피상적
피상적 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- Superficial means on the surface, lacking depth.
- It describes shallow knowledge or relationships.
- Often used critically to point out shallowness.
- Think 'skin-deep' or 'not going deep'.
Understanding '피상적' (Pisangjeok) - Superficial
- Core Meaning
- '피상적' (pisangjeok) describes something that is only on the surface, lacking depth, substance, or thoroughness. It suggests that something might appear to be true or real at first glance, but closer examination reveals it to be shallow or incomplete. This word is often used to critique a lack of genuine understanding, effort, or insight.
- Application in Contexts
- You'll frequently encounter '피상적' when discussing:
- Knowledge and Understanding: Someone's grasp of a subject might be '피상적' if they only know the basics without delving into the complexities.
- Relationships: A friendship or romantic relationship can be described as '피상적' if it lacks emotional depth or genuine connection, focusing only on outward appearances.
- Analysis and Criticism: A review or critique can be considered '피상적' if it doesn't go beyond the obvious or superficial aspects of a work or issue.
- Effort and Approach: When someone approaches a task with minimal effort or without careful consideration, their work can be labeled '피상적'.
- Appearance vs. Reality: It's used to highlight a discrepancy between how something appears and its true nature, which is often less substantial.
His understanding of quantum physics is quite 피상적.
We need to move beyond 피상적 discussions and address the root causes.
- Nuances and Connotations
- '피상적' generally carries a negative connotation, implying a lack of seriousness, depth, or authenticity. It suggests that something is not to be taken too seriously because it lacks a solid foundation. When describing people, it can imply they are shallow, uninterested in deeper matters, or only care about appearances. In contrast, describing a problem or analysis as '피상적' indicates it's not comprehensive or insightful enough.
Avoid making 피상적 judgments about people.
- Etymological Clue
- The Hanja for '피상적' is 皮相的. '皮' (pi) means 'skin' or 'hide,' and '相' (sang) means 'appearance' or 'look.' '的' (jeok) is a suffix indicating an adjective. So, literally, it means 'related to the appearance of the skin,' which perfectly captures the idea of being only on the surface.
Crafting Sentences with '피상적' (Pisangjeok)
Mastering '피상적' involves understanding its grammatical role as an adjective and how it modifies nouns or describes states of being. It's often used with verbs like '이다' (to be), '보이다' (to seem/appear), '느끼다' (to feel), and '하다' (to do/make).
- Modifying Nouns
- '피상적' directly precedes the noun it describes. This is the most straightforward way to use it.
- 피상적 지식 (pisangjeok jisik): Superficial knowledge.
- 피상적 관계 (pisangjeok gwangye): Superficial relationship.
- 피상적 분석 (pisangjeok bunseok): Superficial analysis.
- 피상적 이해 (pisangjeok ihae): Superficial understanding.
- 피상적 접근 (pisangjeok jeopgeun): Superficial approach.
그의 조언은 피상적인 이해에 기반하고 있었다.
His advice was based on a superficial understanding.
- Describing a State of Being ('~이다')
- When used with the verb '이다' (to be), it describes the nature of a subject. The adjectival form '피상적이다' is used.
- 이것은 너무 피상적이다. (igeoseun neomu pisangjeokida): This is too superficial.
- 그들의 대화는 피상적이었다. (geudeurui daehwaneun pisangjeokyeotda): Their conversation was superficial.
그들의 관계는 겉보기에는 좋았지만, 사실은 매우 피상적이었다.
Their relationship seemed good on the surface, but in reality, it was very superficial.
- Describing an Appearance ('~보이다')
- To say something appears superficial, you can use '피상적으로 보이다' (to look superficial).
- 그 계획은 피상적으로 보인다. (geu gyehoegeun pisangjeok-euro boinda): That plan looks superficial.
- 그녀의 감정 표현은 피상적으로 보였다. (geunyeoui gamjeong pyohyeoneun pisangjeok-euro boyeotda): Her emotional expression seemed superficial.
겉으로는 깊은 고민이 없어 보였지만, 사실은 그 문제에 대해 피상적으로만 생각하고 있었다.
Although they didn't seem to have deep concerns on the outside, they were actually only thinking superficially about the issue.
- Adverbial Usage ('~적으로')
- The adverbial form '피상적으로' (pisangjeok-euro) means 'superficially' or 'in a superficial manner.' It modifies verbs.
- 그는 문제를 피상적으로만 다루었다. (geuneun munjereul pisangjeok-euro-man darueotda): He dealt with the problem only superficially.
- 피상적으로만 이해하려고 하지 마세요. (pisangjeok-euro-man ihaeharyeogo haji maseyo): Don't try to understand it only superficially.
이 주제에 대해 피상적으로만 이야기하는 것은 시간 낭비입니다.
Talking about this topic only superficially is a waste of time.
- Common Verb Pairings
- Some verbs frequently appear with '피상적' to convey a lack of depth:
- 피상적으로 알다 (pisangjeok-euro alda): To know superficially.
- 피상적으로 느끼다 (pisangjeok-euro neukkida): To feel superficially.
- 피상적으로 평가하다 (pisangjeok-euro pyeonggahada): To evaluate superficially.
- 피상적으로 보이다 (pisangjeok-euro boida): To seem superficial.
- 피상적인 태도 (pisangjeogin taedo): Superficial attitude.
Real-World Encounters with '피상적' (Pisangjeok)
'피상적' is a versatile word used across various aspects of Korean communication, from everyday conversations to more formal discussions. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize and use it more effectively.
- Academic and Intellectual Discussions
- In university lectures, seminars, or serious debates, '피상적' is used to critique a lack of depth in arguments, research, or understanding. Students might be warned against '피상적' analysis, and professors might point out the '피상적' nature of certain theories.
이 연구는 피상적인 결론에 도달했습니다.
