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A2 noun #1,000 پرکاربردترین 9 دقیقه مطالعه

सरकार

رتبه 1,000

At the A1 level, 'Sarkaar' is introduced as a simple noun meaning 'Government.' Students learn to identify it in basic sentences like 'This is the government' (Yeh sarkaar hai). The focus is on recognizing the word in the context of a country and understanding its feminine gender. You might use it to talk about who makes the rules in a very general sense. It is often paired with the verb 'hai' (is) or 'nahi hai' (is not).

At the A2 level, learners start using 'Sarkaar' in more functional sentences. You will learn to describe what the government does using simple present and future tenses. For example, 'Sarkaar madad karti hai' (The government helps). You also begin to use the adjective form 'Sarkari' (governmental) to describe schools, hospitals, and jobs. This level focuses on the government's role in daily life and basic civic awareness.

By B1, you can discuss the government's impact on society. You use 'Sarkaar' with postpositions like 'ne' (ergative), 'ko' (to), and 'se' (from/with). You can express opinions about government policies: 'Mujhe lagta hai ki sarkaar ko tax kam karna chahiye' (I think the government should reduce tax). You also start distinguishing between 'Kendra Sarkaar' (Central) and 'Rajya Sarkaar' (State).

At B2, 'Sarkaar' is used in complex discussions about politics, economics, and social issues. You can talk about 'Gathbandhan ki sarkaar' (Coalition government) or 'Sarkaar ki vafadaari' (Loyalty to the government). You understand the nuances of political debates and can summarize news reports that use 'Sarkaar' as a metonym for the ruling party. You are comfortable with the feminine agreement in all tenses.

At the C1 level, you use 'Sarkaar' in academic and professional contexts. You can analyze the 'Sarkaar ki neetiyaan' (Government policies) in depth, discussing their long-term implications. You use synonyms like 'Shaasan' and 'Prashaasan' appropriately based on the register. You can understand political satire and complex legal documents where 'Sarkaar' represents the state in litigation.

At C2, you have a native-like grasp of 'Sarkaar.' You understand its historical etymology and how its meaning has shifted from 'Lordship' to 'State Administration.' You can use the word in high-level political science discussions, philosophical debates about the role of the state, and classical literature. You are aware of the subtle connotations 'Sarkaar' carries in different regional dialects of Hindi.

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

सरकार در ۳۰ ثانیه

Sarkaar is the Hindi word for 'Government,' used to describe the ruling body of a country or state.
Grammatically, it is a feminine noun, requiring feminine adjectives (e.g., achhi) and verb forms (e.g., rahi hai).
The word has Persian roots and historically referred to a lord or master, a sense still found in literature.
It is frequently used in news, politics, and daily life to refer to public services and administrative decisions.

The Hindi word सरकार (Sarkaar) is a cornerstone of political and social discourse in India. At its most basic level, it translates to 'Government.' However, its usage spans far beyond the bureaucratic structures of a nation. It encompasses the executive branch, the ruling party, and the very concept of authority. When an Indian citizen says 'Sarkaar,' they are often referring to the entity that provides services, collects taxes, and makes laws. It is a feminine noun, which is a crucial grammatical point for learners to master early on.

Institutional Context: In modern India, 'Sarkaar' refers to the elected body at the central or state level. For example, 'Bharat Sarkaar' (Government of India) or 'Dilli Sarkaar' (Delhi Government). It represents the machinery of the state that manages public affairs.

नई सरकार अगले महीने शपथ लेगी। (The new government will take the oath next month.)

Historically, 'Sarkaar' was also used as a title of respect for a master, lord, or a person of high authority. While this usage is less common in urban modern Hindi, you will still encounter it in historical dramas, literature, and rural dialects where it signifies a 'provider' or 'lord.' This dual meaning adds a layer of weight to the word; it isn't just a cold administrative term; it carries the historical baggage of power and patronage. In daily life, you'll hear it in discussions about 'Sarkari Naukri' (Government jobs), which are highly coveted in India for their stability and benefits.

Social Connotation: The word is often used by the common man to address the 'system.' If someone is frustrated with bureaucracy, they might blame the 'Sarkaar' generally, rather than a specific official.

सरकार को गरीबों की मदद करनी चाहिए। (The government should help the poor.)

