B2 adjective خنثی 2 دقیقه مطالعه

稀な

mare na /ɾe̞na̠/
تمرین کن نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

Overview

「稀な」 (marena) is a な-adjective in Japanese, signifying a state or quality of being rare, sparse, infrequent, or uncommon. It implies that something occurs or exists in small numbers, is not often encountered, or is out of the ordinary.

Usage and Nuances:

  • Rarity/Uncommonness: The primary meaning revolves around rarity. For example, 「稀な才能」 (marena sainou) means 'rare talent,' indicating a talent possessed by very few people. Similarly, 「稀な出来事」 (marena dekigoto) refers to a 'rare event' that doesn't happen often.
  • Infrequent Occurrence: It can describe events that happen infrequently. If you say 「稀な訪問者」 (marena houmonsha), you're talking about a 'rare visitor' who doesn't come around often.
  • Sparsity: While less common than for 'rare,' it can sometimes convey sparsity, especially in more abstract contexts. However, for physical sparsity, other words like 「まばらな」 (mabarana) are often preferred.
  • Exceptional Quality: In some contexts, 'rare' can also imply something of exceptional quality or value because of its scarcity. For instance, 「稀な経験」 (marena keiken) could mean a 'rare and valuable experience.'

Grammatical Conjugation:

As a な-adjective, 「稀な」 follows the typical conjugation patterns:

  • Attributive form (modifying a noun): 稀な + noun (e.g., 稀な花 - rare flower)
  • Predicative form (ending a sentence):
  • Present affirmative: 稀だ (mareda)
  • Present negative: 稀ではない / 稀じゃない (mare de wa nai / mare ja nai)
  • Past affirmative: 稀だった (maredatta)
  • Past negative: 稀ではなかった / 稀じゃなかった (mare de wa nakatta / mare ja nakatta)
  • Te-form: 稀で (mare de)

Examples:

これは非常に**稀な**ケースです。

  • Kore wa hijou ni marena keesu desu.
  • This is a very rare case.

彼女は**稀な**美しさを持っている。

  • Kanojo wa marena utsukushisa o motte iru.
  • She possesses a rare beauty.

このような機会は**稀な**ことです。

  • Kono you na kikai wa marena koto desu.
  • Such an opportunity is a rare thing.

その鳥は日本で**稀な**存在だ。

  • Sono tori wa Nihon de marena sonzai da.
  • That bird is a rare existence in Japan.

最近、彼が笑うのは**稀だ**。

  • Saikin, kare ga warau no wa mareda.
  • Recently, it is rare for him to laugh.

Synonyms and Related Terms:

  • 珍しい (mezurashii): Also means 'rare' or 'unusual.' Often interchangeable with 「稀な」, but 「珍しい」 can sometimes carry a stronger nuance of 'curious' or 'novel.' 「稀な」 tends to emphasize scarcity or infrequency more directly.
  • 滅多にない (mettani nai): An adverbial phrase meaning 'rarely,' 'seldom,' or 'hardly ever.' It describes the infrequency of an action or event.
  • 珍重な (chinjuuna): Means 'precious' or 'valuable,' often because of its rarity.

Understanding 「稀な」 allows you to express the concept of rarity and infrequency accurately in various contexts, from describing unique qualities to uncommon occurrences.

مثال‌ها

1

この地域ではパンダは稀な存在です。

animals

Pandas are a rare existence in this region.

2

彼は稀な才能の持ち主だ。

ability

He possesses a rare talent.

3

稀なケースですが、このようなことも起こりえます。

occurrence

It's a rare case, but something like this can happen.

4

最近では手紙を書くことは稀になった。

habit

Writing letters has become infrequent recently.

5

彼の成功は稀な努力の賜物だ。

achievement

His success is the result of rare effort.

ترکیب‌های رایج

稀なケース
稀な疾患
稀な才能
稀な出来事

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

稀な vs 稀

Used as a noun meaning 'rarity'.

الگوهای دستوری

稀な + noun (e.g., 稀なケース - a rare case) 稀に + verb (e.g., 稀に起こる - rarely happens) 稀である (is rare)

نحوه استفاده

The Japanese word '稀な' (mare na) is a na-adjective used to describe something that is rare, sparse, or infrequent. It functions similarly to 'uncommon' or 'seldom seen' in English. When modifying a noun, it directly precedes it, e.g., '稀なケース' (mare na kēsu - a rare case). When used predicatively, it takes the form '稀です' (mare desu - it is rare). It can also be used as an adverb by adding 'に' (ni), becoming '稀に' (mare ni), meaning 'rarely' or 'infrequently,' as in '稀にしか行かない' (mare ni shika ikanai - I rarely go). It's generally used for things that are not easily found or do not happen often, applying to events, objects, or even human characteristics. The nuance is typically one of infrequency rather than extreme difficulty or impossibility, though it can sometimes lean towards the latter depending on context.

