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B1 adjective #3,200 پرکاربردترین 6 دقیقه مطالعه

유해하다

yuhaehada رتبه 3,200

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 유해하다 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 유해하다 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you usually learn simple words like '좋아요' (good) and '안 좋아요' (not good). '유해하다' is a bit advanced for A1, but you can think of it as a very serious way to say '안 좋아요' (bad). Imagine a doctor telling you that candy is bad for your teeth. They might use a word like this in a formal book. You don't need to use it yet, but if you see it on a sign with a big 'X' or a warning symbol, it means 'This is bad for you!' or 'Stay away!' It is mostly used for things like smoke, trash, or very unhealthy food. Just remember: '유해' = 'Harm'.

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At the A2 level, you are starting to talk about health and the environment. '유해하다' is a useful word for these topics. You might see it in a simple news article about pollution or a health blog. It is an adjective, so you use it like '건강에 유해해요' (It's harmful to health). Notice the particle '에'—it shows what is being harmed. You can also use it to describe things, like '유해한 물질' (harmful substance). At this level, try to recognize it on food packaging or in warnings about fine dust (미세먼지) in Korea. It is more formal than '해롭다', which you might already know.

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As a B1 learner, you should be able to use '유해하다' in specific contexts like environmental issues, social problems, and health discussions. This word is perfect for essays or formal speaking tests (like TOPIK). It specifically describes things that have a negative effect on health, the environment, or the development of young people. For example, you can discuss '청소년에게 유해한 환경' (an environment harmful to youth). You should also know the noun form '유해성' (harmfulness) and the opposite word '무해하다' (to be harmless). Understanding this word helps you transition from 'everyday Korean' to 'academic/professional Korean'.

At the B2 level, you should use '유해하다' to distinguish between different types of negative impacts. While '해롭다' is general, '유해하다' implies a scientifically or socially recognized harm. You will encounter this word in legal contexts, such as the 'Youth Protection Act' or environmental regulations. You should be comfortable using it with complex subjects, like '사회 통념상 유해하다고 판단되는 행위' (actions judged to be harmful by social standards). You should also be aware of collocations like '유해 성분' (harmful ingredients) and '유해 조수' (harmful birds/animals that damage crops). It is a key term for debating public policy or health standards.

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For C1 learners, '유해하다' is an essential part of a sophisticated vocabulary. You should use it to discuss abstract concepts, such as the '유해성' of certain ideologies or the '유해한' effects of systemic corruption. At this level, you can appreciate the nuance between '유해하다' and similar terms like '위해하다' (to endanger/harm - often used for physical threats to people) or '저해하다' (to hinder/detrimentally affect progress). You will see this in high-level editorials, academic papers, and government white papers. You should also be able to use it in the passive-sounding structure '~에 유해하다고 간주되다' (to be considered harmful to...).

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At the C2 level, '유해하다' is used with absolute precision in specialized fields. In environmental law, you might discuss the '유해 화학물질 관리법' (Toxic Chemicals Control Act). In ethics, you might analyze whether certain '유해한' cultural influences justify censorship. You should be able to manipulate the word in complex sentence structures, using it to build logical arguments. You will also recognize its use in classical or highly formal literature where Hanja-based vocabulary is preferred for its density and historical weight. At this level, you are not just using the word; you are understanding its place within the broader legal and social framework of Korea.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

유해하다 در ۳۰ ثانیه

유해하다 means 'harmful' or 'detrimental,' focusing on substances or influences that cause negative health or environmental effects.
It is a formal Sino-Korean word (Hanja: 有害) often found in news, science, and official warnings.
Commonly used with the particle '에' to indicate what is being harmed, such as '건강에 유해하다' (harmful to health).
It differs from '위험하다' (dangerous) by implying long-term or toxic damage rather than immediate physical risk.

The Korean adjective 유해하다 (yu-hae-ha-da) is a formal and precise term used to describe something that is 'harmful,' 'injurious,' or 'detrimental.' It is composed of two Hanja (Sino-Korean) characters: 유 (有) meaning 'to have' or 'to exist,' and 해 (害) meaning 'harm' or 'damage.' Therefore, its literal etymological meaning is 'to have harm.' While the native Korean word 해롭다 (haeropda) is commonly used in daily conversation, 유해하다 carries a more academic, official, or technical nuance, frequently appearing in news reports, scientific documents, and legal regulations.