In the context of the CEFR A2 level, you should focus on using 'Sarkaar' to describe basic civic duties and news. It is one of the first 'big' nouns learners encounter that transitions them from talking about the home to talking about the world. Understanding 'Sarkaar' allows you to read headlines, understand political announcements, and participate in basic social discussions. It is frequently paired with verbs like 'banana' (to form), 'girna' (to fall/collapse), and 'chalana' (to run/operate).

क्या आप सरकार के फैसले से सहमत हैं? (Do you agree with the government's decision?)

Political Register: In formal debates, 'Sarkaar' is used to distinguish the ruling party from the 'Vipaksh' (Opposition). It is the entity responsible for the 'Budget' and 'Kanoon' (Law).

पिछली सरकार ने बहुत काम किया था। (The previous government had done a lot of work.)

यह सरकार शिक्षा पर ध्यान दे रही है। (This government is focusing on education.)

Using सरकार (Sarkaar) correctly requires an understanding of Hindi's gender-based grammar. Since 'Sarkaar' is feminine, all associated verbs and adjectives must reflect this. For instance, you say 'Sarkaar aayi' (The government came) rather than 'Sarkaar aaya.' This section explores various sentence structures, from simple A1-level statements to complex C2-level political analyses.

Subject-Verb Agreement: When 'Sarkaar' is the subject, the verb takes the feminine ending. Example: 'Sarkaar kaam kar rahi hai' (The government is working).

सरकार ने नई नीति घोषित की है। (The government has announced a new policy.)

In the sentence above, notice the use of 'ne.' When 'Sarkaar' is followed by the ergative marker 'ne' in the perfective tense, the verb agrees with the object ('neeti' - policy, which is also feminine). If the object were masculine, like 'kaanoon' (law), it would be 'Sarkaar ne kaanoon banaya.' This is a common point of confusion for learners: the 'ne' marker makes the verb agree with the object, not the subject 'Sarkaar.'

Possessive Usage: To say 'Government's,' use 'ki' because 'Sarkaar' is feminine. Example: 'Sarkaar ki yojana' (Government's scheme).

हमें सरकार की मदद करनी चाहिए। (We should help the government.)

When using 'Sarkaar' in the plural (Sarkaaren), it refers to multiple governments, such as those of different states. 'Vibhinn rajyon ki sarkaaren' (Governments of various states). In the oblique case (when followed by a postposition like 'ko', 'se', 'mein'), 'Sarkaar' remains 'Sarkaar' in the singular, but becomes 'Sarkaaron' in the plural. For example, 'Sarkaaron ko milkar kaam karna hoga' (Governments will have to work together).

लोकतंत्र में सरकार जनता के प्रति जवाबदेह होती है। (In a democracy, the government is accountable to the people.)

Common Verb Pairings: Sarkaar banana (to form govt), Sarkaar chalana (to run govt), Sarkaar girana (to topple govt).

गठबंधन की सरकार चलाना मुश्किल होता है। (It is difficult to run a coalition government.)

क्या सरकार टैक्स बढ़ाएगी? (Will the government increase taxes?)

If you turn on an Indian news channel like NDTV India or Aaj Tak, सरकार (Sarkaar) is likely the most frequent noun you will hear. It dominates the 'Samachaar' (News) cycle. From debates about the 'Kendra Sarkaar' (Central Government) to local reports on the 'Rajya Sarkaar' (State Government), the word is ubiquitous. In this context, it is often used as a metonym for the Prime Minister or Chief Minister and their cabinet.

News & Media: News anchors use 'Sarkaar' to refer to the executive's actions. Headlines like 'Sarkaar ka bada faisla' (Government's big decision) are daily occurrences.

आज सरकार संसद में बिल पेश करेगी। (Today the government will present the bill in Parliament.)

In the streets of India, 'Sarkaar' is heard in the context of 'Sarkari' (Governmental) services. People talk about 'Sarkari Aspatal' (Government Hospital), 'Sarkari School' (Government School), and 'Sarkari Daftar' (Government Office). Here, the word carries a connotation of being public, often affordable, but sometimes plagued by 'Lal Feetashahi' (Red Tapism). When someone says 'Sarkari kaam hai, samay lagega' (It's government work, it will take time), they are expressing a common cultural sentiment about bureaucratic delays.

Movies & Pop Culture: Bollywood has many movies titled 'Sarkar' (notably the Amitabh Bachchan series), where the word refers to a powerful, extra-constitutional patriarch who acts as a parallel government.

वो खुद को इस इलाके की सरकार समझता है। (He considers himself the government of this area.)

