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A1 adjective 8 دقیقه مطالعه

고소하다

gosohada
مثال‌ها 고소하다 در ۳۰ ثانیه
توضیح 고소하다 in your Level:
At the A1 level, focus on the most common use of '고소하다': describing the smell and taste of food, especially sesame oil and nuts. You will likely encounter this word when learning about Korean food like Bibimbap. Think of it as 'nutty' or 'smells like toasted seeds.' It is an adjective, so you use it like '고소해요' (It is nutty). At this stage, don't worry about the figurative meaning. Just use it to describe delicious, savory snacks and oil. It's a very positive word for food. For example, '참기름이 고소해요' (Sesame oil is savory). Learning this word helps you go beyond just saying '좋아요' (good) or '맛있어요' (delicious) when eating Korean meals.
At the A2 level, you can start using '고소하다' to describe a wider variety of foods, such as milk, bread, and different types of nuts. You should also learn how to use the modifier form '고소한' before a noun, like '고소한 냄새' (a nutty smell) or '고소한 과자' (nutty crackers). You might begin to notice the word in simple advertisements for snacks. You should be able to distinguish '고소하다' from '달다' (sweet) and '짜다' (salty). A2 learners should also be able to use it in simple sentences to express their preferences, such as '저는 고소한 맛을 좋아해요' (I like nutty flavors).
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At the B1 level, you should begin to understand the nuance between '고소하다' and '구수하다.' While both are savory, '고소하다' is more for oils and nuts, while '구수하다' is for things like soybean paste and roasted tea. You can also start to explore the figurative meaning of '고소하다' (schadenfreude) in informal contexts. You might hear it in dramas or among friends when someone 'gets what they deserved.' However, you should also learn the social boundaries of this usage—it’s not something to say to a teacher or boss. You can use it to describe more complex food profiles, like the balance of flavors in a dish.
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At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using '고소하다' in both its literal and figurative senses. You can understand more complex expressions like '속이 다 고소하다' (to feel very satisfied by someone's misfortune). You should also be able to use the word in descriptive writing, such as a food review or a personal blog post, to convey specific sensory details. B2 learners should understand how '고소하다' reflects Korean cultural values, such as the importance of sesame oil in traditional cuisine. You can also use it to describe abstract things like a 'nutty' (rich/deep) voice or atmosphere, though this is less common.
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At the C1 level, you can appreciate the subtle literary uses of '고소하다.' In literature, the '고소한 냄새' might be used to evoke a sense of home, nostalgia, or domestic bliss. You should also be able to handle the figurative meaning with native-like precision, knowing exactly when it transitions from 'funny' to 'mean.' You can engage in discussions about Korean food culture and explain why '고소하다' is such a vital concept that doesn't have a direct one-word translation in many other languages. You might also encounter it in historical contexts or proverbs related to sesame seeds (깨).
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At the C2 level, you have a complete grasp of '고소하다' in all its dimensions. You can use it with perfect tone and register, whether you're critiquing a high-end culinary dish or using the figurative sense in a witty, sarcastic way. You understand the etymological roots and how the word has evolved. You can explain the 'gosohada' sensation to non-Koreans with ease, using various analogies. You are also aware of regional dialects or older variations of the word. Your use of the word is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker, including its use in sophisticated wordplay or metaphors.
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مثال‌ها

고소하다 در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • Primarily describes a nutty, toasted, savory smell or taste (e.g., sesame oil).
  • Commonly used to describe nuts, roasted grains, and traditional Korean snacks.
  • Figuratively means 'serves you right' or feeling schadenfreude toward a rival.
  • An essential word for describing Korean culinary aromatics beyond just 'delicious'.

The Korean adjective 고소하다 (gosohada) is a word that captures a sensory experience deeply rooted in Korean culinary culture. At its primary level, it describes a very specific flavor and aroma: the rich, toasted, and nutty profile of roasted seeds, grains, or fats. If you have ever smelled freshly toasted sesame seeds or high-quality sesame oil (참기름), you have experienced the essence of gosohada. It is the opposite of 'bitter' or 'greasy' in a negative sense; instead, it refers to that pleasant, deep, and savory richness that makes your mouth water. In English, we often lack a single perfect equivalent, oscillating between 'nutty,' 'toasted,' and 'savory.'

