飾る
飾る في 30 ثانية
- Kazaru means to decorate or adorn a physical space with objects like flowers or ornaments to enhance its beauty.
- It is frequently used metaphorically to mean finishing an event or career on a high note, often with a victory.
- In social contexts, it can mean 'dressing up' one's appearance or words, sometimes implying a lack of sincerity.
- Grammatically, it is a transitive verb (takes 'o') and is often used in the state-of-being form 'kazararete iru'.
The Japanese verb 飾る (kazaru) is a multifaceted term that primarily translates to 'to decorate' or 'to adorn.' However, its usage extends far beyond merely hanging ornaments on a wall. It encompasses the act of arranging, displaying, or embellishing something to enhance its visual appeal, status, or emotional impact. In the Japanese mindset, 飾る is often linked to the concept of shitsurae (arrangement), where the focus is on creating a specific atmosphere or honoring a particular moment in time.
- Physical Adornment
- This is the most common usage. It refers to placing items like flowers, paintings, or festive decorations in a space. For example, during the New Year, Japanese households 'decorate' their entrances with kadomatsu (pine decorations).
- Abstract Achievement
- Metaphorically, it is used to describe the successful conclusion of an event or career. To 'decorate the finale' (saigo o kazaru) means to finish something on a high note, often with a significant victory or achievement.
- Social Presentation
- It can also refer to 'dressing up' one's words or appearance to impress others. This can sometimes carry a slightly negative nuance, suggesting that the outward appearance is better than the inner reality.
「部屋にきれいな花を飾ることで、気分が明るくなります。」(By decorating the room with beautiful flowers, one's mood becomes brighter.)
Historically, the kanji 飾 consists of the 'food' radical (shoku-hen) on the left and a phonetic component on the right that originally meant 'to wipe' or 'to polish.' This suggests that the original meaning was to polish something until it shines, which evolved into the broader sense of making something look beautiful or impressive. When you use this verb, you are implying an intentional act of presentation. It is not an accidental beauty, but a curated one.
「彼は現役最後の試合を勝利で飾った。」(He decorated his final match of his career with a victory.)
- Grammar Note
- 飾る is a transitive verb (tadoshi), meaning it always takes a direct object marked by the particle 'o' (を). You decorate *something*.
Furthermore, the word is used in the context of publishing. When a famous person appears on the cover of a magazine, the Japanese say they 'decorate the cover' (hyōshi o kazaru). This highlights the prestige associated with the act. It suggests that the person's presence adds value and beauty to the magazine itself. In daily life, you might hear this word when someone is talking about their hobbies, such as 'decorating' a cake or 'decorating' a notebook with stickers.
「クリスマスツリーを家族みんなで飾りました。」(We all decorated the Christmas tree as a family.)
Using 飾る (kazaru) correctly requires understanding its role as a Godan verb. It follows the standard conjugation for verbs ending in '-ru' (but not '-iru' or '-eru' in the Ichidan sense). For example: kazarimasu (polite), kazaranai (negative), kazatta (past). Because it is a transitive verb, the structure is usually [Subject] ga [Object] o [Method/Tool] de kazaru.
- Physical Objects: 部屋を花で飾る (Decorate a room with flowers). Here, 'room' is the object and 'flowers' are the means.
- Abstract Ends: 有終の美を飾る (To bring something to a successful/graceful close). This is a very common set phrase in sports and business.
- Appearance: 自分を飾る (To dress oneself up / To put on airs). This can refer to literal clothing or metaphorical behavior.
In professional settings, 飾る is used when discussing store displays (vMD - Visual Merchandising). A shop window is 'decorated' to attract customers. In this context, the word implies a strategic arrangement. In literary contexts, an author might 'decorate' their prose with metaphors. This usage suggests that the core meaning is being enhanced by additional, beautiful elements.
