A1 particle 3 دقیقه مطالعه

~입니까

A formal way to ask a question in Korean.

imnikka
Practice it

Explanation at your level:

You use ~입니까 to ask questions politely. If you want to ask 'Are you a teacher?', you say '선생님입니까?'. It is very easy to use because you just put it at the end of the word. You use this with people you do not know well.

At this level, you start using ~입니까 to ask for basic information. It is perfect for travel or shopping. For example, '이것이 얼마입니까?' (How much is this?). It shows you are a polite visitor who respects Korean culture.

Intermediate learners use ~입니까 to navigate professional environments. You will use it in emails or formal meetings. It is important to distinguish this from the ~에요 ending, which is polite but less formal. Use ~입니까 when you need to be strictly professional.

At this level, you understand the nuance of social distance. ~입니까 creates a formal barrier that is sometimes necessary in business. You will notice that news anchors and politicians use this almost exclusively to maintain authority and distance.

Advanced learners recognize that ~입니까 can be used for rhetorical effect. In debates or formal writing, it is used to pose a question that demands a serious answer. It carries a sense of gravity that other question endings lack.

Mastery involves understanding the sociolinguistic weight of ~입니까. It is not just a question marker; it is a tool for managing social hierarchy. In literature, it might be used to show a character's extreme deference or, conversely, their cold, detached nature. You must be able to switch between this and other speech levels seamlessly.

واژه در 30 ثانیه

  • Formal polite question ending.
  • Used with nouns.
  • Essential for business.
  • Shows high respect.

Welcome to the world of Korean politeness! ~입니까 is the formal interrogative ending you will hear in business meetings, news broadcasts, and when speaking to people older than you or in a position of authority.

Think of it as the formal version of 'Is it?' or 'Are you?' It turns any noun or verb base into a polite question. Because Korean has different levels of politeness, using this ending shows that you are being very respectful and professional, which is a great skill to have when meeting new people in Korea.

The Korean language is deeply rooted in Confucian values, which emphasize hierarchy and respect. ~입니까 evolved from the formal speech style known as 하십시오-che.

Historically, this structure was used to address royalty or high-ranking officials. Over centuries, it became the standard for formal public discourse. It is a combination of the copula '이다' (to be) and the formal question marker. Unlike casual speech, which has changed significantly over time, these formal endings have remained remarkably stable to preserve the social etiquette of the language.

You use ~입니까 when you want to sound proper and polite. It is most common in formal settings like job interviews, formal presentations, or when addressing a customer.

It is almost always attached to nouns (e.g., '학생입니까?' - 'Are you a student?'). While you can use it with verbs, it is more common to use '습니까' for verb stems. Remember, this is the highest level of politeness, so avoid using it with close friends, as it might make you sound like you are being sarcastic or distant!

While ~입니까 is a grammatical ending rather than a word, it appears in many set phrases.

  • 무엇입니까? (What is it?) - The standard way to ask for information.
  • 누구입니까? (Who is it?) - Used to identify someone formally.
  • 어디입니까? (Where is it?) - Used when asking for a location.
  • 언제입니까? (When is it?) - Asking for a time or date.
  • 괜찮습니까? (Are you okay?) - A very polite way to check on someone's well-being.

Grammatically, ~입니까 is attached to the end of a noun. If the noun ends in a consonant, you attach it directly. If it ends in a vowel, it remains the same.

Pronunciation-wise, the 'm' sound is nasalized, and the 'kk' is a tense, aspirated sound. In IPA, it is roughly [im.ni.kka]. A common mistake is to drop the tension on the 'kk' sound, which makes it sound like a simple 'k'. Practice the tense stop to sound like a native speaker!

Fun Fact

It is a contraction of '이' (to be) and '입니까' (formal question suffix).

