دردناک في 30 ثانية
- Painful, causing physical or emotional suffering.
- Adjective used for injuries, sad events, or deep emotional distress.
- Similar to English 'painful', but can also imply deeper suffering.
- Essential for describing negative experiences in Persian.
- Persian Word
- دردناک (dardnāk)
- English Meaning
- Painful, causing pain
- Part of Speech
- Adjective
- CEFR Level
- A2
Sometimes, the smallest cut can be دردناک.
The Persian word 'دردناک' (dardnāk) is an adjective that translates to 'painful' in English. It's used to describe anything that causes physical or emotional suffering. Think of it as the direct equivalent of the English word 'painful'. You'll encounter this word in various contexts, from describing a physical injury to expressing emotional distress. It's a versatile word that clearly conveys the idea of causing pain.
When something is 'دردناک', it elicits a feeling of discomfort, ache, or anguish. It can apply to a sharp sting, a throbbing ache, or even a deeply upsetting experience. For instance, a stubbed toe is 'دردناک', and so is the loss of a loved one. The intensity of the pain can vary, but the core meaning remains the same: it causes suffering.
The structure of the word itself offers a clue to its meaning. 'درد' (dard) means 'pain', and 'ناک' (nāk) is a suffix that often denotes 'possessing' or 'causing'. So, 'دردناک' literally means 'possessing pain' or 'causing pain'. This makes it a very intuitive word to learn.
You'll hear 'دردناک' used in everyday conversations, in news reports about accidents or illnesses, in literature describing characters' suffering, and even in medical contexts. It's a fundamental word for expressing negative physical or emotional sensations. For example, someone might say 'این زخم خیلی دردناک است' (in zakhm kheyli dardnāk ast) meaning 'This wound is very painful'. Or, in a more emotional context, 'خبر مرگش بسیار دردناک بود' (khabar-e margash besyār dardnāk bud) meaning 'The news of his death was very painful'. Understanding 'دردناک' is key to comprehending expressions of suffering and discomfort in Persian.
Using 'دردناک' (dardnāk) correctly in sentences is straightforward once you understand its meaning. As an adjective, it modifies nouns, describing them as painful. Here are various ways it's employed:
- Describing Physical Pain
- This is the most common use. You'll use it for injuries, illnesses, or sensations that cause physical discomfort.
The surgery was successful, but the recovery period was دردناک.
Translation: The surgery was successful, but the recovery period was painful.
In this sentence, 'دردناک' describes the recovery period, indicating it involved significant physical pain.
- Describing Emotional Pain
- 'دردناک' is also used to describe situations or events that cause emotional suffering or heartache.
Losing his job was a دردناک experience for him.
Translation: Losing his job was a painful experience for him.
Here, 'دردناک' modifies 'experience', conveying the emotional distress caused by job loss.
- Describing Situations or Events
- It can describe events, situations, or even abstract concepts that are associated with pain.
The history of that region is full of دردناک events.
Translation: The history of that region is full of painful events.
In this case, 'دردناک' describes 'events', highlighting their painful nature.
- With Verbs of Being
- Like most adjectives, 'دردناک' can be used with forms of the verb 'to be' (بودن - budan).
This headache is very دردناک.
Translation: This headache is very painful.
'دردناک' here describes the headache, linked by the verb 'is' (است - ast, implied in this short sentence).
- In Comparative and Superlative Forms
- While less common for 'دردناک' than for simpler adjectives, you could theoretically form comparative or superlative structures, though often other phrasing might be preferred.
This is the most دردناک injury I've ever had.
Translation: This is the most painful injury I've ever had.
This sentence uses 'most painful' to indicate the highest degree of pain among injuries.
The word 'دردناک' (dardnāk) is frequently used in everyday Persian, and you'll encounter it in a variety of settings. Its versatility allows it to span both literal and figurative expressions of pain.
- Medical and Health Contexts
- Doctors, nurses, and patients often use 'دردناک' to describe physical sensations. You might hear it when discussing symptoms, post-operative pain, or the severity of an injury.
The doctor asked if the injury was دردناک.
Translation: The doctor asked if the injury was painful.
This is a very common scenario in a clinic or hospital.
- News and Current Events
- When reporting on accidents, natural disasters, or conflicts, journalists frequently use 'دردناک' to convey the suffering involved.
The earthquake caused widespread دردناک consequences.
Translation: The earthquake caused widespread painful consequences.
This highlights the impact of a disaster.
- Literature and Storytelling
- Authors use 'دردناک' to describe the emotional and physical struggles of their characters, adding depth and realism to their narratives.
Her memories of childhood were not always happy, some were quite دردناک.
Translation: Her memories of childhood were not always happy, some were quite painful.
This shows its use in describing emotional experiences.
- Everyday Conversations
- People use 'دردناک' to express their own feelings or to empathize with others experiencing pain, whether physical or emotional.
It's دردناک to see someone suffering.
Translation: It's painful to see someone suffering.
This reflects a common empathetic statement.
While 'دردناک' (dardnāk) is a relatively straightforward word, learners might make a few common errors. Understanding these can help you use it more accurately.
- Confusing with 'درد' (dard) - Pain (Noun)
- One of the most common mistakes is using 'دردناک' when you simply mean 'pain' (the noun). 'درد' is the noun, while 'دردناک' is the adjective describing something as painful.
Incorrect: من یک دردناک دارم. (Man yek dardnāk dāram.)
