B1 · متوسط فصل 17

Respectful Speech and Basic Quotes

4 القواعد الإجمالية
41 أمثلة
5 دقيقة
القواعد في هذا الفصل تدريب سريع

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of respectful Korean speech and indirect communication with ease.

  • Elevate your subject particles to show deep cultural respect.
  • Identify objects and introduce people using natural quoting patterns.
  • Relay messages and gossip accurately using indirect speech.
Speak with respect, share with confidence.

ما ستتعلمه

Ready to level up your Korean and sound truly natural? This chapter is your secret weapon for navigating conversations with respect and confidence. You’ll dive deep into two essential honorific particles: 께서 (the polite version of 이/가) and 께 (the respectful alternative to 한테). Mastering these isn't just about grammar; it's about showing deep respect to elders, teachers, or your boss – a fundamental part of Korean culture that will instantly make your speech more authentic and appreciated. But we're not stopping there! You’ll also unlock the power of indirect speech. First, with (이)라고 하다, you’ll learn how to smoothly introduce yourself, politely state someone’s role, or name objects in a natural, conversational way. Imagine confidently introducing a new colleague to your Korean friends! Then, we tackle ㄴ/는다고 하다, which lets you report what others have said, thought, or even gossiped about – perfect for sharing stories or recounting advice. By the end, you won't just know the rules; you'll be able to speak with an intermediate fluency that honors Korean customs and makes your interactions richer and more meaningful. Let's make your Korean sound effortlessly polite and expressive!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use honorific particles to address elders and superiors.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Accurately report what others have said in formal contexts.

دليل الفصل

نظرة عامة

Ready to elevate your Korean grammar and speak with genuine respect and confidence? Welcome to a pivotal B1 chapter that unlocks the nuances of polite and indirect communication. In Korean culture, showing deference is paramount, and mastering honorifics isn't just about grammar rules; it's about connecting authentically.
This chapter introduces you to essential particles like 께서, the polite form of 이/가, and 께, the respectful alternative to 한테/에게. These are your secret weapons for addressing elders, teachers, or superiors, instantly making your speech more natural and appreciated. Beyond honorifics, you'll dive into indirect speech, starting with (이)라고 하다 for smooth introductions and naming, then moving to ㄴ/는다고 하다 to report what others have said or thought.
By the end, you won't just understand these concepts; you'll be able to wield them, transforming your Korean into a more sophisticated and culturally aware form of expression. This is a crucial step in achieving true intermediate fluency.

كيف تعمل هذه القاعدة

This chapter introduces four powerful tools to refine your Korean grammar at the B1 level. First up are the honorific particles. 께서 is the honorific subject particle, replacing 이/가 when the subject of your sentence is someone deserving of respect, like an elder, a teacher, or a superior.
For example, instead of «선생님이 오셨어요» (The teacher came), you'd say
선생님께서 오셨어요
(The teacher came, *respectfully*). Similarly, 께 is the honorific dative particle, replacing 한테/에게 when the indirect object of your sentence is someone you want to show respect to. So, you'd say
할머니께 편지를 썼어요
(I wrote a letter to grandmother, *respectfully*), rather than «할머니한테 편지를 썼어요.»
Next, we explore ways to quote and report speech. (이)라고 하다 is a versatile expression used for quoting nouns or introducing names. You attach -이라고 하다 if the noun ends in a consonant (like 선생님이라고 하다 – to be called a teacher) and -라고 하다 if it ends in a vowel (like 김민수라고 하다 – to be called Kim Minsu).
This is perfect for introductions:
저는 제임스라고 합니다
(My name is James). Lastly, ㄴ/는다고 하다 is your go-to for reporting what someone else *said* or *thought* (indirect speech) for verbs and adjectives. The form changes based on the type of word and tense.
For present tense action verbs, use -는다고 하다 (e.g.,
친구가 내일 온다고 했어요
– My friend said they would come tomorrow). For present tense descriptive verbs/adjectives, use -다고 하다 (e.g.,
날씨가 춥다고 합니다
– They say the weather is cold). For past tense, it's -았/었다고 하다 (e.g.,
선생님이 숙제를 다 했다고 하셨어요
– The teacher said they had finished the homework).
Mastering these allows you to share information gracefully.

