項目 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- Refers to an individual item or heading in a list.
- Commonly used in business, surveys, and web forms.
- Distinguished from physical goods (品目) and abstract matters (事項).
- Often paired with verbs like 'add', 'delete', or 'check'.
The Japanese word 項目 (こうもく) is a fundamental term used to describe an individual unit, heading, or item within a structured list, document, or dataset. At its core, it represents the 'skeleton' of information organization. When you look at a survey, each question or category you answer is a 項目. When you look at a budget spreadsheet, each row representing a specific expense type is a 項目. It is distinct from physical objects (which might be called 品物) or abstract matters (事項) because it specifically implies a place within a hierarchical or listed structure.
- Structural Role
- It acts as a container or a label for specific data points. Without 項目, data would be a chaotic stream of information.
- Data Context
- In computing and statistics, it refers to a field or a variable name in a database schema.
- Administrative Use
- Used in government forms to denote specific sections like 'Name', 'Address', or 'Income'.
「このアンケートには、全部で20の項目があります。」(There are a total of 20 items in this survey.)
To understand 項目 deeply, one must look at the kanji. 項 (Kō) refers to a clause, a paragraph, or a heading (originally meaning the 'nape of the neck', implying a turning point or a section). 目 (Moku) means 'eye' but is used here to mean 'class', 'order', or 'item' (as in the biological classification system). Together, they form a word that literally means 'the eye of the heading' or the specific point under a general category.
「設定項目を確認してください。」(Please check the settings items/parameters.)
- Digital Context
- Used for menu items in software (メニュー項目).
- Financial Context
- Used for line items in an invoice or budget (支出項目).
Using 項目 correctly requires understanding its collocations—the words it naturally hangs out with. In a professional or academic setting, you don't just 'have' a 項目; you 'set' them, 'check' them, or 'add' them. The verb 設ける (mōkeru - to establish/set up) is frequently paired with it when designing a system or a form.
- 項目を追加する (kōmoku o tsuika suru): To add an item/field.
- 項目を削除する (kōmoku o sakujo suru): To delete an item/field.
- 項目を埋める (kōmoku o umeru): To fill out the items (in a form).
- 必須項目 (hissu kōmoku): Mandatory fields (very common on websites).
「赤い星印がついているのは、入力必須の項目です。」(Items marked with a red star are mandatory input fields.)
When discussing data analysis, 項目 refers to the variables. For example, if you are comparing smartphones, the 項目 would be 'Battery Life', 'Camera Quality', and 'Price'. In this context, it functions as the criteria for comparison. You might say 「比較項目を整理する」 (Organize the items for comparison).
In a more advanced sense, 項目 can refer to the clauses in a legal contract or the articles in a constitution, though 条項 (jōkō) is more specific for legal clauses. However, in general discussion about the 'points' of an agreement, 項目 is perfectly acceptable.
You will encounter 項目 in four primary environments in Japan. Understanding these will help you recognize the word's 'vibe'.
1. The Office (Business)
During meetings when reviewing reports or spreadsheets. "Next, let's look at the 'Marketing Expenses' item." (次は『広告宣伝費』の項目を見てみましょう。)
2. Online Forms (Web)
Every time you sign up for a service in Japan. You'll see 'Required Items' (必須項目) and 'Optional Items' (任意項目).
3. Academic/Research
In the methodology section of a paper where the researcher lists the variables or survey questions used to gather data.
4. News & Media
When reporting on government statistics, such as the Consumer Price Index, the announcer will mention specific 'items' like food or fuel.
「調査項目を絞り込むことで、より正確なデータが得られます。」(By narrowing down the survey items, more accurate data can be obtained.)
In daily life, you might hear it at the doctor's office when they discuss the 'items' on your blood test results (検査項目). If your cholesterol is high, that specific 項目 will be highlighted. It carries a sense of precision and categorization that words like 'part' (部分) or 'thing' (もの) lack.
Learners often confuse 項目 with several other words that translate to 'item' or 'point' in English. Distinguishing these is key to sounding natural.
- 項目 vs. 品目 (Hinmoku)
- 品目 is used specifically for physical goods or commodities. If you are listing types of fruit (apples, oranges), those are 品目. If you are listing categories in a database (Price, Origin, Weight), those are 項目.
