手形 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- Tegata means 'handprint' (literal) or 'promissory note' (financial).
- In business, it's a promise to pay money on a future date.
- Culturally, it's famous for sumo wrestler handprints on boards.
- Historically, it was used as a travel pass through checkpoints.
The Japanese word 手形 (てがた - tegata) is a fascinating noun that bridges the gap between physical impressions and abstract financial obligations. At its most basic level, it refers to a physical handprint. This literal meaning is often encountered in cultural contexts, such as the handprints of famous sumo wrestlers or historical figures preserved as souvenirs or marks of identity. However, in the modern world, especially within business and legal spheres, it takes on a much more complex role as a 'promissory note' or a 'bill of exchange.' This duality makes it a critical word for learners to understand, as the context determines whether you are talking about a piece of art or a binding financial document worth millions of yen.
- Physical Definition
- An impression made by the palm and fingers, often using ink or clay. Historically used as a signature for those who could not write.
- Financial Definition
- A written promise to pay a specific amount of money to a person or business at a future date. It is a form of commercial paper.
- Historical Context
- In the Edo period, 'sekisho-tegata' were passports or permits required to pass through checkpoints.
有名な力士の手形を色紙にもらった。 (I received a famous sumo wrestler's handprint on a square piece of fancy paper.)
Understanding the financial aspect requires a bit of economic knowledge. In Japan, the 'tegata' system has been a staple of B2B transactions for decades. When a company buys goods but doesn't want to pay cash immediately, they 'issue' (furidasu) a tegata. This document specifies the payment date. If the company fails to honor the payment when the date arrives, it is called a 'dishonored bill' (fowatari), which can lead to bankruptcy. Thus, the word carries significant weight in professional environments.
取引先に手形を振り出す。 (To issue a promissory note to a business partner.)
子供の成長の記録として手形を取る。 (To take a handprint as a record of a child's growth.)
この手形は三ヶ月後に現金化できる。 (This bill can be converted to cash in three months.)
江戸時代の関所を通るには手形が必要だった。 (A pass was necessary to go through checkpoints in the Edo period.)
- Etymology
- The kanji 手 (hand) and 形 (shape/form) literally mean 'the shape of the hand.'
Using 手形 correctly depends entirely on whether you are in a craft shop or a boardroom. Because it is a noun, it often pairs with specific verbs that change based on the meaning. For the physical handprint, the most common verb is 取る (toru), meaning 'to take' or 'to make' a print. For the financial note, the verbs become much more technical, such as 振り出す (furidasu) for 'issuing' and 割り引く (waribiku) for 'discounting' a bill before its maturity date.
- Making a Handprint
- Use '手形を取る' (tegata o toru). Example: 赤ちゃんの1歳の記念に手形を取った。
- Issuing a Note
- Use '手形を振り出す' (tegata o furidasu). This is the standard term for creating a promissory note.
- Paying with a Note
- Use '手形で支払う' (tegata de支払う). This indicates the method of payment.
In a grammatical sense, 'tegata' functions as a standard noun. It can be the subject of a sentence (手形が不渡りになる - The bill was dishonored) or the object (手形を受け取る - To receive a bill). When used in the plural or general sense, Japanese does not change the form of the word, so context must dictate if you are referring to one note or several. In professional settings, you might encounter compound words like 約束手形 (yakusoku tegata) which specifically means 'promissory note,' or 為替手形 (kawase tegata) for 'bill of exchange.'
銀行で手形を現金に換えた。 (I exchanged the bill for cash at the bank.)
One nuance to be aware of is the 'maturity' of a tegata. Unlike a check (kogitte) which is usually payable immediately, a tegata has a set date in the future. This period is often called the 'site' (saito). If you hear someone talking about a '90-day tegata,' they are referring to the credit term. This is a vital part of Japanese business culture known as 'tegata torihiki' (bill transactions).
The environments where you encounter 手形 are distinct. You will hear it in traditional Japanese settings, financial institutions, and historical dramas. Each location provides a different flavor to the word. In a 'Sumo-beya' (sumo stable), it is a term of art and respect. In a 'Ginkou' (bank), it is a term of liability and credit. In a 'Hakubutsukan' (museum), it is a relic of the past.