Literal Translation: I have a painful.
Correct: من یک درد دارم. (Man yek dard dāram.)
Translation: I have a pain.
The incorrect sentence uses the adjective 'دردناک' as if it were a noun. The correct sentence uses the noun 'درد'.
- Overusing 'دردناک' for Mild Discomfort
- While 'دردناک' can describe varying degrees of pain, it often implies a significant level of suffering. For very minor aches or discomforts, other words might be more appropriate, or simply using 'کمی درد' (kami dard - a little pain) might suffice.
Overuse: پایم کمی دردناک است. (Pāyam kami dardnāk ast.)
Literal Translation: My leg is a little painful.
More Natural: پایم کمی درد میکند. (Pāyam kami dard mikonad.)
Translation: My leg hurts a little.
While not strictly grammatically wrong, using 'دردناک' for a minor ache can sound a bit dramatic. 'درد میکند' (dard mikonad - it hurts) is more common for mild, everyday pains.
- Incorrect Placement in Sentences
- As an adjective, 'دردناک' typically follows the noun it modifies or comes after a linking verb. Placing it before the noun without a specific stylistic reason can sound awkward.
Incorrect: یک دردناک حادثه اتفاق افتاد. (Yek dardnāk hādeseh ettefāq oftād.)
Literal Translation: A painful accident happened.
Correct: حادثهی دردناکی اتفاق افتاد. (Hādeseye dardnāki ettefāq oftād.) OR آن حادثه دردناک بود. (Ān hādeseh dardnāk bud.)
Translation: A painful accident happened. OR That accident was painful.
In Persian, adjectives generally follow nouns. The first corrected version adds the indefinite marker '-i' to 'دردناک' and places it after the noun, which is a common structure. The second corrected version uses the linking verb 'بود' (bud - was) and places 'دردناک' after it.
- Using it for abstract concepts without context
- While 'دردناک' can describe emotional pain, it needs a clear subject. Using it vaguely without specifying what is painful can be confusing.
Vague: این موضوع دردناک است. (In mowzu dardnāk ast.)
Literal Translation: This subject is painful.
More Specific: این موضوع بسیار ناراحتکننده است. (In mowzu besyār nāraḥatkonandeh ast.) OR این موضوع باعث درد روحی میشود. (In mowzu bā'es-e dard-e ruḥi mišavad.)
Translation: This subject is very upsetting. OR This subject causes emotional pain.
While 'دردناک' can be used for emotional pain, 'ناراحتکننده' (nāraḥatkonandeh - upsetting) or specifying 'درد روحی' (dard-e ruḥi - emotional pain) often provides more clarity for abstract subjects.
While 'دردناک' (dardnāk) is a direct and common way to say 'painful', Persian offers other words and phrases that can convey similar meanings, sometimes with slightly different nuances or levels of formality. Understanding these alternatives enriches your vocabulary.
- 'درد' (dard) - Pain (Noun)
- This is the root word for 'دردناک'. It means 'pain' itself, not the quality of being painful.
- Example: سردرد دارم. (Sardard dāram.) - I have a headache. (Literally: I have head-pain.)
- Comparison: 'دردناک' describes the headache as painful, e.g., 'این سردرد دردناک است.' (This headache is painful.)
- 'رنجآور' (ranj-āvar) - Anguishing, Painful (often emotional)
- This word is derived from 'رنج' (ranj), meaning suffering or hardship. 'رنجآور' often implies a deeper, more prolonged suffering, especially emotional or psychological pain.
- Example: جدایی از خانواده برای او رنجآور بود. (Jodāyi az khānedān barāye u ranj-āvar bud.) - Separation from family was anguishing for him.
- Comparison: While 'دردناک' can be used for emotional pain, 'رنجآور' specifically emphasizes the element of suffering and hardship.
- 'آزاردهنده' (āzār-dahandeh) - Annoying, Irritating, Painful (can be milder)
- This adjective comes from 'آزار' (āzār), meaning annoyance or harm. It can describe something that causes discomfort, irritation, or a mild form of pain.
- Example: صدای بلند آزاردهنده بود. (Sedāye boland āzār-dahandeh bud.) - The loud noise was annoying/irritating.
- Comparison: 'آزاردهنده' is often used for less severe discomforts compared to 'دردناک'. A mosquito bite might be 'آزاردهنده', while a deep cut is 'دردناک'.
- 'سخت' (sakht) - Difficult, Hard (can imply hardship)
- While not a direct synonym for 'painful', 'سخت' can be used in contexts where hardship leads to suffering, thus implying a form of pain.
- Example: دوران سختی را گذراند. (Dowrān-e sakhti rā gozarānd.) - He went through a difficult period.
- Comparison: 'سخت' describes difficulty or hardship. If that hardship causes suffering, then it can be described as 'دردناک' or 'رنجآور'.
- 'جانکاه' (jānkāh) - Soul-destroying, Extremely painful
- This is a more intense word, literally meaning 'life-reducing' or 'soul-destroying'. It's used for extreme, overwhelming pain, often with a profound emotional impact.
- Example: فقدان فرزند، تجربهای جانکاه است. (Feqdān-e farzand, tajrobe'i jānkāh ast.) - The loss of a child is a soul-destroying experience.
- Comparison: 'جانکاه' is significantly stronger than 'دردناک' and implies a level of suffering that deeply affects one's spirit.