Environmental Context: This word is the standard term for describing pollutants or chemicals that damage the ecosystem. For example, '유해 물질' (harmful substances) is a common phrase in environmental science.

공장의 폐수는 환경에 매우 유해하다.
(Factory wastewater is very harmful to the environment.)

Health and Safety: In medical or dietary contexts, it describes things like tobacco, excessive sugar, or radiation that negatively impact the human body. It suggests a serious level of danger rather than just being 'bad' for you.

흡연은 인체에 치명적으로 유해하다.
(Smoking is fatally harmful to the human body.)

Social and Moral Context: Beyond physical harm, it is used to describe 'harmful content' for children or society, such as violent media or '유해 매체물' (harmful media materials).

이 영상은 청소년에게 유해하다고 판단되었다.
(This video was judged to be harmful to youth.)

대기 오염은 호흡기 건강에 극도로 유해하다.
(Air pollution is extremely harmful to respiratory health.)

과도한 스트레스는 정신 건강에 유해하다.
(Excessive stress is harmful to mental health.)

Using 유해하다 correctly requires understanding its grammatical patterns and typical subjects. Because it is an adjective (descriptive verb), it functions as a predicate that describes a noun. The most common grammatical structure is [Noun] + 은/는 + [Target] + 에 + 유해하다. This translates to '[Noun] is harmful to [Target].' For example, '설탕은 치아에 유해하다' (Sugar is harmful to teeth).

Attributive Form: When modifying a noun directly, it becomes 유해한. This is essential for phrases like '유해한 환경' (harmful environment) or '유해한 음식' (harmful food). It sets a tone of warning or scientific classification.

유해한 가스를 흡입하지 않도록 주의하세요.
(Please be careful not to inhale harmful gases.)

Formal Declarations: In reports or news, you will see it combined with adverbs of degree like '심각하게' (seriously), '매우' (very), or '전혀' (not at all - usually in the negative form '무해하다').

이 화학 물질은 인체에 심각하게 유해하다고 보고되었습니다.
(This chemical substance has been reported to be seriously harmful to the human body.)

Combining with Adverbs: To describe the extent of harm, use adverbs like '인체에 유해하다' (harmful to the body) or '환경에 유해하다' (harmful to the environment). You can also use '백해무익하다' (harmful in a hundred ways and beneficial in none) for emphasis.

미세먼지는 어린이의 성장에 유해하다.
(Fine dust is harmful to the growth of children.)

가짜 뉴스는 사회 안정에 유해하다.
(Fake news is harmful to social stability.)

방사능은 생태계에 치명적으로 유해하다.
(Radiation is fatally harmful to the ecosystem.)

In South Korea, 유해하다 is a word you will encounter daily if you watch the news, read ingredients on products, or walk past government posters. It is the language of regulation and public safety. If a product is recalled due to safety concerns, the official reason given will almost always involve the word 유해하다.

The News and Media: News anchors use this word when reporting on environmental issues like yellow dust (황사) or fine dust (미세먼지). They might say, '대기질이 인체에 유해한 수준입니다' (The air quality is at a level harmful to the human body).

이번에 발견된 성분은 건강에 매우 유해하다고 합니다.
(They say the ingredient discovered this time is very harmful to health.)

Product Labels and Warnings: On the back of cleaning supplies or pesticides, you will see warnings like '유해 성분 포함' (Contains harmful ingredients). In schools, computers often have filters for '유해 사이트' (harmful websites) to protect students from inappropriate content.

학교에서는 유해한 웹사이트 접근을 차단하고 있습니다.
(Schools are blocking access to harmful websites.)

Workplace Safety: In industrial settings, signs warn of '유해 가스' (harmful gases) or '유해 광선' (harmful rays, like UV or X-rays). Employees are trained to handle '유해 물질' (hazardous materials) with specific safety gear.

작업장 내의 유해 요소를 사전에 제거해야 합니다.
(Harmful factors within the workplace must be removed in advance.)

자외선은 피부에 유해하다.
(Ultraviolet rays are harmful to the skin.)

정크 푸드는 건강에 매우 유해하다.
(Junk food is very harmful to health.)

