پلهای فعلی: استفاده از 'to', 'for', و 'at' (فعل + حرف اضافه)
pair میکنی، انگلیسی گفتنت خیلی طبیعیتر میشه. سه تا کلمه کلیدی: natural, precise, pairings.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Think of prepositions as 'bridges' that connect a verb to its object; without the right bridge, the sentence collapses.
- Use 'to' for direction or recipients, like 'listen to music' or 'talk to me'.
- Use 'for' for purpose or waiting, like 'wait for the bus' or 'apply for a job'.
- Use 'at' for specific targets or skills, like 'look at the map' or 'laugh at a joke'.
مرور کلی
to ،for و at از پرکاربردترین این پلها هستند که نقش تعیینکنندهای در دقت و طبیعی جلوه دادن کلام شما دارند.listen music؛ حتماً باید از پل to استفاده کنیم: listen to music. یادگیری این ترکیبات ثابت (Fixed Collocations) به شما کمک میکند تا از ترجمه کلمه به کلمه از فارسی به انگلیسی فاصله بگیرید و مانند یک سخنور بومی (Native) منظور خود را برسانید.wait همیشه به پل for نیاز دارد تا به شخص یا شیء مورد نظر برسد.- حرف اضافه
toمعمولاً نشاندهنده جهت، انتقال یا ارتباط است. - حرف اضافه
forمعمولاً به علت، هدف یا بهرهمندی اشاره دارد. - حرف اضافه
atمعمولاً بر روی یک نقطه دقیق، هدف مستقیم یا واکنش لحظهای تمرکز میکند.
- 1اسم (Noun): مانند
I am waiting for the bus. - 2ضمیر (Pronoun): مانند
She is looking at him. - 3اسم مصدر (Gerund - ing): مانند
Thank you for helping me.(در اینجا فعل باingبه اسم تبدیل شده است).
The professor explained the project to the students. |I have been waiting for a taxi for ten minutes. |This app is used for tracking daily expenses. |Everyone laughed at the funny scene in the movie. |My colleague is excellent at managing time. |to- ارتباط و انتقال پیام: وقتی چیزی را به کسی میگویید یا توضیح میدهید.
I need to talk to the manager about my promotion.Could you please explain this grammar point to me?(نکته: در فارسی میگوییم «برای من توضیح بده»، اما در انگلیسی ازtoاستفاده میشود).- تعلق و وابستگی:
This historic house belongs to a famous artist.- واکنش نشان دادن:
How did she react to the news?(واکنش به سمتِ خبر است).- گوش دادن با دقت:
We should listen to the instructions before starting the exam.
for- انتظار کشیدن:
Are you waiting for the results of the university entrance exam (Konkur)?- درخواست کردن و جستجو:
I asked for a glass of water.She is searching for a new job in Tehran.- عذرخواهی یا تشکر:
He apologized for being late to the meeting.I want to thank you for your hospitality during Norouz.- پرداخت هزینه:
Who is going to pay for the dinner tonight?
at- نگاه کردن یا اشاره کردن:
Look at that beautiful sunset!The teacher pointed at the map on the wall.- واکنشهای احساسی به یک محرک:
I was surprised at his decision to quit his job.Don't smile at me like that!- بیان مهارت و توانایی:
She is really good at solving complex math problems.(در فارسی میگوییم «در ریاضی خوب است»، اما در انگلیسی ازatاستفاده میکنیم).- رسیدن به یک مکان کوچک یا مشخص:
The bus arrived at the station on time.
discuss about. اما در انگلیسی فعل discuss مستقیم به مفعول میچسبد.- اشتباه:
We discussed about the new project. - درست:
We discussed the new project.
to یا for را فراموش کنیم.- اشتباه:
I am listening music. - درست:
I am listening to music. - اشتباه:
I waited him for an hour. - درست:
I waited for him for an hour.
I am good in cooking. اما انگلیسیزبانان برای مهارتها از at استفاده میکنند.- اشتباه:
He is good in playing football. - درست:
He is good at playing football.
explain:explain me this. اما در انگلیسی explain همیشه به پل to نیاز دارد تا به شخص برسد.- اشتباه:
Can you explain me the rule? - درست:
Can you explain the rule to me?