Pronunciation Guide

UK /im.ni.k͈a/

Crisp, formal tone

US /im.ni.k͈a/

Strong emphasis on the final syllable

Common Errors

  • Softening the k
  • Dropping the m
  • Incorrect intonation

Rhymes With

있습니까 없습니까 갑니까 합니까 봅니까

Difficulty Rating

خواندن 2/5

Easy to read

Writing 2/5

Easy to write

Speaking 3/5

Requires correct intonation

شنیدن 2/5

Easy to hear

What to Learn Next

Prerequisites

이다 이/가 은/는

Learn Next

~습니까 ~입니다 ~에요

پیشرفته

~겠습니까 ~으시겠습니까

Grammar to Know

Formal speech level

하십시오-che

Copula

이다

Question markers

~입니까

Examples by Level

1

학생입니까?

Student-are you?

Noun + ending

2

의사입니까?

Doctor-are you?

Noun + ending

3

이름이 무엇입니까?

Name-what is?

Formal question

4

한국 사람입니까?

Korea person-are you?

Nationality question

5

선생님입니까?

Teacher-are you?

Respectful address

6

가족입니까?

Family-is it?

Identifying group

7

친구입니까?

Friend-is it?

Identifying relationship

8

이것이 책입니까?

This-book is?

Object identification

1

오늘이 월요일입니까?

2

여기가 학교입니까?

3

그것이 가방입니까?

4

당신이 김철수입니까?

5

이것이 정답입니까?

6

내일이 휴일입니까?

7

이분이 사장님입니까?

8

지금이 몇 시입니까?

1

회의가 10시입니까?

2

이 서류가 중요합니까?

3

결과가 만족스럽습니까?

4

그 계획이 가능합니까?

5

질문이 있습니까?

6

이것이 마지막 기회입니까?

7

상황이 심각합니까?

8

이 제안에 동의합니까?

1

귀하의 의견은 무엇입니까?

2

이 정책의 목적이 무엇입니까?

3

당사의 방침을 이해하셨습니까?

4

이 프로젝트의 예산이 충분합니까?

5

본인의 의사가 무엇입니까?

6

이러한 결정이 타당합니까?

7

향후 계획이 무엇입니까?

8

이것이 최선의 선택입니까?

1

이 현상의 원인이 무엇입니까?

2

귀하께서는 이 문제에 대해 어떻게 생각하십니까?

3

이러한 가설이 과학적으로 증명되었습니까?

4

본인의 철학이 무엇입니까?

5

이것이 우리 사회의 당면 과제입니까?

6

귀하의 결론이 무엇입니까?

7

이러한 관점이 보편적입니까?

8

이것이 진정한 의미의 정의입니까?

1

이러한 역사적 맥락이 현재에 어떤 영향을 미칩니까?

2

귀하의 논거가 충분히 설득력이 있습니까?

3

이것이 인간 본성에 부합하는 것입니까?

4

이러한 예술적 표현이 시대상을 반영합니까?

5

본인의 가치관이 무엇입니까?

6

이러한 모순을 어떻게 해결하시겠습니까?

7

이것이 철학적 담론의 핵심입니까?

8

귀하의 견해를 구체적으로 말씀해 주실 수 있습니까?

ترکیب‌های رایج

무엇입니까
누구입니까
어디입니까
얼마입니까
언제입니까
어떻습니까
몇 시입니까
가능합니까
괜찮습니까
동의합니까

Idioms & Expressions

"어떻게 생각하십니까?"

What do you think?

이 계획에 대해 어떻게 생각하십니까?

formal

"무슨 일입니까?"

What is the matter?

무슨 일입니까? 왜 울고 있습니까?

formal

"준비가 되었습니까?"

Are you ready?

모두 준비가 되었습니까?

formal

"이해가 되셨습니까?"

Did you understand?

설명이 이해가 되셨습니까?

formal

"성함이 무엇입니까?"

What is your name?

실례지만 성함이 무엇입니까?

formal

"도움이 필요하십니까?"

Do you need help?

