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A2 noun 3 دقيقة للقراءة

~면

~myeon

When attaching ~면 to the end of a verb stem or an adjective stem, it means 'if' or 'when'. This ending is used to express a conditional clause, indicating that the action or state in the main clause will happen if the condition in the ~면 clause is met. For example, "비가 오면, 집에 있을 거예요." means "If it rains, I will stay home."

It can also be used to describe something that happens regularly or generally in a certain situation. For instance, "배고프면 밥을 먹어요." translates to "When I'm hungry, I eat." This shows a general truth or a habitual action.

When the verb stem ends with a vowel, you directly attach ~면 (e.g., 가다 → 가면). If the verb stem ends with a consonant, you attach ~으면 (e.g., 먹다 → 먹으면). For adjectives, the same rules apply: 예쁘다 → 예쁘면 (if pretty) and 작다 → 작으면 (if small).

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

§ Understanding ~면: The Conditional Clause

The Korean grammar particle ~면 (myeon) is used to express a conditional clause, meaning 'if' or 'when'. It attaches to the stem of a verb or adjective. This is a very useful and common grammatical structure in Korean, so understanding it well will greatly improve your ability to form complex sentences.

Here’s how it generally works:

  • If the verb/adjective stem ends in a vowel or 'ㄹ' (l/r), you attach ~면 directly.
  • If the verb/adjective stem ends in a consonant (except 'ㄹ'), you attach ~으면 (eumyeon).

§ Basic Usage with Verbs

Let’s look at some examples with verbs:

DEFINITION
가다 (to go) + ~면 → 가면 (if/when you go)

학교에 가면 친구를 만날 거예요. (If/When you go to school, you will meet a friend.)

DEFINITION
먹다 (to eat) + ~으면 → 먹으면 (if/when you eat)

배고프면 밥을 먹으면 돼요. (If/When you are hungry, you can eat rice/food.)

DEFINITION
만들다 (to make) + ~면 → 만들면 (if/when you make)

시간이 있으면 케이크를 만들 거예요. (If/When I have time, I will make a cake.)

§ Basic Usage with Adjectives

The same rules apply to adjectives:

DEFINITION
예쁘다 (to be pretty) + ~면 → 예쁘면 (if/when it's pretty)

꽃이 예쁘면 살 거예요. (If/When the flower is pretty, I will buy it.)

DEFINITION
춥다 (to be cold) + ~으면 → 추우면 (if/when it's cold)

날씨가 추우면 옷을 따뜻하게 입으세요. (If/When the weather is cold, please wear warm clothes.)

§ Expressing 'When' or 'If' (General Conditions)

~면 can be used for general conditions or for events that occur regularly. It’s often translated as 'when' in these contexts.

아침에 일어나면 물을 마셔요. (When I wake up in the morning, I drink water.)

피곤하면 쉬어야 해요. (If/When you are tired, you should rest.)

§ Contrasting with ~아/어서 (~a/eoseo)

It’s important to distinguish ~면 from other similar-looking grammar patterns. For instance, ~아/어서 (a/eoseo) can also mean 'when' or 'because of'. However, ~아/어서 indicates a sequential event or a cause and effect relationship. ~면, on the other hand, expresses a condition.

DEFINITION
~면 (conditional)

비가 오면 집에 있을 거예요. (If/When it rains, I will stay home. – Emphasizes the condition)

DEFINITION
~아/어서 (sequential or causal)

비가 와서 집에 있었어요. (Because it rained, I stayed home. – Emphasizes the reason/sequence)

§ Using ~면 with Past and Future Tenses (Advanced)

You can also use ~면 with past and future tense markers, though the usage can be a bit more nuanced. For example, for past tense, you would attach ~았/었으면 (at/eotsseumyeon) to the verb/adjective stem.

DEFINITION
하다 (to do) + ~았/었으면 → 했으면 (if/when I had done)

어제 숙제를 했으면 지금 편할 텐데. (If I had done my homework yesterday, I would be comfortable now.)