How Formal Is It?
حقيقة ممتعة
The suffix '-ناک' (-nāk) is a productive suffix in Persian, used to form adjectives from nouns or other adjectives, indicating a quality or state. For example, 'ترس' (fear) becomes 'ترسناک' (frightening), and 'خطر' (danger) becomes 'خطرناک' (dangerous).
دليل النطق
- Pronouncing the 'a' sound incorrectly (e.g., too short or too long).
- Not rolling or tapping the 'r' sound.
- Misplacing the stress on the first syllable.
مستوى الصعوبة
This word is common and its meaning is generally clear from context. Learners at the A2 level should be able to understand it when reading texts appropriate for their level. Its direct translation makes it accessible.
Using 'دردناک' correctly in writing requires distinguishing it from the noun 'درد' and understanding its placement as an adjective. It's a useful word for descriptive writing.
Pronunciation is relatively straightforward. The main challenge in speaking is choosing 'دردناک' over simpler alternatives for mild discomfort and avoiding confusion with 'درد'.
This word is frequently used in spoken Persian, especially in contexts involving hardship or injury. Understanding its meaning is crucial for comprehension.
ماذا تتعلّم بعد ذلك
المتطلبات الأساسية
تعلّم لاحقاً
متقدم
قواعد يجب معرفتها
Adjective Placement
In Persian, adjectives usually follow the noun they modify. For example, 'زخم دردناک' (zakhm-e dardnāk) means 'painful wound'. When used with a linking verb like 'است' (ast), it follows the verb: 'زخم دردناک است.' (The wound is painful).
Noun-Adjective Compound Formation
Many adjectives are formed by combining a noun with a suffix like '-ناک' (-nāk). 'درد' (pain) + '-ناک' = 'دردناک' (painful). This is a productive pattern in Persian.
Using 'بود' and 'شد' with Adjectives
To describe past states or changes, use 'بود' (bud - was) or 'شد' (šod - became) after the adjective. 'آن روز دردناک بود.' (That day was painful.) 'وضعیت دردناک شد.' (The situation became painful.)
Using Intensifiers
Adverbs like 'خیلی' (kheyli - very) or 'بسیار' (besyār - very) are used before the adjective to increase its intensity. 'خیلی دردناک' (kheyli dardnāk) means 'very painful'.
Indefinite Marker '-ی'
When referring to 'a painful X' in an indefinite sense, the adjective might take the '-ی' (-i) suffix: 'یک حادثهی دردناک' (yek ḥādese-ye dardnāk) - a painful incident. The noun often takes the 'ـهی' (ye) connector.
أمثلة حسب المستوى
کودک گریه کرد چون پایش دردناک بود.
The child cried because his leg was painful.
'بود' (bud) is the past tense of 'to be'.
این سیب دردناک نیست.
This apple is not painful.
'نیست' (nist) is the negative form of 'is'.
آیا این دردناک است؟
Is this painful?
Interrogative sentence structure.
دست من دردناک شد.
My hand became painful.
'شد' (šod) means 'became'.
آن لحظه خیلی دردناک بود.
That moment was very painful.
'خیلی' (kheyli) means 'very'.
این غذا دردناک است؟
Is this food painful?
Using 'دردناک' to describe a sensation from food (e.g., too spicy).
او گفت دردناک است.
He said it is painful.
Reported speech.
این ضربه دردناک بود.
This hit was painful.
'ضربه' (zarbeh) means 'hit' or 'strike'.
پس از دویدن طولانی، پاهایم بسیار دردناک بودند.
After a long run, my legs were very painful.
'بودند' (budand) is the plural past tense of 'to be'.
او تجربهی تلخ و دردناکی از آن اتفاق داشت.
He had a bitter and painful experience of that event.
'تجربه' (tajrobeh) means 'experience'.
این زخم هنوز هم کمی دردناک است.
This wound is still a little painful.
'هنوز هم' (hanuz ham) means 'still'.
شنیدن خبر مرگ او بسیار دردناک بود.
Hearing the news of his death was very painful.
'شنیدن' (šenidan) means 'hearing'.
کوهنوردی در هوای سرد میتواند دردناک باشد.
Climbing mountains in cold weather can be painful.
'میتواند باشد' (mitavānad bāšad) means 'can be'.
درد دندان عقل اغلب خیلی دردناک است.
Wisdom tooth pain is often very painful.
'دندان عقل' (dandān-e aql) means 'wisdom tooth'.
این نوع درمان ممکن است کمی دردناک باشد.
This type of treatment might be a little painful.
'ممکن است' (momken ast) means 'might be'.
او با چهرهای دردناک به من نگاه کرد.
He looked at me with a painful face.
'چهره' (čehreh) means 'face'.
تصمیمگیری در چنین شرایطی بسیار دردناک است.
Making decisions in such circumstances is very painful.
'تصمیمگیری' (tasmimgiri) means 'decision-making'.
جنگ همیشه پیامدهای دردناکی برای مردم دارد.
War always has painful consequences for people.
'پیامدها' (payāmadhā) means 'consequences'.
هرگز تصور نمیکردم که جدایی تا این حد دردناک باشد.
I never imagined that separation would be this painful.
'تصور نمیکردم' (tasavvor nemikardam) means 'I never imagined'.
این دردناک است که ببینیم چگونه تاریخ تکرار میشود.
It is painful to see how history repeats itself.
