المعنى
Explains the reason or cause for an event.
خلفية ثقافية
In Brazilian corporate culture, using 'em virtude de' in emails is a way to 'blindar' (shield) oneself. It makes a justification sound objective and indisputable. Portuguese administrative language is traditionally very conservative. 'Em virtude de' is ubiquitous in 'Diário da República' (the official gazette). In both countries, university theses heavily rely on this phrase to link evidence to theory, showing the author's command of 'academic Portuguese'. Lawyers use this phrase to create a 'nexo de causalidade' (causal link), which is essential for proving responsibility in court.
The Noun Rule
Always try to follow 'em virtude de' with a noun. Instead of 'em virtude de que ele chegou tarde', use 'em virtude de seu atraso'.
Don't Overuse
Using this phrase more than once in a short paragraph makes your writing look 'heavy' and bureaucratic.
المعنى
Explains the reason or cause for an event.
The Noun Rule
Always try to follow 'em virtude de' with a noun. Instead of 'em virtude de que ele chegou tarde', use 'em virtude de seu atraso'.
Don't Overuse
Using this phrase more than once in a short paragraph makes your writing look 'heavy' and bureaucratic.
The 'Doutor' Vibe
Using this phrase in Brazil might make people think you are a lawyer or a doctor. Use it to command respect in formal situations.
اختبر نفسك
Complete the sentence with the correct contraction (do, da, dos, das).
Em virtude ____ (o) mau tempo, o jogo foi adiado.
'Mau tempo' is masculine singular, so 'de + o' becomes 'do'.
Which sentence uses the correct register for a casual text to a friend?
Choose the most natural option:
'Por causa de' is the appropriate informal choice for friends.
Match the formal phrase with its informal equivalent.
Match the following:
These pairs represent the formal vs. informal ways to express the same concepts.
Fill in the blank in this professional dialogue.
Chefe: Por que o relatório não está pronto? Funcionário: Em virtude ______, não consegui acessar o sistema.
'De uma falha técnica' maintains the formal tone required by 'em virtude de'.
🎉 النتيجة: /4
وسائل تعلم بصرية
بنك التمارين
4 تمارينEm virtude ____ (o) mau tempo, o jogo foi adiado.
'Mau tempo' is masculine singular, so 'de + o' becomes 'do'.
Choose the most natural option:
'Por causa de' is the appropriate informal choice for friends.
طابق كل عنصر على اليسار مع زوجه على اليمين:
These pairs represent the formal vs. informal ways to express the same concepts.
Chefe: Por que o relatório não está pronto? Funcionário: Em virtude ______, não consegui acessar o sistema.
'De uma falha técnica' maintains the formal tone required by 'em virtude de'.
🎉 النتيجة: /4
الأسئلة الشائعة
10 أسئلةYes! While often used for problems (like cancellations), it is perfectly fine for positive causes, e.g., 'Em virtude do seu excelente desempenho, você foi promovido.'
It is always 'em virtude de'. The preposition 'de' is fixed in this locution.
'Em virtude de' is slightly more formal and 'heavier'. 'Devido a' is the standard formal choice for most business contexts.
Rarely. It usually introduces the cause, so it comes before the noun it modifies. It's almost always followed by something.
Only in very formal speeches, lectures, or news broadcasts. In daily conversation, it's very rare.
No, in this specific phrase, it means 'power', 'efficacy', or simply 'reason'.
You must use the infinitive form, e.g., 'Em virtude de ter chegado tarde...' (By virtue of having arrived late...).
Yes, it is equally common and understood in all Portuguese-speaking countries.
No, the correct form is 'em virtude de'. 'Por virtude de' is not a standard idiom.
No, 'em virtude de' or 'devido a' are much better for academic or formal essays.
عبارات ذات صلة
devido a
synonymdue to
em razão de
similarby reason of
por causa de
similarbecause of
visto que
builds onsince / given that