Common Conjugations:
| Form | Japanese | Romaji |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 飾る | kazaru |
| Polite | 飾ります | kazarimasu |
| Te-form | 飾って | kazatte |
| Potential | 飾れる | kazareru |
When you want to say something is 'decorated' (passive state), you use the passive form 飾られている (kazararete iru). For example, 'The wall is decorated with pictures' would be Kabe ni e ga kazararete iru. Note the change in particle from 'o' to 'ga' because the focus shifts to the state of the object.
You will encounter 飾る in various everyday and specialized environments. Its versatility makes it a staple in Japanese conversation and media. Here are the primary contexts where you will hear it:
1. Home and Interior Design
When visiting a Japanese home, the host might say, 'I decorated this room for you' (Anata no tame ni kono heya o kazarimashita). On TV programs about home renovation or interior styling, experts frequently use 飾る to explain how to use small items to change the 'vibe' of a space. You'll hear phrases like 'pointo ni kazaru' (to decorate as a focal point).
2. Festivals and Holidays
Japan is a land of seasonal festivals (matsuri). Whether it's the dolls for Hinamatsuri (Girl's Day), the carp streamers for Kodomo no Hi (Children's Day), or the bamboo for Tanabata, the verb used to describe setting up these displays is always 飾る. News reports during these times will inevitably use this word.
3. Sports and Career Milestones
In sports commentary, 飾る is used to describe a glorious finish. If a player scores a goal in their retirement match, the commentator will shout, 'Saigo o gooru de kazarimashita!' (They decorated their end with a goal!). This usage conveys a sense of respect and honor for the person's achievements.
4. Fashion and Magazines
In the world of fashion, models 'decorate' the covers of magazines. You might hear, 'Kanojo wa nankai mo hyōshi o kazatte iru' (She has graced the cover many times). It's also used for accessories; 'Kubi-moto o nekkuresu de kazaru' (To adorn one's neck with a necklace).
While 飾る is a relatively straightforward verb, learners often make specific errors regarding its nuance and particle usage. Understanding these pitfalls will help you sound more natural.
- Mistake 1: Confusing with 'Tsukuru' (To make)
Some learners use 'kazaru' when they mean they 'made' a decoration. Remember, 飾る is the act of placing or arranging the decoration, not necessarily creating the item itself. If you made a wreath, use tsukuru; if you hung it on the door, use kazaru.
- Mistake 2: Overusing it for Personal Grooming
While you can 'decorate' yourself with jewelry, you don't 'kazaru' your makeup or hair in general conversation. For makeup, use keshō o suru. For hair, use setto suru. Using 飾る for daily grooming can sound like you are trying too hard to look like a statue or a display.
- Mistake 3: Particle Confusion (Ni vs. O)
Remember the transitive nature: [Place] ni [Object] o kazaru. Learners often swap these, saying [Object] ni [Place] o kazaru, which would mean you are decorating the object with the place—grammatically possible but logically weird!
- Mistake 4: Negative Nuance of '自分を飾る'
Be careful when saying someone 'decorates themselves.' While it can mean wearing jewelry, it often implies 'putting on a front' or being 'fake.' If you want to compliment someone's outfit, it's better to say oshare desu ne (you are stylish) rather than jibun o kazatte imasu ne (you are decorating yourself).
To truly master 飾る, you should know the words that surround it in the semantic field of 'arranging' and 'beautifying.' Here are the most relevant synonyms and related terms:
- 1. 並べる (Naraberu)
- This means 'to line up' or 'to display in a row.' While 飾る focuses on beauty, 並べる focuses on order. You might naraberu books on a shelf, but you kazaru a special edition book on a stand.
- 2. 装う (Yosoou)
- This means 'to dress up' or 'to pretend.' It is more focused on the person's appearance or a facade. It is often used for clothing (e.g., shinsō o yosoou - to dress in new clothes) or behavior (e.g., heiki o yosoou - to pretend to be calm).
- 3. 彩る (Irodoru)
- This means 'to color' or 'to add variety to.' It is a more poetic version of 飾る. If flowers 'decorate' a room, they might 'color' (irodoru) a person's life. It suggests adding vibrancy and diversity.