'چگونه' (čeguneh) means 'how'.
او خاطراتی از دوران کودکی داشت که بسیار دردناک بودند.
He had memories from childhood that were very painful.
'خاطرات' (khāterāt) means 'memories'.
مواجهه با حقیقت میتواند گاهی اوقات دردناک باشد.
Facing the truth can sometimes be painful.
'مواجهه با حقیقت' (mowājeheh bā ḥaqiqat) means 'facing the truth'.
این نوع درد، دردناک و فلجکننده است.
This type of pain is painful and paralyzing.
'فلجکننده' (falaj-konandeh) means 'paralyzing'.
تجربهی از دست دادن عزیزان، عمیقاً دردناک است.
The experience of losing loved ones is deeply painful.
'عمیقاً' (amīqan) means 'deeply'.
بسیاری از رمانها به توصیف تجربیات انسانی دردناک میپردازند.
Many novels deal with describing painful human experiences.
'میپردازند' (mi-pardāzand) means 'deal with' or 'address'.
فقدان آزادی بیان، واقعیتی دردناک برای بسیاری از جوامع است.
The lack of freedom of speech is a painful reality for many societies.
'فقدان' (feqdān) means 'lack' or 'absence'.
او سعی کرد تا دردناکترین بخش خاطراتش را فراموش کند.
He tried to forget the most painful part of his memories.
Superlative form 'دردناکترین' (dardnāk-tarīn) - most painful.
این وضعیت اقتصادی، پیامدهای دردناکی برای طبقه کارگر دارد.
This economic situation has painful consequences for the working class.
'طبقه کارگر' (tabaqeh-ye kārgar) means 'working class'.
شکست در رسیدن به اهداف، میتواند تجربهای دردناک باشد.
Failure to achieve goals can be a painful experience.
'شکست در رسیدن به اهداف' (šekast dar rasidan beh ahdāf) means 'failure to achieve goals'.
تاریخ پر است از داستانهای دردناک قهرمانان.
History is full of painful stories of heroes.
'پر است از' (por ast az) means 'is full of'.
او در مقابل دوربین، چهرهای دردناک اما مصمم نشان داد.
In front of the camera, he showed a painful yet determined face.
'مصمم' (mosammam) means 'determined'.
فرآیند یادگیری زبان جدید میتواند هم لذتبخش و هم دردناک باشد.
The process of learning a new language can be both enjoyable and painful.
'لذتبخش' (lezzat-baḵš) means 'enjoyable'.
فلسفه اغلب با پرسشهای وجودی دردناکی سروکار دارد.
Philosophy often deals with painful existential questions.
'پرسشهای وجودی' (porseshhāye vojudī) means 'existential questions'.
تغییرات آب و هوایی، چشماندازهای دردناکی را برای آینده ترسیم میکنند.
Climate change paints painful pictures for the future.
'چشماندازها' (češm-andāzhā) means 'landscapes' or 'prospects'.
هنرمند تلاش کرد تا عمق دردناک احساسات انسانی را به تصویر بکشد.
The artist tried to portray the painful depth of human emotions.
'به تصویر بکشد' (beh tasvir bekešad) means 'to portray' or 'to depict'.
مواجهه با حقیقت تلخ گذشته، اغلب یک روند دردناک است.
Confronting the bitter truth of the past is often a painful process.
'روند' (ravand) means 'process'.
شکستهای اخلاقی میتوانند عمیقاً دردناکتر از شکستهای مادی باشند.
Moral failures can be more deeply painful than material failures.
Comparative form 'دردناکتر' (dardnāk-tar) - more painful.
سرکوب سیاسی، تجربهای دردناک و فراموشنشدنی برای ملتهاست.
Political repression is a painful and unforgettable experience for nations.
'سرکوب سیاسی' (sarkub-e siyāsī) means 'political repression'.
او با وجود دردناک بودن شرایط، تسلیم نشد.
Despite the painfulness of the circumstances, he did not give up.
'با وجود' (bā vojud) means 'despite'.
تحلیل انتقادی این اثر، جنبههای دردناک آن را آشکار میکند.
A critical analysis of this work reveals its painful aspects.
'جنبهها' (janbehā) means 'aspects'.
ماهیت دردناک وجود، موضوعی دیرین در فلسفه و ادبیات است.
The painful nature of existence is an age-old theme in philosophy and literature.
'ماهیت' (māhiyyat) means 'nature' or 'essence'.
فرایند بازسازی پس از فاجعه، اغلب با رنجهای دردناک و طولانی همراه است.
The reconstruction process after a disaster is often accompanied by painful and prolonged suffering.
'فرایند' (farāyand) means 'process'.
هنر میتواند راهی برای بیان و التیام زخمهای دردناک روحی باشد.
Art can be a way to express and heal painful spiritual wounds.
'التیام' (eltiyām) means 'healing'.
تفسیرهای مختلف از آن رویداد تاریخی، جنبههای دردناک متفاوتی را برجسته میکنند.
Different interpretations of that historical event highlight different painful aspects.
'رویداد' (ruydād) means 'event'.
دردناکتر از آن، احساس انزوا و بیگانگی بود که او تجربه کرد.
More painful than that was the feeling of isolation and alienation he experienced.
Superlative comparative structure.
سرگذشت نسلی که در جنگ و ستم زیست، مملو از لحظات دردناک است.