In rural India, 'Sarkaar' is still sometimes used as a direct address of respect to a superior or a benefactor, though this is fading. In historical literature or period films set during the British Raj or the Mughal era, you will hear subjects addressing the King or the Governor as 'Sarkaar.' This usage highlights the word's origin as a term for 'Lordship' or 'The Presence.' Understanding this helps you appreciate the gravitas the word holds even in modern administrative contexts.

जो हुकुम, सरकार! (As you command, my Lord/Government!)

Legal & Official Documents: In courtrooms, cases are often titled 'Banaam Sarkaar' (Versus the State/Government). It is the ultimate legal entity.

यह संपत्ति सरकार के अधीन है। (This property is under the government.)

सरकार को अपनी गलती माननी चाहिए। (The government should admit its mistake.)

The most frequent mistake English speakers make with सरकार (Sarkaar) is related to its grammatical gender. In English, 'government' is neuter. In Hindi, it is feminine. This leads to errors in adjective and verb agreement. Many students say 'Sarkaar achha hai' (The government is good - masculine) instead of the correct 'Sarkaar achhi hai' (feminine).

Gender Confusion: Wrong: Sarkaar badal gaya. Right: Sarkaar badal gayi. (The government changed.)

हमारी सरकार बहुत मजबूत है। (Our government is very strong.)

Another common error is confusing the noun 'Sarkaar' with the adjective 'Sarkari.' 'Sarkaar' is the entity, while 'Sarkari' describes something belonging to or related to the government. You cannot say 'Main Sarkaar daftar gaya' (I went to the government office); you must say 'Main Sarkari daftar gaya.' Conversely, you cannot say 'Sarkari ne kanoon banaya'; it must be 'Sarkaar ne kanoon banaya.'

Pluralization Errors: Learners often forget the oblique plural form 'Sarkaaron.' When using a postposition, 'Sarkaaren' becomes 'Sarkaaron'. Example: 'Sarkaaron ke beech samjhauta' (Agreement between governments).

दोनों सरकारों ने संधि पर हस्ताक्षर किए। (Both governments signed the treaty.)

Mispronunciation is also a hurdle. English speakers often over-emphasize the 'r' or pronounce the 'a' sounds incorrectly. The first 'a' in 'Sarkaar' is short (like 'u' in 'but'), and the second 'aa' is long (like 'a' in 'father'). It should sound like 'Ser-kaar,' not 'Sar-kar.' Additionally, avoid using 'Sarkaar' when you specifically mean the 'Country' (Desh) or the 'Nation' (Rashtra). The government is just the managing body, not the land itself.

क्या आप सरकार के लिए काम करते हैं? (Do you work for the government?)

Confusion with 'Shaasan': While 'Shaasan' means 'Rule' or 'Governance,' 'Sarkaar' is the 'Government' (the body). Don't use 'Sarkaar' to mean the act of ruling.

सरकार की आलोचना करना लोकतंत्र का हिस्सा है। (Criticizing the government is part of democracy.)

लोग सरकार से खुश नहीं हैं। (People are not happy with the government.)

While सरकार (Sarkaar) is the most common word for government, Hindi offers several synonyms and related terms that vary in register and nuance. Knowing these will help you understand more formal texts and poetic expressions.

शासन (Shaasan): Meaning 'Governance' or 'Rule.' It is more formal than 'Sarkaar.' While 'Sarkaar' is the body, 'Shaasan' is the act of governing. Example: 'Achha shaasan' (Good governance).
प्रशासन (Prashaasan): Meaning 'Administration.' This refers to the bureaucratic machinery and civil services. You hear this in 'Zila Prashaasan' (District Administration).
राज (Raaj): Meaning 'Kingdom' or 'Reign.' Often used historically, like 'British Raaj.' In modern contexts, it can mean 'secret' (written as 'raaz'), so be careful with the 'j' vs 'z' sound.

इस देश में कानून का शासन है। (There is the rule of law in this country.)

Another word often confused with 'Sarkaar' is 'Satta' (Power/Authority). While 'Sarkaar' is the institution, 'Satta' is the political power they hold. A party is said to be 'Satta mein' (in power). If a government falls, they lose 'Satta.' Then there is 'Hukumat,' an Urdu-origin word meaning 'Rule' or 'Command,' often used in a more forceful or imperial sense.

राज्य (Raajya): Meaning 'State.' This can refer to a province (like Punjab) or the 'State' as a political concept. 'Raajya Sarkaar' means State Government.

हमें प्रशासन के नियमों का पालन करना चाहिए। (We should follow the rules of the administration.)