This research reached superficial conclusions.
- Social Commentary and Media
- News articles, opinion pieces, and social critiques often employ '피상적' to discuss societal trends, political discourse, or cultural phenomena. For instance, a commentator might criticize the media's '피상적' coverage of an issue, or lament the '피상적' nature of public opinion influenced by social media.
많은 사람들이 SNS에서 피상적인 정보만을 공유합니다.
Many people share only superficial information on social media.
- Personal Relationships and Psychology
- When discussing friendships, romantic relationships, or family dynamics, '피상적' can describe a lack of emotional depth or genuine connection. A therapist might discuss a client's '피상적' coping mechanisms, or friends might comment on a relationship that seems '피상적'.
그녀는 겉으로는 밝았지만, 그늘진 면모는 피상적인 가면 뒤에 숨겨져 있었다.
Although she seemed bright on the outside, her darker side was hidden behind a superficial mask.
- Critiques of Art, Literature, and Entertainment
- Art critics, book reviewers, or film analysts might use '피상적' to describe works that rely heavily on style or shock value without offering substantial meaning or emotional resonance. A film might be described as having '피상적' themes.
이 영화의 메시지는 지나치게 피상적이라 실망스러웠다.
The message of this movie was disappointingly superficial.
- Everyday Observations
- In casual conversation, Koreans might use '피상적' to describe someone's shallow interest in a hobby, a brief and uninformative conversation, or a decision made without proper thought.
그는 어떤 주제에 대해서도 피상적인 이야기만 할 뿐이었다.
He only talked superficially about any topic.
Avoiding Pitfalls with '피상적' (Pisangjeok)
While '피상적' is a useful word, learners sometimes misuse it, leading to awkward or incorrect phrasing. Here are common mistakes and how to avoid them.
- Mistake 1: Confusing '피상적' with '외면적' (Oemyeonjeok - External/Outward)
- Explanation: '외면적' simply refers to what is on the outside, without necessarily implying a lack of depth. '피상적', on the other hand, specifically implies shallowness or a lack of substance beneath the surface. Something can be '외면적' but still have depth internally, whereas '피상적' implies it does not.
- Incorrect: 그의 외면적인 태도는 문제의 심각성을 알 수 없게 했다. (His external attitude made the seriousness of the problem unknowable.) - While this might be true, '피상적' is more precise if the attitude itself lacks depth.
- Correct: 그의 피상적인 태도는 문제의 심각성을 알 수 없게 했다. (His superficial attitude made the seriousness of the problem unknowable.) - This implies the attitude itself was shallow and didn't reflect genuine concern.
- Correct use of '외면적': 우리는 그 건물의 외면적인 아름다움에 감탄했다. (We admired the building's external beauty.) - Here, 'external' is just descriptive of the appearance.
- Mistake 2: Overusing '피상적' for mere lack of detail
- Explanation: '피상적' implies a fundamental lack of depth or thoroughness, not just missing a few details. If a summary is brief but accurate, it's not necessarily '피상적'. It's '피상적' when the brevity comes at the cost of essential substance or understanding.
- Incorrect: 이 보고서는 너무 피상적이라서 몇 가지 중요한 수치가 빠져 있다. (This report is too superficial because some important figures are missing.) - '피상적' is too strong here; a better word might be '불완전하다' (incomplete) or '부족하다' (lacking).
- Correct: 그의 지식은 피상적이어서, 복잡한 질문에는 답하지 못했다. (His knowledge was superficial, so he couldn't answer complex questions.) - This highlights a fundamental lack of deep understanding.
- Mistake 3: Incorrect Grammatical Form
- Explanation: Remember that '피상적' is an adjective. When used predicatively (describing the subject after a linking verb), you need to add '이다' to form '피상적이다'. When used adverbially (modifying a verb), use '피상적으로'.
- Incorrect: 그들의 대화는 피상적. (Their conversation was superficial.) - Missing the verb '이다'.
- Correct: 그들의 대화는 피상적이었다. (Their conversation was superficial.)
- Incorrect: 그는 문제를 피상적 다루었다. (He dealt with the problem superficial.) - Missing the adverbial ending.
- Correct: 그는 문제를 피상적으로 다루었다. (He dealt with the problem superficially.)
- Mistake 4: Using it for things that are inherently simple, not shallow
- Explanation: '피상적' implies a missed opportunity for depth or a deceptive shallowness. A simple recipe or a basic explanation isn't necessarily '피상적'; it's just simple. Use '피상적' when there's an expectation or potential for more depth that is not met.
- Incorrect: 이 요리법은 너무 피상적이다. (This recipe is too superficial.) - Unless the recipe is misleadingly simple or promises complexity it doesn't deliver, 'simple' (간단하다) is better.
- Correct: 그의 책은 흥미로운 주제를 다루었지만, 내용은 피상적이었다. (His book dealt with an interesting topic, but the content was superficial.) - Here, the expectation of depth for an interesting topic is not met.
Exploring Nuances: Words Like '피상적' (Pisangjeok)
While '피상적' is excellent for describing shallowness, other Korean words can convey similar or related meanings, each with its own subtle differences. Understanding these alternatives enriches your vocabulary and allows for more precise expression.
- superficial vs. external
- 피상적 (Pisangjeok): Superficial; lacking depth or substance. Implies a critique of shallowness.
- 외면적 (Oemyeonjeok): External; outward appearance. Simply describes what is visible, without necessarily implying a lack of depth.
Example Comparison:
- 피상적: 그의 피상적인 태도는 친구들을 불편하게 했다. (His superficial attitude made his friends uncomfortable.) - The attitude itself was shallow.
- 외면적: 그의 외면적인 모습은 차가워 보였지만, 속마음은 그렇지 않았다. (His external appearance seemed cold, but his inner feelings were not.) - The outward appearance is described, not necessarily judged for lack of depth.