- 4. 整える (Totonoeru)
- This means 'to tidy up' or 'to put in order.' It is the functional side of decoration. Before you kazaru a room, you must totonoeru it by cleaning and organizing.
Choosing the right word depends on your intent. Use 飾る when the goal is aesthetic enhancement or symbolic display. Use 並べる for organization, and 彩る for artistic or emotional enrichment.
How Formal Is It?
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مستوى الصعوبة
قواعد يجب معرفتها
أمثلة حسب المستوى
へやに はなを かざります。
I decorate the room with flowers.
Basic 'Object o Verb' structure.
クリスマスツリーを かざりましょう。
Let's decorate the Christmas tree.
Volitional form '-mashō' (let's).
かべに しゃしんを かざりました。
I decorated the wall with photos.
Past tense '-mashita'.
きれいな えを かざりたいです。
I want to decorate with a beautiful picture.
Desire form '-tai'.
テーブルに ケーキを かざります。
I put the cake on the table (to decorate it).
Place marker 'ni'.
おもちゃを かざりますか。
Do you decorate with toys?
Question form.
まどに かざりを つけます。
I put decorations on the window.
Using the noun 'kazari'.
みんなで へやを かざりました。
We all decorated the room together.
Adverbial 'minna de'.
誕生日のために、部屋を風船で飾りました。
I decorated the room with balloons for the birthday.
Using 'de' for the means/tool.
玄関にきれいな花が飾ってあります。
Beautiful flowers are decorated in the entrance.
State of being '-te aru'.
彼女はいつも机の上に写真を飾っています。
She always has photos decorated on her desk.
Continuous state '-te iru'.
この絵をどこに飾ればいいですか?
Where should I decorate with this picture?
Conditional '-ba ii'.
ひな祭りに人形を飾る習慣があります。
There is a custom of decorating with dolls for the Doll Festival.
Noun-modifying clause.
店をきれいに飾って、客を呼びます。
We decorate the shop nicely to attract customers.
Te-form for sequence of actions.
子供が作った作品を壁に飾りました。
I decorated the wall with the work my child made.
Relative clause.
帽子にリボンを飾って、可愛くしました。
I decorated the hat with a ribbon to make it cute.
Resultative '-ku suru'.
彼は有名な雑誌の表紙を飾ったことがあります。
He has graced the cover of a famous magazine before.
Experience form '-ta koto ga aru'.
最後は勝利で飾りたいと思っています。
I want to decorate the end with a victory.
Metaphorical use for 'finishing'.
自分を飾らずに、ありのままの姿を見せたい。
I want to show my true self without dressing myself up.
Negative 'zu ni' (without doing).
会場は色とりどりの旗で飾られていた。
The venue was decorated with colorful flags.
Passive past '-rerate ita'.
この文章は言葉を飾りすぎていて、意味が分かりにくい。
This sentence is too embellished with words, making it hard to understand.
Excessive form '-sugiru'.
新年の門松を飾る準備を始めましょう。
Let's start preparing to decorate the New Year's pine.
Noun 'junbi' (preparation).
棚には世界中で集めたお土産が飾られている。
Souvenirs collected from all over the world are displayed on the shelf.
Passive state.
彼女の部屋はセンス良く飾られているね。
Her room is decorated with good taste, isn't it?
Adverbial 'sensu yoku'.
彼は現役最後の試合を見事なゴールで飾った。
He decorated his final match of his career with a brilliant goal.
Metaphorical 'decorate the end'.
有終の美を飾るために、最後まで全力を尽くします。
I will do my best until the end to bring things to a successful close.
Set phrase 'yūshū no bi'.
虚飾を排し、中身で勝負することが大切だ。
It is important to reject ostentation and compete based on substance.
Compound 'kyoshoku' (vanity/ostentation).
そのニュースは新聞の一面を大きく飾った。
That news prominently graced the front page of the newspaper.
Journalistic usage.