الأخطاء الشائعة

  1. 1✗ Wrong: «할머니가 오셨어요.»
✓ Correct:
할머니께서 오셨어요.
*Explanation:* When referring to an elder or someone deserving of high respect as the subject of a sentence, you must use the honorific subject particle 께서 instead of the standard 이/가.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: «사장님에게 보고서를 제출했어요.»
✓ Correct:
사장님께 보고서를 제출했어요.
*Explanation:* For the indirect object (the recipient of an action) who is a superior or deserves respect, the honorific dative particle 께 should be used instead of 한테 or 에게.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: «이것은 카메라라고 합니다.»
✓ Correct:
이것은 카메라라고 합니다.
*Explanation:* When using (이)라고 하다 to state what something is called, if the noun ends in a vowel, you attach -라고 하다. If it ends in a consonant, you attach -이라고 하다. In this case, «카메라» ends in a vowel.

محادثات حقيقية

A

A

안녕하세요, 이분은 누구라고 하세요? (Hello, what is this person called?)
B

B

안녕하세요! 이분은 김 선생님이라고 하십니다. 제 한국어 선생님이세요. (Hello! This person is called Teacher Kim. She is my Korean teacher.)
A

A

어머니께서 뭐라고 하셨어요? (What did your mother say?)
B

B

어머니께서 날씨가 많이 춥다고 하셨어요. 따뜻하게 입으래요. (My mother said the weather is very cold. She told me to dress warmly.)
A

A

할아버지께 생신 선물을 드렸어요? (Did you give a birthday present to grandfather?)
B

B

네, 어제 할아버지께 직접 드렸어요. 할아버지께서 정말 좋아하셨어요. (Yes, I gave it to grandfather directly yesterday. Grandfather really liked it.)

أسئلة شائعة

Q

Can I use 께서 for my friends or younger siblings?

No, 께서 is strictly for individuals you need to show high respect to, such as elders, teachers, or superiors. Using it for friends or younger people would sound unnatural or even sarcastic.

Q

What's the main difference between 한테 and 께?

Both mean to or from (in some contexts), but 께 is the honorific form used when the recipient of the action is someone you respect. 한테 is used for people of equal or lower status, or informally.

Q

How do I use (이)라고 하다 to introduce myself in a formal setting?

You would say

저는 [Your Name]이라고 합니다.
For example,
저는 이민준이라고 합니다.
The -습니다/ㅂ니다 ending makes it formal.

Q

Does ㄴ/는다고 하다 change based on politeness levels?

Yes, the 하다 part of ㄴ/는다고 하다 will change according to the politeness level you're using. For example, «한다고 해요» (polite), «한다고 합니다» (formal polite), «한다고 해» (informal). The reported part (ㄴ/는다고) remains the same.

السياق الثقافي

Mastering honorifics like 께서 and 께, alongside indirect speech, is foundational for navigating Korean social dynamics. In a culture deeply rooted in hierarchy and respect for elders and authority, using these forms correctly is not just good Korean grammar; it's a sign of good manners and cultural understanding. Failing to use honorifics when appropriate can be perceived as rude or disrespectful, while using them correctly instantly builds rapport.
Indirect speech (ㄴ/는다고 하다, (이)라고 하다) also plays a role in softening statements or relaying information without being overly direct, which can be a valuable communication strategy in many situations. It demonstrates a level of social awareness that will make your interactions richer and more meaningful.

أمثلة رئيسية (8)

1

`할머니께서` 공원에 가세요.

الجدة تذهب إلى الحديقة.

فاعل التشريف: 께서 (النسخة المهذبة من 이/가)
2

`선생님께서` 숙제를 내주셨어요.

المعلم أعطانا واجباً منزلياً.

فاعل التشريف: 께서 (النسخة المهذبة من 이/가)
3

I wrote a letter to my grandmother.

كتبت رسالة إلى جدتي.

أداة الاحترام 'إلى' (께)
4

I sent the report to the CEO.

أرسلت التقرير إلى المدير التنفيذي.

