A2 · أساسي فصل 7

Describing the Past & Looking Ahead

8 القواعد الإجمالية
82 أمثلة
7 دقيقة

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of storytelling by connecting your past memories with your future ambitions.

  • Conjugate verbs in the Imperfect tense to describe habits.
  • Identify the difference between finished past actions and ongoing descriptions.
  • Formulate future plans using the Future do Presente tense.
From yesterday's memories to tomorrow's dreams.

ما ستتعلمه

You've already got the Portuguese basics down and you're getting comfortable – now it's time to level up and speak with even more confidence! In this chapter, we're going on an exciting journey through the past and into the future. First, we'll dive into the past, but not just single, finished events. You'll learn how to talk about your old habits, like

When I was a kid, I used to play every day,
or
The weather was always good.
This part is perfect for when you want to tell a story, describe a scene, or explain what something was like previously (such as
He was a kind person
or
We had a lot of fun back then
). We'll master verbs like 'ser' (was/used to be), 'fazer' (used to do/was), and 'ver' (used to see) in the Imperfect tense, so you can paint vivid pictures of the past for your listeners. For example, when your friend talks about their last vacation, you'll be able to add details like,
We used to walk by the sea every day and drink coffee in the evenings.
After we've explored the past thoroughly, we'll hop into a time machine and head to the future! Here, you'll learn how to confidently discuss your upcoming plans. Think
I will go shopping tomorrow
or
We will visit Portugal next year.
This section will be incredibly useful when you need to explain work schedules, chat about your travel arrangements, or even make a promise to someone. You'll comfortably be able to say,
I will definitely come,
or
We will be there next year.
By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to bring past memories to life, explain your old habits, and talk about future plans and events with complete assurance. Ready? Let's go!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Describe your childhood habits using the Imperfect tense.

دليل الفصل

نظرة عامة

Welcome to "Describing the Past & Looking Ahead," your next step in mastering Portuguese grammar at the A2 CEFR level! You've already built a solid foundation, and now it’s time to expand your expressive capabilities significantly. This chapter is designed to help you narrate past events with vivid detail and confidently articulate your future plans, making your Portuguese conversations much richer and more engaging.
We'll start by delving into the Portuguese Imperfect Tense, a crucial tool for talking about past habits, ongoing situations, and descriptions. Imagine being able to share stories like
When I was a child, I used to visit my grandparents every summer
or
The beach was always beautiful.
This tense allows you to paint a picture of the past, explaining what things *were like* rather than just what *happened*. You'll master verbs like ser (to be), fazer (to do/make), and ver (to see) in their imperfect forms, unlocking a new level of storytelling.
After mastering the past, we'll fast-forward to the future. This section will equip you with the Portuguese Simple Future Tense, enabling you to discuss your upcoming plans, commitments, and predictions with clarity. Whether you're planning a trip, scheduling a meeting, or simply talking about what you'll do tomorrow, this tense will ensure you communicate effectively.
By the end of this chapter, you’ll be able to reminisce about old times and confidently map out your future in Portuguese. Let's get started!

كيف تعمل هذه القاعدة

This chapter introduces two powerful verb tenses: the Imperfect Tense for the past and the Simple Future for what's to come. The Imperfect Tense in Portuguese is used for actions that were habitual, ongoing, or descriptive in the past. Think used to or was/were -ing.
For Past Habits & Storytelling: The Imperfect Tense, regular -ar verbs take endings like -ava, -avas, -ava, -ávamos, -áveis, -avam. For example, falar (to speak) becomes Eu falava (I used to speak). Regular -er & -ir Verbs follow a similar pattern with endings like -ia, -ias, -ia, -íamos, -íeis, -iam.
So, comer (to eat) becomes Eu comia (I used to eat), and partir (to leave) becomes Eu partia (I used to leave).
Specific verbs: For Past Descriptions: Using 'Ser' (Era), the verb ser is highly irregular: Eu era, tu eras, ele/ela era, nós éramos, vós éreis, eles/elas eram. Example: Ele era muito amigável (He used to be very friendly / He was very friendly). For Past Habits & Weather: 'Fazer' in Imperfect, fazer becomes fazia: Fazia muito sol no verão (It used to be very sunny in the summer).
For Portuguese Past Tense: Using 'Ver' for Habits & Descriptions, ver becomes via: Nós víamos os pássaros todos os dias (We used to see the birds every day). Finally, for Portuguese Past Tense: When to use 'podia' (Imperfect), poder becomes podia: Eu podia correr rápido quando era criança (I could run fast when I was a child).
Moving to the future, the Portuguese Simple Future (Futuro do Presente) is used for definite plans and predictions. It’s formed by adding specific endings to the infinitive of the verb. For Regular -ar Verbs, -er Verbs, and -ir Verbs, the endings are the same for all conjugations: -ei, -ás, -á, -emos, -eis, -ão.
For example, falar becomes Eu falarei (I will speak), comer becomes Eu comerei (I will eat), and partir becomes Eu partirei (I will leave). This straightforward conjugation makes expressing future plans incredibly simple!