- superficial vs. incomplete
- 피상적 (Pisangjeok): Superficial; lacking depth, often implying a fundamental flaw in understanding or content.
- 불완전하다 (Bunwajeonhada): Incomplete; lacking necessary parts or finishing. Focuses on missing elements rather than inherent shallowness.
- 부족하다 (Bujokada): Lacking; insufficient. Similar to incomplete but can also refer to quality or quantity.
Example Comparison:
- 피상적: 그 이론은 피상적이라서 실제 현상을 설명하지 못한다. (That theory is superficial and cannot explain actual phenomena.) - The theory's core is shallow.
- 불완전하다: 이 보고서는 불완전하다는 비판을 받았다. (This report received criticism for being incomplete.) - The report is missing sections or data.
- superficial vs. shallow (in a different sense)
- 피상적 (Pisangjeok): Superficial; often used for abstract concepts like knowledge, relationships, or analysis.
- 얕다 (yatda): Shallow; can be used for physical depth (e.g., a shallow river) but also for knowledge, understanding, or personality. It's a more general term for lack of depth.
Example Comparison:
- 피상적: 그의 발언은 피상적인 수준에 머물렀다. (His remarks remained at a superficial level.) - Implies a critique of the discourse itself.
- 얕다: 그의 지식은 얕다. (His knowledge is shallow.) - A more direct statement about the limited depth of his knowledge.
- superficial vs. not thorough
- 피상적 (Pisangjeok): Superficial; implies a lack of thoroughness as a consequence of shallowness.
- 철저하지 못하다 (Cheoljeohaji mothada): Not thorough; lacking meticulousness or completeness. Focuses on the process of examination or work.
Example Comparison:
- 피상적: 우리는 피상적인 조사 결과에 만족할 수 없다. (We cannot be satisfied with the superficial investigation results.) - The results themselves lack depth.
- 철저하지 못하다: 그 조사는 철저하지 못했다는 비판을 받았다. (The investigation was criticized for not being thorough.) - The process of investigation was lacking.
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
The etymology of '피상적' is a direct metaphor for understanding. Just as looking only at the skin of a fruit tells you nothing about its taste or texture, '피상적' understanding or analysis misses the core essence. This metaphor is universally understood and makes the word quite intuitive once the etymology is known.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing '상' (sang) too weakly.
- Not clearly enunciating the final 'ㄱ' (k) sound in '적' (jeok).
- Confusing the vowel sounds.
- Adding an unnecessary extra syllable.
- Incorrect stress placement.
سطح دشواری
CEFR B2 level. While the word itself is straightforward, understanding its nuances and the contexts where it implies criticism requires a good grasp of abstract concepts and social dynamics. Reading texts that use '피상적' often involves critical analysis or discussions of depth vs. shallowness.
CEFR B2 level. Learners need to practice using '피상적' correctly in various grammatical structures and registers. Avoiding confusion with similar words and ensuring appropriate context is key for effective writing.
CEFR B2 level. Confidently using '피상적' in spoken Korean requires understanding its negative connotations and applying it appropriately in discussions about relationships, opinions, or knowledge. Practicing with native speakers is beneficial.
CEFR B2 level. Recognizing '피상적' in spoken Korean, especially when used critically or subtly, requires attention to the speaker's tone and the overall context of the conversation. It's often used in discussions where depth is being contrasted with shallowness.
بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟
پیشنیازها
بعداً یاد بگیرید
پیشرفته
گرامر لازم
Adjective + Noun: Using '피상적인' to modify a noun.
그녀는 피상적인 칭찬을 좋아하지 않았다.
Adjective + 이다: Using '피상적이다' as a predicate adjective.
그들의 대화는 피상적이었다.
Adverbial form '피상적으로': Modifying verbs.
그는 문제를 피상적으로만 바라보았다.
Noun + 에 대한 + 피상적인 + Noun: Discussing superficial aspects 'about' something.
그 보고서는 환경 문제에 대한 피상적인 논의를 담고 있었다.
Using antonyms like '깊이 있는' and '심오한' to create contrast.
이 책은 피상적인 내용과는 달리 깊이 있는 통찰을 제공한다.
مثالها بر اساس سطح
이것은 그냥 겉모습이에요.
This is just the surface/appearance.
Simple sentence structure using '그냥' (just) and '겉모습' (outward appearance).
나는 이것을 조금만 알아요.
I know only a little about this.
Using '조금만' (only a little) to indicate limited knowledge.
그 이야기는 재미없었어요.
That story was not interesting.
Simple past tense of '재미없다' (to be not interesting).
그 사람은 말을 많이 하지 않아요.
That person doesn't talk much.
Using negation '않아요' with the verb '말하다' (to talk).
이것은 진짜가 아니에요.
This is not real.
Using negation '아니에요' with '진짜' (real).
나는 깊은 것을 좋아해요.
I like deep things.
Using '깊은 것' (deep things) and the verb '좋아하다' (to like).
그것은 그냥 겉만 보는 거예요.
That is just looking at the surface.
Using '겉만 보다' (to look only at the surface).
나는 더 알고 싶어요.
I want to know more.
Using '-고 싶어요' (want to) with the verb '알다' (to know).
그의 설명은 너무 피상적이었어.
His explanation was too superficial.
Using the past tense of '피상적이다' (to be superficial).
이 책은 깊이가 없는 것 같아.
This book seems to lack depth.
Using '깊이가 없다' (to lack depth) and '것 같다' (to seem).
우리는 피상적인 이야기만 나눴어요.
We only had superficial conversations.
Using '피상적인' to modify '이야기' (story/conversation) and '만' (only).
그것은 겉모습만 보고 판단한 거야.
That was judged by looking only at the appearance.