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing 유해하다 with its homophone 유해 (遺骸). While '유해하다' means 'to be harmful,' the noun '유해' (different Hanja: 遺骸) means 'remains' or 'corpse.' Using the wrong one in a written context can lead to very dark misunderstandings! Another common error is using the wrong particle with the word.

Particle Confusion: Learners often try to use the object particle '을/를' because 'harmful' feels like it acts on something. However, '유해하다' is an adjective. You must use the dative particle ~에 to indicate the target of the harm.

건강을 유해하다 (X) → 건강에 유해하다 (O)
(Harmful to health.)

Overusing in Casual Speech: Using '유해하다' when talking to friends about a bad movie or a slightly salty dish can sound overly dramatic or robotic. In casual settings, use 안 좋다 (is not good) or 해롭다 (is harmful).

친구야, 이 과자는 건강에 유해해 (Sounds like a textbook speaking).
(Friend, this snack is harmful to health.)

Confusing with '위험하다': '위험하다' means 'dangerous' (immediate physical threat), while '유해하다' means 'harmful' (often long-term or chemical/moral damage). A lion is '위험하다', but smoking is '유해하다'.

사자는 건강에 유해하다 (X). 사자는 위험하다 (O).
(A lion is dangerous, not 'harmful' in a toxic sense.)

이 약은 과다 복용 시 유해할 수 있습니다.
(This medicine can be harmful if overdosed.)

플라스틱 연소 시 유해 성분이 배출됩니다.
(Harmful components are emitted when plastic is burned.)

Korean has several ways to express harm, each with its own nuance. Choosing the right one makes your Korean sound more natural and precise. Let's compare 유해하다 with its closest relatives.

유해하다 vs. 해롭다: 해롭다: Native Korean word, used in daily life, covers all types of harm. 유해하다: Sino-Korean word, formal, often used for scientific or social 'toxicity'.
유해하다 vs. 위험하다: 위험하다: Dangerous, implies immediate risk of accident or injury. 유해하다: Harmful, implies degradation of health or environment over time.
유해하다 vs. 치명적이다: 치명적이다: Fatal or lethal. It is a much stronger version of harm that implies death or total destruction.

술은 건강에 해롭다 (Common/Daily).
술은 간에 유해하다 (Formal/Medical).
술은 운전자에게 위험하다 (Immediate Danger).

Other Alternatives: 1. 악영향을 끼치다: To exert a bad influence (common in social contexts). 2. 독성이 있다: To be toxic (scientific/chemical). 3. 안 좋다: Not good (very casual).

이 버섯은 독성이 있어 먹으면 안 됩니다.
(This mushroom is toxic and must not be eaten.)

스마트폰 중독은 학생들에게 악영향을 끼칩니다.
(Smartphone addiction exerts a bad influence on students.)

너무 짠 음식은 위장에 유해합니다.
(Food that is too salty is harmful to the stomach.)

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The character 害 (해) originally depicted a house with a tongue inside, suggesting that harmful words spoken inside a home cause trouble.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK ju.hɛ.ɦa.da

US ju.hɛ.ɦa.da

Stress is generally even across syllables in Korean, but a slight emphasis may fall on the first syllable '유'.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 3/5

Common in news and labels, so recognition is easy once learned.

نوشتن 4/5

Requires knowledge of Hanja-based formal writing style.

صحبت کردن 3/5

Pronunciation is straightforward, but choosing the right context is key.

گوش دادن 3/5

Frequently heard in news and formal announcements.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

해롭다 나쁘다 건강 환경 문제

بعداً یاد بگیرید

무해하다 유익하다 위해하다 저해하다 치명적이다

پیشرفته

유해성 평가 환경 호르몬 발암 물질 생태계 파괴

گرامر لازم

~에 (Target Particle)

건강에 유해하다.

~ㄴ/은 (Adjective Modifying Noun)

유해한 물질.

~지 않다 (Negation)

유해하지 않다.

~ㄹ 수 있다 (Possibility)

유해할 수 있다.

~다고 하다 (Indirect Quote)

유해하다고 한다.

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

담배는 몸에 유해합니다.

Cigarettes are harmful to the body.

Simple [Noun] + 은/는 + [Target] + 에 + 유해합니다 structure.

이것은 유해한 음식이에요.

This is harmful food.

Attributive form '유해한' modifying the noun '음식'.