to ،for یا at میتواند معنای جمله را تغییر دهد یا باعث سردرگمی شود. در اینجا چند تقابل مهم را بررسی میکنیم:to | با حرف اضافه at | تفاوت معنایی |Shout to someone | Shout at someone | to برای رساندن صدا از راه دور است؛ at نشاندهنده عصبانیت و پرخاش است. |Throw to someone | Throw at someone | to برای اینکه طرف مقابل بگیرد (بازی)؛ at برای آسیب زدن یا نشانه گرفتن. |to و for در بیان هدف بسیار مهم است:to+ فعل ساده: برای بیان قصد و نیت فاعل.I went to the store to buy milk.(رفتم که شیر بخرم).for+ اسم/Gerund: برای بیان کاربرد یک شیء یا علت یک موقعیت.This knife is for cutting bread.(این چاقو مخصوص نان است).He was punished for breaking the window.(به خاطر شکستن پنجره تنبیه شد).
good باید از at استفاده کنیم؟at استفاده میکنیم (مانند good at swimming). اما اگر بخواهیم بگوییم چیزی برای سلامتی یا برای کسی «خوب و مفید» است، از for استفاده میکنیم: Vegetables are good for you.arrive at و arrive in چیست؟arrive at برای مکانهای کوچک و مشخص مانند ایستگاه، فرودگاه یا هتل استفاده میکنیم. از arrive in برای مکانهای بزرگ جغرافیایی مانند شهرها و کشورها استفاده میشود: arrive in Tehran در مقابل arrive at the airport.I told to him؟tell برخلاف speak و talk و say ، یک فعل متعدی مستقیم است و نیازی به پل to ندارد. پس میگوییم: I told him the truth اما I said to him that... یا I talked to him.for همیشه به معنای «برای» است؟wait for یا search for ، این حرف اضافه بخشی از ساختار فعل است و نباید همیشه آن را به «برای» ترجمه کرد. در واقع در این ترکیبات، for نقش دستوری دارد تا معنایی.Common Verb + Preposition Pairings
| Verb | Preposition | Typical Object | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Listen
|
to
|
Music, People, Radio
|
Listen to me!
|
|
Wait
|
for
|
Bus, Person, Result
|
I'm waiting for you.
|
|
Look
|
at
|
Photo, Map, Person
|
Look at this.
|
|
Talk
|
to
|
Friend, Boss, Group
|
Talk to your doctor.
|
|
Apply
|
for
|
Job, Visa, Grant
|
Apply for the role.
|
|
Laugh
|
at
|
Joke, Situation
|
Don't laugh at him.
|
|
Belong
|
to
|
Person, Club, Category
|
It belongs to her.
|
|
Ask
|
for
|
Help, Money, Bill
|
Ask for the check.
|
Meanings
A prepositional verb is a combination of a standard verb and a specific preposition that must follow it to link to an object. The preposition is 'dependent' because the verb requires it to function correctly in that context.
Direction & Connection (To)
Used when the action is directed toward a person, place, or thing.
“Please explain this to me.”
“He apologized to his boss.”
Purpose & Benefit (For)
Used when the action is done with a specific goal, reason, or recipient in mind.
“I'm looking for my glasses.”
“They are waiting for the train.”
Targeted Action (At)
Used when an action is aimed directly at a specific point or person, often involving sight or sound.
“Don't shout at me!”
“Look at that beautiful sunset.”
Reference Table
| فعل | حرف اضافه | معنی/کاربرد | مثال |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Listen
|
to
|
صدا رو به سمتی هدایت کردن
|
I listen to music.
|
|
Talk
|
to
|
با کسی ارتباط برقرار کردن
|
She talks to her dog.
|
|
Apologize
|
to / for
|
از یک فرد عذرخواهی کردن / بابت یک دلیل پشیمانی ابراز کردن
|
He apologized to me for his mistake.
|
|
Wait
|
for
|
منتظر چیزی/کسی بودن
|
We waited for the bus.
|
|
Pay
|
for
|
در ازای چیزی پول دادن
|
Can you pay for dinner?
|
|
Look
|
at
|
نگاه رو به سمتی هدایت کردن
|
Look at that beautiful sunset.
|
|
Arrive
|
at
|
به یک مکان مشخص (کوچک/متوسط) رسیدن
|
They arrived at the hotel.
|
|
Smile
|
at
|
به سمت کسی لبخند زدن
|
She smiled at the baby.