Using '겉모습만 보고' (by looking only at the appearance) and '판단하다' (to judge).
그녀의 관심은 피상적인 것 같아.
Her interest seems superficial.
Using '피상적인 것 같다' (seems superficial).
좀 더 깊이 생각해 봐야 해.
We need to think about it more deeply.
Using '깊이 생각하다' (to think deeply) and '-아/어야 하다' (need to).
겉으로만 보이는 것은 전부가 아니에요.
What is visible only on the outside is not everything.
Using '겉으로만 보이는 것' (what is visible only on the outside).
그는 문제의 본질을 보지 못했어.
He couldn't see the essence of the problem.
Using '본질을 보다' (to see the essence).
그의 주장은 지나치게 피상적입니다.
His argument is excessively superficial.
Using '지나치게' (excessively) with '피상적이다'.
우리는 피상적인 이해에 만족할 수 없습니다.
We cannot be satisfied with a superficial understanding.
Using '피상적인 이해' (superficial understanding) and '-ㄹ 수 없다' (cannot).
그들의 관계는 겉보기와 달리 깊이가 없었다.
Unlike how it looked, their relationship lacked depth.
Using '겉보기와 달리' (unlike how it looked) and '깊이가 없었다' (lacked depth).
문화 현상에 대한 피상적인 분석은 위험할 수 있다.
Superficial analysis of cultural phenomena can be dangerous.
Using '피상적인 분석' (superficial analysis) and '-ㄹ 수 있다' (can be).
그는 복잡한 문제에 대해 피상적으로만 접근했다.
He approached complex issues only superficially.
Using '피상적으로만' (only superficially) with '접근하다' (to approach).
표면적인 해결책으로는 근본적인 문제를 해결할 수 없다.
Surface-level solutions cannot solve fundamental problems.
Using '표면적인 해결책' (surface-level solution) as a synonym for '피상적인'.
학문적 탐구는 피상적인 지식을 넘어서야 한다.
Academic inquiry must go beyond superficial knowledge.
Using '피상적인 지식' (superficial knowledge) and '-어야 하다' (must).
그녀의 감정 표현은 때때로 피상적으로 느껴진다.
Her emotional expression sometimes feels superficial.
Using '피상적으로 느껴지다' (to feel superficial).
그의 철학적 사유는 피상적인 수준에 머물러 있다는 비판을 받았다.
His philosophical thinking received criticism for remaining at a superficial level.
Using '-에 머물러 있다' (to remain at) with '피상적인 수준' (superficial level).
우리는 피상적인 현상에만 집중하는 오류를 범해서는 안 된다.
We must not commit the error of focusing only on superficial phenomena.
Using '피상적인 현상' (superficial phenomena) and '-아서는 안 된다' (must not).
그 작가는 인물들의 내면 심리를 피상적으로만 묘사했다.
The author depicted the characters' inner psychology only superficially.
Using '피상적으로만' (only superficially) with '묘사하다' (to depict).
진정한 관계는 피상적인 관심을 넘어선 깊은 유대감을 필요로 한다.
True relationships require deep bonds that go beyond superficial interest.
Using '피상적인 관심' (superficial interest) and '넘어서다' (to go beyond).
그의 분석은 피상적으로 들릴 수 있지만, 실제로는 깊은 통찰을 담고 있다.
His analysis might sound superficial, but it actually contains deep insight.
Using '피상적으로 들리다' (to sound superficial) and '통찰' (insight).
사회적 문제에 대한 피상적인 접근은 문제 해결을 더디게 할 뿐이다.
A superficial approach to social problems only slows down problem-solving.
Using '피상적인 접근' (superficial approach) and '-ㄹ 뿐이다' (only does).
진정한 예술은 피상적인 아름다움을 넘어선 감동을 준다.
True art provides emotion that goes beyond superficial beauty.
Using '피상적인 아름다움' (superficial beauty) and '감동을 주다' (to give emotion/inspiration).
그는 피상적인 칭찬보다는 진솔한 비판을 더 가치 있게 여겼다.
He valued sincere criticism more than superficial praise.
Using '피상적인 칭찬' (superficial praise) and '진솔한 비판' (sincere criticism).
현대 사회는 종종 피상적인 가치에 매몰되어 진정한 의미를 간과하는 경향이 있다.
Modern society often tends to be buried in superficial values and overlook true meaning.
Using '피상적인 가치' (superficial values) and '매몰되다' (to be buried/engrossed in).
그의 비평은 현상의 피상적인 측면만을 파고들어 본질을 놓치고 말았다.
His critique only dug into the superficial aspects of the phenomenon and ended up missing the essence.
Using '피상적인 측면' (superficial aspect) and '-고 말았다' (ended up doing).
깊이 있는 대화는 피상적인 잡담을 넘어, 서로의 내면을 이해하는 과정이다.
Deep conversation is a process of understanding each other's inner selves, going beyond superficial chatter.
Using '피상적인 잡담' (superficial chatter) and '내면을 이해하다' (to understand the inner self).
진정한 지식은 피상적인 정보의 나열이 아니라, 개념 간의 유기적인 연결을 통해 형성된다.
True knowledge is not a listing of superficial information, but is formed through the organic connection between concepts.
Using '피상적인 정보의 나열' (listing of superficial information) and '유기적인 연결' (organic connection).
그는 피상적인 성공에 안주하지 않고 끊임없이 자기 성찰을 추구했다.
He did not settle for superficial success and constantly pursued self-reflection.
Using '피상적인 성공' (superficial success) and '안주하다' (to settle for).
피상적인 이해에 기반한 결정은 종종 예상치 못한 부작용을 초래한다.
Decisions based on superficial understanding often lead to unexpected side effects.
Using '피상적인 이해에 기반한 결정' (decisions based on superficial understanding).