매연은 공기에 유해해요.

Exhaust gas is harmful to the air.

Subject '매연' (exhaust) with '유해해요'.

설탕은 이에 유해해요.

Sugar is harmful to teeth.

Target '이' (teeth) plus particle '에'.

유해한 것은 먹지 마세요.

Don't eat things that are harmful.

Noun phrase '유해한 것' (harmful thing).

이 가스는 유해합니까?

Is this gas harmful?

Interrogative form of '유해하다'.

술은 유해할 수 있어요.

Alcohol can be harmful.

Usage of '-ㄹ 수 있다' (can be).

유해한 연기를 피하세요.

Avoid harmful smoke.

Imperative sentence with '유해한'.

미세먼지는 건강에 매우 유해합니다.

Fine dust is very harmful to health.

Adverb '매우' (very) used for emphasis.

플라스틱은 환경에 유해한 물질입니다.

Plastic is a substance harmful to the environment.

Complex noun phrase '환경에 유해한 물질'.

어린이에게 유해한 장난감을 팔면 안 돼요.

You shouldn't sell toys that are harmful to children.

Target '어린이에게' (to children).

이 약은 임산부에게 유해할 수 있습니다.

This medicine can be harmful to pregnant women.

Target '임산부에게' (to pregnant women).

공장의 연기는 식물에게 유해해요.

Smoke from factories is harmful to plants.

Target '식물에게' (to plants).

유해한 사이트를 차단해야 합니다.

We must block harmful sites.

Object '유해한 사이트' (harmful sites).

이 성분은 인체에 유해하지 않아요.

This ingredient is not harmful to the human body.

Negative form '-지 않다'.

탄산음료는 뼈에 유해하다고 들었어요.

I heard that soda is harmful to bones.

Indirect quotation '-고 들었다'.

청소년에게 유해한 환경을 개선해야 합니다.

We need to improve environments that are harmful to youth.

Social context usage of '유해한 환경'.

이 화학 물질의 유해성이 입증되었습니다.

The harmfulness of this chemical substance has been proven.

Noun form '유해성' (harmfulness).

대기 오염은 생태계 전체에 유해한 영향을 줍니다.

Air pollution has a harmful effect on the entire ecosystem.

Collocation '유해한 영향' (harmful influence/effect).

유해 매체물로부터 아이들을 보호해야 해요.

We must protect children from harmful media.

Formal term '유해 매체물' (harmful media materials).

과도한 경쟁은 정신 건강에 유해할 수 있습니다.

Excessive competition can be harmful to mental health.

Abstract usage for mental health.

정부는 유해 식품 판매를 엄격히 규제합니다.

The government strictly regulates the sale of harmful foods.

Formal verb '규제하다' (regulate).

이것은 수질에 유해한 성분을 포함하고 있어요.

This contains ingredients that are harmful to water quality.

Target '수질' (water quality).

유해 조수가 농작물에 큰 피해를 주고 있습니다.

Harmful birds/animals are causing great damage to crops.

Specific term '유해 조수' (harmful birds/animals).

해당 영상물은 정서 발달에 유해하다는 판정을 받았다.

The video in question was judged to be harmful to emotional development.

Formal '판정을 받았다' (received a judgment).

유해 화학 물질 관리법이 더욱 강화될 예정입니다.

The Toxic Chemicals Control Act is expected to be further strengthened.

Technical term '유해 화학 물질'.

무분별한 개발은 자연 경관에 유해할 뿐만 아니라 위험하다.

Indiscriminate development is not only harmful to the natural landscape but also dangerous.

Grammar '-ㄹ 뿐만 아니라' (not only... but also).

가짜 뉴스는 민주주의의 근간에 유해한 요소로 작용한다.

Fake news acts as a harmful element to the foundation of democracy.

Metaphorical usage '민주주의의 근간'.

작업장의 유해 요인을 분석하여 안전 대책을 세웠다.

We analyzed harmful factors in the workplace and established safety measures.

Noun '유해 요인' (harmful factors).

이 제품은 인체 유해성 검사를 모두 통과했습니다.

This product has passed all human harmfulness tests.

Compound noun '인체 유해성 검사'.

유해 가스 배출량을 줄이기 위한 새로운 기술이 개발되었다.

New technology has been developed to reduce harmful gas emissions.