الأخطاء الشائعة

  1. 1Wrong:
    Ontem, eu fui para a praia e o sol estava brilhante.
    (Yesterday, I went to the beach and the sun was shining bright.)
Correct:
Ontem, eu fui para a praia e o sol estava brilhante.
(Yesterday, I went to the beach and the sun was shining bright.)
*Explanation:* While the English translation might sound similar, the first sentence implies the sun *shone* brightly as a single completed action (which would be 'brilhou' in Portuguese), rather than describing the continuous state of the sun *being* bright. The Imperfect Tense (estava) is correctly used here to describe a condition or ongoing state in the past, not a single event.
  1. 1Wrong:
    Amanhã, eu vou comer um bolo.
    (Tomorrow, I go eat a cake.)
Correct:
Amanhã, eu comerei um bolo.
(Tomorrow, I will eat a cake.)
*Explanation:* While ir + infinitive (ir comer) is very common in spoken Portuguese for the future (similar to going to eat), the chapter specifically focuses on the Simple Future (comerei). Using the Simple Future is grammatically precise and often preferred in more formal contexts or when emphasizing a definite commitment.
  1. 1Wrong:
    Quando eu era criança, eu jogava futebol só uma vez.
    (When I was a child, I played soccer only once.)
Correct:
Quando eu era criança, eu jogava futebol.
(When I was a child, I used to play soccer.)
*Explanation:* The Imperfect Tense (jogava) is used for *habitual* actions in the past (used to play). If you played soccer only *once*, you would use the Pretérito Perfeito (joguei), as it refers to a single, completed action in the past. The original sentence incorrectly mixes a habitual tense with a singular event.

محادثات حقيقية

A

A

Quando eras criança, o que fazias nos verões? (When you were a child, what did you use to do in the summers?)
B

B

Ah, eu sempre ia para a casa da minha avó. Nós nadávamos no rio e comíamos muitas frutas. (Oh, I always used to go to my grandmother's house. We used to swim in the river and eat a lot of fruit.)
A

A

O que farás no próximo fim de semana? (What will you do next weekend?)
B

B

Eu visitarei uns amigos em Lisboa e talvez farei um passeio de barco. (I will visit some friends in Lisbon and maybe I will take a boat trip.)
A

A

Como era a tua escola primária? (What was your primary school like?)
B

B

Era pequena, mas os professores eram muito dedicados. Nós tínhamos aulas ao ar livre frequentemente. (It was small, but the teachers were very dedicated. We used to have outdoor classes frequently.)

أسئلة شائعة

Q

How do I know when to use the Imperfect Tense versus another past tense in Portuguese?

The Imperfect Tense (e.g., eu falava) is primarily for past habits, ongoing actions, descriptions of states, or background information. If you're talking about a single, completed action, you'll likely need the Pretérito Perfeito (e.g., eu falei), which is not covered in detail here but is good to be aware of.

Q

Are there many irregular verbs in the Portuguese Simple Future?

No, the Simple Future is quite regular! The endings (-ei, -ás, -á, -emos, -eis, -ão) are generally added directly to the infinitive form of most verbs. Some common irregulars like fazer (farei), dizer (direi), and trazer (trarei) exist, but they are few compared to other tenses.

Q

Can I use ir + infinitive for future plans instead of the Simple Future?

Yes, absolutely! In everyday spoken Portuguese, especially in Brazil, ir + infinitive (Eu vou comer - I am going to eat) is extremely common and often preferred for expressing future actions. The Simple Future (Eu comerei - I will eat) gives a slightly more formal tone or emphasizes certainty.

السياق الثقافي

Portuguese speakers love to tell stories, and the Imperfect Tense is their best friend for painting vivid pictures of the past. It allows for a rich tapestry of descriptions and habits, making conversations about childhood, old routines, or historical events feel very natural and engaging. When discussing the future, the Simple Future is often used for more definite plans or predictions, especially in formal contexts or when making clear commitments.
In casual conversation, particularly in Brazil, the ir + infinitive construction is very prevalent for the future, but mastering the Simple Future will give you a more complete understanding and allow you to express yourself with greater precision and elegance.