أداة الاحترام 'إلى' (께)
5

제 이름은 `지민이라고 해요`.

اسمي هو جيمين (أُدعى جيمين).

التعريف بالنفس واقتباس الأسماء (이/라고 하다)
6

이 음식은 `비빔밥이라고 합니다`.

هذا الطعام يسمى بيبيمباب.

التعريف بالنفس واقتباس الأسماء (이/라고 하다)
7

민수는 오늘 바쁘다고 해요.

يقول مينسو إنه مشغول اليوم.

قول 'قال أن...': الكلام غير المباشر (ㄴ/는다고 하다)
8

제니가 한국에 간다고 했어요.

قالت جيني إنها ذاهبة إلى كوريا.

قول 'قال أن...': الكلام غير المباشر (ㄴ/는다고 하다)

نصائح وحيل (4)

⚠️

فخ احترام الذات

إياك تستخدم 께서 بعد اسمك أو الضمير 나/저. رح تبين مغرور جداً كأنك ملك بيحكي عن نفسه: «나께서 밥을 먹어요 (خطأ)».
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: فاعل التشريف: 께서 (النسخة المهذبة من 이/가)
💡

تنسيق الأفعال

لما تستخدم 께، عقلك لازم يدور فوراً على أفعال الاحترام المتواضعة زي (드리다، 여쭙다). هما دايمًا بييجوا سوا: «선생님께 여쭤 봤어요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: أداة الاحترام 'إلى' (께)
🎯

تحدث كالكوريين الأصليين

بدلاً من الصيغة المدرسية الجافة، استخدم هذه الصيغة لتبدو أكثر تواضعاً ولباقة عند التعريف بنفسك: «제 이름은 X라고 해요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: التعريف بالنفس واقتباس الأسماء (이/라고 하다)
🎯

اختصار '대요' السحري

في أغلب المحادثات اليومية، الكوريين بيحبوا الاختصار، فبيقولوا 'ㄴ/는대요' بدل الصيغة الطويلة عشان يوفروا مجهود: «내일 비가 많이 온대요.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: قول 'قال أن...': الكلام غير المباشر (ㄴ/는다고 하다)

المفردات الرئيسية (5)

선생님 (seonsaengnim) teacher 말씀하시다 (malsseumhasida) to speak (honorific) 이름 (ireum) name 드리다 (deurida) to give (honorific) 전하다 (jeonhada) to relay/convey

Real-World Preview

graduation-cap

Meeting the Professor

Review Summary

  • Noun + 께서
  • Noun + 께
  • Noun + (이)라고 하다
  • Verb + ㄴ/는다고 하다

أخطاء شائعة

You must use the honorific subject particle 께서 when the subject is a superior.

Wrong: 선생님이가 오셨어요.
صحيح: 선생님께서 오셨어요.

Use 께 and the honorific verb 드리다 for superiors.

Wrong: 사장님한테 서류를 줬어요.
صحيح: 사장님께 서류를 드렸어요.

Remember to use polite endings when reporting speech in formal settings.

Wrong: 그는 간다고 말했다.
صحيح: 그가 간다고 했습니다.

Next Steps

You are doing incredible work. Keep practicing these honorifics and you will sound like a native in no time!

Practice introducing family members to a mock-teacher.

Continue to: Relaying Complex Messages and Rumors

تدريب سريع (10)

جد الخطأ في الجملة وقم بتصحيحه.

Find and fix the mistake:

저는 미국 사람라고 해요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 저는 미국 사람이라고 해요.
كلمة '사람' تنتهي بحرف ساكن (ㅁ)، لذا تتطلب '이라고'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: التعريف بالنفس واقتباس الأسماء (이/라고 하다)

اختار الخيار الأكثر أدباً.

أي جملة مناسبة للكلام مع مديرك؟

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 사장님께 보고서를 보냈습니다.
مع المدير (사장님)، لازم نستخدم أداة الاحترام '께' ونهاية الجملة الرسمية.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: أداة الاحترام 'إلى' (께)

أي جملة تستخدم قواعد الاحترام بشكل صحيح؟

اختر الجملة الأكثر احتراماً لوصف وصول معلمك:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 선생님께서 오셨어요.
يجب استخدام أداة الفاعل 께서 مع تصريف الفعل المحترم -(으)시- لتكتمل جملة الاحترام.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: فاعل التشريف: 께서 (النسخة المهذبة من 이/가)

حدد الاستخدام غير المناسب وصححه.

