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A2 noun #3,000 پرکاربردترین 11 دقیقه مطالعه

正月

shogatsu رتبه 3,000

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 正月 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 正月 in your Level:

At the A1 level, the word '正月' (Shougatsu) is introduced as the fundamental term for 'New Year.' Beginners learn it primarily as part of a fixed phrase: 'O-shougatsu.' At this stage, you should focus on the fact that Shougatsu is the biggest holiday in Japan. You will learn to say simple things like 'Shougatsu wa tanoshii desu' (New Year is fun) or 'Shougatsu ni mochi o tabemasu' (I eat rice cakes at New Year). The kanji themselves are relatively simple for beginners: '正' (correct/proper) and '月' (month/moon). You don't need to worry about the complex cultural rituals yet, just that it is a time for family and special food. You might also learn the most famous greeting, 'Akemashite omedetou,' and associate it with this word. At A1, the goal is to recognize the word in spoken Japanese and understand that it refers to the January 1st period.

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At the A2 level, you begin to use '正月' in more complex sentences to describe your activities and plans. You will learn the term 'Shougatsu-yasumi' (New Year's holiday) and use it to talk about your schedule: 'Shougatsu-yasumi ni kuni ni kaerimasu' (I will return to my country during the New Year holiday). You will also learn about specific customs like 'Hatsumode' (first shrine visit) and 'Otoshidama' (New Year's money), and how they relate to Shougatsu. A2 learners should be able to ask others about their Shougatsu plans: 'Shougatsu wa nani o shimashita ka?' (What did you do during New Year?). You also start to differentiate between 'Shougatsu' and 'Ichigatsu' (January), understanding that Shougatsu is the festive event while Ichigatsu is the calendar month. This level focuses on practical communication regarding the holiday season.

At the B1 level, your understanding of '正月' deepens to include cultural nuances and social expectations. You will learn about the 'Sanganichi' (the first three days) and the importance of 'Osechi-ryori.' You can describe the 'Shougatsu-rashii' (New Year-like) atmosphere and discuss the traditions in more detail. B1 learners should be able to explain the concept of 'Osoji' (year-end cleaning) as a preparation for Shougatsu. You will also encounter the word in more varied grammatical structures, such as 'Shougatsu to ieba...' (Speaking of New Year...). You begin to understand the difference between 'Shougatsu' and 'Shinnen,' using the latter in more formal or written contexts. You can also talk about 'Shougatsu-futori' (holiday weight gain) or 'Shougatsu-kibun' (the holiday mood) in casual conversations with friends, showing a more natural grasp of the language.

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At the B2 level, you can discuss the historical and societal aspects of '正月.' You might explore how the Meiji Restoration changed Shougatsu from the lunar calendar to the solar calendar. You can read news articles about the 'Kikoku-rasshu' (homecoming rush) and 'Fukubukuro' (lucky bags) during the Shougatsu sales. B2 learners are expected to use the word in formal business settings, such as writing a 'Shinnen no aisatsu' (New Year's greeting) to clients or understanding 'Shougatsu-daiya' (holiday schedules) on public transport. You can also discuss the pros and cons of modern vs. traditional Shougatsu celebrations, such as people choosing to travel abroad instead of staying home. Your vocabulary expands to include related terms like 'Koshougatsu' (Little New Year) and 'Kyushougatsu' (Lunar New Year), allowing for comparative cultural discussions.

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At the C1 level, '正月' is understood within the context of Japanese literature, history, and deep-seated cultural psychology. You can analyze how Shougatsu is depicted in classical literature or modern films, noting the themes of family, duty, and the passage of time. You are familiar with poetic terms like 'Hatsu-haru' or 'Geishun' and when to use them. C1 learners can navigate the complex social etiquette of 'Nengajo' (New Year postcards) and 'Kanchu-mimai' (winter greetings sent if a family is in mourning and cannot celebrate Shougatsu). You can participate in high-level discussions about the commercialization of Shougatsu and its impact on traditional values. You understand the subtle differences in regional Shougatsu customs across Japan, from Hokkaido to Okinawa, and can articulate these differences using sophisticated vocabulary.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of '正月' is near-native. You understand the word's place in the broader 'Saijiki' (almanac of seasonal words used in haiku). You can discuss the etymological roots of the kanji '正' and its relation to the concept of 'rectifying' one's life at the start of the year. C2 speakers can interpret the nuances of 'Shougatsu' in various dialects and understand archaic references in historical documents. You can write eloquent essays or give speeches on the significance of Shougatsu in the 21st century, perhaps touching on how the 'Shougatsu-yasumi' affects the national economy or how digital 'Nengajo' are replacing paper ones. Your understanding includes the spiritual depth of the holiday, such as the welcoming of the 'Toshigami' and the specific prayers offered during the season. You use the word with absolute precision in every possible register.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

正月 در ۳۰ ثانیه

Shougatsu is the Japanese New Year, the nation's most significant holiday focusing on family and tradition.
It usually refers to January 1st to 3rd, a period known as 'Sanganichi' when businesses close.
Key traditions include visiting shrines (Hatsumode), eating special food (Osechi), and giving money to kids (Otoshidama).
It is a time for 'Osoji' (deep cleaning) and starting the year with a 'fresh' and 'correct' mindset.