أمثلة رئيسية (8)

1
2

Nós não entendíamos a lição, então pedimos ajuda.

لم نكن نفهم الدرس، لذا طلبنا المساعدة.

العادات الماضية: زمن الماضي المستمر في اللغة البرتغالية (الأفعال المنتهية بـ -er و -ir)
3

Antigamente, eu fazia vídeos para o YouTube.

زمان، كنت بصور فيديوهات لليوتيوب.

العادات الماضية والطقس: 'Fazer' في الماضي الناقص
4

Fazia muito calor naquele dia.

كان الجو حر جداً في اليوم ده.

العادات الماضية والطقس: 'Fazer' في الماضي الناقص
5

Antes, eu podia comer uma pizza inteira sozinho.

زمان، كنت أقدر آكل بيتزا كاملة لحالي.

الماضي في البرتغالية: متى تستخدم 'podia' (القدرة المستمرة)
6

Você podia me passar a senha do Wi-Fi?

ممكن تعطيني كلمة سر الواي فاي؟

الماضي في البرتغالية: متى تستخدم 'podia' (القدرة المستمرة)
7

Eu viajarei para Portugal no próximo ano.

سأسافر إلى البرتغال العام القادم.

المستقبل البسيط في البرتغالية: الأفعال المنتظمة المنتهية بـ -ar
8

Você comprará o novo celular na Amazon?

هل ستشتري الهاتف الجديد من أمازون؟

المستقبل البسيط في البرتغالية: الأفعال المنتظمة المنتهية بـ -ar

نصائح وحيل (4)

🎯

خدعة 'كنت متعود'

إذا كنت تقدر تضع كلمة 'كنت' أو 'كنت متعود' قبل الفعل بالعربي والمعنى سليم، فأنت أكيد محتاج الماضي المستمر: Eu jogava futebol.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: عادات الماضي وسرد القصص: الماضي المستمر (أفعال -ar)
💡

دور على الكلمات المفتاحية

كلمات زي sempre (دايمًا) أو todos os dias (كل يوم) هي إشارة قوية إنك محتاج تستخدم الـ Imperfect:
Eu sempre bebia café.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: العادات الماضية: زمن الماضي المستمر في اللغة البرتغالية (الأفعال المنتهية بـ -er و -ir)
💡

فكر فيها كـ 'كنت متعود'

لو تقدر تقول 'كنت' أو 'كنت متعود أكون' بالعربي، يبقى الأفضل تستخدم 'era' في البرتغالية:
Eu era muito tímido.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: الأوصاف الماضية: استخدام 'Ser' (Era)
💡

قاعدة 'كنت متعود'

لو تقدر تستبدل الفعل في عقلك بكلمة 'كنت متعود أعمل'، يبقى الأنسب تستخدم fazia في البرتغالية. مثلاً: Eu fazia desporto.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: العادات الماضية والطقس: 'Fazer' في الماضي الناقص

المفردات الرئيسية (5)

antigamente in the past/formerly sempre always amanhã tomorrow próximo next frequentemente frequently

Real-World Preview

coffee

Discussing Childhood

Review Summary

  • Stem + -ava, -avas, -ava, -ávamos, -avam

أخطاء شائعة

Use the imperfect for habits, not the preterite.

Wrong: Eu andei muito quando criança.
صحيح: Eu andava muito quando criança.

While 'vou comer' is acceptable, use the synthetic future for formal clarity.

Wrong: Eu vou comer amanhã.
صحيح: Eu comerei amanhã.

Don't mix 'ser' with other verbs for habits.

Wrong: Ele era ir ao parque.
صحيح: Ele ia ao parque.

القواعد في هذا الفصل (8)

Next Steps

You have mastered the timeline! Keep practicing these verb conjugations daily.

Write a 5-sentence story about your last vacation.

تدريب سريع (9)

املأ الفراغ بالتصريف الصحيح لفعل 'fazer' للتعبير عن عادة قديمة.