문화적 다양성에 대한 존중은 피상적인 이해를 넘어선 깊이 있는 관심에서 비롯된다.
Respect for cultural diversity stems from deep interest that goes beyond superficial understanding.
Using '피상적인 이해를 넘어서다' (to go beyond superficial understanding).
현대 미디어는 종종 피상적인 자극에 의존하여 대중의 주의를 끌지만, 깊이 있는 메시지는 희석되기 마련이다.
Modern media often relies on superficial stimuli to attract public attention, but deep messages tend to be diluted.
Using '피상적인 자극' (superficial stimuli) and '희석되다' (to be diluted).
형이상학적 탐구는 종종 피상적인 인식의 한계를 초월하려는 시도라고 볼 수 있다.
Metaphysical inquiry can often be seen as an attempt to transcend the limits of superficial perception.
Using '피상적인 인식의 한계' (limits of superficial perception) and '초월하다' (to transcend).
그의 예술 작품은 피상적인 미학적 만족을 넘어, 보는 이로 하여금 존재론적 질문을 던지게 만든다.
His artwork goes beyond superficial aesthetic satisfaction, making the viewer pose ontological questions.
Using '피상적인 미학적 만족' (superficial aesthetic satisfaction) and '존재론적 질문' (ontological questions).
정치적 담론에서 피상적인 수사학에 현혹되는 것은 심층적인 문제 분석을 방해하는 주된 요인이다.
Being mesmerized by superficial rhetoric in political discourse is a primary factor hindering in-depth problem analysis.
Using '피상적인 수사학' (superficial rhetoric) and '심층적인 문제 분석' (in-depth problem analysis).
인간관계의 복잡성을 간과하고 피상적인 상호작용에만 집중하는 것은 관계의 본질을 왜곡할 수 있다.
Overlooking the complexity of human relationships and focusing only on superficial interactions can distort the essence of relationships.
Using '피상적인 상호작용' (superficial interactions) and '본질을 왜곡하다' (to distort the essence).
피상적인 이해는 종종 문화적 상대주의의 함정에 빠지게 하여, 보편적 가치의 중요성을 간과하게 만든다.
Superficial understanding often leads one to fall into the trap of cultural relativism, causing them to overlook the importance of universal values.
Using '피상적인 이해' (superficial understanding) and '문화적 상대주의의 함정' (trap of cultural relativism).
기술 발전의 피상적인 측면에만 주목하는 것은 그것이 사회에 미치는 근본적인 영향에 대한 논의를 흐리게 한다.
Focusing solely on the superficial aspects of technological advancement obscures the discussion about its fundamental impact on society.
Using '피상적인 측면' (superficial aspect) and '근본적인 영향' (fundamental impact).
진정한 교육은 피상적인 지식의 습득을 넘어, 비판적 사고와 창의적 문제 해결 능력을 함양하는 데 있다.
True education lies not in acquiring superficial knowledge, but in cultivating critical thinking and creative problem-solving skills.
Using '피상적인 지식의 습득' (acquisition of superficial knowledge) and '함양하다' (to cultivate).
그의 사상은 피상적인 현상학적 기술에 그치지 않고, 존재론적 의미를 탐구하는 심오함을 지닌다.
His thought does not stop at superficial phenomenological description but possesses a profundity that explores ontological meaning.
Using '피상적인 현상학적 기술' (superficial phenomenological description) and '존재론적 의미' (ontological meaning).
مترادفها
متضادها
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— Superficial conversation or talk that lacks depth or substance.
우리는 날씨에 대한 피상적인 이야기만 나누었다.
— An outward appearance that is not deep or genuine; a facade.
그의 피상적인 모습 뒤에 숨겨진 진짜 감정은 무엇일까?
— To know something only superficially, without deep understanding.
나는 그 이론을 피상적으로만 알고 있다.
— A solution that only addresses the surface of a problem, not its root cause.
이것은 피상적인 해결책일 뿐, 근본적인 문제는 그대로 남아있다.
— A judgment made without deep consideration or understanding; a superficial assessment.
겉모습만 보고 피상적인 판단을 내리지 마세요.
— Shallow thoughts or ideas that lack depth or critical analysis.
그의 피상적인 생각은 대화에 깊이를 더하지 못했다.
— To appear superficial or shallow.
그녀의 반응은 피상적으로 보였다.
— A superficial or shallow way of approaching a task or problem.
피상적인 접근으로는 문제를 해결할 수 없다.
— Satisfaction derived from surface-level achievements or appearances, lacking deeper fulfillment.
그는 피상적인 만족을 추구하는 삶을 살았다.
— Reasons that are not well-thought-out or are based on surface-level observations.
그는 피상적인 이유로 그 일을 그만두었다.
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
'외면적' means external or outward appearance. While something superficial is often external, '외면적' doesn't inherently imply a lack of depth. '피상적' specifically criticizes the lack of depth.
'불완전한' means incomplete or imperfect. Something can be incomplete without being superficial, and vice versa. '피상적' focuses on the lack of substance or thoroughness rather than missing parts.
'얕은' means shallow. It can be used for physical depth or for knowledge. '피상적' is more specific to abstract concepts like analysis, relationships, or understanding, often implying a critical judgment of shallowness.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— To be left with only the shell or husk; to be reduced to something superficial and lacking substance. This idiom implies that the core has been lost, leaving only the outward form.
그 회사는 혁신을 잃고 이제는 껍데기만 남았다.
— To be flashy or showy on the outside but lack substance or quality within. Similar to 'superficial' in describing appearance versus reality.
그 제품은 겉만 번지르르해서 금방 고장 났다.
— To dip only one's toes; to engage with something only superficially without fully committing or delving deep.
그는 이 프로젝트에 발끝만 담그고 빠지려고 했다.
— Literally 'licking the surface of a watermelon.' It refers to engaging with something in a very superficial manner, without getting to the core or substance. Very close in meaning to '피상적'.