The Japanese word 正月 (しょうがつ - Shougatsu) is most commonly translated as 'New Year' or 'New Year's Day,' but its cultural weight in Japan is far greater than the single day of January 1st. Historically, Shougatsu referred to the entire first month of the lunar calendar, and even today, it encompasses a period of celebration that typically lasts for the first three days of January (known as Sanganichi) or even up to the first week or two (known as Matsunouchi). For Japanese people, this is the most significant holiday of the year, a time for family reunions, spiritual renewal, and honoring the Toshigami (New Year deities) who are believed to bring luck and prosperity for the coming twelve months.

Cultural Scope: While 'New Year' in the West focuses heavily on the countdown on New Year's Eve, Shougatsu is a more reflective and traditional period starting on January 1st. It involves specific foods, decorations like Kadomatsu, and rituals like Hatsumode.

今年の正月は実家に帰って、家族とのんびり過ごす予定です。 (This New Year, I plan to return to my parents' home and spend some relaxing time with my family.)

In everyday conversation, you will often hear it with the polite prefix 'o', as お正月 (O-shougatsu). This addition reflects the respect and affection Japanese people have for the season. The concept of Shougatsu is deeply tied to the idea of a 'fresh start.' Businesses close, people clean their homes thoroughly in late December (Osoji), and the noise of modern life quietens down to make room for tradition. It is a time when the modern Japanese identity reconnects with its agrarian and spiritual roots. To use this word correctly, one must understand that it is not just a date on the calendar, but a state of mind and a series of mandatory yet cherished social obligations.

正月飾りを片付けるタイミングは、地域によって異なります。 (The timing for putting away New Year's decorations varies by region.)

Common Activities: Eating Osechi-ryori (special tiered boxes of food), receiving Otoshidama (money for children), and sending Nengajo (New Year's postcards).

You will use Shougatsu when discussing plans, reflecting on the past year, or describing the atmosphere of early January. It is versatile across all levels of formality, though in very formal documents, you might see 'Shinnen' (New Year) used instead. However, for the holiday itself, Shougatsu remains the undisputed king of terminology. Whether you are talking about 'Shougatsu-yasumi' (New Year's holiday/vacation) or 'Shougatsu-futori' (weight gain from overeating during the holidays), the word permeates Japanese life every winter.

子供たちは正月にお年玉をもらえるのを楽しみにしています。 (Children look forward to receiving New Year's money during Shougatsu.)

日本の正月は静かですが、とても神聖な雰囲気があります。 (The Japanese New Year is quiet, but it has a very sacred atmosphere.)

Regional Variations: In Kanto, Shougatsu decorations are often removed on January 7th, while in parts of Kansai, they stay up until January 15th (Koshougatsu).

旧正月を祝う地域もアジアにはたくさんあります。 (There are many regions in Asia that celebrate the Lunar New Year.)

Using 正月 (Shougatsu) effectively requires understanding its role as a noun that functions as a time marker. In Japanese grammar, time nouns often take the particle 'ni' when indicating a specific point in time, but they can also stand alone as subjects or objects. Because Shougatsu is a significant event, it is frequently combined with other nouns to create compound terms that describe specific holiday phenomena.

As a Time Marker: Use 'Shougatsu ni' to say 'at New Year' or 'during the New Year'. Example: 'Shougatsu ni wa nani o shimasu ka?' (What do you do during the New Year?)

正月は家族全員が集まる大切な時期です。 (New Year is an important time when the whole family gathers.)

When you want to refer to the 'New Year's holiday period' specifically (the days off work), you use Shougatsu-yasumi. Most companies in Japan close from December 29th or 30th until January 3rd. If you are talking about the food eaten specifically for this holiday, you use Shougatsu-ryori, though Osechi is the more specific term for the traditional boxed meals. Another common usage is in the phrase 'Shougatsu o mukaeru,' which literally means 'to welcome the New Year,' used when preparing for the transition from the old year to the new.

もうすぐ正月ですね。準備は進んでいますか？ (It's almost New Year, isn't it? Are your preparations going well?)

Common Verb Pairings: Shougatsu o sugosu (to spend New Year), Shougatsu o iwau (to celebrate New Year), Shougatsu ga kuru (New Year comes).

In a sentence like 'Shougatsu wa doko ni mo ikazu, ie de goro-goro shite imashita' (I didn't go anywhere during New Year; I just lounged around at home), the word sets the temporal context for the entire statement. It is also important to distinguish between Shougatsu and 'Gantan' (the morning of Jan 1st). While you can say 'Shougatsu ni hataraku' (to work during the New Year period), 'Gantan ni hataraku' is much more specific to that first morning.

私の会社は正月休みが５日間あります。 (My company has a five-day New Year's holiday.)

正月気分がなかなか抜けません。 (I can't quite get out of the New Year mood.)