In a democracy, you will also hear 'Loktantra' (Democracy) and 'Ganatantra' (Republic). These describe the *type* of government. If you are talking about the people who work for the government, use 'Sarkari Karmachari' (Government Employees). Understanding these distinctions will make your Hindi sound much more precise and sophisticated.

विपक्ष सरकार पर दबाव डाल रहा है। (The opposition is putting pressure on the government.)

मुगल हुकूमत सदियों तक चली। (The Mughal rule lasted for centuries.)

چقدر رسمی است؟

رسمی

"भारत सरकार इस विषय पर विचार कर रही है।"

خنثی

"सरकार ने नए टैक्स लगाए हैं।"

غیر رسمی

"भाई, सरकार तो बस पैसे खाना जानती है।"

Child friendly

"सरकार हमारे लिए अच्छे पार्क बनाती है।"

عامیانه

"ऊपर वाली सरकार सब देख रही है।"

نکته جالب

During the Mughal era, 'Sarkaar' was also a geographical administrative unit, similar to a district, which was a sub-division of a 'Subah' (province). So, the word has referred to both the person in power and the land they governed.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /səɾ.kɑːɾ/

US /sər.kɑːr/

The stress is slightly more on the second syllable 'kaar' because of the long vowel.

هم‌قافیه با

कार (Kaar - Car) पार (Paar - Across) हार (Haar - Defeat/Garland) तार (Taar - Wire) मार (Maar - Beating) यार (Yaar - Friend) धार (Dhaar - Edge/Stream) भार (Bhaar - Weight)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing the first 'a' as a long 'aa' (Saar-kaar).
Pronouncing the final 'r' as a heavy American 'r' with the tongue curled back too far.
Aspirating the 'k' (making it sound like 'kh').
Treating it as a masculine word in grammar.
Confusing the short 'a' and long 'aa' sounds.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 2/5

The word is easy to recognize in print as it appears frequently in headlines.

نوشتن 3/5

Requires remembering the feminine gender and the correct spelling of the 'aa' vowel.

صحبت کردن 2/5

Pronunciation is straightforward once the schwa and long 'aa' are mastered.

گوش دادن 1/5

Very easy to hear in news and public announcements.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

देश (Desh - Country) काम (Kaam - Work) नियम (Niyam - Rule) लोग (Log - People) है (Hai - Is)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

मंत्री (Mantri - Minister) चुनाव (Chunaav - Election) संविधान (Samvidhaan - Constitution) अदालत (Adalat - Court) अधिकार (Adhikar - Right)

پیشرفته

नौकरशाही (Naukarsahi - Bureaucracy) संप्रभुता (Sampraubhutaa - Sovereignty) जनादेश (Janadesh - Mandate) अध्यादेश (Adhyadesh - Ordinance) राजकोषीय (Rajkoshiya - Fiscal)

گرامر لازم

Feminine Noun Agreement

Sarkaar achhi hai (The government is good).

Ergative 'ne' with Feminine Subject

Sarkaar ne kanoon banaya (The government made a law - verb matches masc 'kanoon').

Oblique Plural Formation

Sarkaaron ko (To the governments).

Adjective formation with '-i' suffix

Sarkaar -> Sarkari (Governmental).

Possessive 'ki' for Feminine Nouns

Sarkaar ki neeti (Government's policy).

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

यह भारत की सरकार है।

This is the government of India.

Simple possessive 'ki' used with feminine 'sarkaar'.

सरकार कहाँ है?

Where is the government?

Basic interrogative sentence.

सरकार अच्छी है।

The government is good.

Feminine adjective 'achhi' matches 'sarkaar'.

वह सरकारी स्कूल है।

That is a government school.

Adjective 'sarkari' derived from 'sarkaar'.

सरकार काम करती है।

The government works.

Feminine verb ending 'ti' matches 'sarkaar'.

मेरी सरकार।

My government.

Feminine possessive pronoun 'meri'.

सरकार बड़ी है।

The government is big.

Feminine adjective 'badi'.

क्या यह सरकार है?

Is this the government?

Simple 'kya' question.

सरकार नए नियम बना रही है।

The government is making new rules.

Present continuous feminine 'rahi hai'.

सरकार ने गरीबों को खाना दिया।

The government gave food to the poor.

Use of 'ne' marker with past tense.

कल सरकार छुट्टी देगी।

The government will give a holiday tomorrow.

Future tense feminine 'degi'.

सरकार अस्पताल बना रही है।

The government is building a hospital.