The life story of a generation that lived through war and oppression is filled with painful moments.
'سرگذشت' (sargozasht) means 'life story' or 'biography'.
او دریافت که رهایی از بند عادتهای کهنه، مسیری دردناک اما ضروری است.
He realized that breaking free from old habits is a painful but necessary path.
'رهایی از بند' (rahāyi az band) means 'breaking free from'.
پیچیدگیهای اخلاقی موقعیت، آن را به تجربهای عمیقاً دردناک تبدیل کرده بود.
The moral complexities of the situation had turned it into a deeply painful experience.
'پیچیدگیها' (pičidegiha) means 'complexities'.
تلازمات شائعة
العبارات الشائعة
— Very painful. Used to emphasize the intensity of the pain.
این ضربه خیلی دردناک بود. (In zarbeh kheyli dardnāk bud.) - This hit was very painful.
— A little painful. Used to indicate a mild level of pain.
این تزریق کمی دردناک است. (In tazriq kami dardnāk ast.) - This injection is a little painful.
— Truly painful. Expresses sincerity about the pain experienced.
این وضعیت واقعاً دردناک است. (In vaz'iyat vāqe'an dardnāk ast.) - This situation is truly painful.
— A painful experience. A common way to refer to difficult events.
آن سفر تجربهی دردناکی بود. (Ān safar tajrobe-ye dardnāki bud.) - That trip was a painful experience.
— It was painful that... Used to express regret or sadness about a past event.
دردناک بود که او نتوانست بیاید. (Dardnāk bud keh u natavānad biyāyad.) - It was painful that he couldn't come.
— To become painful. Describes the onset or increase of pain.
زخم شروع به دردناک شدن کرد. (Zakhm šoru' beh dardnāk šodan kard.) - The wound began to become painful.
— A painful feeling. Refers to the subjective sensation of pain.
او احساس دردناکی در قفسه سینهاش داشت. (U ehsās-e dardnāki dar qafaseh-ye siné-aš dāsht.) - He had a painful feeling in his chest.
— Painful memories. Refers to past events that cause emotional pain.
او سعی میکرد خاطرات دردناکش را سرکوب کند. (U sa'i mikard khāterāt-e dardnāk-aš rā sarkub konad.) - He tried to suppress his painful memories.
— So painful that... Used to introduce a consequence or reaction to the pain.
درد آنقدر دردناک بود که نتوانست بخوابد. (Dard ān-qadr dardnāk bud keh natavānest bekhābad.) - The pain was so painful that he couldn't sleep.
— Not very painful. Used to downplay the level of pain.
این کبودی نه چندان دردناک است. (In kabudi nah čandān dardnāk ast.) - This bruise is not very painful.
يُخلط عادةً مع
'درد' is the noun 'pain', while 'دردناک' is the adjective 'painful'. You cannot say 'من یک دردناک دارم' (I have a painful); you must say 'من یک درد دارم' (I have a pain).
'دردمند' is an adjective meaning 'suffering' or 'afflicted'. It describes someone who is experiencing pain or hardship, whereas 'دردناک' describes the thing that causes the pain.
'آزاردهنده' means 'annoying' or 'irritating', often implying milder discomfort than 'دردناک', which typically signifies more significant pain.
تعبيرات اصطلاحية
— To break someone's heart, to cause deep emotional pain or sorrow.
دیدن فقر در جامعه دل را به درد میآورد. (Didan-e faqr dar jāme'eh del rā beh dard mi'āvarad.) - Seeing poverty in society breaks the heart.
General, emotional— To be in extreme pain, to be at the brink of suffering.
او از درد شدید جان به لب رسیده بود. (U az dard-e šedid jān beh lab rasideh bud.) - He was at the brink of suffering from severe pain.
Figurative, emphasizes intensity— Pain and suffering. A common pairing to emphasize hardship.
زندگی بدون درد و رنج ممکن نیست. (Zendegi bedun-e dard va ranj momken nist.) - Life without pain and suffering is not possible.
General, emphasizes hardship— Trouble, hassle, difficulty. While not directly 'painful', it implies a negative, troublesome experience.
این ماشین جدید برایم دردسر شده است. (In māšin-e jadid barāyam dardsar šodeh ast.) - This new car has become a trouble for me.
Colloquial— To listen to someone's heartfelt woes, to empathize with their deep sorrow.
دوست خوب کسی است که درد دلت را میشنود. (Dust-e xub kasi ast keh dard-e del-at rā mišnavad.) - A good friend is someone who listens to your heart's pain.
Empathic, emotional— To have one's own problems or pains, often implying that one is preoccupied with personal troubles.
او آنقدر درد خود را دارد که به مشکلات دیگران توجه نمیکند. (U ān-qadr dard-e xod rā dārad keh beh moškelāt-e digarān tavajjoh nemikonad.) - He has so many of his own problems that he doesn't pay attention to others'.
Figurative, personal focus— To cause trouble, to create a problem.
چرا برای خودت دردسر درست میکنی؟ (Cherā barāye xod-at dardsar dorost mikoni?) - Why are you creating trouble for yourself?
Colloquial— From toothache. A common way to express physical pain.
او دیشب از درد دندان خوابش نبرد. (U dišab az dard-e dandan ḵāb-aš nabard.) - He couldn't sleep last night from toothache.
Specific physical pain— To open up about one's feelings, to share one's troubles and sorrows.