Formal Contexts: In business emails, you might see 'Kyuga' (holiday) used alongside Shougatsu: 'Shougatsu kyuga no oshirase' (Notice regarding New Year holidays).

次の正月こそ、海外旅行に行きたいです。 (Next New Year, I definitely want to go on a trip abroad.)

You will hear 正月 (Shougatsu) everywhere in Japan as the end of the year approaches. In supermarkets, the background music changes to traditional Japanese instruments (like the koto playing 'Haru no Umi'), and announcements will frequently mention 'Shougatsu-yō' (for New Year use) products. This is the peak time for consumerism related to traditional food and decorations.

TV and Media: Television programs during the first week of January are almost exclusively 'Shougatsu Tokuban' (New Year Special Programs). Hosts will repeatedly use the word to welcome viewers and discuss the year's prospects.

テレビでは正月特番がずっと流れています。 (New Year special programs are playing on TV all the time.)

At Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples, the word is central to the atmosphere. Priests and visitors talk about 'Shougatsu-mōde' (another way to say Hatsumode). You will also hear it in the workplace as colleagues discuss their 'Shougatsu-yasumi' plans in late December. It is a common topic for small talk: 'Shougatsu wa dou suru no?' (What are you doing for New Year?). This is a friendly, standard way to ask about someone's holiday plans.

スーパーは正月用品を買い求める客で混雑しています。 (The supermarket is crowded with customers buying New Year supplies.)

In Schools: Teachers will give 'Shougatsu no shukudai' (New Year homework), often involving calligraphy (Kakizome) or writing about their goals for the new year.

Another place you'll encounter the word is in the famous children's song 'O-shougatsu,' which goes 'Mou sugu ne-shougatsu, fuyu-yasumi...' (Soon it will be New Year, winter break...). This song is played in malls and nurseries, embedding the word and its associated excitement into the minds of every Japanese person from a young age. Hearing this song is a clear sign that the 'Shougatsu-mood' has officially begun.

デパートの正月の初売りは大行列ができます。 (There are huge lines for the New Year's first sales at department stores.)

田舎の正月は、親戚がたくさん集まって賑やかです。 (New Year in the countryside is lively with many relatives gathering.)

News Reports: News anchors will report on 'Shougatsu no kikoku-rasshu' (the New Year homecoming rush), showing crowded airports and bullet trains.

「正月太り」という言葉をよく耳にします。 (I often hear the term 'New Year weight gain'.)

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing 正月 (Shougatsu) with 元旦 (Gantan) or 元日 (Ganjitsu). While they all relate to the New Year, their meanings are specific. Shougatsu refers to the entire holiday period (usually Jan 1-3 or 1-7). Ganjitsu refers specifically to the whole day of January 1st. Gantan refers specifically to the morning of January 1st. Using Shougatsu when you mean 'the morning of the first' is a common nuance error.

Mistake 1: Timing of Greetings: Do not say 'Akemashite omedetou' (Happy New Year) before January 1st. Before the year ends, you should say 'Yoi otoshi o' (Have a good year). Shougatsu greetings only begin once the clock strikes midnight.

✕ １２月３０日に「あけましておめでとう」と言う。
○ １月１日に「正月の挨拶」をする。

Another mistake involves the use of the polite 'O'. While O-shougatsu is very common and natural, in formal writing or when referring to the New Year in a purely chronological or academic sense, the 'O' is often dropped. However, in conversation, omitting the 'O' can sometimes sound a bit blunt or overly masculine. As a learner, sticking to 'O-shougatsu' in speech is generally safer and sounds more natural.

✕ 昨日の夜は正月でした。 (Last night was Shougatsu.)
○ 昨日の夜は「大晦日」でした。 (Last night was New Year's Eve.)

Mistake 2: Confusing with Lunar New Year: In modern Japan, Shougatsu almost always refers to the Gregorian calendar (Jan 1). If you mean the Lunar New Year (celebrated in China, Korea, Vietnam), you must specify 'Kyu-shougatsu' (Old New Year).

Lastly, learners sometimes use Shougatsu to mean 'the start of the school year' or 'the start of the business year.' In Japan, these both typically happen in April. For the start of the fiscal or academic year, the word is 'Nendo' (as in 'Shin-nendo'). Shougatsu is strictly for the calendar year transition. Using Shougatsu to discuss your new school semester in April would be highly confusing to a native speaker.

✕ ４月の正月から新しいクラスが始まります。 (New classes start from the April New Year.)
○ ４月の「新年度」から新しいクラスが始まります。

✕ 正月おめでとうございます。 (Shougatsu congratulations - unnatural)
○ あけましておめでとうございます。 (Standard greeting)

Mistake 3: Overuse in Mid-year: Using Shougatsu in July to refer to 'next January' is grammatically fine but can be confusing. Usually, people say 'Rainen no ichigatsu' or 'Kondo no shougatsu' to be clearer.

While 正月 (Shougatsu) is the most common term for the New Year period, several other words share the semantic space, each with its own nuance and register. Understanding these differences will help you sound more like a native speaker and understand formal announcements.