Feminine agreement with 'sarkaar'.

हमें सरकार की बात माननी चाहिए।

We should listen to the government.

Use of 'ki' for possession.

सरकार बहुत पैसा खर्च करती है।

The government spends a lot of money.

Present habit 'karti hai'.

क्या सरकार मदद करेगी?

Will the government help?

Future interrogative.

सरकार ने नया कानून बनाया।

The government made a new law.

Verb 'banaya' matches masculine 'kaanoon' because of 'ne'.

सरकार को शिक्षा पर अधिक ध्यान देना चाहिए।

The government should pay more attention to education.

Use of 'ko' with 'chahiye' (should).

अगर सरकार मदद नहीं करती, तो हम क्या करते?

If the government didn't help, what would we have done?

Conditional sentence.

सरकार की नीतियों से व्यापार बढ़ेगा।

Trade will increase due to government policies.

Plural feminine 'neetiyaan' with 'ki'.

लोग सरकार के खिलाफ प्रदर्शन कर रहे हैं।

People are protesting against the government.

Compound postposition 'ke khilaaf'.

सरकार ने बिजली के दाम बढ़ा दिए हैं।

The government has increased electricity prices.

Compound verb 'badha diye'.

क्या आप सरकार की योजना के बारे में जानते हैं?

Do you know about the government's scheme?

Use of 'ke baare mein'.

सरकार सड़कों की मरम्मत करवा रही है।

The government is getting the roads repaired.

Causative verb 'karva rahi hai'.

पिछली सरकार ने यह वादा किया था।

The previous government had made this promise.

Past perfect tense.

गठबंधन की सरकार अक्सर अस्थिर होती है।

A coalition government is often unstable.

Use of 'asthir' (unstable) as an adjective.

सरकार को भ्रष्टाचार रोकने के लिए कड़े कदम उठाने होंगे।

The government will have to take strict steps to stop corruption.

Future necessity 'uthane honge'.

इस मुद्दे पर सरकार और विपक्ष में बहस हुई।

There was a debate between the government and the opposition on this issue.

Use of 'mein' for location/context.

सरकार की सफलता उसकी आर्थिक नीतियों पर निर्भर करती है।

The government's success depends on its economic policies.

Verb 'nirbhar karti hai' (depends).

सरकार ने विदेशी निवेश को बढ़ावा देने का फैसला किया।

The government decided to promote foreign investment.

Infinitive 'dene ka' used as an object.

जनता सरकार से पारदर्शिता की उम्मीद करती है।

The public expects transparency from the government.

Abstract noun 'paardarshtaa'.

सरकार ने पर्यावरण संरक्षण के लिए नया कानून पारित किया।

The government passed a new law for environmental protection.

Compound postposition 'ke liye'.

क्या सरकार इस संकट को संभाल पाएगी?

Will the government be able to handle this crisis?

Potential auxiliary 'paayegi'.

सरकार की स्वायत्तता पर सवाल उठाए जा रहे हैं।

Questions are being raised about the government's autonomy.

Passive voice 'uthaye ja rahe hain'.

सरकार ने राजकोषीय घाटे को कम करने का लक्ष्य रखा है।

The government has set a target to reduce the fiscal deficit.

Economic terminology 'rajkoshiya ghata'.

लोकतांत्रिक मूल्यों की रक्षा करना सरकार का परम कर्तव्य है।

Protecting democratic values is the supreme duty of the government.

Formal register 'param kartavya'.

सरकार और न्यायपालिका के बीच शक्तियों का बंटवारा स्पष्ट है।

The division of powers between the government and the judiciary is clear.

Political science concept 'shaktiyon ka bantwara'.

सरकार की नीतियों में निरंतरता का अभाव दिख रहा है।

A lack of continuity is visible in the government's policies.

Abstract noun 'nirantarata' (continuity).

सरकार ने तकनीकी नवाचार को प्रोत्साहित करने के लिए कोष बनाया है।

The government has created a fund to encourage technological innovation.

Formal verb 'protsahit karna'.

सरकार की विदेश नीति राष्ट्रीय हितों पर आधारित है।

The government's foreign policy is based on national interests.

Adjective 'aadhaarit' (based).

सरकार ने सामाजिक कल्याण के लिए व्यापक सुधार किए हैं।

The government has made extensive reforms for social welfare.

Adjective 'vyaapak' (extensive).