While this is a bit beyond A2, it's good to be aware that ~면 is a foundational particle that can be combined with other grammatical elements to express more complex ideas. Focus on mastering the basic conditional 'if/when' for now.

حقيقة ممتعة

The usage of ~면 has been very consistent throughout the history of the Korean language, making it a foundational element for expressing conditions.

أمثلة حسب المستوى

1

지금 가면, 우리는 영화를 볼 수 있어요.

If we go now, we can watch the movie.

2

배고프면, 밥 먹어요.

If you're hungry, eat rice.

3

피곤하면, 잠시 쉬세요.

If you're tired, rest for a moment.

4

시간 있으면, 저를 도와줄 수 있어요?

If you have time, can you help me?

5

비가 오면, 우산을 가져가세요.

If it rains, take an umbrella.

6

날씨가 좋으면, 공원에 갈 거예요.

If the weather is good, I will go to the park.

7

돈이 많으면, 자동차를 살 거예요.

If I have a lot of money, I will buy a car.

8

한국에 가면, 김치를 먹을 거예요.

If I go to Korea, I will eat kimchi.

أنماط نحوية

V/A + -(으)면 (If a verb/adjective ends with a vowel, add -면; if it ends with a consonant, add -으면) N + -(이)면 (If a noun ends with a vowel, add -면; if it ends with a consonant, add -이면) V/A + -았/었으면 좋겠다 (Used to express a wish or hope) V/A + -(으)면 안 되다 (Used to express prohibition) V/A + -(으)면 되다 (Used to express that something is sufficient or the correct way) V/A + -(으)면 + V/A + -(으)ㄹ수록 (The more...the more...)

أنماط الجُمل

A2

V/A + -(으)면

날씨가 좋으면 공원에 갈 거예요. (If the weather is good, I will go to the park.)

A2

N + -(이)면

학생이면 할인을 받을 수 있어요. (If you are a student, you can get a discount.)

A2

V/A + -았/었으면 좋겠다

비가 안 왔으면 좋겠어요. (I wish it wouldn't rain.)

A2

V/A + -(으)면 안 되다

여기 앉으면 안 돼요. (You shouldn't sit here.)

A2

V/A + -(으)면 되다

이 버튼을 누르면 돼요. (You just need to press this button.)

A2

V/A + -(으)면 + V/A + -(으)ㄹ수록

한국어를 배우면 배울수록 재미있어요. (The more you learn Korean, the more fun it is.)

A2

V/A + -(으)면 + other clause

배고프면 밥을 먹어요. (If you are hungry, eat.)

A2

N + -(이)면 + other clause

내일 주말이면 쉬고 싶어요. (If tomorrow is the weekend, I want to rest.)

نصائح

Basic use of ~면

The particle ~면 attaches to the stem of a verb or adjective to express 'if' or 'when'. For example, 하다 (to do) becomes 하면 (if you do), and 좋다 (to be good) becomes 좋으면 (if it's good).

Attaching to nouns with 이면/라면

When attaching ~면 to a noun, you need to use 이면 (if the noun ends in a consonant) or 라면 (if the noun ends in a vowel). For example, 학생이면 (if you are a student) or 의사라면 (if you are a doctor).

Past tense with ~았/었으면

To express 'if' in the past tense or a wish, use ~았/었으면. For example, 갔으면 (if I had gone) or 좋았으면 (if it had been good/I wish it were good).

Difference from ~을/ㄹ 때

While both ~면 and ~을/ㄹ 때 can mean 'when', ~면 implies a condition or possibility, whereas ~을/ㄹ 때 refers to a specific time or period. Compare: 비가 오면 (if it rains/when it rains as a condition) vs. 비가 올 때 (when it is raining/at the time it rains).

Expressing desire with ~고 싶으면

To say 'if you want to...', use the ~고 싶다 (to want to) construction with ~면: ~고 싶으면. For example, 쉬고 싶으면 말해 주세요 (If you want to rest, please tell me).