- At the Bank
- '手形の裏書をお願いします' (Please endorse the back of the bill). Endorsing a bill allows it to be transferred to another party.
- At a Tourist Spot
- '有名人の手形が並んでいます' (Famous people's handprints are lined up). Common in places like Asakusa or Hollywood-style walks of fame in Japan.
- In Business News
- '手形交換所のデータによると...' (According to the data from the bill clearinghouse...). This refers to the central hub where banks settle these notes.
Interestingly, you might also hear it in the context of 'tegata-ken' (handprint coupons) in some hot spring resorts (Onsen). Some towns offer a wooden 'tegata' that acts as a multi-entry pass to various baths. This is a play on the historical 'pass' meaning of the word. Hearing 'Nyuyoku-tegata' (bathing pass) is a common and pleasant experience for travelers in places like Kurokawa Onsen.
この温泉街では、手形を買うと三つの露天風呂に入れます。 (In this hot spring town, if you buy a 'tegata' pass, you can enter three open-air baths.)
The most frequent mistake learners make with 手形 is confusing it with other 'hand' related words or similar financial instruments. Because 'te' (hand) is such a common radical and prefix, it's easy to mix up 'tegata' with 'te-no-katachi' (the shape of a hand) or 'kogitte' (a check).
- Mistake 1: Confusing with 'Kogitte' (Check)
- A 'kogitte' (小切手) is a check that can be cashed immediately. A 'tegata' is a promise to pay later. Using 'tegata' when you mean a check can cause serious confusion in business payments.
- Mistake 2: Literal Translation
- Learners often say 'te no ato' (hand mark) when they mean a handprint. While 'te no ato' is understandable, 'tegata' is the specific term for the impression left by a hand.
- Mistake 3: Pronunciation
- Ensure you don't confuse it with 'tegami' (letter). One is a handprint/note, the other is a letter you mail. They sound similar to beginners.
Another mistake is the misuse of the verb 'kiru' (to cut). While you 'kiru' (issue) a check (小切手を切る), for a tegata, the more formal and correct term is 'furidasu' (振り出す). Using 'tegata o kiru' is sometimes heard in casual business slang, but 'furidasu' is the professional standard. Additionally, beginners often forget that 'tegata' can be a physical object (like a wooden board) or a paper document, leading to confusion when a 'tegata' doesn't look like a piece of paper.
× 小切手と手形は同じ意味です。 (Incorrect: Checks and promissory notes mean the same thing.)
To truly master 手形, you must understand the words that orbit its semantic field. Depending on the context (physical vs. financial), the synonyms and related terms change entirely. This 'vocabulary neighborhood' helps define the boundaries of how 'tegata' is used in modern Japanese.
- 小切手 (Kogitte)
- A check. Often confused with tegata, but kogitte is for immediate payment.
- 証書 (Shousho)
- A certificate or deed. A more general term for legal documents that prove a fact or obligation.
- 足跡 (Ashiato)
- Footprint. The 'foot' version of tegata. Used literally or metaphorically (to leave a mark/legacy).
- 印影 (In'ei)
- The imprint of a seal (hanko). In Japan, the seal imprint is often more legally binding than a signature or handprint.
In the financial world, you will also hear 債券 (saiken), which means 'bond.' While a tegata is a short-term promise between two parties, a saiken is a more formal debt security. For the physical meaning, サイン (sain) or 'autograph' is often paired with tegata when celebrities are involved. A celebrity might provide both a 'sain' and a 'tegata' on a single board.
彼は引退の記念に、手形とサインを残した。 (As a memento of his retirement, he left his handprint and autograph.)
چقدر رسمی است؟
سطح دشواری
گرامر لازم
Noun + を + 振り出す
Noun + が + 不渡りになる
Noun + に + 基づく
Noun + を + 取る
Noun + を + 飾る
مثالها بر اساس سطح
これはわたしの手形です。
This is my handprint.
Simple A is B structure.
大きな手形を見ました。
I saw a big handprint.
Adjective + Noun.
手形は赤いです。
The handprint is red.
Describing a property.
ここに手形があります。
There is a handprint here.
Existence with 'arimasu'.
手形をとりましょう。
Let's make a handprint.