그의 지식은 수박 겉 핥기식이라 깊은 질문에는 답하지 못했다.
— Literally 'a cake in a picture.' It refers to something desirable but unattainable or purely for show, lacking real substance or benefit. It can imply a superficial appearance of something valuable.
그의 화려한 약속들은 나에게 그림의 떡이었다.
— Literally 'a hollow rice cake.' Refers to something that looks good on the outside but is empty or lacks substance inside. Similar to '겉만 번지르르하다' and '피상적'.
그의 말은 속 빈 강정처럼 공허했다.
— To be like a bubble; fleeting, insubstantial, and easily disappearing. Can describe superficial hopes or achievements.
그의 성공은 물거품 같아서 오래가지 못했다.
— To swallow what is sweet and spit out what is bitter; to be opportunistic and only engage with things when they are beneficial, abandoning them when difficult. This implies a superficial engagement based on personal gain.
그는 달면 삼키고 쓰면 뱉는 식으로 관계를 맺었다.
— Tangible or visible results/achievements. While not an idiom directly meaning 'superficial,' focusing *only* on visible results can lead to superficiality, ignoring deeper impacts.
그들은 가시적인 성과에만 집착했다.
— Literally 'a good-looking but unripe apricot.' Similar to '겉만 번지르르하다' and '속 빈 강정,' it describes something that appears attractive but lacks true quality or substance.
그 제안은 빛 좋은 개살구였다.
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Both words describe a lack of depth.
'얕은' is a more general term for 'shallow' and can apply to physical depth (a shallow river) as well as abstract concepts. '피상적' is specifically used for abstract concepts like knowledge, relationships, analysis, or understanding, and it carries a stronger connotation of lacking substance or thoroughness, often implying a critical judgment.
그녀의 지식은 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>얕다</mark>. (Her knowledge is shallow.) vs. 그녀의 이해는 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>피상적</mark>이었다. (Her understanding was superficial.)
Both refer to the surface or what is visible.
'표면적인' means 'surface-level' or 'outward.' It describes what is visible or apparent, and while it can imply superficiality, it doesn't always carry the same critical tone as '피상적'. '피상적' strongly implies a lack of depth or substance, whereas '표면적인' can simply mean 'on the surface' without judgment. However, they are often used interchangeably.
이것은 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>표면적인</mark> 문제일 뿐이다. (This is just a <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>surface-level</mark> problem.) vs. 그의 접근은 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>피상적</mark>이었다. (His approach was <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>superficial</mark>.)
Both relate to the outside or appearance.
'외면적' refers to the 'external' or 'outward' aspect of something. It simply describes what is visible. '피상적' implies that this outward appearance lacks inner depth or substance. Something can be '외면적' without being '피상적', but a '피상적' thing is often '외면적'.
그녀의 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>외면적</mark>인 모습은 화려했지만, 내면은 그렇지 않았다. (Her <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>external</mark> appearance was flashy, but her inner self was not.) vs. 그의 태도는 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>피상적</mark>이었다. (His attitude was <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>superficial</mark>.)
Both can describe something lacking solidity or quality.
'허술한' means 'sloppy,' 'careless,' or 'flimsy.' It often refers to poor construction, weak arguments, or lack of attention to detail. While something '허술한' might appear superficial, the focus is on the lack of care or solid execution rather than a deliberate lack of depth. '피상적' is more about lacking substance or thoroughness in understanding or content.
그의 계획은 너무 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>허술한</mark> 것 같았다. (His plan seemed too <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>sloppy</mark>.) vs. 그 분석은 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>피상적</mark>이어서 신뢰할 수 없었다. (The analysis was <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>superficial</mark> and unreliable.)
Both can describe something that is not complex.
'간단한' means 'simple' or 'easy.' A simple explanation or a simple task is not necessarily superficial. It might be concise and to the point. '피상적' implies a lack of depth or thoroughness where depth is expected or possible, often suggesting a missed opportunity for deeper understanding or engagement.
이것은 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>간단한</mark> 질문이다. (This is a <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>simple</mark> question.) vs. 그의 답변은 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>피상적</mark>이었다. (His answer was <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>superficial</mark>.)
الگوهای جملهسازی
Noun + 은/는 + 피상적(이다)
그의 설명은 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>피상적</mark>이었다.
Noun + 에 대한 + 피상적인 + Noun
이 문제에 대한 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>피상적인</mark> 접근은 해결책이 될 수 없다.
Noun + 을/를 + 피상적으로 + Verb
그는 모든 것을 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>피상적으로</mark>만 이해하려고 했다.
Noun + 은/는 + 피상적인 + Noun + 으로 + 평가받다/여겨지다
그의 보고서는 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>피상적인</mark> 분석<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>으로</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>평가받았다</mark>.
Noun + 의 + 피상적인 + Noun + 은/는 + Noun + 을/를 + 넘어서다
진정한 우정은 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>피상적인</mark> 관심<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>을</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>넘어서는</mark> 것이다.
Noun + 에 대한 + 피상적인 + Noun + 은/는 + Noun + 을/를 + 초래하다/야기하다
이러한 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>피상적인</mark> 이해는 종종 오해<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>를</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>초래한다</mark>.
Noun + 이/가 + 피상적인 + Noun + 에 + 국한되다
그의 지식은 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>피상적인</mark> 정보<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>에만</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>국한되었다</mark>.
Noun + 은/는 + 피상적인 + Noun + 의 + 한계를 + 보여주다
이러한 접근 방식은 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>피상적인</mark> 인식<mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>의</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>한계를</mark> <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>보여준다</mark>.
خانواده کلمه
صفتها
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
B2 CEFR level, indicating it's a moderately common word used in discussions requiring abstract thought and critical evaluation.