Culinary Context
Used to describe sesame oil, roasted peanuts, walnuts, scorched rice (누룽지), and even the crust of well-baked bread.
The Emotional Twist
Intriguingly, the word has a secondary, figurative meaning: a sense of satisfaction or 'sweet revenge' when someone you dislike experiences a misfortune they deserve. It is the Korean equivalent of 'schadenfreude' or saying 'it serves them right.'

참기름 냄새가 정말 고소해요. (The smell of sesame oil is really savory/nutty.)

In daily life, you will hear this word most often in the kitchen. Koreans value the 'goso' factor in many dishes, particularly Bibimbap or Namul (seasoned vegetables), where a few drops of sesame oil provide that final, indispensable aromatic touch. If a snack like a cracker is described as gosohada, it implies a dry, roasted, and rich flavor profile rather than a sweet or salty one. It is a word of high praise for food that feels wholesome and comforting. The emotional usage, however, is more colloquial and should be used with caution as it can sound spiteful.

과자가 바삭하고 고소하네요. (The cracker is crispy and nutty.)

Understanding the duality of this word is key. While the physical sense is about warmth and aroma, the metaphorical sense is about the 'crisp' satisfaction of seeing cosmic justice served. Imagine a rival who cheated to win a race suddenly tripping right before the finish line; a Korean speaker might think, '아, 고소하다!' (Ah, how satisfying/serves them right!). This transition from taste to emotion suggests that the feeling of seeing justice is as 'tasty' and 'satisfying' as the smell of toasted sesame.

Using 고소하다 correctly involves mastering its adjective forms and knowing which nouns it typically modifies. As a descriptive verb (adjective), it follows standard Korean conjugation patterns. In the polite present tense, it becomes 고소해요. In the past tense, it is 고소했어요. When modifying a noun directly, the form changes to 고소한 (e.g., 고소한 냄새 - a nutty smell).

Direct Modification
고소한 빵 (Nutty/savory bread), 고소한 아몬드 (Toasted/nutty almonds).
Predicative Use
이 우유는 참 고소하네요. (This milk is very rich/savory.)

방금 구운 빵의 고소한 향기가 진동해요. (The nutty aroma of freshly baked bread is everywhere.)

When using the word in its figurative sense (schadenfreude), it often appears in phrases like 속이 고소하다 (literally 'my inside is nutty/satisfied') or simply as an exclamation. However, be careful: using it about a friend's misfortune is mean-spirited. It is reserved for people you genuinely dislike or situations where someone's arrogance led to their downfall. In a more formal setting, you would rarely use the figurative meaning, as it lacks decorum.

나를 괴롭히던 선배가 혼나는 걸 보니 고소하다. (Seeing the senior who bullied me get scolded feels satisfying/serves him right.)

For learners, the most productive way to use this word is to describe food. Try adding adverbs like 정말 (really), 참 (very), or 무척 (extremely) to emphasize the intensity of the flavor. If you are eating Nurungji (scorched rice soup), you can say, "국물이 아주 고소해요" (The broth is very savory/nutty). This specific adjective helps you avoid the generic '맛있다' and shows you understand the nuances of Korean flavor profiles.

You will encounter 고소하다 in various real-life scenarios, from traditional markets to modern television dramas. In a traditional Korean market (시장), the smell of sesame oil being pressed is the quintessential '고소한 냄새'. Merchants might shout about how their sesame seeds are '고소함의 끝판왕' (the ultimate in nuttiness) to attract customers. It is a word that evokes nostalgia for many Koreans, reminding them of home-cooked meals and the comforting scent of a mother's kitchen.

Cooking Shows (Mukbang/Cookbang)
Hosts frequently use this word when tasting fried food, nuts, or anything seasoned with sesame oil. It's a staple in their descriptive vocabulary.
Daily Conversations
Friends discussing snacks or coffee. For instance, a latte made with high-quality beans might be described as '고소하다' rather than just 'bitter'.