Irregular verbs with ~면

Remember your irregular verb conjugations when adding ~면. For example, 돕다 (to help) becomes 도우면 (if you help), and 듣다 (to listen) becomes 들으면 (if you listen).

Combining with negative forms

You can combine ~면 with negative forms like 안 ~면 (if not...) or ~지 않으면 (if not...). For example, 안 가면 (if you don't go) or 가지 않으면 (if you don't go).

Nuance of ~으면/면 vs ~다면

~다면 is another conditional form often used for hypothetical or indirect conditions, or when quoting a condition. At A2, focus on ~으면/면, but be aware ~다면 exists for more advanced expression.

Practicing with common phrases

Practice with common phrases. For example: 시간이 있으면 (if you have time), 배고프면 (if you're hungry), 궁금하면 (if you're curious).

Consequences and results

~면 often sets up a consequence or result that follows the condition. The clause after ~면 typically describes what happens or what should be done if the condition is met.

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Imagine a 'fan' (sounds a bit like 'myeon') that only turns on 'if' you press a button. 'If' you press the button, 'then' the fan turns on.

ربط بصري

Picture a branching path. One path leads to an action 'if' a certain condition is met. The branching point is '~면'.

Word Web

~면: conditional ~면: if ~면: when (condition) ~면: hypothetical ~면: cause and effect

تحدٍّ

Try to make five sentences using ~면 about your daily routine. For example, 'If I wake up early, I'll go for a walk.' (일찍 일어나면 산책할 거예요.)

أصل الكلمة

Old Korean

المعنى الأصلي: similar to 'if' or 'when'

Koreanic

السياق الثقافي

Conditional statements are incredibly important in Korean communication, allowing for polite suggestions, requests, and expressing nuanced situations. Understanding ~면 helps you navigate social interactions more smoothly by clearly stating conditions for actions or events.

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

Both mean 'if' or 'when'. The choice depends on the preceding verb stem. If the verb stem ends in a consonant, you use ~으면 (e.g., 먹다 -> 먹으면). If it ends in a vowel, you use ~면 (e.g., 가다 -> 가면). It's a spelling rule to make it easier to pronounce.

Yes, absolutely! You can use ~면 with adjectives to express a conditional state. For example, '예쁘다' (to be pretty) becomes '예쁘면' (if it's pretty).

Not really. ~면 covers both meanings. The specific nuance usually comes from the context of the sentence. For example, '비가 오면' could mean 'if it rains' or 'when it rains' depending on the situation.

To make a negative conditional, you attach ~면 to the negative form of the verb. So, '가지 않다' (not to go) becomes '가지 않으면' (if you don't go) or '안 가다' becomes '안 가면' (if you don't go).

Yes, it's very commonly used for future conditions or hypothetical situations. For example, '내일 날씨가 좋으면' (if the weather is good tomorrow).

~면 introduces a conditional clause, which is a dependent clause that states a condition. The main clause then expresses the result or consequence of that condition.

~면 itself is a neutral grammatical ending. Its formality depends on the politeness level of the verb ending in the main clause of the sentence.

Yes, it can. You might use it to ask about a conditional situation or its consequence. For example, '시간이 있으면 뭐 할 거예요?' (If you have time, what will you do?)

Some common phrases include ~면 안 되다 (you shouldn't if...), ~면 좋겠다 (it would be good if...), and ~면 어때요? (how about if...?).

Generally, the conditional clause with ~면 comes before the main clause. While it's possible to reverse the order in some cases, it's much more natural and common to have the condition stated first.

اختبر نفسك 30 أسئلة

writing A1

Complete the sentence with '~면'. 나는 배고프다. ___ 밥을 먹을 것이다.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

나는 배고프면 밥을 먹을 것이다.

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة:
writing A1

Complete the sentence with '~면'. 비가 오다. ___ 우산을 쓸 것이다.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

비가 오면 우산을 쓸 것이다.