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Using '피상적' for something that is simply incomplete.
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불완전한 (bunwajeonhan)
'피상적' implies a fundamental lack of depth or substance, whereas '불완전한' means missing parts or not finished. For example, a report missing a chapter is '불완전한', but a report that only skims the surface of a complex issue is '피상적'.
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Confusing '피상적' with '외면적' (oemyeonjeok).
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외면적 (oemyeonjeok)
'외면적' means 'external' or 'outward.' It describes appearance without necessarily implying a lack of depth. '피상적' specifically criticizes the lack of depth. For example, a beautiful building's '외면적' beauty is different from a shallow analysis of its history, which would be '피상적'.
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Using '피상적' for something that is merely simple or basic.
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간단한 (gandanhan)
'간단한' means 'simple' or 'easy.' A simple explanation is not necessarily superficial. '피상적' is used when there's an expectation or potential for more depth that is not met, implying a critical lack of substance.
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Incorrect grammatical form, e.g., '그의 태도 피상적.'
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그의 태도는 <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>피상적이었다</mark>.
'피상적' is an adjective. When used predicatively (describing the subject after a noun), it needs the verb '이다' (to be), forming '피상적이다'. When used adverbially, it takes the '-으로' ending: '피상적으로' (superficially).
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Using '피상적' when the primary issue is carelessness or sloppiness.
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허술한 (heosulhan)
'허술한' means 'sloppy' or 'careless.' If the problem is a lack of attention to detail or poor execution, '허술한' is more appropriate. '피상적' focuses on the lack of depth or substance.
نکات
Think of the Onion Metaphor
Imagine an onion. '피상적' is like only looking at the outer skin of the onion. You see something, but you miss all the layers and the core. To understand something deeply, you need to peel back the layers and examine what's inside, not just the '피' (skin).
Contrast is Key
To better understand and use '피상적', try to contrast it with its antonyms. Form sentences like: 'His knowledge is superficial, but his experience is deep.' or 'The report offered only superficial observations, not thorough analysis.'
Look for Criticism
The word '피상적' is often used in critical contexts. When you see or hear it, the speaker or writer is likely pointing out a flaw or a lack of something important, usually depth or substance.
Adjective Forms
Remember that '피상적' is an adjective. It can modify nouns directly (피상적인 이해) or be used with '이다' (피상적이다) to describe a noun. The adverbial form is '피상적으로' (superficially).
Etymology Matters
Knowing that '피' means skin and '상' means appearance helps cement the meaning. If it's just about the skin or appearance, it's superficial!
Describe Your Surroundings
Try to describe things you see or experience using '피상적' or its opposites. For example, 'This news article seems superficial,' or 'That conversation was very in-depth.'
Distinguish from Similar Words
Be careful not to confuse '피상적' with '불완전한' (incomplete) or '외면적' (external). While related, they have different core meanings. '피상적' specifically targets the lack of depth and substance.
Stress and Clarity
Pay attention to the stress on the first syllable '피' (pi) and ensure the final 'ㄱ' (k) sound in '적' (jeok) is clear. Practice saying it aloud: pi-sang-jeok.
Inner vs. Outer
Korean culture often values inner sincerity and depth ('진심', '내면'). '피상적' directly contrasts with these valued qualities, making it a word used to point out a deficiency.
Use in Critiques
This word is perfect for writing reviews, critiques, or expressing dissatisfaction with something that lacks substance, whether it's a book, a movie, a relationship, or an argument.
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روش یادسپاری
Imagine a person '상' (sang) who only cares about their '피' (pi) - their skin or appearance. They are very superficial! They only care about how they look on the outside, not about what's inside.
تداعی تصویری
Picture an onion. You peel off layer after layer of '피' (skin), but the core is still just more layers. If you only look at the outer skin, your understanding is '피상적'. Or imagine a shallow puddle - you can see the bottom easily, there's no depth. That's '피상적'.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to describe three things you encounter today using '피상적' or its antonyms. For example, a news headline might be '피상적', while a deep conversation with a friend is '깊이 있는'.
ریشه کلمه
The word '피상적' is derived from Chinese characters (Hanja). It is composed of '皮' (pi), meaning 'skin' or 'hide,' and '相' (sang), meaning 'appearance' or 'look.' The suffix '的' (jeok) is a common adjectival suffix in Korean, indicating 'related to' or '-like.'
معنای اصلی: Literally translated from its Hanja components, '피상적' means 'related to the appearance of the skin.' This etymology perfectly captures the concept of being only on the surface, like the skin of an object, without revealing its inner substance.
Sino-Korean (derived from Chinese characters)بافت فرهنگی
When using '피상적' to describe people, it can be perceived as quite critical or judgmental, implying they are shallow or lack substance. Use it with caution and consider the context and your relationship with the person.
In English, 'superficial' carries similar connotations of lacking depth and often being used critically. Phrases like 'skin-deep,' 'surface-level,' or 'not going deep enough' are good parallels.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
Critiquing academic work or research.
- 피상적인 분석
- 피상적인 결론
- 피상적인 연구
- 깊이 있는 탐구
Discussing personal relationships and social interactions.
- 피상적인 관계
- 피상적인 대화
- 진정한 유대감
- 겉모습만 보다
Evaluating media, art, or literature.
- 피상적인 메시지
- 피상적인 아름다움
- 깊이 있는 통찰
- 진정한 감동
Describing someone's knowledge or understanding.
- 피상적인 지식
- 피상적인 이해
- 깊이 있는 지식
- 본질을 알다
Analyzing societal issues or trends.
- 피상적인 접근
- 피상적인 가치
- 근본적인 문제
- 사회 현상
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"What are some common topics that people tend to discuss superficially?"
"Do you think social media encourages superficial interactions or deeper connections?"
"When is it okay to have a superficial understanding, and when is it problematic?"