सरकार की वैधता अक्सर जनमत के उतार-चढ़ाव पर टिकी होती है।

The legitimacy of the government often rests on the fluctuations of public opinion.

High-level vocabulary 'vaidhtaa' (legitimacy).

संघीय ढांचे में केंद्र और राज्य सरकारों के बीच समन्वय अनिवार्य है।

In a federal structure, coordination between central and state governments is mandatory.

Complex sentence structure with 'anivaarya' (mandatory).

सरकार ने नौकरशाही की जड़ता को तोड़ने के लिए आमूल-चूल परिवर्तन किए।

The government made radical changes to break the inertia of the bureaucracy.

Idiomatic expression 'aamul-chul parivartan'.

अधिनायकवादी सरकारें अक्सर अभिव्यक्ति की स्वतंत्रता का दमन करती हैं।

Authoritarian governments often suppress freedom of expression.

Political term 'adhinaayakvaadi' (authoritarian).

सरकार की आर्थिक संप्रभुता वैश्वीकरण के दौर में चुनौतीपूर्ण है।

The government's economic sovereignty is challenging in the era of globalization.

Philosophical concept 'sampraubhutaa' (sovereignty).

सरकार ने हाशिए पर खड़े समुदायों के सशक्तिकरण के लिए विशेष प्रावधान किए।

The government made special provisions for the empowerment of marginalized communities.

Metaphorical 'haashiye par khade' (marginalized).

सरकार की कार्यप्रणाली में पारदर्शिता सुनिश्चित करना एक सतत प्रक्रिया है।

Ensuring transparency in the government's functioning is a continuous process.

Gerund-like use of 'sunishchit karna'.

सरकार ने भू-राजनीतिक अस्थिरता के मद्देनजर रक्षा बजट में वृद्धि की।

In view of geopolitical instability, the government increased the defense budget.

Formal phrase 'ke maddenazar' (in view of).

ترکیب‌های رایج

केंद्र सरकार

राज्य सरकार

सरकारी नौकरी

सरकार बनाना

सरकार गिरना

सरकारी अस्पताल

सरकार की नीति

गठबंधन सरकार

सरकार चलाना

सरकारी संपत्ति

عبارات رایج

सरकार जाने

सरकार की जय हो

सरकार दरबारी

सफेद हाथी (Sarkari context)

सरकार का इकबाल

सरकार के कान पर जूँ न रेंगना

सरकारी मेहमान

सरकार माई-बाप

सरकार की लाठी

सरकारी काम

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

सरकार vs देश (Desh)

Desh means 'Country' (the land/people). Sarkaar is the 'Government' (the ruling body). Don't say 'Sarkaar bahut sundar hai' if you mean the country's scenery.

सरकार vs राज्य (Raajya)

Raajya means 'State'. While often used together (Rajya Sarkaar), Raajya refers to the territory or the political concept of the state, not just the current administration.

सरकार vs जनता (Janta)

Janta means 'Public'. It is the opposite of Sarkaar in a democratic context. Learners sometimes swap them when trying to say 'the people in charge'.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"सरकार की आँखों का तारा"

To be a favorite of the government/authorities.

वह अफसर आजकल सरकार की आँखों का तारा बना हुआ है।

Informal

"सरकार को चूना लगाना"

To defraud or cheat the government (e.g., tax evasion).

टैक्स न भरकर वह सरकार को चूना लगा रहा है।

Colloquial

"सरकार के तलवे चाटना"

To flatter the government excessively for personal gain.

कुछ पत्रकार सिर्फ सरकार के तलवे चाटते हैं।

Derogatory

"सरकार की नाक के नीचे"

Right under the government's nose (happening without them noticing or stopping it).

राजधानी में सरकार की नाक के नीचे भ्रष्टाचार हो रहा है।

Common

"सरकार का हाथ होना"

To have the backing or involvement of the government.

इस घोटाले में किसी बड़े नेता का हाथ हो सकता है।

Common

"सरकार की नींद उड़ना"

To cause the government to lose sleep (to worry them greatly).

छात्रों के आंदोलन ने सरकार की नींद उड़ा दी है।

Journalistic

"सरकार को घुटनों पर लाना"

To force the government to surrender or give in to demands.

किसानों ने अपनी एकता से सरकार को घुटनों पर ला दिया।

Political

"सरकार का पल्ला पकड़ना"

To seek the protection or support of the government.

मुसीबत में उसने सरकार का पल्ला पकड़ा।

Literary

"सरकार की लुटिया डूबना"

The government's reputation or power being completely ruined.

