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B1 noun 3 دقیقه مطالعه

罪悪

zaiaku

When you feel bad about something you've done, that feeling is 罪悪 (zaigaku). It literally translates to 'sin' or 'crime' but is often used to describe the feeling of guilt or a bad conscience. For example, if you eat a whole cake by yourself, you might feel 罪悪感 (zaigakukan - a feeling of guilt). It's a common word to express moral discomfort or regret. This word helps you describe those moments when your conscience is bothering you after an action.

When discussing serious transgressions, 罪悪 (zaiaku) is the appropriate term. It encompasses a strong sense of moral wrongdoing, whether it's a personal feeling of guilt or a criminal act that violates societal norms. It’s a heavier word than just 「悪いこと」 (warui koto, bad thing).

For example, if someone committed a crime and felt deep regret, you would use 罪悪感を覚える (zaiaku-kan o oboeru, to feel a sense of guilt). It's also used in legal contexts to refer to actual crimes. You'll often hear it in news reports or discussions about ethics and morality.

تمرین کن مثال‌ها

§ Understanding the Nuance of 罪悪 (zaiaku)

When learning a new Japanese word, it's easy to directly translate it to an English equivalent and assume they are perfectly interchangeable. However, with words like 罪悪 (zaiaku), this can lead to some common mistakes. While 罪悪 (zaiaku) can mean "guilt," "offense," or "crime," its usage often carries a deeper, more profound sense of moral wrong or wrongdoing.

Let's break down some common pitfalls English speakers encounter when using 罪悪 (zaiaku).

§ Mistake 1: Using 罪悪 (zaiaku) for minor regrets

One of the most frequent mistakes is using 罪悪 (zaiaku) for minor feelings of regret or small missteps. In English, we might say "I feel guilty for eating that extra slice of cake." In Japanese, however, 罪悪 (zaiaku) is typically reserved for more serious moral or ethical transgressions.

ケーキを食べすぎたことを後悔している。(I regret eating too much cake.)

Using 罪悪 (zaiaku) in such a context would sound overly dramatic and unnatural to a native speaker.

§ Mistake 2: Confusing 罪悪 (zaiaku) with legal crime (犯罪 - hanzai)

While 罪悪 (zaiaku) can sometimes be translated as "crime" or "offense," it's important to differentiate it from 犯罪 (hanzai), which specifically refers to a legal crime. 罪悪 (zaiaku) often carries a stronger connotation of moral or spiritual wrongdoing, even if it's not strictly illegal.

DEFINITION: 犯罪 (hanzai): A legal crime; an act punishable by law.

Think of 罪悪 (zaiaku) as the *feeling* of guilt or the *moral* aspect of an offense, whereas 犯罪 (hanzai) is the *act* itself that breaks the law.

彼は殺人という犯罪を犯した。(He committed the crime of murder.)

嘘をついたことに罪悪感を感じる。(I feel a sense of guilt for lying.)

Notice how in the second example, lying isn't necessarily a legal crime, but it evokes a sense of 罪悪 (zaiaku).

§ Mistake 3: Overusing 罪悪感 (zaiakukan) for every instance of "guilt"

While 罪悪感 (zaiakukan) is the noun for "feeling of guilt," it's not always the most natural choice in every situation where you'd use "guilt" in English. Sometimes, simpler expressions can convey the same meaning more subtly.

Instead of: 彼は罪悪感を感じた。(He felt guilt.)
Consider: 彼は悪いと思った。(He felt bad/He thought it was wrong.)

The latter is often more common in casual conversation for less intense feelings of wrongdoing. 罪悪感 (zaiakukan) tends to imply a deeper, more internal struggle with guilt.

§ Mistake 4: Not recognizing common collocations

Like many Japanese words, 罪悪 (zaiaku) and its related forms appear in common collocations. Understanding these phrases will make your usage much more natural. For example:

COMMON PHRASE: 罪悪感に苛まれる (zaiakukan ni sainamareru): to be tormented by a feeling of guilt

彼はその出来事以来、罪悪感に苛まれている。(Since that incident, he has been tormented by guilt.)

COMMON PHRASE: 罪悪を犯す (zaiaku o okasu): to commit a sin/wrongdoing

彼は過去に大きな罪悪を犯した。(He committed a great wrongdoing in the past.)

Learning these set phrases will significantly improve your fluency and accuracy.

§ Key Takeaways for 罪悪 (zaiaku)

To avoid common mistakes when using 罪悪 (zaiaku):

Reserve 罪悪 (zaiaku) for serious moral or ethical wrongdoing, not minor regrets.
Distinguish it from 犯罪 (hanzai), which refers to legal crimes. 罪悪 (zaiaku) is about the moral aspect or feeling of guilt.
Don't automatically translate every instance of "guilt" to 罪悪感 (zaiakukan); sometimes simpler expressions are more natural.
Pay attention to common collocations and how 罪悪 (zaiaku) is typically used in context.

By keeping these points in mind, you'll be able to use 罪悪 (zaiaku) more accurately and naturally in your Japanese conversations and writing.

چقدر رسمی است؟

رسمی

"彼は自分の行動に深い罪悪感を抱いていた。"

خنثی

"嘘をついて、本当に悪いことをしたと思っている。"

غیر رسمی

"あー、テスト勉強しなかった。やっちゃったな。"

Child friendly

"おもちゃを壊しちゃって、ごめんなさい。"

عامیانه

"プレゼンで大失敗。完全にやらかしたわ。"

گرامر لازم

「罪悪」 typically combines with verbs like 感じる (kanjiru - to feel), 抱く (idaku - to harbor), or 意識する (ishiki suru - to be conscious of) to express feeling guilt.

彼はその嘘に罪悪を感じていた。(Kare wa sono uso ni zaiaku o kanjite ita.) - He felt guilty about that lie.

When referring to a specific offense or crime, it's often used with の (no) to connect it to the action or situation.

彼の罪悪は許されない。(Kare no zaiaku wa yurusarenai.) - His crime is unforgivable.

It can be used in phrases like 罪悪感 (zaiaku-kan) which specifically means 'a feeling of guilt'. This is a very common usage.

彼女は彼の死に罪悪感でいっぱいだった。(Kanojo wa kare no shi ni zaiaku-kan de ippai datta.) - She was filled with guilt over his death.

「罪悪」 can be modified by adjectives to describe the nature or degree of the guilt, offense, or crime.

深い罪悪が彼を苦しめた。(Fukai zaiaku ga kare o kurushimeta.) - Deep guilt tormented him.

It can appear in more formal or literary contexts when discussing moral or legal transgressions.

その行為は人類に対する罪悪である。(Sono kōi wa jinrui ni taisuru zaiaku de aru.) - That act is a crime against humanity.

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

私は罪悪を感じています。

I feel guilt.

それは罪悪ではありません。

That is not a crime.

彼の心に罪悪がありました。

There was guilt in his heart.

罪悪は重いです。

The offense is serious.

彼は罪悪を認めました。

He admitted the crime.

小さな罪悪です。

It's a small offense.

罪悪感があります。

I have a feeling of guilt.

この罪悪を消したい。

I want to erase this guilt.