新年 (Shinnen): Meaning: 'New Year'. Nuance: More formal and academic than Shougatsu. Usage: Often used in written greetings ('Shinnen akemashite...') or official business speeches.
元旦 (Gantan) vs. 元日 (Ganjitsu): Gantan: Specifically the morning of Jan 1st (the kanji 旦 shows the sun over the horizon). Ganjitsu: The entire day of Jan 1st. Shougatsu is the broader period.

「新年」はスピーチや手紙でよく使われますが、会話では「正月」が一般的です。 ('Shinnen' is often used in speeches and letters, but 'Shougatsu' is common in conversation.)

Then there are terms for specific parts of the holiday. Sanganichi refers specifically to the first three days of January (1st, 2nd, and 3rd). This is the 'core' of Shougatsu when most people are off work. Matsunouchi refers to the period during which New Year decorations are displayed, traditionally ending on the 7th or 15th. If you are talking about the very first month of the year in a calendar sense, you would just use Ichigatsu (January).

三が日はどこも休みなので、正月の準備は早めにしましょう。 (Since everywhere is closed during the Sanganichi, let's do New Year preparations early.)

賀正 (Gashou): Meaning: 'Celebrating the New Year'. Usage: You will see this written in large kanji on New Year's postcards (Nengajo), but you would never say it out loud in conversation.

In some contexts, you might hear Hatsu-haru (Early Spring). This is a poetic, archaic way to refer to the New Year, stemming from the old lunar calendar where the New Year coincided with the beginning of spring. You'll see this in literature, haiku, or very traditional theater. For modern learners, sticking to Shougatsu and Shinnen will cover 99% of situations.

「正月」と「１月」の違いは、行事か期間かという点です。 (The difference between 'Shougatsu' and 'January' is whether you are referring to the event or the time period.)

旧正月は、中国や韓国で盛大に祝われます。 (Lunar New Year is celebrated grandly in China and Korea.)

Comparison Summary: Shougatsu = Festive holiday period. Shinnen = Formal/Written 'New Year'. Gantan = Morning of Jan 1st. Ganjitsu = Jan 1st (Full day).

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

Before 1873, Japan celebrated Shougatsu based on the Chinese lunar calendar. The switch to Jan 1st was part of the rapid Westernization during the Meiji Era.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK ʃəʊˈɡæt.suː

US ʃoʊˈɡɑːt.suː

In Japanese, the pitch accent is usually low-high-high-high (Sho-GA-TSU), though it can vary by dialect.

هم‌قافیه با

Hatsu (First) Natsu (Summer) Matsu (Wait/Pine) Batsu (Penalty) Tatsu (Dragon) Katsu (Win) Satsu (Banknote) Atsu (Pressure)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing 'tsu' as 'too' (it should be a crisp 'ts' sound).
Over-stressing the first syllable like 'SHOW-gatsu'.
Making the 'o' sound too long or like a diphthong.
Failing to pronounce the 'u' at the end softly.
Confusing the pitch accent with 'Shougatsu' meaning 'small month'.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 2/5

The kanji are very common and taught early in elementary school.

نوشتن 3/5

Writing '正' is easy, but '月' must be balanced correctly. The concept is simple.

صحبت کردن 2/5

Easy to pronounce, though the 'tsu' can be tricky for English speakers.

گوش دادن 1/5

Very distinctive sound and used frequently in winter.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

一月 (January) 休み (Holiday) 家族 (Family) 食べる (To eat) 行く (To go)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

元旦 (Gantan) 初詣 (Hatsumode) お年玉 (Otoshidama) おせち (Osechi) 年賀状 (Nengajo)

پیشرفته

歳時記 (Almanac) 門松 (Kadomatsu) 鏡餅 (Kagamimochi) 除夜の鐘 (Joya no kane) 松の内 (Matsunouchi)

گرامر لازم

Polite Prefix 'o' (お)

お正月 (O-shougatsu) - Adding 'o' makes the word more polite and respectful.

Time Particle 'ni' (に)

正月に実家に帰ります。 (I return home at New Year.)

Compound Nouns

正月 + 休み = 正月休み (New Year holiday).

Adjective formation with 'rashii'

正月らしい料理 (New Year-like food).

Topic Marker 'wa' for contrast

正月は忙しいですが、楽しいです。 (New Year is busy, but fun.)

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

お正月は楽しいです。

New Year is fun.

Uses the polite 'o' prefix and the simple 'A wa B desu' structure.

正月にお餅を食べます。

I eat rice cakes at New Year.

Uses the particle 'ni' to indicate the time when the action occurs.

お正月、おめでとう！

Happy New Year!

A very casual, shortened version of the standard New Year greeting.

正月は一月一日です。

New Year is January 1st.

Identifies the specific date associated with the term.

お正月に神社へ行きます。

I go to a shrine at New Year.

Combines the time marker 'ni' with the direction particle 'e'.

正月休みはいつからですか？

When does the New Year holiday start?

Uses 'Shougatsu-yasumi' as a compound noun.

きれいな正月飾りですね。

Those are beautiful New Year decorations, aren't they?

Uses 'Shougatsu' as a modifier for 'kazari' (decoration).