इस घोटाले के बाद सरकार की लुटिया डूब गई।

Slang/Informal

"सरकार का डंडा चलना"

The government using its power or force strictly.

दंगों के बाद शहर में सरकार का डंडा चला।

Colloquial

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

सरकार vs सरकारी (Sarkari)

Noun vs Adjective.

Sarkaar is the government itself. Sarkari is an adjective meaning 'of the government'.

Sarkaar (noun) ne Sarkari (adj) school banaya.

सरकार vs शासक (Shaasak)

Institution vs Person.

Sarkaar is the institution. Shaasak is the individual ruler.

Sarkaar ek sanstha hai, par raja ek shaasak tha.

सरकार vs राज (Raaj)

Rule vs Government.

Raaj refers to the period or act of ruling. Sarkaar is the body that does it.

British Raaj ke samay sarkaar London se chalti thi.

सरकार vs सता (Satta)

Power vs Government.

Satta is the abstract concept of power. Sarkaar is the concrete body holding it.

Sarkaar satta mein hai.

सरकार vs समाज (Samaj)

Society vs Government.

Samaj is the community of people. Sarkaar is the administrative body.

Samaj ko sarkaar ki zaroorat hoti hai.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

[Subject] [Sarkaar] hai.

Yeh sarkaar hai.

[Sarkaar] [Object] [Verb-ti/rahi] hai.

Sarkaar madad kar rahi hai.

[Sarkaar] ne [Object] [Verb-past].

Sarkaar ne naya kanoon banaya.

[Sarkaar] ko [Verb-na] chahiye.

Sarkaar ko garibi mitani chahiye.

[Sarkaar] ki [Abstract Noun] [Verb].

Sarkaar की कार्यप्रणाली सराहनीय है।

[Adjective] [Sarkaar] [Postposition] [Complex Clause].

लोकतांत्रिक सरकार में जनता की भागीदारी अनिवार्य है।

General

Sarkari [Noun]

Sarkari naukri.

General

[Place] ki Sarkaar

Bihar ki sarkaar.

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

فعل‌ها

صفت‌ها

مرتبط

نحوه استفاده

frequency

Extremely high in news, education, and social discussions.

اشتباهات رایج

Sarkaar achha hai. → Sarkaar achhi hai.
'Sarkaar' is feminine, so the adjective must be 'achhi'.
Main sarkaar daftar gaya. → Main sarkari daftar gaya.
Use the adjective 'sarkari' to describe the office, not the noun 'sarkaar'.
Sarkaar ne kanoon banayi. → Sarkaar ne kanoon banaya.
With 'ne', the verb agrees with the object 'kanoon' (masculine), not the subject 'sarkaar'.
Voh desh ki sarkaar hai. → Voh desh ki sarkaar hai. (Wait, this is correct, but learners often use 'sarkaar' to mean the land itself).
Don't use 'sarkaar' when you mean 'desh' (country).
Sarkaaren ko madad karni chahiye. → Sarkaaron ko madad karni chahiye.
In the oblique plural (with 'ko'), 'sarkaaren' must change to 'sarkaaron'.

نکات

Gender Check

Always treat 'Sarkaar' as feminine. This affects adjectives like 'nayi' (new) and verbs like 'aayi' (came).

Noun vs Adjective

Use 'Sarkaar' for the entity and 'Sarkari' for anything belonging to it (e.g., Sarkari school).

Maay-Baap Concept

Understand that 'Sarkaar' in India often implies a provider role, not just an administrative one.

Vowel Length

The first 'a' is short (schwa), the second 'aa' is long. Ser-KAAR.

Formal Synonyms

In formal writing, use 'Shaasan' for 'Rule' and 'Prashaasan' for 'Administration'.

News Keywords

Listen for 'Kendra' (Central) or 'Rajya' (State) before 'Sarkaar' to know which level is being discussed.

Respectful Address

While rare now, 'Sarkaar' can be a very respectful way to address someone in a historical role-play.

Postpositions

Remember that 'Sarkaar' doesn't change in the singular oblique (Sarkaar ko), but does in plural (Sarkaaron ko).

Metonymy

When the news says 'Sarkaar ne kaha', they are referring to the executive branch's statement.

Head of Work

Remember Sar (Head) + Kaar (Work) = Head of Work = Government.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of a 'SAR' (Head) who is in 'KAAR' (Charge of work). The Head of Work is the Government. SAR-KAAR.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a large 'SAR' (Head) wearing a crown, sitting in a 'CAR' (Kaar) that has a government flag on it. The Head in the Car is the Sarkaar.

