Whose برای مالکیت: بندهای موصولی
whose یه کلمه جادوییه که کمک میکنه صاحب یه چیزو به اون چیز وصل کنی. باهاش جملههات «روانتر» میشن و دیگه لازم نیست هی اسمها رو تکرار کنی یا جملههای کوتاه کوتاه بگی. یادش بگیر تا «جملههات حرفهای» و «کلامت شیوا» باشه.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'whose' to replace possessive adjectives like 'his', 'her', or 'their' when connecting two sentences about ownership.
- Replace possessive words (his/her/its/their) with 'whose'. Example: 'The man whose car broke down.'
- Always place 'whose' immediately before the noun it possesses. Example: 'Whose + house'.
- Use it for both people and things to sound more natural. Example: 'A company whose profits grew.'
مرور کلی
This is Sarah. Her dog is famous.
whose میاد تا زندگی اجتماعیت رو نجات بده.این گرامر چطور کار میکنه
whose یک ضمیر موصولی ملکی هست.who محسوب میشه.his، her، its یا their رو میگیره.'s مالکیت میشه که برای اسمها به کار میبریم.- 1
I have a boss.
(من یه رئیس دارم.) - 2"The boss's car is always parked illegally." (ماشین رئیس همیشه غیرقانونی پارک شده.)
I have a boss whose car is always parked illegally.
الگوی ساخت
whose رو اضافه کن.
whose بیار.
Owner + whose + Owned Item/Person + Information
The YouTuber whose videos I watch is very funny.
whose و اون شیء، هیچ کلمهای مثل the یا a نمیاد.
whose the dog، فقط میگیم whose dog.
کی استفاده کنیم
He’s the guy whose laptop has all those weird stickers.I use an app whose notifications are actually helpful.I once worked for a manager whose leadership style was very inspiring.whose dance I'm trying to learn."That’s the cat whose meow sounds like a human screaming.whose hearts you broke) ازش استفاده نکن.
اشتباهات رایج
whose با who’s هست.Who’s مخفف who is یا who has هست.Whose فقط و فقط برای مالکیته.whose هست.The girl whose the car is red.The girl whose car is red.whose بیاد.The man whose is tallاصلاً معنی نمیده.
مقایسه با الگوهای مشابه
of which استفاده کنی یا نه.whose فقط برای آدمهاست.The car, the color of which is blue.
Of which بهشدت رسمیه و آدم رو یاد رمانهای عصر ویکتوریا میندازه.whose برای اشیاء کاملاً اوکیه.The house whose roof is leaking خیلی طبیعیتره.which مقایسه کن.Which اطلاعاتی درباره خودِ اون چیز میده، نه اینکه صاحبش کیه.The car which is fast در مقابل The car whose driver is fast.سؤالات رایج
آیا میتونم از whose برای صاحبان جمع استفاده کنم؟
بله! برای their هم جواب میده.
The students whose grades improved.
آیا برای جنسیتهای مختلف تغییر میکنه؟
نه. برای مردها، زنها، افراد نان-باینری و اشیاء همهاش یکسانه.
برای ایمیلهای رسمی مناسبه؟
قطعاً. باعث میشه نوشتهت خیلی منسجم و مرتب به نظر برسه.
میتونم توی سوالات ازش استفاده کنم؟
بله، ولی اون یه قانون یکم متفاوت داره (Whose phone is this?).
آیا همیشه قبلش ویرگول میاد؟
فقط در صورتی که اطلاعات اضافی باشه و برای شناسایی اون فرد ضروری نباشه.
میتونم برای شرکتها ازش استفاده کنم؟
بله،
The company whose CEO just resigned.
توی متن آهنگها رایجه؟
خیلی زیاد! ترانهسراها برای توصیفات شاعرانه عاشقش هستن.
میتونم برای ایدههای انتزاعی ازش استفاده کنم؟
بله،
A theory whose time has come.
اگه صاحب رو نشناسم چی؟
از یه ساختار دیگه استفاده کن، مثل
The owner of the dog.
توی انگلیسی بریتانیایی رایجتره یا آمریکایی؟
توی هر دو به یه اندازه رایجه و دقیقاً به یه شکل استفاده میشه.
Using 'Whose' to Replace Possessives
| Original Possessive | Relative Pronoun | Example Phrase | Full Clause |
|---|---|---|---|
|
his
|
whose
|
whose car
|
The man whose car is fast...
|
|
her
|
whose
|
whose sister
|
The girl whose sister is a doctor...
|
|
its
|
whose
|
whose roof
|
The house whose roof is red...
|
|
their
|
whose
|
whose parents
|
The kids whose parents are away...
|
|
John's
|
whose
|
whose phone
|
John, whose phone is broken...
|
|
the company's
|
whose
|
whose logo
|
The company whose logo is blue...
|
Meanings
A relative pronoun used to indicate that the following noun belongs to or is associated with the person or thing mentioned previously.
Human Possession
Used to show that a person owns something or has a relationship with someone.
“The woman whose bag was stolen called the police.”
Inanimate Possession
Used to describe parts or attributes of objects, organizations, or abstract concepts.
“It is a book whose ending is very surprising.”