Find and fix the mistake:

부모님한테 선물을 줬어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 부모님께 선물을 드렸어요.
لازم نستخدم '께' مع الوالدين، وكمان نغير الفعل '줬어요' لفعل الاحترام '드렸어요'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: أداة الاحترام 'إلى' (께)

املأ الفراغ بالصيغة الصحيحة لـ 이/라고 하다.

제 친구 이름은 '유나'___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 라고 해요
اسم '유나' ينتهي بحرف متحرك، لذا نستخدم '라고 해요'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: التعريف بالنفس واقتباس الأسماء (이/라고 하다)

أي جملة هي الصحيحة قواعدياً؟

اختر الجملة الصحيحة:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 이것은 사과라고 합니다.
كلمة '사과' تنتهي بحرف متحرك، لذا '라고' هي الأداة الصحيحة.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: التعريف بالنفس واقتباس الأسماء (이/라고 하다)

جد الخطأ في هذه الجملة التي تصف فعلك الخاص وصححه.

Find and fix the mistake:

나께서 학교에 가요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 내가 학교에 가요.
لا تستخدم 께서 لنفسك أبداً. استخدم 이/가 (أو 은/는).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: فاعل التشريف: 께서 (النسخة المهذبة من 이/가)

أي جملة تنقل بشكل صحيح 'الطعام حار'؟

اختر الجملة الصحيحة قواعدياً:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 음식이 맵다고 해요.
맵다 (حار) هي صفة، لذا تأخذ 다고 مباشرة.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: قول 'قال أن...': الكلام غير المباشر (ㄴ/는다고 하다)

املأ الفراغ لتقول 'هو يقول إنه يدرس'.

그가 지금 공부___ 해요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 한다고
공부하다 هو فعل حركي ينتهي بحرف علة، لذا يأخذ ㄴ다고.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: قول 'قال أن...': الكلام غير المباشر (ㄴ/는다고 하다)

جد الخطأ وصححه في نقل جملة 'أنا طالب' (학생).

친구가 학생라고 해요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 친구가 학생이라고 해요.
للأسماء التي تنتهي بحرف ساكن مثل 학생، يجب استخدام 이라고.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: قول 'قال أن...': الكلام غير المباشر (ㄴ/는다고 하다)

Score: /10

أسئلة شائعة (6)

غالباً نعم، لكنها تُستخدم أيضاً للأشخاص ذوي المكانة المهنية العالية بغض النظر عن عمرهم، مثل مدير شاب: «사장님께서 말씀하셨어요.»
في العائلات الحديثة، 이/가 تكفي. استخدام 께서 للأخ نادر إلا في العائلات التقليدية جداً: «형께서 오셨어요.»
غالباً لأ. مع الإخوة، حتى لو أكبر منك، بنستخدم 한테 أو 형/언니한테. أداة 께 محجوزة لمستوى أعلى من الاحترام زي الوالدين أو المدرسين. «형한테 물어봐.»
لأ طبعاً، بتستخدم في الكلام كمان! على عكس 에게 اللي ممكن تبان ناشفة شوية في الكلام، 께 هي الكلمة القياسية لما تحب تحترم الكبار وأنت بتكلمهم. «할머니께 말씀드렸어요.»
بالطبع! هي الطريقة القياسية لقول 'أُدعى [اسم]'. إنها أكثر تهذيباً وتواضعاً من مجرد استخدام '-(이)에요'. مثلاً: «제 이름은 지민이라고 해요.»
في الكلام غير الرسمي، غالباً ما تتحول '이라고 해' إلى '이래'. مثلاً: «친구가 선생님이래» وتعني 'صديقي يقول إنه معلم'.
الفصل السابق
Expressing Limits and Emphasis
الفصل التالي
Relaying Complex Messages and Rumors
العودة إلى خارطة الطريق