شبکه واژگان

Sarkaar Kanoon (Law) Naukri (Job) Tax (Tax) Mantri (Minister) Desh (Country) Neta (Leader) Vipaksh (Opposition)

چالش

Try to find three 'Sarkari' things on your way to work or school today. Is it a bus? A building? A sign? Say 'Yeh sarkari hai' to yourself.

ریشه کلمه

The word 'Sarkaar' comes from Persian 'Sar-kār'. 'Sar' means 'head' or 'top', and 'kār' means 'work', 'affair', or 'authority'. Thus, it literally translates to 'the head of affairs' or 'supreme authority'.

معنای اصلی: In Persian, it originally referred to a master, a lord, or a high-ranking official's household/estate. It was a title of address for someone in power.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Persian (loanword in Hindi/Urdu).

بافت فرهنگی

Be aware that criticizing the 'Sarkaar' can be a sensitive political topic in certain contexts. In formal settings, use respectful language.

In English-speaking countries, 'Government' is often seen as a necessary administrative body. In India, 'Sarkaar' often carries a more paternalistic or authoritative weight.

Movie: 'Sarkar' (2005) starring Amitabh Bachchan, portraying a powerful political figure. Slogan: 'Abki Baar, [Party Name] Sarkaar' - a common election chant. Literature: Premchand's stories often feature characters dealing with the 'Sarkaar' or 'Sarkari' officials.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

News/Politics

Sarkaar ka faisla
Nayi sarkaar
Sarkaar ki haar
Sarkaar ka budget

Employment

Sarkari naukri
Sarkari daftar
Sarkari karmachari
Sarkari bharti

Public Services

Sarkari aspataal
Sarkari school
Sarkari bus
Sarkari yojana

Legal/Official

Sarkari dastaavez
Sarkaar banaam...
Sarkari vakeel
Sarkari seal

Social Discussion

Sarkaar kya kar rahi hai?
Sarkaar ko chahiye ki...
Bhrasht sarkaar
Mazboot sarkaar

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"क्या आपको लगता है कि सरकार अच्छा काम कर रही है? (Do you think the government is doing a good job?)"

"आपके देश में सरकार कैसे चुनी जाती है? (How is the government chosen in your country?)"

"क्या आप सरकारी नौकरी करना चाहते हैं? (Do you want to do a government job?)"

"सरकार की कौन सी योजना आपको सबसे अच्छी लगती है? (Which government scheme do you like the most?)"

"क्या सरकार को पर्यावरण पर ज़्यादा ध्यान देना चाहिए? (Should the government focus more on the environment?)"

موضوعات نگارش

अगर आप एक दिन के लिए सरकार होते, तो आप क्या बदलते? (If you were the government for a day, what would you change?)

मेरे जीवन पर सरकार का क्या प्रभाव है? (What is the influence of the government on my life?)

एक 'आदर्श सरकार' कैसी होनी चाहिए? (What should an 'ideal government' be like?)

आज की खबर में सरकार के बारे में क्या कहा गया? (What was said about the government in today's news?)

सरकारी सेवाओं और निजी सेवाओं में क्या अंतर है? (What is the difference between government services and private services?)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

It is feminine. You should say 'Sarkaar achhi hai' and 'Sarkaar neeti bana rahi hai'. This is a very common point of error for beginners.

'Sarkaar' is the 'Government' (the institution/people), while 'Shaasan' is 'Governance' or 'Rule' (the act of governing). 'Shaasan' is more formal.

You say 'Sarkari Naukri' (सरकारी नौकरी). Here, 'Sarkari' is the adjective form of 'Sarkaar'.

Historically and in some rural dialects, yes. It was used as a title of respect like 'My Lord' or 'Master'. In modern standard Hindi, it almost always means the institution.

It means 'Central Government' or the federal government of India based in New Delhi.

The direct plural is 'Sarkaaren' (सरकारें). The oblique plural (used with postpositions) is 'Sarkaaron' (सरकारों).

It has Persian roots and is used in both Hindi and Urdu. It is a common loanword that is fully integrated into Hindi.

Not exactly. 'State' is 'Raajya'. 'Sarkaar' is the government of that state. However, in legal contexts, they are sometimes used interchangeably.

It means 'Coalition Government,' where multiple political parties come together to form a majority.

In movies, it's often a title given to a powerful patriarch or leader who acts as the ultimate authority in a community.