اشتباهات رایج

The 'na' at the end is important. It indicates that it's a na-adjective. Forgetting it or using an 'i' ending instead (like with i-adjectives) would be incorrect. Also, don't confuse it with similar-sounding words that have different meanings.

نکات

💡

「稀な」と「珍しい」の使い分け

「稀な」は「めったにない」という意味で、事象の発生頻度が低いことを表します。「珍しい」は「めったにない」に加えて、「物事が普通と違っている」という意味合いも持ちます。そのため、単に発生頻度が低いことを言いたい場合は「稀な」を、加えてそれが普通ではないことを強調したい場合は「珍しい」を使うと良いでしょう。

💡

「稀な」の誤用

「稀な」は「稀なケース」のように、客観的な事実や確率について述べる際に使われます。個人の感想や主観的な評価を述べる際には、「珍しい」の方が適切です。例えば、「このカフェのメニューは稀だ」と言うと不自然で、「このカフェのメニューは珍しい」の方が自然です。

💡

「稀な」を使った表現の幅を広げよう

「稀な」はビジネスシーンや学術的な文章で頻繁に使われます。例えば、「稀な人材」「稀な才能」「稀な機会」のように、ポジティブな意味合いで使われることも多いです。また、「稀な病気」「稀な現象」のように、中立的な意味合いで使われることもあります。文脈に合わせて使いこなせるようにしましょう。

ریشه کلمه

The Japanese word '稀な' (mare na) originates from classical Japanese. The kanji 稀 itself means 'rare,' 'sparse,' or 'infrequent.' It has been used in Japanese literature and speech for centuries to describe things that are not common or happen only occasionally. The 'な' (na) at the end is a grammatical particle that turns the noun or noun-stem into a na-adjective, allowing it to directly modify a noun or be used predicatively with 'だ' (da) or 'です' (desu). The concept of rarity and infrequency conveyed by 稀 has remained consistent throughout its historical usage, reflecting a long-standing need in the language to describe such occurrences. Its usage can be traced back to ancient texts where it described unusual events, rare items, or infrequent conditions.

بافت فرهنگی

The concept of 'rare' (稀な - mare na) in Japanese culture often carries a nuanced appreciation, extending beyond mere infrequency. It can evoke a sense of value, uniqueness, and sometimes a hint of melancholy for something that is not commonly encountered. In traditional arts and crafts, 'rare' materials or techniques are highly prized, reflecting a dedication to craftsmanship and the beauty of the uncommon. In social interactions, a 'rare' opportunity might be treated with particular reverence or seen as a moment to be cherished. While scarcity can be a purely factual observation, in a cultural context, it frequently suggests a deeper significance or a special quality that sets something apart from the mundane.

راهنمای حفظ

Visualize something truly rare, like a blue moon or a four-leaf clover, and associate that image with the sound of 'mare' in 'mare na'.

سوالات متداول

4 سوال

'稀な' (mare na) is a na-adjective in Japanese that means 'rare,' 'sparse,' or 'infrequent.' It describes something that occurs or exists in small numbers or at wide intervals.

You can use '稀な' to modify a noun, similar to how you would use an adjective in English. For example, '稀なケース' (mare na kēsu) means 'a rare case,' and '稀な出来事' (mare na dekigoto) means 'a rare event.' It can also be used predicatively with 'です' (desu), such as 'それは稀なことです' (sore wa mare na koto desu), meaning 'That is a rare thing.'

Yes, some synonyms for '稀な' include '珍しい' (mezurashii), which also means rare or unusual, and '滅多にない' (mettani nai), which means something that rarely happens. While '珍しい' can sometimes imply uniqueness or novelty, '稀な' often emphasizes the low frequency or scarcity.

Antonyms for '稀な' would include words that describe something common or frequent. Examples include '一般的な' (ippan-teki na), meaning 'common' or 'general,' 'よくある' (yoku aru), meaning 'common' or 'frequent,' and '多い' (ōi), meaning 'many' or 'numerous.'

خودت رو بسنج

fill blank

彼女の家は町から遠く、非常に___な場所にある。

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
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このような___な現象は、数年に一度しか見られない。

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
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彼の才能は___であり、誰もが認めるものだった。

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

امتیاز: /3

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