- 項目 vs. 事項 (Jikō)
- 事項 refers to 'matters' or 'facts'. It is used for things that need to be noted or handled, like 'Important Matters' (重要事項). 項目 is the 'slot' or 'heading' in the list, while 事項 is the 'content' or 'event' itself.
- 項目 vs. 箇条書き (Kajōgaki)
- 箇条書き is the act of writing in bullet points. You use 項目 to describe the individual points *within* that bulleted list. You wouldn't say "I wrote a 項目"; you would say "I wrote it in 箇条書き and included five 項目."
❌ 「スーパーで買う項目をメモした。」 (Sounds like a robot shopping.)
✅ 「スーパーで買うものをメモした。」 (Natural daily Japanese.)
To enrich your vocabulary, compare 項目 with these synonyms and related terms. Each has a specific 'territory' in the Japanese language.
| Word | Nuance | Best Used For... |
|---|---|---|
| カテゴリー | Broad classification | Genres, types of products |
| 見出し (Midashi) | Headline/Heading | Newspapers, book chapters |
| 条項 (Jōkō) | Legal clause | Contracts, laws |
| 細目 (Saimoku) | Details/Sub-items | Detailed breakdowns of a budget |
Another interesting word is 内訳 (Uchiwake). While 項目 refers to the labels of the items, 内訳 refers to the breakdown of the total. For example, if your bill is $100, the 項目 are 'Food' and 'Drink', and the 内訳 is '$70 for food, $30 for drink'.
「この予算案の項目ごとの内訳を教えてください。」(Please tell me the breakdown for each item in this budget proposal.)
In technical settings, you might also see フィールド (Field) used in database contexts, which is almost synonymous with 項目 when referring to columns in a table. However, 項目 remains the preferred term for general human-readable lists.
چقدر رسمی است؟
سطح دشواری
گرامر لازم
〜ごとに (Every/Per)
〜に基づいて (Based on)
〜について (About)
〜を巡って (Concerning)
〜を対象に (Targeting)
مثالها بر اساس سطح
この項目に名前を書いてください。
Please write your name in this item/field.
項目 (noun) + に (particle for location)
リストの項目を見ます。
I look at the items on the list.
項目 (object) + を (particle) + 見ます (verb)
項目は３つあります。
There are three items.
項目 (subject) + は + 3つ (counter) + あります
次の項目は何ですか？
What is the next item?
次の (next) + 項目
この項目は大切です。
This item is important.
Adjective '大切' modifying the noun '項目'
名前の項目があります。
There is a 'Name' item.
Possessive 'の' linking Name and Item
項目をチェックします。
I check the items.
Simple object-verb structure
１番目の項目です。
It is the first item.
Ordinal number + 項目
必須項目を入力してください。
Please fill in the required items.
必須項目 (compound noun)
アンケートの項目が多いです。
There are many items in the survey.
Subject + が + 多い (adjective)
新しい項目を追加しました。
I added a new item.
Past tense verb '追加しました'
この項目は空欄にしないでください。
Please do not leave this item blank.
空欄にする (to make blank) + ないでください
設定項目を確認しましょう。
Let's check the settings items.
Volitional 'ましょう'
どの項目が一番難しいですか？
Which item is the most difficult?
Interrogative 'どの' + 項目
リストから項目を消しました。
I deleted the item from the list.
Source 'から' + Object 'を' + 消す
項目ごとに色を分けます。
I will color-code by item.
Suffix 'ごとに' (per/for each)
比較項目を５つ選びました。
I chose five items for comparison.
Noun '比較' (comparison) used as a prefix
調査項目を整理する必要があります。
It is necessary to organize the research items.
Verb '整理する' + 必要があります (necessity)
この項目は、前のページにあります。
This item is on the previous page.
Location 'に' + あります
予算の項目を見直しましょう。
Let's review the budget items.
Verb '見直す' (to review/re-examine)
各項目について詳しく説明します。
I will explain each item in detail.
〜について (about/concerning)
不要な項目は削除してもいいです。
You may delete unnecessary items.
〜てもいい (permission)
項目名が間違っています。
The item name is incorrect.
項目名 (item name) + が + 間違っている
重要な項目に印をつけました。
I marked the important items.
