump).

Precisamos inflar os pneus, mas cuidado para o meu pé não inchar com o esforço.

Another alternative is estufar. This word is specifically used when something bulges outward. It’s common in culinary contexts (like 'peito de frango estufado' - though this means stewed, 'estufar o peito' means to puff out one's chest). It can also describe a wall that is bulging due to water damage. While inchar is the process of getting bigger, estufar emphasizes the outward protrusion.

Inchar vs. Estufar
'Inchar' is general expansion. 'Estufar' is a specific bulge or puffing out.

A parede da cozinha começou a estufar por causa do vazamento interno.

For abstract growth, aumentar (to increase) or expandir (to expand) are the neutral choices. Use inchar only when you want to imply that the growth is excessive or negative. For example, if you say "A cidade inchou," you are implying it grew too fast and lacks infrastructure. If you say "A cidade cresceu," you are simply stating it is larger.

Inchar vs. Crescer
'Crescer' is healthy/neutral growth. 'Inchar' is often pathological or problematic growth.

O fermento faz a massa crescer, mas a umidade faz a porta inchar.

Depois de tomar o remédio, o inchaço começou a desinchar rapidamente.

A inflação faz os preços subirem, o que acaba por inchar o custo de vida.

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按水平分级的例句

1

O meu pé começou a inchar.

My foot started to swell.

Simple past: 'começou' + infinitive 'inchar'.

2

Dói quando começa a inchar.

It hurts when it starts to swell.

Present tense 'começa'.

3

O gelo ajuda a não inchar.

Ice helps to not swell.

Infinitive 'inchar' after a preposition.

4

O seu rosto está a inchar?

Is your face swelling?

Present continuous (PT style): 'está a' + infinitive.

5

A picada vai inchar um pouco.

The bite is going to swell a little.

Future with 'vai'.

6

O dedo inchou muito rápido.

The finger swelled very fast.

Pretérito Perfeito: 'inchou'.

7

Não deixe o braço inchar.

Don't let the arm swell.

Imperative negative.

8

Por que o meu joelho inchou?

Why did my knee swell?

Question with 'Por que'.

1

A porta inchou por causa da chuva.

The door swelled because of the rain.

Cause indicated by 'por causa de'.

2

Se você comer muito sal, vai inchar.

If you eat too much salt, you will swell.

Conditional 'se' + future.

3

O feijão precisa inchar na água.

The beans need to swell in the water.

Verb 'precisar' + infinitive.

4

O médico disse que ia inchar.

The doctor said it was going to swell.

Indirect speech.

5

A madeira inchou e agora não fecha.

The wood swelled and now it doesn't close.

Two actions in the past/present.

6

Tome este remédio para não inchar.

Take this medicine so it doesn't swell.

Finality with 'para'.

7

Os meus pés incham no avião.

My feet swell on the plane.

Habitual present tense.

8

O inchaço inchou ainda mais hoje.

The swelling swelled even more today.

Using noun and verb together.

1

O ego dele começou a inchar com os elogios.

His ego started to swell with the praise.

Metaphorical use.

2

A burocracia faz a empresa inchar sem necessidade.

Bureaucracy makes the company bloat unnecessarily.

Causative 'faz' + infinitive.

3

Duvido que o tornozelo inche tanto assim.

I doubt the ankle will swell that much.

Present Subjunctive 'inche' after 'duvido que'.

4

Se a madeira inchar, teremos que lixar a porta.

If the wood swells, we will have to sand the door.

Future Subjunctive 'inchar' in a conditional clause.

5

O orçamento do estado inchou nos últimos anos.

The state budget bloated in recent years.

Economic context.

6

É normal a gengiva inchar após a cirurgia.

It is normal for the gum to swell after surgery.

Impersonal expression 'É normal'.

7

O rio inchou rapidamente com a tempestade.

The river swelled rapidly with the storm.

Descriptive use for nature.

8

Evite alimentos que façam o corpo inchar.

Avoid foods that make the body swell.

Relative clause with subjunctive.

1

A máquina pública não para de inchar.

The public machine doesn't stop bloating.

Idiomatic expression for bureaucracy.

2

O tecido tendeu a inchar devido à reação alérgica.

The tissue tended to swell due to the allergic reaction.

Formal cause 'devido à'.

3

Eles estão a inchar as estatísticas de vendas.

They are padding the sales statistics.

Figurative use for manipulation.

4

Caso o ferimento inche, procure um hospital.

Should the wound swell, seek a hospital.

Formal conditional with 'Caso'.

5

O inchaço das cidades gera problemas de trânsito.

The swelling of cities generates traffic problems.

Noun form 'inchaço' as a social concept.

6

A bateria inchou e danificou o circuito interno.

The battery swelled and damaged the internal circuit.

Technical context.

7

O orgulho inchou-lhe o peito ao receber a medalha.

Pride swelled his chest upon receiving the medal.

Pronominal use 'inchou-lhe'.

8

Não podemos permitir que a folha salarial inche.

We cannot allow the payroll to bloat.

Subjunctive after 'permitir que'.

1

O discurso populista visa inchar as esperanças do povo.

The populist speech aims to bloat the people's hopes.

Abstract metaphorical use.

2

A patologia faz com que os órgãos internos incham.

The pathology causes the internal organs to swell.

Scientific register.

3

O inchaço artificial da moeda causou a crise.

The artificial bloating of the currency caused the crisis.

Economic terminology.

4

A prosa do autor tende a inchar com adjetivos inúteis.

The author's prose tends to bloat with useless adjectives.

Literary criticism.

5

A resfolegar, o animal via o seu ventre inchar.

Panting, the animal saw its belly swell.

High literary style.

6

É imperativo que não deixemos a dívida inchar.

It is imperative that we don't let the debt bloat.

Subjunctive with 'imperativo'.

7

O fenômeno fez inchar o número de inscritos no canal.

The phenomenon caused the number of channel subscribers to swell.

Describing rapid growth.

8

As velas incharam, impulsionando a nau pelo oceano.

The sails swelled, propelling the ship through the ocean.

Archaic/Poetic register.

1

A macroeconomia contemporânea alerta para o risco de inchar bolhas financeiras.

Contemporary macroeconomics warns of the risk of bloating financial bubbles.

Academic/Financial register.

2

Houve um inchar desmedido das expectativas sociais.

There was an inordinate swelling of social expectations.

Nominalization of the verb.

3

O texto jurídico não deve inchar com termos arcaicos.

The legal text should not bloat with archaic terms.

Legal writing advice.

4

A tese explora como o ego pode inchar até à autodestruição.

The thesis explores how the ego can swell to the point of self-destruction.

Psychological/Academic context.

5

O inchaço demográfico exige novas políticas urbanas.

Demographic swelling requires new urban policies.

Formal sociological term.

6

A madeira, ao inchar, revelou a fragilidade da estrutura.

The wood, upon swelling, revealed the structural fragility.

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