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة:
writing A1

Complete the sentence with '~면'. 시간이 있다. ___ 영화를 볼 것이다.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

시간이 있으면 영화를 볼 것이다.

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة:
reading A1

저는 언제 친구들을 만나요?

Read this passage:

저는 학교에 갑니다. 학교에 가면 친구들을 만납니다. 친구들을 만나면 같이 공부합니다.

저는 언제 친구들을 만나요?

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة: 학교에 가면

The passage says '학교에 가면 친구들을 만납니다.' (If I go to school, I meet friends.)

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة: 학교에 가면

The passage says '학교에 가면 친구들을 만납니다.' (If I go to school, I meet friends.)

reading A1

날씨가 추울 때 무엇을 해야 하나요?

Read this passage:

날씨가 춥습니다. 날씨가 추우면 따뜻한 옷을 입으세요. 따뜻한 옷을 입으면 감기에 걸리지 않습니다.

날씨가 추울 때 무엇을 해야 하나요?

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة: 따뜻한 옷을 입으세요

The passage says '날씨가 추우면 따뜻한 옷을 입으세요.' (If the weather is cold, please wear warm clothes.)

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة: 따뜻한 옷을 입으세요

The passage says '날씨가 추우면 따뜻한 옷을 입으세요.' (If the weather is cold, please wear warm clothes.)

reading A1

밥을 먹으면 어떻게 되나요?

Read this passage:

배가 고픕니다. 배가 고프면 밥을 드세요. 밥을 먹으면 기분이 좋아집니다.

밥을 먹으면 어떻게 되나요?

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة: 기분이 좋아집니다

The passage says '밥을 먹으면 기분이 좋아집니다.' (If you eat, your mood gets better.)

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة: 기분이 좋아집니다

The passage says '밥을 먹으면 기분이 좋아집니다.' (If you eat, your mood gets better.)

writing B1

You are planning to meet a friend. Write three sentences using '~면' to describe different situations that would affect your plans. (e.g., if it rains, if you finish work early, if your friend is late).

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

비가 오면 실내에서 만나요. 일이 일찍 끝나면 영화를 볼 수 있어요. 친구가 늦으면 먼저 카페에 갈게요.

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة:
writing B1

Imagine you are giving advice to someone who wants to learn Korean. Write three pieces of advice using '~면'. (e.g., if you study every day, if you watch K-dramas, if you speak often).

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

매일 공부하면 한국어가 빨리 늘 거예요. 한국 드라마를 많이 보면 듣기 실력이 좋아져요. 한국 친구와 자주 말하면 회화 실력이 늘어요.

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة:
writing B1

Write three sentences about what you do when you are stressed. Use '~면'. (e.g., if I'm stressed, I listen to music; if I'm tired, I take a nap).

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

Sample answer

스트레스를 받으면 음악을 들어요. 너무 피곤하면 낮잠을 자요. 일이 힘들면 산책을 해요.

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة:
reading B1

날씨가 좋지 않으면 이 사람은 무엇을 할 계획인가요?

Read this passage:

이번 주말에 친구와 여행을 갈 계획이에요. 날씨가 좋으면 바다에 갈 거예요. 하지만 비가 오면 박물관에 가려고 해요. 친구가 늦으면 먼저 식사를 할 거예요. 어떤 상황이든 재미있게 보낼 거예요.

날씨가 좋지 않으면 이 사람은 무엇을 할 계획인가요?

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة: 박물관에 갈 거예요

지문에 '하지만 비가 오면 박물관에 가려고 해요.'라고 언급되어 있습니다.

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة: 박물관에 갈 거예요

지문에 '하지만 비가 오면 박물관에 가려고 해요.'라고 언급되어 있습니다.

reading B1

한국어 학습에 대한 조언이 아닌 것은 무엇인가요?

Read this passage:

한국어를 잘하고 싶으면 매일 꾸준히 공부해야 합니다. 그리고 한국 문화를 이해하면 더 재미있게 배울 수 있을 거예요. 모르는 것이 있으면 선생님에게 질문하세요.