Volitional form 'mashou'.
だれの手形ですか？
Whose handprint is it?
Possessive 'no' + question.
手形ときれいな花。
A handprint and a beautiful flower.
Noun + particle 'to' + Noun.
手形が好きです。
I like handprints.
Expressing preference.
有名人の手形を写真に撮りました。
I took a photo of a famous person's handprint.
Object marker 'o' with compound verb.
温泉で手形を買いました。
I bought a (wooden) pass at the hot spring.
Past tense verb.
子供の手形を壁に飾っています。
I am displaying my child's handprint on the wall.
Present continuous '-te iru'.
この手形はとても古いです。
This handprint is very old.
Adverb 'totemo' + adjective.
手形に名前を書いてください。
Please write your name on the handprint (board).
Request form '-te kudasai'.
手形を二つ作りました。
I made two handprints.
Counter for objects 'futatsu'.
公園に力士の手形があります。
There are sumo wrestlers' handprints in the park.
Location particle 'ni'.
手形を持って温泉に行きます。
I will go to the hot spring with the pass.
Sequential action '-te' form.
会社は取引先に手形を振り出した。
The company issued a promissory note to the business partner.
Specific business verb 'furidasu'.
手形の支払い期限を確認してください。
Please check the payment deadline of the note.
Compound noun 'shiharai kijitsu'.
銀行で手形を現金化しました。
I cashed the bill at the bank.
Noun + 'ka' (suffix for -ization).
この手形は三ヶ月後に有効になります。
This note becomes valid in three months.
Time period + 'go' (after).
手形で支払うことは可能ですか？
Is it possible to pay by promissory note?
Nominalizing a verb with 'koto'.
約束手形を受け取りました。
I received a promissory note.
Specific term 'yakusoku tegata'.
手形の裏にサインが必要です。
A signature is required on the back of the note.
Location 'ura' (back).
彼は手形の仕組みを勉強しています。
He is studying the mechanism of promissory notes.
Abstract noun 'shikumi'.
手形が不渡りになると、倒産の危険がある。
If a bill is dishonored, there is a risk of bankruptcy.
Conditional 'to' for natural consequence.
資金繰りのために手形を割り引いた。
I discounted the bill to manage cash flow.
Purpose 'no tame ni'.
電子記録手形の導入が進んでいる。
The introduction of electronically recorded monetary claims is progressing.
Compound business term.
手形交換所での決済が行われる。
Settlement takes place at the bill clearinghouse.
Passive voice 'okonawareru'.
その企業は手形の発行を停止した。
That company stopped issuing promissory notes.
Noun + 'no' + Noun + 'o' + Verb.
為替手形は国際取引でよく使われる。
Bills of exchange are often used in international trade.
Adverb 'yoku' (often).
手形の振出人には支払い義務がある。
The issuer of the note has an obligation to pay.
Specific role 'furidashinin'.
不渡り手形を出さないように注意する。
Be careful not to issue a dishonored bill.
'you ni chuui suru' (take care to/not to).
手形法に基づき、適切な手続きを行う。
Perform appropriate procedures based on the Bills of Exchange Act.
'ni motozuki' (based on).
江戸時代の関所手形は、通行の自由を制限していた。
Checkpoint passes in the Edo period restricted freedom of movement.
Historical context.
手形の裏書譲渡により、債権が移転する。
The claim is transferred through the endorsement and delivery of the bill.
Technical legal phrasing.
支払拒絶が証明された場合、遡及権を行使できる。
If non-payment is proven, the right of recourse can be exercised.
Legal terminology 'sokyuuken'.
手形は、かつて日本の商習慣において不可欠な役割を果たした。
Promissory notes once played an indispensable role in Japanese business customs.
'ni oite' (in/at).
電子記録債権の普及により、紙の手形は衰退している。
With the spread of electronically recorded claims, paper bills are declining.
Cause and effect with 'ni yori'.
白地手形に金額を補充する権限を与える。
Grant the authority to fill in the amount on a blank bill.
Specific term 'shiraji tegata'.
手形の偽造は重大な犯罪行為と見なされる。
Forgery of a bill is considered a serious criminal act.
'to minasareru' (is considered to be).