"What's the difference between being superficially friendly and genuinely kind?"
"How can we encourage deeper thinking and avoid superficial judgments in our daily lives?"
موضوعات نگارش
Reflect on a time you encountered something or someone that seemed '피상적'. What were your thoughts and feelings about it?
Describe a situation where a superficial understanding led to negative consequences. How could a deeper approach have changed the outcome?
Consider a hobby or interest. How can one move from a superficial engagement to a deeper, more meaningful one?
Think about the difference between '피상적인' beauty and inner beauty. Which do you value more and why?
Write a short story where a character learns the importance of looking beyond the superficial to understand the true nature of a person or situation.
سوالات متداول
10 سوالThe word '피상적' is derived from Hanja characters: '皮' (pi) meaning 'skin' or 'hide,' and '相' (sang) meaning 'appearance' or 'look.' The suffix '的' (jeok) makes it an adjective. Thus, it literally translates to something like 'related to the appearance of the skin,' which metaphorically means being only on the surface and lacking inner substance.
Yes, '피상적' almost always carries a negative connotation. It implies a lack of depth, thoroughness, or genuine substance. When used to describe knowledge, relationships, analysis, or behavior, it suggests shallowness and is generally considered a criticism.
While its primary use is for abstract concepts like knowledge, relationships, or analysis, it can sometimes be used metaphorically for physical things if they represent a lack of inner substance. For example, a beautifully decorated but empty box might be described as having a '피상적인' appearance, implying it's all show and no content. However, words like '겉모습' (outward appearance) or '외면적' (external) are more direct for purely physical descriptions.
'얕은' (yateun) means 'shallow' and is a more general term. It can describe physical depth (e.g., a shallow pond) or abstract concepts like knowledge or understanding. '피상적' is more specific to abstract concepts and implies a lack of substance or thoroughness, often with a critical tone, suggesting something is only on the surface and misses the core essence.
'피상적' is frequently used in discussions about academic knowledge, intellectual analysis, the depth of personal relationships, the nature of media coverage, and critiques of art or literature. It's used whenever there's a need to point out a lack of depth or thoroughness.
The adverbial form '피상적으로' (pisangjeok-euro) means 'superficially' or 'in a superficial manner.' It modifies verbs. For example, '그는 문제를 피상적으로만 다루었다.' (He dealt with the problem only superficially.)
Yes, several idioms convey similar meanings. '수박 겉 핥기' (licking the surface of a watermelon) is very close, meaning to engage superficially. '겉만 번지르르하다' (flashy on the outside) and '속 빈 강정' (hollow inside) also describe things that look good but lack substance, aligning with the concept of superficiality.
The main antonyms are '심오한' (simohan - profound, deep) and '깊이 있는' (gipi inneun - in-depth, having depth). '철저한' (cheoljeohan - thorough) and '본질적인' (bonjiljeogin - essential, fundamental) also represent contrasting qualities.
Try to create sentences where you contrast superficiality with depth. For instance, 'This book's plot is superficial, but its characters are deep.' Also, pay attention to contexts where it's used in Korean media or conversations and try to imitate those patterns.
It can be appropriate if their attitude genuinely lacks depth, sincerity, or thoroughness. However, it's a strong criticism. Consider if 'careless,' 'insincere,' or 'uninformed' might be more fitting depending on the specific nuance you want to convey. Use '피상적' when the lack of depth is the most salient characteristic.
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Summary
'피상적' describes something that appears true or real only until examined more closely, lacking depth, thoroughness, or genuine substance. It's often used critically to point out shallowness in knowledge, relationships, or analysis.
- Superficial means on the surface, lacking depth.
- It describes shallow knowledge or relationships.
- Often used critically to point out shallowness.
- Think 'skin-deep' or 'not going deep'.
Think of the Onion Metaphor
Imagine an onion. '피상적' is like only looking at the outer skin of the onion. You see something, but you miss all the layers and the core. To understand something deeply, you need to peel back the layers and examine what's inside, not just the '피' (skin).
Contrast is Key
To better understand and use '피상적', try to contrast it with its antonyms. Form sentences like: 'His knowledge is superficial, but his experience is deep.' or 'The report offered only superficial observations, not thorough analysis.'
Look for Criticism
The word '피상적' is often used in critical contexts. When you see or hear it, the speaker or writer is likely pointing out a flaw or a lack of something important, usually depth or substance.
Adjective Forms
Remember that '피상적' is an adjective. It can modify nouns directly (피상적인 이해) or be used with '이다' (피상적이다) to describe a noun. The adverbial form is '피상적으로' (superficially).
مثال
그의 보고서는 문제의 원인을 피상적으로만 다루고 있다.
محتوای مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر general
몇몇
A2تعدادی; اندکی.
조금
A1من کمی کره ای بلدم. (한국어를 조금 알아요.)
적게
A1کم، به مقدار کم. برای توصیف کاری که به میزان محدودی انجام میشود استفاده میشود.
약간
A2کمی؛ اندکی. برای توصیف مقدار کم یا درجه ناچیز استفاده میشود.
많이
A1خیلی / زیاد. 'خیلی خوردم' (많이 먹었어요). 'خیلی دلم برات تنگ شده' (많이 보고 싶었어요).
잠시
A2برای یک لحظه؛ به طور خلاصه. 'لطفا یک لحظه صبر کنید.' (잠시만 기다려 주세요.) 'من کمی بعد برمی گردم.' (잠시 후에 돌아오겠습니다.)
잠깐
A2For a short time; a moment.
아까
A2کمی پیش، قبلا. من او را کمی پیش دیدم.
대해
A2به معنای 'درباره' یا 'در مورد'. برای معرفی موضوع یک گفتگو یا فکر استفاده میشود.
~에 대해서
A2درباره؛ در مورد.