|
طیف رسمیت
I would like to apply for the position. (employment)
I'm applying for the job. (employment)
I'm going for that job. (employment)
I'm hitting up that gig. (employment)
پلهای حرف اضافه فعل
TO (گیرنده/جهت)
- Listen to Listen to music
- Talk to Talk to friends
- Apologize to Apologize to someone
FOR (دلیل/هدف/منفعت)
- Wait for Wait for the bus
- Pay for Pay for coffee
- Thank for Thank for help
AT (هدف/مکان)
- Look at Look at a photo
- Arrive at Arrive at the airport
- Laugh at Laugh at a joke
فعل + حرف اضافه در مقابل فعل متعدی
انتخاب پل فعل مناسب
آیا فعل به طور طبیعی با یک حرف اضافه خاص جفت میشود؟
آیا فعل متعدی است (مفعول مستقیم میگیرد)؟
آیا حرف اضافه بیانگر هدف/دلیل کلی است (for + اسم مصدر) یا جهت/گیرنده خاص (to + اسم)؟
راهنمای سریع فعل + حرف اضافه
فعلها با TO
- • Listen to
- • Talk to
- • Apologize to
- • Belong to
- • Agree to
فعلها با FOR
- • Wait for
- • Pay for
- • Account for
- • Thank for
- • Ask for
فعلها با AT
- • Look at
- • Arrive at
- • Laugh at
- • Smile at
- • Aim at
فعلها بدون حرف اضافه (حواست باشه!)
- • Discuss
- • Enter
- • Approach
- • Marry
- • Emphasize
مثالها بر اساس سطح
I listen to music every day.
I listen to music every day.
Look at the board, please.
Look at the board, please.
Wait for me at the station.
Wait for me at the station.
I talk to my mother on Sundays.
I talk to my mother on Sundays.
Are you waiting for the bus?
Are you waiting for the bus?
She is looking for her keys.
She is looking for her keys.
He apologized to me for being late.
He apologized to me for being late.
Don't laugh at my hair!
Don't laugh at my hair!
I need to apply for a new passport.
I need to apply for a new passport.
Who does this book belong to?
Who does this book belong to?
They are shouting at each other again.
They are shouting at each other again.
I'll reply to your email by tomorrow.
I'll reply to your email by tomorrow.
The success of the project depends on everyone's contribution.
The success of the project depends on everyone's contribution.
She pointed at the man in the crowd.
She pointed at the man in the crowd.
I must apologize for the inconvenience caused.
I must apologize for the inconvenience caused.
He's always complaining about the weather.
He's always complaining about the weather.
We need to cater for all dietary requirements.
We need to cater for all dietary requirements.
The witness glanced at the suspect briefly.
The witness glanced at the suspect briefly.
I can't account for the missing funds.
I can't account for the missing funds.
She alluded to the problem without naming it.
She alluded to the problem without naming it.
The findings pertain to the earlier study conducted in 1994.
The findings pertain to the earlier study conducted in 1994.
He has a tendency to gloat at his rivals' failures.
He has a tendency to gloat at his rivals' failures.
The committee will deliberate on the proposals tomorrow.
The committee will deliberate on the proposals tomorrow.
I won't acquiesce to such unreasonable demands.
I won't acquiesce to such unreasonable demands.
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Learners often say 'I hear to music' or 'I listen the noise'.
Learners mix up searching for something with just seeing it.
Learners wonder if 'with' is better than 'to'.
اشتباهات رایج
I listen music.
I listen to music.
Look the photo.
Look at the photo.
Wait me.
Wait for me.
I talk him.
I talk to him.
I'm looking my keys.
I'm looking for my keys.
He laughed to me.
He laughed at me.
Ask to help.
Ask for help.
Explain me the rule.
Explain the rule to me.
It depends of you.
It depends on you.
I applied to the job.
I applied for the job.
I'll write you soon.
I'll write to you soon.
الگوهای جملهسازی
I am waiting for ___.
She apologized to ___ for ___.
Who does this ___ belong to?
I need to apply for ___ at ___.
Real World Usage
Wait for me! I'm 5 mins away.
I would like to apply for the Senior Developer role.
I'd like to apologize for the delay in your order.
Look at this amazing sunset I saw today!
You need to talk to a specialist about your back pain.
We are waiting for the tour guide to arrive.
Please listen to the instructions before starting the test.
I'm looking for a dress in a size medium.
تو موقعیت یاد بگیر
I listen to music every day.
حواست به فریبندهها باشه
We discussed the problem.(نه discussed about).
از دیکشنری زبانآموز استفاده کن
rely on.به ظرافتها گوش بده
Write me soon!صحبت کردن رو تمرین کن
I want to talk to you about something.
Smart Tips
Stop! Add a 'to'. It's always 'Explain TO me'.
Try using 'to'. Talk to, write to, speak to, reply to, apologize to.
Always use 'for'. Look for, search for, ask for.
Think of a target. Look at, laugh at, shout at, point at.
تلفظ
Weak forms
In natural speech, 'to' and 'for' are usually unstressed and pronounced with a schwa /ə/.