印をつける (to mark/highlight)
評価項目に基づいて採点します。
Grading will be done based on the evaluation items.
〜に基づいて (based on)
契約書の各項目を慎重に読みました。
I read each item of the contract carefully.
Adverb '慎重に' (carefully)
このデータには重複する項目があります。
There are overlapping/duplicate items in this data.
Verb '重複する' (to overlap/duplicate)
検査項目を増やすことにしました。
We decided to increase the number of test items.
〜ことにする (to decide to)
項目間の関連性を分析します。
We will analyze the relationship between the items.
項目間 (between items) + 関連性 (relationship)
支出項目を細かく分類してください。
Please classify the expenditure items in detail.
Adverb '細かく' (finely/in detail)
該当する項目にチェックを入れてください。
Please check the applicable items.
該当する (applicable/relevant)
主要な項目をスライドにまとめました。
I summarized the main items on the slide.
主要な (main/major)
調査項目の妥当性を検討する必要があります。
We need to examine the validity of the research items.
妥当性 (validity) + 検討する (examine)
多岐にわたる項目を網羅しています。
It covers a wide variety of items.
多岐にわたる (wide-ranging) + 網羅する (to cover/include all)
項目ごとのばらつきが大きいです。
There is a large variance between the items.
ばらつき (variance/dispersion)
設定項目をデフォルトに戻しました。
I restored the settings items to default.
デフォルト (default) + に戻す
項目の順序を入れ替えることで、印象が変わります。
By swapping the order of items, the impression changes.
〜ことで (by means of)
特定の項目に偏った分析は避けるべきです。
Analysis biased toward specific items should be avoided.
偏った (biased) + 避けるべき (should avoid)
項目の定義を明確に定めることが重要です。
It is important to clearly define the items.
定義 (definition) + 定める (to establish)
各項目が相互に影響し合っています。
Each item is influencing the others mutually.
相互に (mutually) + 影響し合う (influence each other)
法案の細部項目を巡って議論が紛糾した。
The debate became complicated over the detailed items of the bill.
〜を巡って (concerning/over) + 紛糾する (to become complicated)
項目立ての論理的整合性が問われている。
The logical consistency of the itemization is being questioned.
項目立て (itemization/structuring) + 整合性 (consistency)
既存の項目を抜本的に見直す時期に来ている。
The time has come to drastically review the existing items.
抜本的に (drastically/fundamentally)
項目の恣意的な選択は、結果の信頼性を損なう。
Arbitrary selection of items undermines the reliability of the results.
恣意的な (arbitrary) + 損なう (to damage/undermine)
多角的な視点から項目を精査した。
I scrutinized the items from multiple perspectives.
多角的な (multifaceted) + 精査する (to scrutinize)
項目の分類体系を再構築する必要がある。
It is necessary to reconstruct the classification system of the items.
分類体系 (classification system) + 再構築 (reconstruction)
各項目が持つ含意を深く考察する。
We will deeply consider the implications of each item.
含意 (implication) + 考察する (to consider/study)
項目の羅列に留まらず、本質を突くべきだ。
One should not stop at a mere listing of items but strike at the essence.
〜に留まらず (not limited to) + 本質を突く (strike the essence)
مترادفها
متضادها
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
اصطلاحات و عبارات
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
الگوهای جملهسازی
نحوه استفاده
In UI/UX, '項目' is the standard term for a list item or a menu entry.
In research, '項目' refers to the specific variables measured.
- Using 項目 for physical objects in casual speech.
- Confusing 項目 (item) with 科目 (school subject).
- Forgetting the long vowel in 'kō'.
- Using 項目 as a verb (it's only a noun).
- Using 項目 when you mean the 'content' rather than the 'heading'.
نکات
Form Filling
Always look for the red '必須' next to a 項目 on Japanese websites.
Compound Words
Learn 項目 with prefixes like 調査 (research) or 評価 (evaluation).
Transitions
Use '次の項目ですが...' to move to the next point in a presentation.
Organization
When writing a report, start by defining your 項目 clearly.
Kanji Hint
The '目' in 項目 helps you remember it's something you 'look' at in a list.
Context Clues
If you hear 'こうもく', expect a list or a structured explanation to follow.