手形制度の形骸化が指摘される中、新たな決済手段が模索されている。
While the hollowing out of the bill system is pointed out, new settlement methods are being sought.
Advanced 'naka' (amidst) and 'mosaku' (seeking).
約束手形の振出人は、絶対的支払義務を負うものとされる。
The issuer of a promissory note is deemed to bear an absolute obligation to pay.
Legal 'mono to sareru'.
為替手形における引受の拒絶は、振出人への遡及の原因となる。
Refusal of acceptance in a bill of exchange causes recourse against the drawer.
Highly technical 'hikiu-ke'.
手形債権の消滅時効は、通常の債権よりも短く設定されている。
The statute of limitations for bill claims is set shorter than for ordinary claims.
Legal 'shoumetsu jikou'.
善意の第三者が手形を取得した場合、その権利は保護されるべきである。
If a third party in good faith acquires a bill, their rights should be protected.
Legal concept 'zen'i no daisansha'.
手形の交付を欠いた裏書は、効力を生じないとする説が有力である。
The theory that an endorsement lacking the delivery of the bill is ineffective is predominant.
Academic 'setsu ga yuuryoku'.
融通手形は、実需に基づかないため、金融上のリスクが高い。
Accommodation bills carry high financial risk because they are not based on actual demand.
Technical term 'yuuzuu tegata'.
手形行為の独立性の原則により、前者の債務が無効でも後者は責任を負う。
Due to the principle of independence of bill acts, the latter is liable even if the former's debt is void.
Complex legal principle.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
Kogitte is a check (immediate); Tegata is a note (future).
Tegami is a letter you write and mail.
Te no katachi is the general 'shape of a hand,' not a print.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
الگوهای جملهسازی
[Person] no tegata
Sumo-resuraa no tegata
Tegata o [Verb]
Tegata o uketoru
[Amount] no tegata
Hyakuman-en no tegata
Tegata de [Action]
Tegata de shiharau
[Time] no tegata
Sankagetsu no tegata
Tegata ga [Status]
Tegata ga ochiru
Kinen no tegata
Kinen no tegata o toru
Tegata no [Part]
Tegata no uragaki
خانواده کلمه
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
Tegata implies a physical mark or a credit-based financial instrument. It is rarely used for 'hand shape' in a general sense.
Do not use 'tegata' for a handshake (akushu).
- Using 'tegata' to mean 'handshake'.
- Confusing 'tegata' with 'kitte' (postage stamp).
- Thinking a 'tegata' can be cashed immediately like a check.
- Saying 'te no tegata' (redundant, just say 'tegata').
- Mispronouncing it as 'takata' or 'tegami'.
نکات
The 'Hand' Clue
Always look at the first kanji '手'. If the context involves a bank, the 'hand' is metaphorically reaching into the future to pay.
Sumo Souvenirs
If you buy a sumo tegata, it's usually on a 'shikishi' (square board). It's a great conversation piece for your home.
Check the Date
In business, always check the 'shiharai kijitsu' (payment date) on a tegata. It's the most important piece of info.
Wooden Passes
In Kurokawa Onsen, the 'tegata' is a wooden disk. You get a stamp at each bath you visit. It's a great souvenir!
Endorsement Matters
If you receive a tegata, don't forget to 'uragaki' (endorse) it if you plan to use it to pay someone else.
Verb Pairing
Pair 'tegata' with 'toru' for art and 'furidasu' for money. This will make you sound very natural.
Edo Passports
Think of 'tegata' as the original Japanese passport. It was the only way to move between provinces legally.
Discounting
If you need cash now, you can 'discount' (waribiki) a tegata at a bank, but you'll lose a small percentage.
Kanji Precision
The 'gata' in tegata is 形. Don't confuse it with 方 (direction/way), though they are both read as 'kata/gata'.
حفظ کنید
تداعی تصویری
A sumo wrestler's giant red handprint next to a formal bank document.
ریشه کلمه
From 'Te' (hand) and 'Kata' (shape/mold). Originally referred to physical handprints used as marks of identity or signatures on documents.
بافت فرهنگی
Sumo handprints are called 'tegata' and are always done in red ink.
Wooden 'tegata' are popular souvenirs that double as multi-bath tickets.