آنها شب تا صبح با هم درد و دل کردند. (Ānhā šab tā sobh bā ham dard va del kardand.) - They opened up to each other all night until morning.
Intimate, emotional sharing— Trouble-making, problematic.
این برنامه یک پروژه دردسر ساز است. (In barnameh yek prožeh-ye dardsar sāz ast.) - This plan is a trouble-making project.
Descriptive, negativeسهل الخلط
Both words are related to the concept of pain and share the root 'درد'.
'درد' is a noun meaning 'pain' itself. 'دردناک' is an adjective meaning 'painful', describing something that causes pain. For example, 'سردرد' (sardard) is a headache (noun), while 'سردرد دردناک' (sardard dardnāk) would describe a painful headache.
من درد دارم. (Man dard dāram.) - I have pain. / سر من دردناک است. (Sar-e man dardnāk ast.) - My head is painful.
Both words describe negative experiences that cause suffering.
'دردناک' is a general term for 'painful', applicable to both physical and emotional pain. 'رنجآور' specifically implies 'anguishing' or 'suffering', often used for deeper, more prolonged emotional or psychological pain that involves hardship.
تصادف او دردناک بود. (Tasādom-e u dardnāk bud.) - His accident was painful. / جدایی از خانواده برای او رنجآور بود. (Jodāyi az khānedān barāye u ranj-āvar bud.) - Separation from family was anguishing for him.
Both words describe unpleasant sensations or experiences.
'دردناک' implies a significant level of pain, either physical or emotional. 'آزاردهنده' means 'annoying', 'irritating', or 'bothersome', and usually refers to milder discomforts or nuisances.
صدای بلند آزاردهنده بود. (Sedāye boland āzār-dahandeh bud.) - The loud noise was annoying. / ضربه به زانویم دردناک بود. (Zarbeh beh zānu-yam dardnāk bud.) - The blow to my knee was painful.
Both relate to negative emotional states.
'دردناک' can describe emotional pain, but it's more about the suffering caused. 'غمگین' specifically means 'sad' or 'sorrowful'. Sadness is a component of emotional pain, but 'دردناک' can encompass a broader spectrum of suffering, including anguish and distress.
او غمگین به نظر میرسید. (U ğamgin beh nazar miresid.) - He seemed sad. / تجربهی از دست دادن او دردناک بود. (Tajrobe-ye az dādan-e u dardnāk bud.) - The experience of losing him was painful.
Both words describe extreme negative experiences.
'دردناک' is a general term for 'painful'. 'جانکاه' is a much stronger, more literary term meaning 'soul-destroying' or 'life-reducing', used for overwhelming, devastating pain that profoundly impacts one's spirit.
این یک بیماری دردناک است. (In yek bimāri-ye dardnāk ast.) - This is a painful illness. / فقدان فرزند، تجربهای جانکاه است. (Feqdān-e farzand, tajrobe'i jānkāh ast.) - The loss of a child is a soul-destroying experience.
أنماط الجُمل
Noun + دردناک + است/بود.
این زخم دردناک است. (In zakhm dardnāk ast.) - This wound is painful.
Pronoun + Verb + Adverb + دردناک.
او بسیار دردناک بود. (U besyār dardnāk bud.) - He/She was very painful.
تجربه + ی + دردناک + داشت/بود.
ما تجربه دردناکی داشتیم. (Mā tajrobe-ye dardnāki dāštim.) - We had a painful experience.
دردناک است که + Clause.
دردناک است که او چنین وضعیتی دارد. (Dardnāk ast keh u čonin vaz'iyyati dārad.) - It is painful that he has such a situation.
Noun + ی + دردناک + بود/است.
آن یک دوران دردناک بود. (Ān yek dowrān-e dardnāk bud.) - That was a painful period.
Adverb + ترین + دردناک + Noun.
این دردناکترین بخش داستان بود. (In dardnāk-tarin bakhš-e dāstān bud.) - This was the most painful part of the story.
با وجود + Noun + دردناک + Clause.
با وجود شرایط دردناک، آنها امید خود را از دست ندادند. (Bā vojud-e šarāyeṭ-e dardnāk, ānhā omid-e ḵod rā az dast nadādand.) - Despite the painful circumstances, they did not lose hope.
ماهیت + دردناک + Noun.
ماهیت دردناک وجود انسان. (Māhiyyat-e dardnāk-e vojud-e ensān.) - The painful nature of human existence.
عائلة الكلمة
الأسماء
الصفات
مرتبط
كيفية الاستخدام
High
-
Using 'دردناک' as a noun.
→
Using 'درد' as the noun for pain.
Learners often confuse the adjective 'دردناک' (painful) with the noun 'درد' (pain). For example, saying 'من یک دردناک دارم' is incorrect. The correct sentence is 'من یک درد دارم' (I have pain).
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Overusing 'دردناک' for mild discomfort.
→
Using simpler terms or phrases for minor aches.
'دردناک' often implies a significant level of pain. For a slight ache, saying 'پایم کمی درد میکند' (My leg hurts a little) is more natural than 'پایم کمی دردناک است'.
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Incorrect adjective placement.
→
Placing 'دردناک' after the noun or linking verb.
Persian adjectives typically follow the noun. So, 'a painful wound' is 'زخم دردناک', not 'دردناک زخم'. When used with 'است' (is) or 'بود' (was), it follows: 'زخم دردناک است.'