이 원두는 산미보다 고소한 맛이 강해요. (These coffee beans have a stronger nutty flavor than acidity.)

In K-Dramas, the figurative meaning often takes center stage. When a villain's plan backfires, the protagonist or a supporting character might mutter, "아유, 고소해!" while watching from a distance. This usage is very expressive and usually accompanied by a smirk or a feeling of relief. It's a way of saying that the universe has balanced itself out. However, in a professional workplace, you would rarely hear this because it sounds somewhat petty or unprofessional.

그 사람이 벌을 받는 걸 보니 고소하다는 생각이 들었어요. (Seeing that person get punished, I felt it served them right.)

Finally, you'll see this word on food packaging. Snack brands often use '고소한' in their product names to emphasize a traditional, savory flavor. For example, '고소한 미역국' (savory seaweed soup) or '고소한 인절미' (nutty bean-powder rice cake). In these contexts, it promises a flavor that is not overwhelming but deeply satisfying and 'clean' in a savory way.

One of the most common mistakes learners make with 고소하다 is over-extending its meaning to any 'good' savory taste. It is not a synonym for salty (짜다) or umami-rich (감칠맛 나다). While a dish can be both salty and goso, goso specifically refers to the toasted/nutty element. If you call a piece of salty dried fish '고소하다' without any nutty or oily richness, it might sound odd to a native speaker.

Confusing with 'Delicious'
Don't use it for sweets like cake or fruit. Those are '달콤하다' (sweet). '고소하다' is for grains, nuts, and oils.
Misusing the Figurative Meaning
Using '고소하다' when someone you like has a small accident. That's rude! Only use it for people who 'deserved' it.

❌ 이 사과는 참 고소해요. (This apple is very nutty - wrong unless it's a very strange apple!)

Another nuance is the difference between 고소하다 and 구수하다. While both can mean 'savory,' 구수하다 is often used for fermented or deeply boiled smells like Doenjang-jjigae (soybean paste stew) or roasted barley tea. 고소하다 is lighter, crispier, and more 'oily' in a good way. Confusing these two won't make you misunderstood, but using them correctly makes your Korean sound much more natural.

❌ 친구가 넘어져서 고소해요. (I'm glad my friend fell - very mean/unnatural unless you hate the friend.)

Lastly, avoid using the emotional meaning in formal writing or to superiors. It's a very 'gut-level' expression. If you're writing a formal essay about justice, use words like '정의구현' (realization of justice) instead of '고소하다'. Keep gosohada for your snacks, your cooking, and your very close-knit venting sessions with friends.

To broaden your vocabulary, it's helpful to see how 고소하다 fits into the landscape of other Korean flavor and emotion words. Depending on the context, you might want to choose a word that is more specific or has a slightly different nuance.

구수하다 (Gusuhada)
Similar to 'nutty' but deeper and earthier. Think of soybean paste stew (된장찌개) or roasted corn tea (옥수수차). It feels more 'traditional' and 'deep' than the lighter '고소하다'.
담백하다 (Dambaekhada)
Means 'plain,' 'clean,' or 'light' in flavor. If a dish is savory but not oily at all, this is the better word. It's the opposite of being greasy or overly seasoned.
쌤통이다 (Ssaemtong-ida)
The direct equivalent of 'Serves you right!' It is used exclusively for the figurative meaning and is even more colloquial and blunt than '고소하다'.

이 국물은 구수하고 깊은 맛이 나요. (This broth has a deep, earthy savory taste.)

In terms of English equivalents, for the food sense, you can use 'nutty,' 'toasted,' 'savory,' or 'rich.' For the emotional sense, 'schadenfreude,' 'satisfying,' or 'serves them right' are the best fits. However, none of these English words perfectly bridge both the culinary and emotional worlds the way gosohada does.

맛이 아주 담백해서 질리지 않아요. (The taste is very clean/plain, so I don't get tired of it.)