Noun '배출량' (emission amount).

지나친 카페인 섭취는 숙면에 매우 유해할 수 있다.

Excessive caffeine intake can be very harmful to a good night's sleep.

Formal term '숙면' (deep sleep).

사이버 불링은 청소년의 자아 존중감에 치명적으로 유해하다.

Cyberbullying is fatally harmful to the self-esteem of adolescents.

Strong adverb '치명적으로' (fatally/critically).

기업의 비윤리적 행위는 시장 경제의 건전성에 유해하다.

Unethical behavior by corporations is harmful to the soundness of the market economy.

Abstract concept '시장 경제의 건전성'.

환경 호르몬의 유해성에 대한 논란이 끊이지 않고 있다.

Controversy over the harmfulness of environmental hormones continues unabated.

Formal phrase '논란이 끊이지 않고 있다'.

특정 집단에 대한 혐오 표현은 사회 통합에 유해한 영향을 미친다.

Hate speech against specific groups has a harmful effect on social integration.

Formal verb '영향을 미치다' (to exert an influence).

농약의 오남용은 토양 생태계에 유해한 결과를 초래한다.

The misuse and abuse of pesticides result in harmful consequences for the soil ecosystem.

Formal verb '초래하다' (to bring about/cause).

학계에서는 해당 이론이 학문적 발전에 유해하다고 지적했다.

Academia pointed out that the theory in question is harmful to academic progress.

Formal reporting '지적했다' (pointed out).

유해 업소의 주거 지역 진입을 막기 위한 조례가 제정되었다.

An ordinance was enacted to prevent harmful businesses from entering residential areas.

Legal term '조례' (ordinance) and '제정되다' (enacted).

방사성 폐기물의 유해성은 수만 년 동안 지속될 수 있다.

The harmfulness of radioactive waste can persist for tens of thousands of years.

Formal verb '지속되다' (to persist/continue).

포퓰리즘적 정책은 국가 재정의 건전성에 장기적으로 유해하다.

Populist policies are harmful to the soundness of national finances in the long term.

High-level political discourse.

문화적 제국주의는 토착 문화의 고유성을 보존하는 데 유해할 수 있다.

Cultural imperialism can be harmful to preserving the uniqueness of indigenous cultures.

Sociological terminology.

유해 환경으로부터 아동을 격리하는 것은 국가의 당연한 책무이다.

Isolating children from harmful environments is a natural duty of the state.

Legalistic tone with '책무' (duty/obligation).

기술의 진보가 인간 소외를 야기한다면 이는 인류 미래에 유해한 것이다.

If technological progress causes human alienation, it is harmful to the future of humanity.

Philosophical conditional structure.

해당 약물의 유해성 기전이 분자 수준에서 명확히 밝혀졌다.

The mechanism of the drug's harmfulness has been clearly elucidated at the molecular level.

Scientific/Biological jargon '기전' (mechanism).

언론의 편향된 보도는 공론장의 건강한 토론 문화에 유해하다.

Biased media reporting is harmful to a healthy culture of discussion in the public sphere.

Political science term '공론장' (public sphere).

자본의 논리만이 지배하는 예술계는 창작의 자율성에 유해할 수밖에 없다.

An art world dominated only by the logic of capital cannot help but be harmful to the autonomy of creation.

Double negative '-ㄹ 수밖에 없다' (cannot help but).

생태계의 평형을 깨뜨리는 외래종의 유입은 자생종에게 극도로 유해하다.

The influx of invasive species that break the balance of the ecosystem is extremely harmful to native species.

Biological context '자생종' (native species).

مترادف‌ها

해롭다 나쁘다 위험하다 부정적이다

متضادها

무해하다 유익하다 이롭다

ترکیب‌های رایج

유해 물질

인체에 유해하다

환경에 유해하다

청소년 유해 매체물

유해 가스

유해 조수

유해 성분

건강에 유해하다

심각하게 유해하다

유해 업소

عبارات رایج

몸에 유해하다

— To be harmful to the body. Often used for food or habits.

가공식품은 몸에 유해한 성분이 많다.

백해무익하다

— To be harmful in a hundred ways and beneficial in none. A common four-character idiom.

담배는 백해무익한 기호품이다.

유해 사이트 차단

— Blocking harmful websites. A standard term in IT and education.