Quando eu era criança, eu ___ muitos desenhos. (I used to make)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: fazia
استخدمنا fazia لأننا بنتكلم عن عادة في الطفولة مش حدث حصل مرة واحدة.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: العادات الماضية والطقس: 'Fazer' في الماضي الناقص

أوجد الخطأ في زمن المستقبل

Find and fix the mistake:

Eles estudaram para a prova amanhã.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eles estudarão para a prova amanhã.
'Estudaram' في الماضي. المستقبل لـ 'Eles' هو 'estudarão'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: المستقبل البسيط في البرتغالية: الأفعال المنتظمة المنتهية بـ -ar

أكمل الفراغ بصيغة المستقبل الصحيحة لفعل 'trabalhar' (أنا - Eu)

Eu ___ na Google no próximo mês.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: trabalharei
بالنسبة لـ 'Eu'، بنضيف '-ei' للمصدر 'trabalhar' بدون حذف أي حرف.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: المستقبل البسيط في البرتغالية: الأفعال المنتظمة المنتهية بـ -ar

أي جملة بتوصف حالة الجو في الماضي؟

اختر الإجابة الصحيحة:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Fazia sol quando saí de casa.
Fazia sol بتوصف حالة الجو كخلفية للحدث (كان الجو مشمس). أما Fiz sol فمعناها 'أنا صنعت شمساً' وده غير منطقي!

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: العادات الماضية والطقس: 'Fazer' في الماضي الناقص

لاقي الغلطة في الزمن وصححها.

Find and fix the mistake:

Ontem às 3h, eu fazia um café e bebi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ontem às 3h, eu fiz um café e bebi.
بما إن الفعل بدأ وخلص في وقت محدد (الساعة 3) وجه بعده فعل تاني خلص، بنستخدم الماضي التام fiz مش المستمر.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: العادات الماضية والطقس: 'Fazer' في الماضي الناقص

جد الخطأ في الجملة وصححه.

Find and fix the mistake:

Enquanto ela correu no parque, ela ouvia música.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Enquanto ela corria no parque, ela ouvia música.
لما يكون فيه فعلين بيحصلوا في نفس الوقت في الماضي (Enquanto تعني 'بينما')، الاتنين لازم يكونوا في الـ Imperfect. 'Corria' هو التصريف الصح.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: العادات الماضية: زمن الماضي المستمر في اللغة البرتغالية (الأفعال المنتهية بـ -er و -ir)

املأ الفراغ بتصريف الماضي المستمر الصحيح للفعل بين القوسين.

Quando eu era criança, eu ___ (viver) em uma casa pequena.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: vivia
للحالات المستمرة في الماضي مثل المكان الذي كنت تعيش فيه، نستخدم الـ Imperfect. تصريف 'eu' لفعل 'viver' هو 'vivia'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: العادات الماضية: زمن الماضي المستمر في اللغة البرتغالية (الأفعال المنتهية بـ -er و -ir)

أي جملة تتوقع حالة الطقس بشكل صحيح؟

اختر التوقع الصحيح:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Amanhã choverá muito.
'Choverá' هي الصيغة الصحيحة للمستقبل للغائب المفرد (هو/هي) للتعبير عن 'ستمطر'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: المستقبل البسيط في البرتغالية: الأفعال المنتظمة المنتهية بـ -ar

اختر الجملة الصحيحة.

أي جملة تصف عادة في الماضي بشكل صحيح؟

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Antigamente, nós assistíamos filmes todos os sábados.
كلمة 'Antigamente' (قديمًا) و 'todos os sábados' (كل سبت) بتدل على فعل متكرر، وده بيحتاج Imperfect ('assistíamos').

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: العادات الماضية: زمن الماضي المستمر في اللغة البرتغالية (الأفعال المنتهية بـ -er و -ir)

Score: /9

أسئلة شائعة (6)

'Falei' ماضي بسيط (حدث مرة وانتهى). أما 'Falava' فهو ماضي مستمر (عادة أو فعل كان شغال). فكر في 'Falei' كنقطة، و 'Falava' كخط مستمر.
تقريباً دائماً. جملة I was walking تصبح Eu caminhava. يمكنك استخدام الصيغة المركبة أيضاً، لكن البسيط caminhava طبيعي جداً.
الـ Imperfect بيوصف أحداث مستمرة أو عادات مالهاش نهاية محددة مثل «كنت آكل»، أما الـ Preterite فبيوصف حدث خلص وانتهى في وقت محدد مثل «أكلت». مثال: Eu comia مقابل Eu comi.
أيوة، في الأفعال المنتظمة النهايات هي نفسها بالظبط. مثلاً: eu vendia (من vender) و eu abria (من abrir) الاتنين بياخدوا النهاية -ia.
غالباً لاء. المكان بنستخدم معاه فعل estar في الماضي (estava). مثلاً:
Eu estava em casa
. استخدم era للوصف مش للمكان.
Foi للأحداث اللي خلصت وانتهت (زي صورة ثابتة). أما era فللوصف المستمر أو العادات (زي الفيديو). مثلاً:
A festa foi boa
يعني الحفلة خلصت وكانت حلوة.