正月は家族といます。

I am with my family during New Year.

Uses the topic marker 'wa' to set the time context.

今年の正月はどこかへ行きますか？

Are you going somewhere this New Year?

Uses 'kotoshi no shougatsu' (this year's New Year).

正月休みは家でゆっくりしたいです。

I want to relax at home during the New Year holiday.

Uses the '-tai' form to express a desire.

子供の時、正月にお年玉をもらいました。

When I was a child, I received New Year's money.

Uses the past tense 'moraimashita'.

正月の準備はとても大変です。

Preparations for the New Year are very difficult.

Uses 'no' to connect 'Shougatsu' and 'junbi'.

お正月はスーパーが休みになります。

Supermarkets will be closed during the New Year.

Uses 'ni narimasu' to indicate a change in state.

正月には特別な料理を食べます。

We eat special food during the New Year.

Uses 'ni wa' for emphasis on the time period.

去年の正月は雪が降りました。

It snowed last New Year.

Uses 'kyonen no shougatsu' (last year's New Year).

正月は親戚に会うのが楽しみです。

I look forward to seeing my relatives at New Year.

Uses the nominalizer 'no' to make 'meeting' a noun.

正月気分が抜けないまま、仕事が始まりました。

Work started while I still hadn't gotten out of the New Year mood.

Uses 'Shougatsu-kibun' and the 'mama' construction.

日本では正月を家族と過ごすのが一般的です。

In Japan, it is common to spend the New Year with family.

Uses 'ippanteki' (common/general) for cultural description.

正月休みの間に、たまっていた本を読みました。

During the New Year holiday, I read the books that had piled up.

Uses 'no aida ni' (during the time of).

正月のおせち料理には、それぞれ意味があります。

Each item in New Year's 'osechi' food has a meaning.

Uses 'sorezore' (each/respectively).

正月になると、テレビで特番ばかり放送されます。

When New Year comes, nothing but special programs are broadcast on TV.

Uses 'naru to' (when it becomes) and 'bakari' (nothing but).

正月休みに旅行に行くのは、航空券が高いです。

Going on a trip during New Year break means expensive plane tickets.

Uses 'no wa' to make the whole clause a subject.

最近は正月でも営業している店が増えました。

Recently, the number of shops open even during New Year has increased.

Uses 'demo' (even) and 'fuemashita' (increased).

正月は一年の中で最も重要な行事の一つです。

New Year is one of the most important events of the year.

Uses 'motto mo' (most) and 'no hitotsu' (one of).

正月の帰省ラッシュで、新幹線は満席でした。

Due to the New Year homecoming rush, the Shinkansen was fully booked.

Uses 'kisei-rasshu' (homecoming rush).

正月飾りの門松には、神様を迎える役割があります。

The 'kadomatsu' New Year decoration has the role of welcoming the gods.

Uses 'yakuwari' (role/function).

正月は、多くの人が一年の計を立てる時期です。

New Year is a time when many people make plans for the year.

Uses the idiom 'ichinen no kei wa gantan ni ari'.

伝統的な正月を過ごす家庭が少なくなってきています。

The number of households spending a traditional New Year is decreasing.

Uses the 'te kuru' aspect for a continuing change.

正月太りを解消するために、ジムに通い始めました。

I started going to the gym to lose the New Year weight gain.

Uses 'Shougatsu-futori' and 'tame ni' (in order to).

正月の初売りで、欲しかった福袋を手に入れました。

I got the lucky bag I wanted at the New Year's first sale.

Uses 'hatsuuri' (first sale) and 'te ni ireru' (to obtain).

正月は、日本人の精神文化に深く根付いています。

New Year is deeply rooted in the spiritual culture of the Japanese people.

Uses 'fukaku nedzuite iru' (deeply rooted).

正月休みを利用して、資格試験の勉強に励みました。

I used my New Year holiday to work hard on studying for a qualification exam.

Uses 'riyou shite' (utilizing/taking advantage of).

正月の静寂を破るように、除夜の鐘が響き渡ります。

As if to break the silence of the New Year, the Joya-no-kane (New Year's Eve bell) resounds.

Uses 'seijaku' (silence) and 'hibiki-wataru' (resound far and wide).

文学作品において、正月は再生や希望の象徴として描かれます。

In literary works, the New Year is depicted as a symbol of rebirth and hope.

Uses 'saisei' (rebirth) and 'shouchou' (symbol).

正月の風習は、地域ごとの多様性を反映しています。

New Year customs reflect regional diversity.

Uses 'fuushuu' (customs) and 'han'ei' (reflect).

正月返上で働くエッセンシャルワーカーに感謝します。

I am grateful to the essential workers who work through the New Year period.

Uses 'henjou' (giving up/forgoing) - 'Shougatsu-henjou'.

正月のしつらえを整えることは、心を整えることでもあります。

Arranging the New Year decorations is also a way of arranging one's heart.

Uses 'shitsurae' (arrangement/setup) and parallel structures.

正月を旧暦で祝う文化圏との交流が、理解を深めます。

Exchanges with cultural spheres that celebrate New Year by the lunar calendar deepen understanding.