학교 컴퓨터에는 유해 사이트 차단 프로그램이 설치되어 있다.

유해성 논란

— Controversy over harmfulness. Used when the safety of a product is debated.

그 가습기 살균제는 유해성 논란이 일었다.

유해 환경 감시

— Monitoring harmful environments. Often refers to social or ecological monitoring.

시민 단체들이 청소년 유해 환경 감시에 나섰다.

유해 요소 제거

— Removing harmful factors. Commonly used in workplace safety.

작업 시작 전 유해 요소를 제거하십시오.

정서에 유해하다

— To be harmful to one's emotions or sensibilities. Often used for media.

지나치게 폭력적인 장면은 정서에 유해하다.

수질에 유해하다

— To be harmful to water quality.

폐기물 투기는 수질에 매우 유해하다.

피부에 유해하다

— To be harmful to the skin.

강한 햇빛은 피부에 유해할 수 있다.

유해 폐기물

— Hazardous waste.

유해 폐기물은 특별한 절차에 따라 처리해야 한다.

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

유해하다 vs 유해 (遺骸)

A homophone meaning 'remains' or 'corpse.' Context is essential to distinguish them.

유해하다 vs 해롭다

A native synonym. '해롭다' is more common in speech, '유해하다' in writing.

유해하다 vs 위험하다

Means 'dangerous.' Use '유해하다' for toxicity/harm and '위험하다' for physical risk.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"백해무익 (百害無益)"

— Doing a hundred harms and not a single bit of good. Very commonly used for smoking.

담배는 그야말로 백해무익하다.

Formal/Idiomatic

"독을 품다"

— To harbor poison. While not using '유해', it implies being harmful or malicious.

그는 유해한 의도를 품고 접근했다.

Metaphorical

"해를 끼치다"

— To cause harm. A broader phrase using the same Hanja '해'.

남에게 해를 끼치는 행동은 삼가야 한다.

Neutral

"유해무익 (有害無益)"

— Harmful and of no benefit. A shorter version of 백해무익.

이러한 논쟁은 유해무익할 뿐이다.

Formal

"눈엣가시"

— A thorn in one's eye. Describes someone harmful or annoying to one's situation.

그는 나에게 유해한 존재이자 눈엣가시다.

Idiomatic

"칼을 갈다"

— To sharpen a knife. Implies preparing to do harm or take revenge.

그는 유해한 계획을 세우며 칼을 갈고 있다.

Metaphorical

"미꾸라지 한 마리가 온 웅덩이를 흐린다"

— One loach muddies the whole pond. One harmful person ruins a whole group.

그의 유해한 행동 때문에 팀 전체가 욕을 먹었다.

Proverb

"화근이 되다"

— To become the root of a disaster. Something harmful that leads to bigger trouble.

작은 실수가 결국 큰 유해를 불러오는 화근이 되었다.

Formal

"독이 든 성배"

— A poisoned chalice. Something that looks good but is actually harmful.

그 제안은 유해한 조건이 숨겨진 독이 든 성배였다.

Metaphorical

"양날의 검"

— A double-edged sword. Something that can be beneficial but also harmful.

기술의 발전은 우리에게 양날의 검처럼 유해할 수도 있다.

Metaphorical

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

유해하다 vs 위해하다 (危害--)

Sounds similar and has a similar meaning.

'유해하다' is an adjective (to be harmful), while '위해하다' is often a verb (to do harm/endanger).

그는 남을 위해하는 행동을 했다.

유해하다 vs 저해하다 (沮害--)

Both involve the character '해' (harm).

'저해하다' specifically means to hinder or get in the way of progress.

소음은 공부를 저해한다.

유해하다 vs 무해하다 (無害--)

Opposite meaning but identical structure.

'무' means 'none,' so it means 'harmless.'

이 물은 마셔도 무해하다.

유해하다 vs 독하다 (毒--)

Both relate to harm or toxicity.

'독하다' can mean 'strong/pungent' (smell) or 'spiteful' (personality), not just harmful.

술이 너무 독하다.

유해하다 vs 심하다 (甚--)

Often used together (e.g., '유해가 심하다').

'심하다' means 'to be severe' or 'extreme,' not necessarily harmful by itself.

장난이 너무 심하다.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

A는 B에 유해해요.