혹시 도움이 필요하십니까?

formal

Easily Confused

~입니까 vs ~이에요

Both are polite

~이에요 is conversational, ~입니까 is formal

학생이에요? vs 학생입니까?

~입니까 vs ~습니까

Same ending sound

~습니까 is for verbs, ~입니까 for nouns

갑니까? vs 학생입니까?

Sentence Patterns

A1

Noun + 입니까?

학생입니까?

A1

Pronoun + 입니까?

누구입니까?

A2

Noun + 은/는 + Noun + 입니까?

이것은 책입니까?

A2

Time + 입니까?

지금이 몇 시입니까?

B1

Adjective + 습니까?

가능합니까?

خانواده کلمه

Nouns

이다 to be

Verbs

입니까 is it?

مرتبط

입니다 statement form

How to Use It

frequency

8

Formality Scale

Most formal Polite Casual Slang

اشتباهات رایج

Using ~입니까 with close friends. → Use ~이야 or ~니.
It sounds too distant and cold.
Adding ~입니까 to a verb stem. → Use ~습니까 for verbs.
Grammatically, ~입니까 is for nouns.
Pronouncing 'kk' as 'k'. → Use a tense, sharp 'kk'.
It changes the meaning and sounds unnatural.
Overusing it in casual conversation. → Use ~에요.
It makes you sound like a robot.
Forgetting the question mark. → Always add ?.
It is a question marker.

Tips

💡

The Suit Rule

If you are wearing a suit, use ~입니까.

💡

Job Interview

Always use this ending.

🌍

Respect

It shows you respect the listener.

💡

Noun Only

Only for nouns.

💡

Tense K

Make the 'kk' sharp.

💡

Don't use with friends

They will laugh at you.

💡

News Anchor

They use it every sentence.

💡

Flashcards

Practice with 'What is' questions.

💡

Verb stem

Use ~습니까 for verbs.

🌍

Hierarchy

Reflects Korean society.

Memorize It

Mnemonic

Imagine a soldier standing at attention asking 'Is it?'

Visual Association

A formal suit and tie.

Word Web

Politeness Formal Question Hierarchy

چالش

Try asking 5 questions using this ending today.

ریشه کلمه

Korean

Original meaning: Formal interrogative copula

بافت فرهنگی

Can sound aggressive if used in the wrong social context.

Equivalent to formal 'Is it?' or 'Are you?'

Korean news broadcasts Formal business dramas

Practice in Real Life

Real-World Contexts

At work

  • 회의입니까?
  • 가능합니까?
  • 동의합니까?

Travel

  • 여기가 어디입니까?
  • 얼마입니까?
  • 이것이 무엇입니까?

School

  • 선생님입니까?
  • 학생입니까?
  • 이해가 되었습니까?

Formal event

  • 성함이 무엇입니까?
  • 준비가 되었습니까?
  • 의견이 무엇입니까?

Conversation Starters

"실례지만, 성함이 무엇입니까?"

"이것이 무엇입니까?"

"회의가 몇 시입니까?"

"이 제안에 동의하십니까?"

"도움이 필요하십니까?"

Journal Prompts

Write a formal question to a boss.

Describe a formal event using this ending.

Practice writing 5 noun questions.

Compare formal and casual questions.

سوالات متداول

8 سوال

No, use ~습니까 for verbs.

No, it is very polite.

Yes, it is perfect for your boss.

Answer with ~입니다.

No.

Yes, for past tense use ~이었습니까?

Yes, very common in writing.

No, it is too formal.

خودت رو بسنج

fill blank A1

이것은 책___?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: 입니까

Formal noun ending.

multiple choice A2

Which is the most formal?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: ~입니까

It is the highest formal level.

true false B1

Is ~입니까 used with friends?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: نادرست

It is too formal for friends.

match pairs B1

Word

معنی

All matched!

Matching questions.

sentence order B2

کلمات زیر رو بزن تا جمله رو بسازی
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

Standard order.

امتیاز: /5

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