When you are describing a snack, you might say it's 짭짤하고 고소하다 (salty and nutty), which is the holy grail of snack flavors in Korea. If you are watching a movie and the villain finally gets caught, you might say 고소하다 to your friend. Having these alternatives allows you to be more precise and expressive in your Korean conversations.

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

우유가 고소해요.

The milk is nutty/rich.

Polite present tense of 고소하다.

2

이 빵은 고소합니다.

This bread is savory/nutty.

Formal polite present tense.

3

참기름이 정말 고소해요.

The sesame oil is really savory.

정말 (really) adds emphasis.

4

고소한 냄새가 나요.

It smells nutty/savory.

고소한 modifies the noun 냄새.

5

땅콩은 고소해요.

Peanuts are nutty.

General statement about a food property.

6

과자가 아주 고소해요.

The cracker is very savory.

아주 (very) is used for emphasis.

7

고소한 맛이 좋아요.

I like the nutty taste.

고소한 맛 (nutty taste) as the subject.

8

이 아몬드 고소해요?

Is this almond nutty?

Question form with rising intonation.

1

고소한 냄새 때문에 배가 고파요.

I'm hungry because of the nutty smell.

-때문에 (because of) indicates the reason.

2

시장에서 고소한 참기름을 샀어요.

I bought savory sesame oil at the market.

Past tense 샀어요 (bought).

3

이 과자는 달지 않고 고소해요.

This snack is not sweet but savory.

-지 않고 (not... but) connects two adjectives.

4

엄마가 고소한 깨를 볶고 있어요.

Mom is roasting savory sesame seeds.

-고 있다 (is doing) indicates progressive action.

5

견과류는 몸에 좋고 고소해요.

Nuts are good for the body and nutty.

-고 (and) connects two descriptions.

6

커피가 아주 고소하고 맛있네요.

The coffee is very nutty and delicious.

-네요 expresses surprise or realization.

7

고소한 팝콘을 먹으면서 영화를 봐요.

I watch a movie while eating savory popcorn.

-(으)면서 (while) indicates simultaneous actions.

8

이 빵은 고소한 맛이 특징이에요.

The nutty flavor is the characteristic of this bread.

특징 (characteristic) + -이에요 (is).

1

콩국수가 시원하고 참 고소하네요.

The cold soy milk noodles are refreshing and very savory.

Describes the specific flavor of soy milk broth.

2

들기름을 넣으니 훨씬 더 고소해졌어요.

It became much more savory after adding perilla oil.

-아/어지다 (become) indicates a change in state.

3

그 사람이 실수하는 걸 보니 좀 고소했어요.

Seeing him make a mistake felt a bit satisfying (serves him right).

First introduction of the figurative meaning.

4

누룽지의 고소한 맛은 한국인이 정말 좋아해요.

Koreans really love the savory taste of scorched rice.

Focuses on cultural food preferences.

5

현미밥은 백미보다 더 고소한 것 같아요.

I think brown rice is nuttier than white rice.

-보다 (than) for comparison; -(ㄴ) 것 같다 (I think).

6

고소한 치즈가 듬뿍 들어간 피자를 주문했어요.

I ordered a pizza with plenty of savory cheese.

듬뿍 (plenty/generously) as an adverb.

7

이 차는 고소한 향이 일품이네요.

The savory aroma of this tea is excellent.

일품이다 (to be top-notch/excellent).

8

나쁜 짓을 하더니 결국 잡혔다니 고소하다.

It's satisfying to hear he finally got caught after doing bad things.

-더니 (since/after) connects a past action to a result.

1

참기름의 고소한 풍미가 나물 요리의 핵심이에요.

The savory flavor of sesame oil is the key to seasoned vegetable dishes.

풍미 (flavor/zest) is a more advanced word than 맛.

2

겉은 바삭하고 속은 고소한 튀김이 먹고 싶어요.

I want to eat fried food that is crispy on the outside and savory on the inside.

겉 (outside) and 속 (inside) contrast.

3

얄미운 직장 상사가 혼나는 걸 보니 속이 다 고소하네요.

Seeing my annoying boss get scolded feels so satisfying.

속이 다 고소하다 is a common idiomatic expression for schadenfreude.