설탕은 이에 유해해요.

A는 B에 유해한 영향을 미칩니다.

미세먼지는 건강에 유해한 영향을 미칩니다.

유해한 A를 피해야 합니다.

유해한 음식을 피해야 합니다.

A의 유해성이 입증되었습니다.

이 약의 유해성이 입증되었습니다.

A는 B에 유해하다고 판단됩니다.

이 영상은 청소년에게 유해하다고 판단됩니다.

A는 B에 치명적으로 유해할 수 있습니다.

사이버 불링은 자존감에 치명적으로 유해할 수 있습니다.

유해 환경으로부터 A를 보호해야 합니다.

유해 환경으로부터 아이들을 보호해야 합니다.

A의 유해성 기전이 밝혀졌습니다.

해당 물질의 유해성 기전이 밝혀졌습니다.

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

유해 (Harmfulness/Harm)

유해성 (Harmfulness - the quality)

유해물 (Harmful thing/substance)

유해물질 (Harmful substance)

무해 (Harmlessness)

فعل‌ها

위해하다 (To harm/endanger - related Hanja)

가해하다 (To inflict harm)

صفت‌ها

유해하다 (Harmful)

무해하다 (Harmless)

위해하다 (Dangerous/Harmful)

مرتبط

해롭다 (Harmful - native)

피해 (Damage/Harm)

손해 (Loss/Damage)

재해 (Disaster)

방해 (Interruption/Disturbance)

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Common in formal media, science, and government communication; rare in casual daily chat.

اشتباهات رایج

Using '을/를' instead of '에'. → 건강에 유해하다.
Because '유해하다' is an adjective, it cannot take a direct object. You must use the 'to' particle (~에).
Confusing '유해' (harm) with '유해' (remains). → Context: '유해를 발굴하다' (excavate remains) vs '유해 물질' (harmful substance).
These are homophones. Check the surrounding words to know if you're talking about pollution or a cemetery.
Using '유해하다' for immediate physical danger like a car crash. → 위험하다.
'유해하다' is for toxicity or long-term damage. '위험하다' is for immediate risk of injury.
Saying '유해해' to a friend about a bad movie. → 영화가 별로야 / 재미없어.
Using '유해하다' for a 'bad' movie sounds like you are a government sensor. It's too formal for casual opinions.
Forgetting the '한' in the attributive form. → 유해한 물질.
To describe a noun, you must change the adjective to the '한' form.

نکات

The '~에' Rule

Always pair '유해하다' with the particle '에'. It's the most common mistake for English speakers who want to use '을/를'. Think of it as 'It is harmful TO...' rather than 'It harms...'

Scientific Nuance

Use '유해하다' when you want to sound like you have evidence. It's the word of scientists and government officials. If you use it, people will take your warning more seriously.

TOPIK Success

On the TOPIK writing task, use '유해하다' when discussing social problems. It shows you have a high-level Hanja-based vocabulary.

Media Ratings

When you see a '19' rating on a Korean video, the reason is often that it is '청소년에게 유해하다.' This is a key cultural concept in Korean media regulation.

Casual vs. Formal

Don't use '유해하다' with your friends unless you're joking about being super serious. Stick to '안 좋아' or '해로워' for a natural vibe.

News Keywords

When you hear '유해' on the news, get ready to hear about pollution, recalls, or new safety laws. It's a major keyword for current events.

Hanja Power

Remember the 'Hae' (害) from '유해'. You'll see it in other words like '피해' (damage) and '손해' (loss). They all relate to something bad happening.

Hazard Signs

If you see '유해' on a label in Korea, do not touch or eat it without checking. It's the standard warning for hazardous materials.

The 'U-Hate' Mnemonic

If you struggle to remember the word, just say 'You hate' quickly. It sounds enough like 'Yu-hae' to trigger your memory of 'harmful'.

Noun Compounds

You can drop the '하다' and just use '유해' to make compound nouns. '유해 가스' is much more common than '유해한 가스' in technical writing.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Yu' as 'You' and 'Hae' as 'Hate'. You hate things that are 유해하다 because they are harmful!

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a bright yellow hazard sign with a skull and crossbones. This sign is for '유해 물질' (harmful substances).