한국어 학습에 대한 조언이 아닌 것은 무엇인가요?

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة: 친구들과 놀기만 해야 한다

지문에서 '친구들과 놀기만 해야 한다'는 내용은 언급되지 않았습니다. 다른 선택지들은 모두 지문에 있는 조언입니다.

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة: 친구들과 놀기만 해야 한다

지문에서 '친구들과 놀기만 해야 한다'는 내용은 언급되지 않았습니다. 다른 선택지들은 모두 지문에 있는 조언입니다.

reading B1

이 사람은 날씨가 좋을 때 주로 무엇을 하나요?

Read this passage:

저는 보통 주말에 집에 있어요. 하지만 날씨가 좋으면 자전거를 타러 나가요. 배가 고프면 맛있는 음식을 시켜 먹어요. 만약 약속이 있으면 친구를 만나러 갈 거예요. 주말은 항상 즐거워요.

이 사람은 날씨가 좋을 때 주로 무엇을 하나요?

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة: 자전거를 타러 나가요

지문에 '하지만 날씨가 좋으면 자전거를 타러 나가요.'라고 명시되어 있습니다.

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة: 자전거를 타러 나가요

지문에 '하지만 날씨가 좋으면 자전거를 타러 나가요.'라고 명시되어 있습니다.

sentence order B1

انقر على الكلمات أدناه لبناء الجملة
صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة: 배고프면 라면 먹어요

The 'if' clause comes first, followed by the action. 'If you are hungry, eat ramyeon.'

sentence order B1

انقر على الكلمات أدناه لبناء الجملة
صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة: 집에 도착하면 나한테 전화해

The condition 'when you arrive home' precedes the command 'call me'.

sentence order B1

انقر على الكلمات أدناه لبناء الجملة
صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة: 열심히 공부하면 잘할 수 있어요

The conditional clause 'if you study hard' comes before the result 'you can do well'.

listening C2

Someone is offering help if the listener changes their mind.

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة: 만약 지금이라도 마음이 바뀌면 언제든지 저에게 연락 주세요.
صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة:
listening C2

A warning about potential project delays.

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة: 이런 식으로 계속 진행하면 프로젝트가 지연될 수 있습니다.
صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة:
listening C2

An instruction to report issues immediately.

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة: 어떤 문제가 발생하면 즉시 보고해 주십시오.
صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة:
speaking C2

Read this aloud:

네트워크 연결이 불안정하면 작업에 차질이 생길 수 있습니다.

Focus: 연결이 (yeon-gyeoli), 불안정하면 (bu-ran-jeong-ha-myeon), 차질이 (cha-jili)

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة:
speaking C2

Read this aloud:

만약 제안에 동의하시면 다음 주에 계약을 체결할 수 있습니다.

Focus: 제안에 (je-ane), 동의하시면 (dong-ui-ha-si-myeon), 체결할 (che-gyeol-hal)

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة:
speaking C2

Read this aloud:

날씨가 좋으면 산책이라도 할까요?

Focus: 날씨가 (nal-ssi-ga), 좋으면 (jo-eu-myeon), 산책이라도 (san-chae-gi-ra-do)

صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة:
sentence order C2

انقر على الكلمات أدناه لبناء الجملة
صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة: 비가 오면 우산이 필요해요.

The correct order forms the sentence 'If it rains, an umbrella is necessary.'

sentence order C2

انقر على الكلمات أدناه لبناء الجملة
صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة: 늦게 자면 피곤할 거예요.

The correct order forms the sentence 'If you sleep late, you will be tired.'

sentence order C2

انقر على الكلمات أدناه لبناء الجملة
صحيح! ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة: 제가 도와줄 수 있으면 도와주세요.

The correct order forms the sentence 'If I can help, please help.'

/ 30 correct

Perfect score!

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