彼女は言葉を飾るのが上手だが、本心がどこにあるか分からない。
She is good at embellishing her words, but I don't know where her true feelings lie.
Nominalizer 'no'.
店内はクリスマス一色に飾られ、華やかな雰囲気だ。
The store is decorated entirely in Christmas colors, creating a festive atmosphere.
Expression 'isshoku ni' (entirely in one color).
名誉ある賞を受賞し、彼の経歴に新たな一ページを飾った。
Winning the prestigious award added a new page to his career history.
Metaphorical 'decorate a page'.
あまり自分を飾りすぎると、周囲から信頼を失うこともある。
If you dress yourself up (act fake) too much, you might lose the trust of those around you.
Conditional 'to'.
その詩人は、巧みな比喩で作品を美しく飾った。
The poet beautifully adorned his work with skillful metaphors.
Literary context.
歴史の転換点を飾るにふさわしい、壮大な式典が行われた。
A grand ceremony was held, fitting to mark a turning point in history.
Grammar 'ni fusawashii' (fitting for).
外面を飾ることに汲々とするあまり、内面の成長を忘れてはならない。
One must not forget inner growth by being too preoccupied with decorating one's outward appearance.
Expression 'kyūkyū to suru' (to be preoccupied with).
彼の功績は、科学史の金字塔として永遠に飾られるだろう。
His achievements will be eternally displayed as a monumental landmark in the history of science.
Metaphorical 'monument'.
言葉を飾らず、直截に意見を述べるのが彼のスタイルだ。
His style is to state his opinions directly, without embellishing his words.
Adverb 'chokusetsu ni' (directly).
都の繁栄を飾る豪華絢爛な建築物が立ち並んでいる。
Gorgeous and dazzling buildings stand in a row, gracing the prosperity of the capital.
Four-character idiom 'gōka kenran'.
彼女の沈黙は、その場の空気をより一層厳かに飾った。
Her silence adorned the atmosphere of the place even more solemnly.
Abstract decoration of atmosphere.
時代の寵児として、彼は若くして時代の最先端を飾った。
As the darling of the era, he graced the cutting edge of the times at a young age.
Expression 'jidai no chōji'.
権力者は自らの威信を飾るため、巨大な記念碑を建立した。
The ruler erected a massive monument to adorn his own prestige.
Formal 'ishin' (prestige).
その言説は、真実を覆い隠すためのレトリックによって過剰に飾られていた。
The discourse was excessively decorated with rhetoric designed to obscure the truth.
Academic 'gensetsu' (discourse).
日本の美意識において「飾る」とは、単なる付加ではなく、本質を引き出す行為である。
In Japanese aesthetics, 'to decorate' is not a mere addition but an act of drawing out the essence.
Philosophical definition.
彼は己の虚栄心を飾るために、他人の功績を盗用した。
He plagiarized others' achievements to decorate his own vanity.
Psychological context.
晩節を汚すことなく、見事に人生の幕を飾った。
Without staining his later years, he beautifully decorated the curtain call of his life.
Idiom 'bansetsu o yogosu' (to ruin one's reputation in old age).
その絵画は、光と影のコントラストが画面を劇的に飾っている。
In that painting, the contrast of light and shadow dramatically adorns the canvas.
Art criticism.
伝統を飾る重厚な儀式が、数世紀にわたって受け継がれてきた。
Solemn ceremonies that grace tradition have been passed down for centuries.
Temporal context.
修辞に飾られた演説は、聴衆の感情を巧みに揺さぶった。
The speech, decorated with rhetoric, skillfully swayed the emotions of the audience.
Formal 'shūji' (rhetoric).
تلازمات شائعة
العبارات الشائعة
有終の美を飾る (To bring to a successful close)
自分を飾らない (To be natural/unaffected)
最後を飾る (To be the finale)
表紙を飾る (To be on the cover)
花を添えて飾る (To decorate with flowers as an extra touch)
ショーウィンドウを飾る (To decorate a shop window)
食卓を飾る (To grace the dining table)
歴史を飾る (To grace history)
一面を飾る (To grace the front page)
首元を飾る (To adorn one's neck)
يُخلط عادةً مع
Naraberu is about order/lining up; Kazaru is about beauty/display.