Defining Relationships
Used to identify a specific person by mentioning their family or connections.
“The students whose parents are here may leave early.”
Reference Table
| جمله اصلی | کلمه مالکیت | ترکیب با "whose" |
|---|---|---|
|
I know a girl. Her sister is a model.
|
Her
|
I know a girl `whose` sister is a model.
|
|
He works for a firm. Its profits are huge.
|
Its
|
He works for a firm `whose` profits are huge.
|
|
That's the guy. His phone was stolen.
|
His
|
That's the guy `whose` phone was stolen.
|
|
They are the neighbors. Their dog barks.
|
Their
|
They are the neighbors `whose` dog barks.
|
|
This is the app. Its interface is clean.
|
Its
|
This is the app `whose` interface is clean.
|
|
I saw the artist. His mural went viral.
|
His
|
I saw the artist `whose` mural went viral.
|
|
We met the couple. Their wedding was on TV.
|
Their
|
We met the couple `whose` wedding was on TV.
|
طیف رسمیت
The individual whose vehicle was obstructing the entrance has been notified. (Parking situation)
The man whose car was blocking the driveway has moved it. (Parking situation)
The guy whose car was in the way finally moved. (Parking situation)
The dude whose ride was blocking us finally cleared out. (Parking situation)
The 'Whose' Connection
People
- The girl whose brother... Possession of a relative
Objects
- The car whose door... Possession of a part
Organizations
- The school whose rules... Possession of an attribute
Who vs. Whose
مثالها بر اساس سطح
The boy whose dog is big is my friend.
I like the girl whose hair is long.
The man whose car is red is here.
A teacher whose class is fun is good.
I have a neighbor whose cat always sleeps on my porch.
The woman whose phone rang was embarrassed.
Do you know the family whose house is on the corner?
The student whose book is lost is crying.
We visited a museum whose collection includes ancient gold.
The company, whose headquarters are in London, is hiring.
I met a writer whose latest novel is a bestseller.
The athlete whose career ended early became a coach.
It was a decision whose consequences were not yet clear.
The professor, whose research I admire, gave a lecture today.
They live in a city whose history dates back to the Romans.
The software, whose interface is very intuitive, is free to download.
He is a philosopher whose theories have shaped modern thought.
The project, whose primary objective is sustainability, received funding.
She is an artist whose work defies easy categorization.
The treaty, whose signatories include twenty nations, was signed yesterday.
The poem, whose rhythmic cadences evoke the sea, is a masterpiece.
It is a phenomenon whose origins remain shrouded in mystery.
The corporation, whose global reach is unparalleled, faces new regulations.
He is a statesman whose legacy will be debated for generations.
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
They sound identical, leading to frequent spelling errors even among native speakers.
Learners are often told 'whose' is only for people, so they use the clunky 'of which' for objects.
Both feel formal, so learners swap them randomly.
اشتباهات رایج
The boy who dog is big.
The boy whose dog is big.
The girl that her name is Kim.
The girl whose name is Kim.
Whose is this car?
Whose car is this?
The man whose is tall.
The man who is tall.
I know a man who's car is blue.
I know a man whose car is blue.
The house whose is red.
The house whose roof is red.
The people whose they live here.
The people who live here.
The company who's employees are happy.
The company whose employees are happy.
The car which its door is broken.
The car whose door is broken.
The man, whose I met his father.
The man whose father I met.
The theory, the implications whose are vast.
The theory, whose implications are vast.
A person whose I don't know the name.
A person whose name I don't know.
الگوهای جملهسازی
I have a friend whose ___ is ___.
The company whose ___ is ___ is located in ___.
He is an author whose ___ I have ___.
It was a situation whose ___ could not be ___.
Real World Usage
I want to work for a leader whose vision is inspiring.
Tag someone whose smile makes your day!
I'm calling about a package whose tracking number isn't working.
We are looking for a house whose garden is south-facing.
This is a theory whose validity is still being tested.
Looking for someone whose hobbies include hiking and travel.
قانون "بدون حرف تعریف"!
whose هیچوقت the یا a یا an نمیاد. همیشه مستقیم اسم رو میاری. مثلاً: whose dog درسته، نه whose the dog."whose" برای چیزا هم اوکیه!
whose فقط برای آدماست. ولی اصلاً گوش نده! تو انگلیسی امروز، استفاده از whose برای چیزایی مثل خونه یا ماشین کاملاً طبیعی و درسته. مثلاً: the house whose roof is blue.
تست "who is"!
whose و "who's« شک کردی، یه راه حل ساده هست: »who is« رو امتحان کن! اگه »who is« معنی داد، پس »who's« درسته. اگه نه، به احتمال زیاد باید »whose« رو استفاده کنی. مثلاً: »Who's coming to the party?"Smart Tips
Replace the word with 'who is'. If the sentence still makes sense, use 'who's'. If not, use 'whose'.
Use 'whose' to link the object to its parts. It sounds much more sophisticated.
It is almost 100% likely to be 'whose'.
Delete the possessive word and put 'whose' in its place to join them.
تلفظ
Homophone Alert
'Whose' is pronounced exactly like 'who's' (/huːz/). The context and the following noun are the only ways to tell them apart in speech.