4

이 원두는 견과류의 고소함과 초콜릿의 달콤함이 조화로워요.

These beans have a harmony of nuttiness and chocolate sweetness.

고소함 (nuttiness) is the noun form; 조화롭다 (to be harmonious).

5

깨를 직접 볶으면 집안 가득 고소한 향이 퍼져요.

If you roast sesame seeds yourself, a savory scent spreads throughout the house.

-(으)면 (if) and 퍼지다 (to spread).

6

고소한 맛을 더하기 위해 호두를 잘게 부수어 넣었어요.

I crushed walnuts into small pieces to add a nutty flavor.

-기 위해 (in order to) expresses purpose.

7

그가 실패했다는 소식을 듣고 고소해하는 사람들도 있었다.

There were some people who felt satisfied hearing the news of his failure.

-어/아하다 makes an adjective into a verb describing someone's feeling.

8

메밀면의 고소하고 담백한 매력에 빠졌어요.

I've fallen for the savory and clean charm of buckwheat noodles.

매력에 빠지다 (to fall for the charm).

1

어린 시절 어머니가 해주시던 고소한 강정의 맛이 그립다.

I miss the taste of the savory traditional grain snacks my mother used to make in my childhood.

-던 (used to) indicates a recurring past action.

2

정의를 비웃던 그가 법의 심판을 받으니 참으로 고소한 일이다.

It is truly a satisfying thing that he, who mocked justice, is now being judged by the law.

C1 level usage of the figurative meaning in a more formal/literary way.

3

이 와인은 견과류의 고소한 풍미와 적절한 산미가 어우러져 있다.

This wine has a savory nutty flavor and appropriate acidity blended together.

어우러지다 (to be harmonized/blended).

4

그의 배신을 알고 나니, 그가 겪는 불행이 고소하게 느껴질 뿐이다.

After learning of his betrayal, I only feel satisfied by the misfortune he is experiencing.

-게 느껴지다 (to be felt as...).

5

전통 방식 그대로 짜낸 참기름은 시중 제품보다 훨씬 고소하다.

Sesame oil pressed in the traditional way is much more savory than commercial products.

시중 제품 (market/commercial products).

6

고소한 들깨가루를 듬뿍 넣은 탕 요리는 보양식으로 으뜸이다.

Soup dishes with plenty of savory perilla seed powder are the best for health food.

보양식 (health food/stamina food) and 으뜸 (the best).

7

경쟁사의 부도 소식에 고소해하는 것은 상도의에 어긋나는 일이다.

Feeling satisfied at the news of a competitor's bankruptcy is against business ethics.

상도의 (business ethics) and 어긋나다 (to go against).

8

갓 볶아낸 원두에서 풍기는 고소한 향이 카페 안을 가득 채웠다.

The savory aroma wafting from the freshly roasted beans filled the cafe.

풍기다 (to waft/give off a smell).

1

인간의 본성에는 타인의 불행을 고소해하는 일말의 잔인함이 숨어 있다.

There is a sliver of cruelty hidden in human nature that feels satisfied by the misfortunes of others.

Sophisticated psychological observation using the figurative meaning.

2

세월의 깊이가 더해진 된장의 고소함은 인위적인 조미료로는 흉내 낼 수 없다.

The nuttiness of soybean paste deepened by time cannot be mimicked by artificial seasonings.

인위적 (artificial) and 흉내 내다 (to mimic).

3

사필귀정의 상황을 목도하며 느끼는 고소함은 인간이 누리는 원초적 쾌락 중 하나다.

The satisfaction felt while witnessing justice being served is one of the primal pleasures humans enjoy.

사필귀정 (justice will prevail - four-character idiom) and 목도하다 (to witness).

4

시골 장터에서 맡았던 고소한 참기름 향은 내 유년의 기억을 관통하는 매개체다.

The savory scent of sesame oil from the village market is a medium that pierces through my childhood memories.

관통하다 (to pierce/penetrate) and 매개체 (medium).

5

그의 몰락이 고소하기는커녕 오히려 씁쓸한 뒷맛을 남겼다.