Yosoou is about personal clothing or pretending; Kazaru is about the object/space.
Nuru is to paint/spread; Kazaru is to place/arrange.
تعبيرات اصطلاحية
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سهل الخلط
أنماط الجُمل
كيفية الاستخدام
The passive 'kazarareru' is very common for describing existing states.
Always distinguish if you are talking about a physical object or a metaphorical achievement.
Physical decoration is usually positive; social 'decoration' can be negative.
- Using 'kazaru' for putting on clothes (use 'kiru' or 'fuku o kiru').
- Using 'kazaru' for cleaning (use 'katazukeru' or 'sōji suru').
- Confusing 'kazaru' (to decorate) with 'kazareru' (can decorate).
- Using the wrong particle: 'Heya o hana ni kazaru' (Incorrect) vs 'Heya ni hana o kazaru' (Correct).
- Using 'kazaru' for putting on makeup (use 'keshō o suru').
نصائح
Particle Choice
Use 'ni' for the location where the item is placed. Use 'de' for the item you are using to decorate. This keeps your sentences clear and professional.
Abstract Success
When you want to say someone finished their career well, use 'saigo o kazaru'. It adds a touch of respect and elegance to your Japanese. It is a very common phrase in news.
Noun Form
Remember 'kazari' is the noun for decoration. You can say 'kazari o tsukeru' (attach a decoration) as an alternative to the verb 'kazaru'. This is useful for beginners.
Being Natural
To describe someone who is honest and down-to-earth, use 'kazarike no nai hito'. It is a high-level compliment in Japanese culture. It shows you value sincerity.
Display vs. Decorate
If you are just putting things out to sell, use 'chinretsu suru'. Use 'kazaru' only if the goal is to make the display look beautiful. This is key for business Japanese.
Kanji Practice
The left side of 飾 is the 'food' radical. Think of it as 'decorating a feast'. This mnemonic helps you remember the complex strokes on the left.
Seasonal Awareness
In Japan, decorating is seasonal. Mentioning the season when using 'kazaru' makes your Japanese sound more culturally aware. For example, 'Aki no hana o kazaru'.
Complimenting
When you see a nicely decorated room, say 'Kirei ni kazararete imasu ne!' This uses the passive form to describe the state, which is very natural. It sounds polite and observant.
Magazine Talk
When you hear 'hyōshi o kazaru', know that it's a big deal. It means the person is the main feature of the magazine. It's a common phrase in entertainment news.
The Perfect Finish
Memorize 'yūshū no bi o kazaru'. It is a four-character-like phrase used for retirements, graduations, and project completions. It makes you sound like an advanced speaker.
احفظها
أصل الكلمة
السياق الثقافي
While 'kazaru' is good for spaces, 'kazaru' for oneself is often seen as a sign of insecurity or vanity in traditional Japanese values.
Decorating is a key part of hospitality (omotenashi), showing the guest they are valued.
Japanese homes often have a 'tokonoma' (alcove) specifically for 'kazaru' items like scrolls and flowers.
تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية
سياقات واقعية
بدايات محادثة
"部屋に何を飾るのが好きですか? (What do you like to decorate your room with?)"
"クリスマスにはツリーを飾りますか? (Do you decorate a tree for Christmas?)"
"最近、雑誌の表紙を飾った有名人は誰ですか? (Who is the celebrity who recently graced the cover of a magazine?)"
"誕生日のパーティーで、どうやって部屋を飾りましたか? (How did you decorate the room for the birthday party?)"
"「自分を飾らない人」についてどう思いますか? (What do you think about people who don't 'dress themselves up'?) "
مواضيع للكتابة اليومية
私の理想の部屋の飾り方について。 (About my ideal way of decorating a room.)
今までで一番「有終の美を飾った」と思った瞬間。 (The moment I felt I most 'crowned with success'.)