The 'sekisho-tegata' was a vital document for women traveling during the Edo period.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"有名人の手形を見たことがありますか？"
"最近は電子手形が増えていますね。"
"赤ちゃんの記念に手形を取りましたか？"
"この温泉の手形はどこで買えますか？"
"手形と小切手の違いを知っていますか？"
موضوعات نگارش
If you could have the 'tegata' of any famous person, whose would it be?
Describe a time you saw a physical handprint that impressed you.
Write about the pros and cons of using promissory notes in business.
Imagine you are a traveler in the Edo period. Why do you need your 'tegata'?
How has digital technology changed the way we use 'tegata' today?
سوالات متداول
10 سوالA tegata is a promise to pay at a future date (credit), while a kogitte (check) is intended for immediate payment upon presentation at a bank.
No, the specific word for fingerprint is 'shimon' (指紋). Tegata refers to the whole hand or palm.
It is a traditional way to provide an autograph that is more personal and impressive than just a signature, symbolizing their strength.
Yes, but it is rapidly being replaced by 'Denshi Kiroku Saiken' (digitally recorded claims) to reduce costs and risks.
Literally 'to cut a note,' it is a common expression for issuing a promissory note or making a firm financial promise.
If a company has two 'fowatari' (dishonored bills) within six months, its bank transactions are suspended for two years, effectively leading to bankruptcy.
No, it's a play on words. It's a wooden souvenir that acts as a pass for hot springs, mimicking the old 'pass' meaning of tegata.
Yes, this is called 'uragaki' (endorsement). You sign the back to transfer the right to receive payment to another person.
Commercial notes usually have a maturity of 30, 60, 90, or 120 days.
The 'Star no Hiroba' in Asakusa features handprints of many famous Japanese entertainers.
خودت رو بسنج 180 سوال
/ 180 درست
نمره کامل!
Summary
Context is king: Use 'tegata' for souvenirs and physical marks in casual settings, but treat it as a serious, legally binding credit document in business and banking environments.
- Tegata means 'handprint' (literal) or 'promissory note' (financial).
- In business, it's a promise to pay money on a future date.
- Culturally, it's famous for sumo wrestler handprints on boards.
- Historically, it was used as a travel pass through checkpoints.
The 'Hand' Clue
Always look at the first kanji '手'. If the context involves a bank, the 'hand' is metaphorically reaching into the future to pay.
Sumo Souvenirs
If you buy a sumo tegata, it's usually on a 'shikishi' (square board). It's a great conversation piece for your home.
Check the Date
In business, always check the 'shiharai kijitsu' (payment date) on a tegata. It's the most important piece of info.
Wooden Passes
In Kurokawa Onsen, the 'tegata' is a wooden disk. You get a stamp at each bath you visit. It's a great souvenir!
مثال
手形を振り出します。
محتوای مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر Money
会計
A1حسابداری یا پرداخت صورتحساب. معمولاً در رستورانها برای درخواست صورتحساب استفاده میشود.
騰貴
A1افزایش شدید یا ناگهانی در قیمت یا ارزش چیزی، مانند کالا، زمین یا سهام.
収支
A1تعادل بین درآمد و هزینه. برای توصیف وضعیت مالی استفاده می شود.
残高
A1مقدار پول باقیمانده در حساب بانکی یا کارت اعتباری.
利息
A1بهره مبلغی است که از پسانداز به دست میآید یا برای وام پرداخت میشود. این یک اصطلاح کلیدی در بانکداری ژاپن است.
金融
A1امور مالی به سیستم گردش پول و اعتبار در یک اقتصاد اشاره دارد.
給付
A1مزایا، کمکهزینه یا پرداخت. دولت یک کمکهزینه ویژه به شهروندان پرداخت کرد.
予算
A1بودجه یا تخمینی از مقدار پول موجود برای یک هدف خاص. به طرح مالی یا محدودیتی اشاره دارد که قبل از هزینه کردن تعیین میشود.
現金
A1من نقدی پرداخت میکنم.
小切手
A1چک یک سند کتبی است که به بانک دستور میدهد مبلغ مشخصی پول پرداخت کند. در ژاپن، عمدتاً در معاملات تجاری استفاده میشود.