Far from being satisfying, his downfall rather left a bitter aftertaste.

-기는커녕 (far from/let alone) and 씁쓸한 뒷맛 (bitter aftertaste).

6

장인의 손길로 볶아낸 깨의 고소함은 미각의 지평을 넓혀주는 예술적 경험이다.

The nuttiness of seeds roasted by a master's hand is an artistic experience that broadens the horizons of taste.

미각의 지평 (horizons of taste) and 예술적 경험 (artistic experience).

7

악인의 파멸을 보며 고소함을 느끼는 대중의 심리는 고대 비극에서부터 이어져 왔다.

The psychology of the public feeling satisfied at the destruction of a villain has continued since ancient tragedies.

파멸 (destruction/ruin) and 이어져 오다 (to have continued).

8

고소한 풍미를 극대화하기 위해 저온 압착 방식을 선택하는 것은 탁월한 전략이다.

Choosing the cold-press method to maximize the savory flavor is an excellent strategy.

극대화하다 (to maximize) and 탁월하다 (to be excellent).

ترکیب‌های رایج

고소한 냄새
고소한 맛
참기름이 고소하다
속이 고소하다
고소한 향기
고소하게 볶다
고소한 풍미
바삭하고 고소하다
무척 고소하다
고소한 과자

عبارات رایج

아우, 고소해!

— An exclamation meaning 'Serves them right!' used when an enemy fails.

나를 괴롭히던 애가 넘어졌어. 아우, 고소해!

고소한 깨 냄새

— The smell of roasted sesame seeds; often used to describe a cozy home.

신혼집에서 고소한 깨 냄새가 나요.

입안 가득 고소하다

— To be full of nutty flavor in the mouth.

호두를 씹으니 입안 가득 고소해요.

고소한 우유 맛

— A rich, creamy milk flavor.

이 라떼는 고소한 우유 맛이 강해요.

고소함이 진동하다

— The nutty aroma is vibrating (filling the whole area).

방앗간 근처에 고소함이 진동해요.

고소하게 무치다

— To season (vegetables) in a savory way, usually with sesame oil.

시금치를 고소하게 무쳤어요.

고소한 견과류

— Savory/nutty nuts.

고소한 견과류는 간식으로 최고예요.

고소한 누룽지

— Savory scorched rice.

아침으로 고소한 누룽지를 먹었어요.

고소한 빵 굽는 냄새

— The smell of baking savory bread.

아침마다 고소한 빵 굽는 냄새가 나요.

정말 고소하지 않니?

— Isn't it really savory? (Asking for agreement).

이 과자 정말 고소하지 않니?

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"깨가 쏟아지다"

— Literally 'sesame seeds are pouring out'; refers to a couple being very happy and lovey-dovey.

두 사람 사이에서 깨가 쏟아지네요.

Informal/Common
"속이 다 고소하다"

— To feel extremely satisfied by someone's misfortune.

그 사기꾼이 잡혔다니 속이 다 고소하다.

Colloquial
"고소한 냄새를 풍기다"

— To give off a savory smell; sometimes used to imply something tempting is happening.

부엌에서 고소한 냄새를 풍기며 요리 중이다.

Neutral
"고소한 맛에 먹다"

— To eat something specifically for its nutty/savory flavor profile.

이 과자는 고소한 맛에 먹는 거예요.

Neutral
"고소하다 못해 느끼하다"

— So rich/nutty that it has become greasy (negative).

버터가 너무 많아서 고소하다 못해 느끼해요.

Neutral
"입맛이 고소하다"

— To have a taste for savory/nutty things.

어르신들은 입맛이 고소한 걸 좋아하신다.

Informal
"고소한 냄새가 진동을 하다"

— The savory smell is overwhelming/everywhere.

참기름 공장 옆이라 고소한 냄새가 진동을 해요.

Neutral
"고소함을 더하다"

— To add a nutty/savory element to something.

요리에 아몬드를 넣어 고소함을 더했어요.

Neutral
"고소한 유혹"

— A 'savory temptation'; ofte

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