Precision
Japanese business values precise 項目 over vague descriptions.
Flashcards
Put '必須項目' on one side of your flashcard to remember the most common usage.
Particles
Remember that 項目 is a noun and follows all standard noun particle rules.
Avoid Physicality
Don't use it for 'items' you can hold in your hand unless you are listing them formally.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Think of a 'Comb' (sounds like Kōmoku). A comb has many individual teeth in a row. Each tooth is a 'Kōmoku' in the list of the comb.
ریشه کلمه
Sino-Japanese (Kango)
بافت فرهنگی
Reports often start with a list of 項目 to provide an overview.
When asking someone to fill out a form, it's polite to point out the '必須項目' (required items) first.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"アンケートの項目は何個ありますか？ (How many items are in the survey?)"
"どの項目が一番重要だと思いますか？ (Which item do you think is most important?)"
"新しい項目を追加してもいいですか？ (May I add a new item?)"
"この項目の意味を教えてください。 (Please tell me the meaning of this item.)"
"必須項目をすべて入力しましたか？ (Did you fill in all the required items?)"
موضوعات نگارش
今日、自分が達成したことを項目別に書き出してみましょう。 (List the things you achieved today by item.)
理想の仕事を選ぶときの「比較項目」は何ですか？ (What are your 'comparison items' when choosing an ideal job?)
日本語の勉強で、改善したい項目を３つ挙げてください。 (List three items you want to improve in your Japanese studies.)
سوالات متداول
10 سوالIt sounds too formal for a casual shopping list. Use 'もの' instead. However, in a formal inventory report, 項目 is appropriate.
カテゴリー is a broad group (e.g., 'Fruit'). 項目 is a specific entry or field (e.g., 'Price' or 'Origin').
Yes, it frequently appears in JLPT N3 and N2 reading and listening sections.
It is '必須項目' (hissu kōmoku).
No, it only refers to abstract categories or list entries.
Common verbs include 追加する (add), 削除する (delete), and 確認する (check).
The kanji is 項目 (こうもく).
It means 'Item Name' or the label of a specific field.
Yes, each bullet point is a 項目.
Yes, often to refer to list items or object properties in documentation.
خودت رو بسنج 240 سوال
/ 240 درست
نمره کامل!
Summary
項目 is the essential word for 'item' when you are talking about the structure of information, such as fields in a form, rows in a budget, or categories in a comparison, rather than physical objects.
- Refers to an individual item or heading in a list.
- Commonly used in business, surveys, and web forms.
- Distinguished from physical goods (品目) and abstract matters (事項).
- Often paired with verbs like 'add', 'delete', or 'check'.
Form Filling
Always look for the red '必須' next to a 項目 on Japanese websites.
Compound Words
Learn 項目 with prefixes like 調査 (research) or 評価 (evaluation).
Transitions
Use '次の項目ですが...' to move to the next point in a presentation.
Organization
When writing a report, start by defining your 項目 clearly.
مثال
アンケートの調査項目を見直す。
محتوای مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر academic
絶対的
B2مطلق؛ چیزی که به هیچ وجه محدود یا مشروط نیست. قدرت مطلق.
絶対的に
B1به طور مطلق یا بدون قید و شرط. 'این کاملاً درست است.'
抽象的だ
B1Abstract; existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence.
抽象
B2موجود در تفکر یا به عنوان یک ایده، اما بدون وجود فیزیکی یا ملموس. به تعمیم یا استخراج جوهر چیزی، دور از جزئیات خاص، اشاره دارد. (هنر انتزاعی یک مثال رایج است.)
抽象的に
B1به طور انتزاعی یا نظری. برای ایده ها یا مفاهیم استفاده می شود، نه اشیاء فیزیکی.
学術的な
B1مربوط به مطالعات جدی دانشگاهی، تحقیق یا علم؛ آکادمیک.
学術的だ
B1آکادمیک؛ مربوط به آموزش و دانشپژوهی. این یک بحث کاملاً آکادمیک است.
学術的
B2Academic; relating to education and scholarship.
学術
B1محیط دانشگاهی، دانشوری؛ مربوط به تلاش های علمی.
学力
B1توانایی تحصیلی به سطح دانش در دروس مدرسه اشاره دارد.