Stress Pattern
In a relative clause, the stress usually falls on the noun following 'whose', not on 'whose' itself.
Non-defining pause
My brother [pause] whose wife is French [pause] lives in Paris.
The pauses (commas in writing) indicate extra, non-essential information.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Whose is for 'Who's the owner?' If you see a noun after the gap, 'whose' is the map!
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a person holding a golden leash that connects them to their dog. The leash is shaped like the word 'WHOSE', physically linking the owner to the possession.
Rhyme
If it's his, her, its, or their / Use 'whose' to show you care!
Story
A detective is looking for a thief. He finds a hat. He asks, 'Who is the man whose hat this is?' He uses 'whose' to bridge the man and the hat to solve the crime.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Look around your room. Pick three objects and describe them using 'whose'. (e.g., 'I have a desk whose surface is messy.')
نکات فرهنگی
In very formal British academic writing, some still prefer 'of which' for inanimate objects, but 'whose' is now widely accepted and preferred for better flow.
On platforms like Instagram or TikTok, 'whose' is frequently used in 'tag a friend' prompts.
Indian English speakers may use 'whose' in very formal or slightly archaic ways that are perfectly correct but less common in casual US/UK speech.
Derived from Old English 'hwæs', which was the genitive (possessive) form of 'hwa' (who).
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
Do you know anyone whose job is really unusual?
Have you ever stayed in a hotel whose service was terrible?
Can you name a movie whose ending you hated?
Who is a celebrity whose style you admire?
موضوعات نگارش
اشتباهات رایج
Test Yourself
The man ___ dog is barking won't wake up.
whose استفاده میکنیم.Select the grammatically correct sentence:
whose رو مستقیم با اسم میاریم. نه the اضافه میکنیم و نه از "who's" استفاده میکنیم.Find and fix the mistake:
The house who's roof is blue belongs to my uncle.
Score: /3
تمرینهای عملی
8 exercisesThe man ______ daughter is a doctor lives next door.
I don't know ______ going to the party, but I know the guy ______ house it is.
Find and fix the mistake:
The company who's logo is a bird is very famous.
I met a woman. Her son is a famous actor.
You can use 'whose' to describe objects and organizations, not just people.
A: Which car is yours? B: It's the one ______ lights are still on.
Pick the correct sentence.
Match the following:
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesI met a woman ___ brother is a famous chef.
The tree who's branches are broken might fall.
whose / I / the / car / know / man / was / stolen
Translate the sentence.
That's the actor ___ daughter is also famous.
Match the owner with the possession.
___ going to the party tonight?
The restaurant ___ food is amazing is closed today.
He is the artist whose the paintings are in the gallery.
whose / the / boss / resigned / company / is / struggling
Translate the sentence.
The mountain ___ peak is snowy is visible today.
Score: /12
سوالات متداول (8)
You can use it for both! While some old textbooks say 'whose' is only for people, in modern English, it is perfectly normal to say 'a house whose roof is red' or 'a company whose profits are high'.
'Whose' is for possession (like 'his'). 'Who's' is a contraction for 'who is' or 'who has'. They sound the same but are used differently.
No. Unlike 'that' or 'whom', you can never omit 'whose'. The sentence 'The man dog is big' is incorrect; you must say 'The man whose dog is big'.
It is neutral. It is used in both casual conversation and very formal writing. It is actually less formal than 'of which' when talking about objects.
Only if it is a 'non-defining' clause (extra information). 'My brother, whose car is blue, lives in London.' (Extra info). 'The man whose car is blue is my brother.' (Essential info).
Yes, but that is a different rule (Interrogative Pronouns). For example: 'Whose bag is this?' In relative clauses, it connects two parts of a sentence.
'Whose' stays the same! 'The parents whose children are playing...' It doesn't change for plural owners.
Only in extremely formal, old-fashioned academic writing. In 95% of cases, 'whose' is better because it is shorter and more natural.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
cuyo / cuya
English 'whose' is gender-neutral and doesn't change for plural nouns.
dont
English 'whose' is strictly for possession, while 'dont' has multiple functions.
dessen / deren
English 'whose' is much simpler as it ignores the gender of the owner.
no (の) within a relative clause
Japanese uses word order and particles instead of a specific relative pronoun like 'whose'.
Relative pronoun + noun + possessive suffix
English replaces the possessive adjective entirely, while Arabic keeps a version of it as a suffix.
de (的)
Chinese relative structures are placed before the noun they modify, whereas English 'whose' clauses follow the noun.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
ویدیوهای مرتبط
08:15 Mirror Bacteria Could Destroy All Life As We Know It
05:06 Why are there so many different kinds of dogs? - Kathleen Morrill Pirovich
05:46 The best way to become good at something might surprise you - David Epstein
WHO | WHOM | WHOSE | WHO'S - Important English Grammar Lesson!
English with Lucy
RELATIVE PRONOUNS | RELATIVE CLAUSES | ADJECTIVE CLAUSES - who, which, that, whose, whom
Arnel's Everyday English
Relative Pronouns | Learn Basic English
English Animated
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