Linking
When a verb ends in a consonant and the preposition starts with a vowel (like 'at'), they link together.
Prepositional Stress
What are you looking AT? ↗
In questions, the preposition at the end often receives a slight stress and rising intonation.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
TO is for the ear and mouth (listen/talk), FOR is for the search and wait, AT is for the eyes and aim (look/point).
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a bridge made of the letters T-O connecting a mouth to an ear. Imagine a magnifying glass (looking FOR) and a target (looking AT).
Rhyme
When you listen, use a 'to'. When you wait, 'for' will do. If you look, use an 'at'. It's as simple as that!
Story
I was waiting FOR my friend at the park. I was looking AT the birds when I decided to listen TO some music. Suddenly, I had to look FOR my phone because it fell!
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Write 3 sentences about your morning using 'wait for', 'listen to', and 'look at'.
نکات فرهنگی
British speakers almost always say 'write to someone,' while Americans often omit the 'to' and say 'write someone.'
Using 'ask for' is essential for politeness. Simply saying 'I want the bill' is considered rude; 'I asked for the bill' is much better.
In many English-speaking cultures, 'shouting at' or 'pointing at' someone is considered aggressive or rude.
Most prepositional verbs in English come from Old English, where case endings (like in German) used to show the relationship between words. As English lost its case endings, prepositions became the 'glue' to replace them.
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
What kind of music do you like to listen to?
What are you looking for in a new job?
Who was the last person you talked to on the phone?
If you could apologize to anyone from your past, who would it be?
موضوعات نگارش
اشتباهات رایج
Test Yourself
I listened ___ the new album all day yesterday.
Find and fix the mistake:
We discussed about the weekend plans.
Translate into English: 'Ella llegó al aeropuerto a tiempo.'
Answer starts with: ["S...
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Score: /4
تمرینهای عملی
8 exercisesI am listening ___ the news on the radio.
Which sentence is correct?
Find and fix the mistake:
She apologized me for the mistake.
Who are you waiting?
1. Belong, 2. Laugh, 3. Apply
The verb 'explain' can be followed directly by a person (e.g., 'Explain me').
A: What are you looking ___? B: That strange bird over there!
Pick the odd one out.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
13 exercisesHe's very good ___ solving complex puzzles.
She entered into the meeting late.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Tenemos que pagar la cena.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the verbs with the correct preposition:
Could you account ___ the missing funds?
She's concentrating for her studies.
Which sentence is correct?
Translate into English: 'Ella se despidió de sus amigos.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match each verb with its matching preposition:
She's saving money ___ a new laptop.
Score: /13
سوالات متداول (8)
In English, 'listen' is an intransitive verb in this context, meaning it cannot take a direct object. It needs the preposition `to` to act as a bridge to the noun.
Use `look for` when you are searching for something you cannot see. Use `look at` when you are directing your eyes toward something you can see.
Both are correct. `Talk to` is more common and neutral. `Talk with` often implies a longer, two-way discussion and is more common in American English.
Yes! In modern, natural English, it is perfectly acceptable and actually preferred to end sentences with prepositions in questions and informal speech.
We use `for` for the thing we want to get (the goal) and `to` for the direction (the place or person receiving the application).
Usually, yes. `Shout at` implies anger or aggression. If you are just shouting because someone is far away, use `shout to`.
Yes, but `await` is very formal and does NOT take a preposition. You 'wait for' a letter, but you 'await' a letter.
No, you must use `to`. 'It belongs to me' is the only correct form to show possession with this verb.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
esperar / escuchar / mirar
English requires a prepositional 'bridge' where Spanish uses a direct object.
attendre / écouter / regarder
French learners often omit 'for' and 'at' in English.
warten auf / hören auf
The logic of which preposition to use differs significantly between the two languages.
〜を待つ (o matsu) / 〜を聞く (o kiku)
Japanese uses post-positional particles rather than pre-positional bridges.
استمع إلى (istama'a ila)
Some prepositions align perfectly, while others are completely different.
听 (tīng) / 等 (děng)
Chinese lacks the 'verb + preposition' requirement for these common actions.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
ویدیوهای مرتبط
11:53 The Life of a Showgirl Is Taylor Swift's Favorite Album
01:22 The Importance Of Being Earnest | Official Trailer | National Theatre Live
29:23 Denis Mukwege: Nobel Peace Prize lecture 2018 (English subtitles)
TO or FOR? Prepositions in English
Adam’s English Lessons · engVid
10 EASY Grammar Rules For PREPOSITIONS (in, at, on, to, for, etc.)
linguamarina
Grammar rules for prepositions | Common English Grammar Mistakes
WOW English
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