Uses 'kyuureki' (lunar calendar) and 'kouryuu' (exchange).

正月の華やかさの裏には、人知れぬ準備の苦労があります。

Behind the glamour of the New Year, there is the hardship of hidden preparations.

Uses 'hanayaka-sa' (glamour) and 'ura ni wa' (behind/on the flip side).

正月の伝統が薄れゆく現代において、その意義を再考すべきです。

In the modern era where New Year traditions are fading, we should reconsider their significance.

Uses 'usure-yuku' (fading) and 'saikou' (reconsideration).

正月の「正」が示す通り、この時期は自らの行いを正す好機です。

As indicated by the 'Sho' (correct) in Shougatsu, this period is an ideal opportunity to rectify one's actions.

Analyzes the kanji etymology within the sentence.

正月の歳時記を紐解けば、日本人の自然観が克明に記されています。

If you unwrap the New Year's almanac, the Japanese view of nature is vividly recorded.

Uses 'saijiki' (almanac) and 'himotoku' (to unwrap/read a book).

正月の祝祭性は、共同体の絆を再確認する社会装置として機能します。

The festive nature of the New Year functions as a social mechanism for reconfirming community bonds.

Uses academic terms like 'shukusaisei' and 'shakai-souchi'.

正月における贈答文化は、互酬性の原理に基づいた複雑な体系です。

The gift-giving culture during the New Year is a complex system based on the principle of reciprocity.

Uses 'goshuusei' (reciprocity) and 'taikei' (system).

正月の喧騒が去った後の「小正月」には、また別の趣があります。

The 'Koshougatsu' after the hustle and bustle of the New Year has passed has a different kind of charm.

Uses 'kensou' (hustle and bustle) and 'omumuki' (charm/flavor).

正月の言祝ぎは、言霊の力を信じる古代からの心性の表れです。

The New Year's blessings are an expression of the mindset since ancient times that believes in the power of words (kotodama).

Uses 'kotohogi' (blessing) and 'shinsei' (mindset/psychology).

正月をめぐる消費行動の変容は、日本社会の構造変化を如実に物語っています。

The transformation of consumer behavior surrounding the New Year vividly tells of the structural changes in Japanese society.

Uses 'hen-you' (transformation) and 'nyojitsu ni' (vividly).

正月の神事における秘儀性は、世俗化が進む現代でも一部で守り抜かれています。

The esoteric nature of New Year's Shinto rituals is still protected in some parts, even in today's increasingly secularized world.

Uses 'higi-sei' (esotericism) and 'sezoku-ka' (secularization).

ترکیب‌های رایج

正月休み

正月飾り

正月料理

正月太り

正月気分

正月用品

正月特番

旧正月

正月三が日

正月行事

عبارات رایج

お正月、いかがお過ごしですか？

— How are you spending your New Year? A standard polite greeting in early January.

お久しぶりです。お正月、いかがお過ごしですか？

正月を祝う

— To celebrate the New Year. Describes the general act of holiday observance.

家族揃って正月を祝いました。

正月を迎える

— To welcome the New Year. Often used when talking about preparations.

新しい気持ちで正月を迎えましょう。

正月を過ごす

— To spend the New Year. Used to describe where or with whom you are during the holiday.

今年はハワイで正月を過ごします。

正月があける

— The New Year period ends. Refers to going back to normal life after the holiday.

正月があけて、今日から出勤です。

正月が来る

— New Year is coming. Expresses the approach of the holiday season.

もうすぐ正月が来ますね。

正月準備

— New Year preparations. Refers to cleaning, cooking, and shopping done in late December.

正月準備で大忙しです。

正月返上

— Giving up the New Year holiday. Used when someone has to work through the break.

今年は正月返上でプロジェクトを終わらせる。

正月らしさ

— New Year-likeness. Refers to things that feel traditional or festive for the season.

着物を着ると正月らしさが出ますね。

正月の挨拶

— New Year's greetings. Refers to both spoken greetings and written cards.

近所の人に正月の挨拶をする。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

正月 vs 一月 (Ichigatsu)

Ichigatsu is the calendar month; Shougatsu is the holiday event.

正月 vs 元旦 (Gantan)

Gantan is only the morning of Jan 1st; Shougatsu is the whole period.

正月 vs 新年度 (Shinnendo)

Shinnendo is the start of the fiscal/school year in April.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"一年の計は元旦にあり"

— The plan for the year should be made on New Year's Day. It emphasizes the importance of starting early.

一年の計は元旦にありというから、今年の目標を決めよう。

Proverb

"盆と正月が一緒に来たよう"

— Like Obon and New Year coming at the same time. Used to describe being extremely busy or having many happy events at once.

孫が遊びに来て、盆と正月が一緒に来たような騒ぎだ。

Idiomatic

"正月太り"

— Weight gain specifically caused by overeating and lack of exercise during the New Year holidays.

正月太りを解消するためにランニングを始めた。

Colloquial

"正月気分が抜けない"

— To still be in the holiday mood. Used when someone is lazy or distracted after returning to work.