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Confusing 'دردناک' with 'دردمند'.
→
Using 'دردناک' to describe the cause of pain and 'دردمند' to describe the person experiencing it.
'دردناک' describes something as painful (e.g., 'یک ضربه دردناک' - a painful blow). 'دردمند' describes someone who is suffering or afflicted (e.g., 'او دردمند بود' - he was suffering).
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Using 'دردناک' for general unpleasantness.
→
Using more specific terms like 'ناراحتکننده' (upsetting) for mild unpleasantness.
While 'دردناک' can describe emotional pain, it's stronger than simply 'unpleasant'. For minor annoyances, words like 'ناراحتکننده' (unpleasant/upsetting) or 'آزاردهنده' (annoying) are often more suitable.
نصائح
Mastering the 'R' Sound
The Persian 'ر' (r) is often rolled or tapped, similar to the Spanish 'r'. Practice this sound when saying 'دردناک' (dardnāk) to sound more natural. Listen to native speakers and try to imitate their pronunciation.
Distinguish Noun vs. Adjective
Always remember that 'درد' (dard) is the noun 'pain', while 'دردناک' (dardnāk) is the adjective 'painful'. Using them interchangeably is a common mistake. Think of 'درد' as the feeling and 'دردناک' as the description of something that causes that feeling.
Adjective Placement
In Persian, adjectives usually follow the noun. So, 'painful wound' is 'زخم دردناک' (zakhm-e dardnāk). If you use a linking verb like 'است' (ast - is), the adjective follows it: 'زخم دردناک است.' (The wound is painful).
Word Association
Connect 'دردناک' to the English word 'dark'. Imagine a 'dark' and painful memory or experience. This association can help you recall that 'dardnāk' means 'painful'.
Sentence Building
Create your own sentences using 'دردناک'. Describe a physical injury, a sad event, or a difficult situation. This active practice will solidify your understanding and usage.
Tune into Media
Watch Iranian movies, TV shows, or listen to Persian podcasts. Pay attention to how 'دردناک' is used in context, especially in dialogues about difficult experiences or health issues.
Poetic Usage
Persian literature and poetry often use 'دردناک' to convey deep emotional suffering. Understanding this context can help you appreciate the word's richness and its role in cultural expression.
Synonym Nuances
Learn the subtle differences between 'دردناک', 'رنجآور', and 'آزاردهنده'. Understanding these nuances will allow you to choose the most precise word for the situation.
Describe Your Feelings
When asked about a difficult experience, use 'دردناک' to accurately convey the level of pain or suffering you felt, whether physical or emotional.
احفظها
وسيلة تذكّر
Imagine a 'dark' (sound-alike to 'dard') night where you have a terrible pain. The night is 'dark' and the feeling is 'painful'. So, 'dark' night leads to 'dardnāk' (painful).
ربط بصري
Picture a throbbing red nerve or a sharp thorn piercing something soft, symbolizing intense pain. Associate the visual with the Persian word 'دردناک'.
Word Web
تحدٍّ
Try to describe three different situations in your life where you felt 'دردناک' pain, one physical and two emotional. Use the word explicitly in your descriptions.
أصل الكلمة
The word 'دردناک' is a compound word formed from Persian roots. It combines 'درد' (dard), meaning 'pain', with the suffix '-ناک' (-nāk).
المعنى الأصلي: Literally means 'possessing pain' or 'causing pain'.
Indo-Iranian, specifically Persian.السياق الثقافي
The word 'دردناک' is a strong term. While it's used for both physical and emotional pain, it's best to use it when the pain is significant. For very mild discomfort, milder terms might be more appropriate, as discussed in the 'Common Mistakes' section.
In English-speaking cultures, 'painful' is also a very common adjective used for both physical and emotional suffering. The nuances are similar, though perhaps Persian expressions can sometimes carry a more poetic or dramatic weight.
تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية
سياقات واقعية
Medical and Health
- زخم دردناک
- دردناک بودن
- خیلی دردناک
- دردناک است
Emotional Experiences
- تجربه دردناک
- خاطرات دردناک
- بسیار دردناک
- دردناک بود که...
News and Current Events
- حادثه دردناک
- پیامدهای دردناک
- وضعیت دردناک
- واقعیت دردناک
Literature and Storytelling
- داستان دردناک
- شخصیت دردناک
- لحظه دردناک
- توصیف دردناک
General Description of Hardship
- دوران دردناک
- شرایط دردناک
- زندگی دردناک
- نه چندان دردناک
بدايات محادثة
"What was the most painful experience you've ever had, and how did you cope with it?"
"Can you describe a time when you witnessed something truly painful, either physically or emotionally?"
"In your opinion, what makes an experience 'دردناک' (painful) rather than just unpleasant?"
"How do you think art or literature can help us understand or process 'دردناک' (painful) events?"
"If you could erase one 'دردناک' (painful) memory from your life, which one would it be and why?"
مواضيع للكتابة اليومية
Describe a physical injury you sustained and how it felt. Use the word 'دردناک' to express the intensity of the pain.
Reflect on a time you experienced emotional pain. What happened, and how did it make you feel? Use 'دردناک' to describe the depth of your sorrow.
Think about a historical event or a news story that you found particularly 'دردناک'. Explain why it affected you so deeply.
Consider a situation where you had to make a difficult decision that resulted in some form of pain for yourself or others. Describe the 'دردناک' aspects of that decision-making process.