شبکه واژگان

유해물질 (Harmful substance) 유해환경 (Harmful environment) 유해성 (Harmfulness) 무해 (Harmless) 건강 (Health) 오염 (Pollution) 독성 (Toxicity) 규제 (Regulation)

چالش

Try to find three things in your house that could be described as '유해하다' (like bleach or cigarettes) and say '이것은 유해하다' out loud.

ریشه کلمه

Derived from the Hanja characters 有 (유 - to have) and 害 (해 - harm). It literally translates to 'possessing harm.'

معنای اصلی: To be in a state where harm is present or potentially active.

Sino-Korean (Hanja-based)

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful not to use this word to describe people directly (e.g., 'You are 유해하다') as it sounds extremely cold and dehumanizing, like calling someone a 'toxic substance.' Use '해롭다' or '나쁜 사람' instead.

In English, we might use 'toxic,' 'harmful,' or 'detrimental.' '유해하다' covers all these but feels more like 'detrimental' or 'harmful' in a formal sense.

The 'Youth Protection Act' (청소년 보호법) frequently cites '유해 환경'. Public service announcements about Fine Dust (미세먼지). Labels on Korean cigarette packs.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Medical/Health Warning

건강에 유해하다
인체에 유해하다
부작용이 유해하다
성분이 유해하다

Environmental Policy

환경에 유해하다
유해 물질 배출
수질에 유해하다
대기 오염 유해성

Child Protection

청소년에게 유해하다
유해 매체물 차단
정서에 유해하다
유해 환경 단속

Workplace Safety

유해 가스 주의
유해 요인 분석
유해 작업 환경
유해 물질 취급

Product Safety

유해 성분 검출
유해성 테스트
유해하지 않은 소재
유해물질 불검출

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"요즘 미세먼지가 너무 심해서 건강에 유해할 것 같아요."

"아이들에게 유해한 유튜브 콘텐츠를 어떻게 차단하시나요?"

"이 화장품 성분이 유해하다는 기사를 보셨나요?"

"플라스틱 사용이 환경에 얼마나 유해한지 알고 계세요?"

"회사 작업 환경에 유해한 요소가 있나요?"

موضوعات نگارش

내 주변 환경에서 가장 유해하다고 생각하는 것은 무엇이며, 그 이유는 무엇인가요?

건강에 유해한 습관을 고치기 위해 내가 할 수 있는 노력은 무엇일까요?

청소년에게 유해한 미디어 콘텐츠를 규제해야 한다고 생각하시나요?

최근에 뉴스에서 본 '유해 물질' 관련 사건에 대해 적어보세요.

환경에 유해하지 않은 삶을 살기 위해 오늘 실천한 일은 무엇인가요?

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Generally, no. Calling a person '유해하다' sounds like you are calling them a toxic waste product. If someone has a bad influence, use '악영향을 끼치는 사람' or '나쁜 사람.' In very dramatic or modern contexts, some might say '유해한 사람' to mean 'toxic person,' but it is not standard.

'유해하다' is Sino-Korean (Hanja) and formal, used in news and science. '해롭다' is native Korean and used in everyday conversation. For example, a mom says '사탕은 몸에 해로워,' but a report says '당분은 치아에 유해하다.'

The direct opposite is '무해하다' (mu-hae-ha-da). You can use it for safe products, like '인체에 무해한 물티슈' (baby wipes harmless to the human body).

No, '유해' can be a noun meaning 'harm' or 'detriment.' You will see it in compound nouns like '유해 물질' (harmful substance) or '유해 가스' (harmful gas).

Always use the particle '에' to indicate what is being harmed. For example: '환경에 유해하다' (harmful to the environment).

Yes, it is often used for things that are bad for one's mental state, such as '정신 건강에 유해한 스트레스' (stress harmful to mental health).

Yes, it is a very common word in the TOPIK II (Intermediate/Advanced) reading and writing sections, especially in topics about the environment and society.

It refers to 'harmful birds and animals' that cause damage to crops or the ecosystem, such as wild boars or certain types of crows in farming areas.

If the smell comes from a toxic gas, yes. But if it's just a regular bad smell (like old socks), use '냄새가 나쁘다' or '고약하다.' '유해하다' implies actual damage.

The past tense is '유해했다.' For example, '그 물질은 과거에 유해했다고 알려졌다' (That substance was known to be harmful in the past).

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