仕事は始まったが、まだ正月気分が抜けない。

Common

"寝正月"

— Spending the whole New Year holiday sleeping or lounging around at home.

どこにも行かずに、ずっと寝正月だったよ。

Casual

"正月三が日"

— The core three days of the year which are considered sacred and a time of rest.

正月三が日は料理をしない風習がある。

Standard

"松の内"

— The period during which New Year decorations are displayed; the 'inner' New Year.

松の内までは新年の挨拶をしてもいい。

Traditional

"小正月"

— Little New Year, around January 15th, often focused on prayers for a good harvest.

小正月には小豆粥を食べる習慣があります。

Regional/Traditional

"正月飾りを片付ける"

— To take down New Year decorations, marking the formal end of the festive period.

７日になったので、正月飾りを片付けた。

Standard

"正月笑えば一年笑う"

— If you laugh during the New Year, you will laugh all year long. Encourages a positive start.

正月笑えば一年笑うというし、みんなで笑い合おう！

Saying

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

正月 vs 元日 (Ganjitsu)

Both mean 'New Year'.

Ganjitsu is specifically the 24 hours of January 1st, whereas Shougatsu covers multiple days of celebration and tradition.

元日は国民の祝日です。

正月 vs 新年 (Shinnen)

Both mean 'New Year'.

Shinnen is more formal and refers to the calendar year. Shougatsu is the name of the festival and cultural period.

新年、明けましておめでとうございます。

正月 vs 大晦日 (Omisoka)

Occur at the same time of year.

Omisoka is Dec 31st (the end), while Shougatsu starts on Jan 1st (the beginning).

大晦日には年越しそばを食べます。

正月 vs 旧正月 (Kyushougatsu)

Both are 'New Year'.

Kyushougatsu is the Lunar New Year (variable date), while Shougatsu in Japan is always Jan 1st.

中国では旧正月を盛大に祝います。

正月 vs 初春 (Hatsuharu)

Both refer to the beginning of the year.

Hatsuharu is poetic and literary, while Shougatsu is the everyday word for the holiday.

初春の風が心地よい。

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

正月は [Adjective] です。

正月は楽しいです。

正月に [Verb-masu].

正月に神社へ行きます。

正月になると、[Action/Event]。

正月になると、親戚が集まります。

正月休みを利用して [Action]。

正月休みを利用して旅行しました。

正月ならではの [Noun]。

正月ならではの料理を楽しみました。

[Noun] は正月の風物詩だ。

凧揚げは正月の風物詩だ。

正月を控えて [Action]。

正月を控えて、街が活気づいています。

正月の喧騒とは無縁に [Action]。

正月の喧騒とは無縁に、山奥で過ごした。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

正月 (Shougatsu - New Year)

旧正月 (Kyushougatsu - Lunar New Year)

小正月 (Koshougatsu - Little New Year)

正月休み (Shougatsu-yasumi - New Year Holiday)

فعل‌ها

正月する (Shougatsu-suru - To celebrate/do New Year - rare/informal)

年越す (Toshikosu - To cross over the year)

صفت‌ها

正月らしい (Shougatsu-rashii - New Year-like)

مرتبط

元旦 (Gantan)

元日 (Ganjitsu)

新年 (Shinnen)

大晦日 (Omisoka)

一月 (Ichigatsu)

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Extremely high during December and January; rare during the rest of the year.

اشتباهات رایج

Using 'Akemashite omedetou' on Dec 31st. → Yoi otoshi o.
Japanese greetings for the New Year change strictly at midnight. Before Jan 1st, wish people a 'good year' (coming). After Jan 1st, congratulate them on the year 'opening'.
Saying 'Shougatsu-bi' for New Year's Day. → Ganjitsu or Gantan.
Japanese doesn't use '-bi' (day) with Shougatsu. To refer to the specific day, use Ganjitsu. Shougatsu is the period.
Confusing Shougatsu with the start of school. → Shin-nendo.
While Westerners might associate 'New Year' with a new semester, in Japan, these are separate. Shougatsu is only for the calendar year.
Expecting stores to be open. → Check holiday hours.
Unlike some Western countries where only Christmas is closed, many Japanese businesses close for the entire Sanganichi (Jan 1-3).
Using 'Shougatsu' to mean 'last month' in February. → Sengetsu.
Even though Shougatsu is 'Month 1,' you cannot use it as a relative time word like 'last month.' Use 'Sengetsu' for that.

نکات

Try Osechi

If you are in Japan during Shougatsu, try Osechi-ryori. Each ingredient, like black beans for health or shrimp for long life, has a symbolic meaning.

Use the Polite Prefix

Using 'O-shougatsu' instead of just 'Shougatsu' makes you sound more refined and culturally aware in most social situations.

Travel Warning

Be careful when traveling during Shougatsu. Trains and planes are extremely crowded as everyone returns to their hometowns (Kisei-rasshu).

Postcard Timing

If you send Nengajo (New Year cards), try to mail them by December 25th so the post office can deliver them exactly on January 1st.