日本の季節の飾りについて思うこと。 (What I think about Japanese seasonal decorations.)
言葉を飾ることのメリットとデメリット。 (The pros and cons of embellishing words.)
自分を飾らずに生きるにはどうすればいいか。 (How to live without putting on a facade.)
الأسئلة الشائعة
10 أسئلةYes, 'pasokon o suteikaa de kazaru' is perfectly natural. It implies you are making it look better. If you are just sticking them randomly, you might use 'haru' (to stick).
Generally, no. Use 'keshō o suru' for applying makeup. 'Kazaru' would imply you are treating your face like a Christmas tree, which sounds strange.
'Kazaru' is the act of decorating. 'Irodoru' means to add color or variety. You 'kazaru' with flowers, and those flowers 'irodoru' the room.
You can say 'kami-kazari o tsukeru' (put on a hair ornament). Using 'kazaru' directly for hair is rare unless it's for a very elaborate hairstyle like a geisha's.
It is a standard verb. To make it polite, use 'kazarimasu'. It is not inherently 'keigo' (honorific), but it is used in polite society.
Use 'Heya ga kazararete imasu' or 'Heya ni kazari ga arimasu'. Both are common depending on the focus.
Yes, 'ryōri o kazaru' means to garnish or plate food beautifully. It is common in professional cooking contexts.
It means trying to look better than you are or exaggerating your skills. It's usually advised against; 'kazarazu ni hanasu' (speak without dressing things up) is better.
It is an N3 level kanji. It has 13 strokes. It's important to learn because it appears in many common words like 'shoku-hin' (though that's a different kanji, they are often confused by beginners—be careful!).
Yes, 'kurisumasu raito o kazaru' is very common. You can also say 'iruumineeshon o kazaru'.
اختبر نفسك 180 أسئلة
/ 180 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
飾る (kazaru) is the essential Japanese verb for 'to decorate.' While it starts with physical objects like flowers and Christmas trees, its true depth lies in its ability to describe 'decorating' a career with success or 'decorating' words with beauty. It is about the intentional act of making something presentable and impressive.
- Kazaru means to decorate or adorn a physical space with objects like flowers or ornaments to enhance its beauty.
- It is frequently used metaphorically to mean finishing an event or career on a high note, often with a victory.
- In social contexts, it can mean 'dressing up' one's appearance or words, sometimes implying a lack of sincerity.
- Grammatically, it is a transitive verb (takes 'o') and is often used in the state-of-being form 'kazararete iru'.
Particle Choice
Use 'ni' for the location where the item is placed. Use 'de' for the item you are using to decorate. This keeps your sentences clear and professional.
Abstract Success
When you want to say someone finished their career well, use 'saigo o kazaru'. It adds a touch of respect and elegance to your Japanese. It is a very common phrase in news.
Noun Form
Remember 'kazari' is the noun for decoration. You can say 'kazari o tsukeru' (attach a decoration) as an alternative to the verb 'kazaru'. This is useful for beginners.
Being Natural
To describe someone who is honest and down-to-earth, use 'kazarike no nai hito'. It is a high-level compliment in Japanese culture. It shows you value sincerity.
مثال
部屋を花で飾った。
محتوى ذو صلة
هذه الكلمة بلغات أخرى
مزيد من كلمات home
上に
B1على؛ فوق. يستخدم للموقع المادي.
不在
B1Absent; not present. Not in a particular place.
手頃な
B1Affordable, reasonable (price).
お先に
B1Excuse me for going first; said when leaving before others.
仲介
B1Mediation, agency (e.g., real estate).
あっ
B1Ah!; an exclamation of sudden realization or surprise.
エアコン
A2air conditioner
冷暖房
B1Air conditioning and heating system.
風通しの良い
B1Well-ventilated; airy.
~可
A2لاحقة تعني 'مسموح' أو 'مصرح به'. تُستخدم بشكل شائع في اللافتات والوثائق الرسمية.