Write a short story or a poem incorporating the word 'دردناک' to describe a character's struggle or suffering.
الأسئلة الشائعة
10 أسئلة'درد' (dard) is a noun that means 'pain' itself. It is the sensation or condition of suffering. 'دردناک' (dardnāk) is an adjective that means 'painful'. It describes something that causes pain or is characterized by pain. For example, 'من درد دارم' means 'I have pain', while 'این زخم دردناک است' means 'This wound is painful'.
Yes, absolutely. 'دردناک' is commonly used to describe emotional suffering, heartache, or distressing experiences. For instance, 'خبر مرگ او بسیار دردناک بود' means 'The news of his death was very painful', referring to emotional pain.
The pronunciation is approximately 'dard-NAK'. The stress is on the second syllable. The 'a' sound is like the 'a' in 'father', and the 'r' is often rolled or tapped. Listen to audio recordings for accurate pronunciation.
Yes, there are several. 'رنجآور' (ranj-āvar) emphasizes suffering and hardship, often emotional. 'آزاردهنده' (āzār-dahandeh) means annoying or mildly uncomfortable. 'جانکاه' (jānkāh) is a very strong term for 'soul-destroying' pain. 'دردناک' is the most common and direct equivalent of 'painful'.
Use 'دردناک' when the pain is significant, whether physical or emotional. Use 'آزاردهنده' for milder discomforts, annoyances, or irritations. For example, a stubbed toe might be 'دردناک', while a mosquito bite might be 'آزاردهنده'.
Typically, adjectives like 'دردناک' follow the noun they modify in Persian, or they follow a linking verb. Placing it before the noun is less common and might sound awkward unless specific grammatical constructions are used (like adding the indefinite marker '-ی' and using a connector, e.g., 'یک حادثهی دردناک').
'دردناک' is a versatile word used in both formal and neutral contexts. While it can be used informally, for very mild discomforts, simpler words might be preferred in casual conversation to avoid sounding overly dramatic.
The suffix '-ناک' (-nāk) is a common Persian suffix used to form adjectives. It generally means 'full of', 'characterized by', or 'causing'. For example, 'ترس' (fear) + '-ناک' = 'ترسناک' (frightening).
You can say 'دردناک بود' (dardnāk bud). If you want to be more specific, you can say what was painful: 'آن حادثه دردناک بود' (Ān ḥādeseh dardnāk bud) - That accident was painful.
Opposites include 'لذتبخش' (lezzat-baḵš - enjoyable), 'خوشایند' (ḵošāyand - pleasant), and 'شادیآور' (šādi-āvar - joyful).
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Summary
The Persian adjective 'دردناک' (dardnāk) directly translates to 'painful' and is used to describe anything that causes physical or emotional suffering, from a minor injury to a profound loss.
- Painful, causing physical or emotional suffering.
- Adjective used for injuries, sad events, or deep emotional distress.
- Similar to English 'painful', but can also imply deeper suffering.
- Essential for describing negative experiences in Persian.
Mastering the 'R' Sound
The Persian 'ر' (r) is often rolled or tapped, similar to the Spanish 'r'. Practice this sound when saying 'دردناک' (dardnāk) to sound more natural. Listen to native speakers and try to imitate their pronunciation.
Distinguish Noun vs. Adjective
Always remember that 'درد' (dard) is the noun 'pain', while 'دردناک' (dardnāk) is the adjective 'painful'. Using them interchangeably is a common mistake. Think of 'درد' as the feeling and 'دردناک' as the description of something that causes that feeling.
Context is Key
While 'دردناک' can be used for both physical and emotional pain, consider the intensity. For mild discomforts, simpler terms like 'کمی درد' (a little pain) or 'ناراحتکننده' (upsetting) might be more appropriate. 'دردناک' often implies a more significant level of suffering.
Adjective Placement
In Persian, adjectives usually follow the noun. So, 'painful wound' is 'زخم دردناک' (zakhm-e dardnāk). If you use a linking verb like 'است' (ast - is), the adjective follows it: 'زخم دردناک است.' (The wound is painful).
محتوى ذو صلة
مزيد من كلمات health
عارضه
B1عارضة أو مضاعفات طبية.
اعصاب
B1ألياف أو حزم من الألياف تنقل انطباعات الحس والحركة. (الأعصاب ضرورية لجسمك ليشعر ويتحرك.)
عضلات
A2الأنسجة في الجسم التي يمكن أن تنقبض لإنتاج الحركة. العضلات ضرورية للقوة البدنية.
عضله
A2عضلة: النسيج في الجسم الذي يسمح بالحركة. عضلة القلب حيوية. يجب الانتباه للعضلات أثناء التمارين الشديدة.
عفونت
A2غزو أنسجة جسم الكائن الحي بواسطة مسببات الأمراض. 'لديه عدوى في الرئة.'
علائم
A2أعراض المرض واضحة جداً. (The symptoms of the disease are very clear.)
عمل
A1عملية جراحية. 'أجرى الطبيب العملية' تترجم إلى 'دکتر عمل را انجام داد'.
عمل جراحی
A2عملية جراحية. الطبيب أجرى العملية الجراحية بنجاح.
عموماً
B1عموماً؛ في الغالب.
عمیقاً
B1أنا متأثر عميقاً (amighan) بهذا الخبر. (I am deeply moved by this news.)