Otoshidama Prep

If you have Japanese nieces or nephews, prepare small envelopes with some cash. It's the standard gift for children during Shougatsu.

Hatsumode Timing

You don't have to go to a shrine at midnight on Jan 1st. Any time during the first three days is considered a valid 'Hatsumode'.

Compound Words

Learn 'Shougatsu-yasumi'. It's much more common than saying 'Ichigatsu no yasumi' when talking about your winter break.

TV Specials

Watch Japanese TV on Jan 1st. The 'Shougatsu Tokuban' are a great way to see various celebrities and traditional performances.

Kanji Meaning

Remember that '正' means 'correct'. It helps you remember that Shougatsu is about setting things right for the new year.

Ozoni Variations

Try 'Ozoni' soup in different cities. The broth and ingredients change significantly between Kanto and Kansai!

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Sho' as a 'Show' and 'Gatsu' as 'Guts'. You need 'Guts' to put on a big 'Show' for the New Year!

تداعی تصویری

Imagine the kanji 正 as a person standing straight and 'correct' at the start of the year, under the 'moon' (月) of the first month.

شبکه واژگان

Osechi Mochi Shrine Family January Holiday Cleaning Money

چالش

Try to list three things you do during Shougatsu in Japanese using the phrase 'Shougatsu ni wa...'

ریشه کلمه

The term originates from Middle Chinese '正' (zhèng - proper/rectified) and '月' (yuè - month). It entered Japan along with the lunar calendar system.

معنای اصلی: The 'proper month' or the 'standard month' that serves as the basis for the rest of the year.

Sino-Japanese (Kango).

بافت فرهنگی

Be aware that if someone has had a death in the family during the past year, they do not celebrate Shougatsu or send/receive happy cards.

Unlike the party-heavy Western New Year, Shougatsu is more like a combination of Christmas (family focus) and Thanksgiving (traditional food).

The song 'O-shougatsu' (standard children's song). Hayao Miyazaki's 'Spirited Away' (themes of spiritual renewal). The 'Kouhaku Uta Gassen' TV special on New Year's Eve.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

At Home

正月飾りを出す
おせちを食べる
家族でゆっくりする
お年玉をあげる

At Work

正月休みの連絡
新年のご挨拶
正月明けの会議
仕事始め

At a Shrine

初詣に行く
おみくじを引く
お守りを買う
一年の無病息災を祈る

Shopping

正月用品の買い出し
初売りに並ぶ
福袋を買う
特売品を探す

Social Media

正月の写真をアップする
新年の抱負を書く
フォロワーに挨拶する
お正月気分を満喫

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"お正月はどこかへ出かけますか、それとも家で過ごしますか？ (Are you going out or staying home for New Year?)"

"お正月料理の中で、何が一番好きですか？ (What is your favorite New Year food?)"

"お正月休みは何日間ありますか？ (How many days of New Year holiday do you have?)"

"お正月に初詣には行きますか？ (Do you go for the first shrine visit of the year?)"

"子供の頃、お正月で一番楽しみだったことは何ですか？ (What was the thing you looked forward to most during New Year as a child?)"

موضوعات نگارش

今年の正月の目標を三つ書いてください。 (Write three goals for this year's New Year.)

あなたにとって理想的な正月の過ごし方を説明してください。 (Explain your ideal way to spend the New Year.)

去年の正月と今年の正月、何が違いましたか？ (What was different between last year's and this year's New Year?)

お正月料理（おせちなど）について、食べた感想を書いてください。 (Write your impressions of eating New Year's food.)

正月の伝統行事について、どう思いますか？ (What do you think about traditional New Year events?)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, while January 1st is the main day, 'Shougatsu' usually refers to the first three days (Sanganichi) or even the first week of January. Most people are off work for several days.

Both are correct, but 'O-shougatsu' is more common in polite, everyday speech. 'Shougatsu' without the 'o' is slightly more casual or used in formal writing and compound words.

The most iconic food is 'Osechi-ryori' (special boxed dishes) and 'Ozoni' (soup with mochi). Eating mochi (rice cakes) is a central part of the celebration.

No. In Japan, the new school and business year starts in April, but that is called 'Shin-nendo,' not Shougatsu. Shougatsu is strictly for January.

Generally, no. Japan switched to the Gregorian calendar in 1873. However, some areas like Okinawa and Chinatowns (Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki) still observe 'Kyushougatsu'.

It is a Shougatsu tradition where adults give money in small decorated envelopes to children. It is one of the things children look forward to most.

It literally means 'New Year weight gain.' It's a common phrase used to describe the extra weight people put on from eating too much festive food while relaxing at home.

Actually, it's quite quiet. Unlike Western New Year with parties and fireworks, Shougatsu is a time for family, reflection, and visiting shrines in a respectful atmosphere.

It depends on the region. In Tokyo (Kanto), it's usually January 7th. In Osaka/Kyoto (Kansai), it's often January 15th. This period is called 'Matsunouchi'.

It is the first visit of the year to a Shinto shrine or Buddhist temple. It is a key part of Shougatsu celebrations to pray for health and luck.

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