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A1 verb #1,800 پرکاربردترین 10 دقیقه مطالعه

Incluir

رتبه 1,800

At the A1 level, 'incluir' is primarily used in very concrete and everyday situations. Learners should focus on using it to talk about what is included in a price, a menu, or a simple list. The most important forms to master are the present indicative: 'eu incluo' and 'ele inclui'. At this stage, you will mostly hear it in shops and restaurants. For example, asking 'O café está incluído?' (Is the coffee included?) is a classic A1 survival phrase. The focus is on basic membership and addition of items to a visible or immediate group. You don't need to worry about complex tenses yet; just understand that it means 'to have as part of'.

As you move to A2, you start using 'incluir' in slightly more abstract contexts, such as including people in social plans or adding information to documents. You should become comfortable with the past tense (Pretérito Perfeito): 'Eu incluí o seu nome' (I included your name). You also begin to use the past participle 'incluído' as an adjective, learning to match it in gender and number with the noun it modifies (e.g., 'as fotos estão incluídas'). At this level, you can start using it to describe your daily routine or simple work tasks, like including a specific activity in your schedule.

At the B1 level, 'incluir' is used to discuss more complex topics like social inclusion (inclusão social) or project management. You should be able to use it in the subjunctive mood to express desires or requirements: 'É importante que o governo inclua todos os cidadãos' (It is important that the government includes all citizens). You also start to distinguish 'incluir' from more specific synonyms like 'inserir' or 'adicionar' based on the context. Your sentences become longer, often using 'incluir' to define the scope of an argument or a study. You might also use the reflexive form 'incluir-se' to talk about your own participation in groups.

At B2, you use 'incluir' with greater precision in professional and academic settings. You can discuss the implications of including or excluding certain variables in a scientific study or a business strategy. You are comfortable with all tenses, including the conditional and the future subjunctive. You understand the nuances of register—when to use 'incluir' versus the more formal 'abranger'. You can use the verb to structure complex ideas, such as 'O relatório inclui uma análise detalhada, abrangendo os últimos cinco anos'. You also recognize idiomatic uses and can use the noun form 'inclusão' in sophisticated debates about society and ethics.

By C1, 'incluir' is a tool for nuanced expression. You use it to define boundaries in legal, philosophical, or highly technical discussions. You can use it in the passive voice with ease to create a more objective tone: 'Foram incluídos diversos fatores na análise final'. You understand the stylistic impact of placing 'incluir' at different points in a sentence. You can also use it to discuss the 'inclusiveness' of language itself. Your use of the verb is seamless, and you can switch between its various meanings—from physical addition to abstract conceptualization—without hesitation, often using it to synthesize complex information into clear, inclusive statements.

At the C2 level, you have a masterly command of 'incluir'. You can use it to convey subtle irony or emphasis. You are aware of its historical development and can use it in literary contexts where its Latin roots ('to shut in') might be played upon. You can use 'incluir' in highly complex sentence structures that involve multiple clauses and sophisticated grammar. Your usage is indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker, whether you are drafting a legal contract, writing a philosophical treatise, or engaging in a high-level political debate. You understand the full semantic field, including its most obscure and formal applications.

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

Incluir در ۳۰ ثانیه

Incluir is a versatile Portuguese verb meaning 'to include' or 'to contain'. It is essential for daily transactions, social planning, and formal documentation.
The verb is slightly irregular in the present tense (eu incluo, ele inclui). Mastering this 'ui' shift is crucial for sounding like a native speaker.
Commonly used in phrases like 'IVA incluído' (tax included) and 'incluir na lista' (include on the list). It functions as a direct transitive verb.
Its direct antonym is 'excluir' (to exclude). Both verbs are vital for managing groups, data sets, and social circles in Portuguese-speaking cultures.

The Portuguese verb incluir is a fundamental pillar of the language, essential for expressing the act of adding something to a group, containing an element within a whole, or ensuring that someone is part of an activity. At its core, it mirrors the English 'to include,' but its usage nuances in Portuguese often touch upon social integration, mathematical sets, and administrative documentation. When you use incluir, you are mentally or physically placing an item inside a boundary that already exists or is being created.

Semantic Range: The word spans from the physical (putting a document in a folder) to the abstract (considering a variable in an equation or a person in a plan).

Eu vou incluir o seu nome na lista de convidados para a festa de amanhã.

In the context of Portuguese grammar, incluir is a third-conjugation verb (-ir), but it possesses a slight irregularity in its stem during conjugation in the present indicative. For instance, the first person singular is 'eu incluo,' and the third person is 'ele inclui.' Understanding this phonetic shift is vital for A1 learners to sound natural. The concept of inclusion is also deeply tied to the Portuguese culture of hospitality; to 'incluir' someone is seen as a gesture of 'acolhimento' (welcoming).

Common Synonyms: Inserir (to insert), adicionar (to add), e abranger (to encompass/cover).

O preço do hotel inclui o pequeno-almoço e o acesso ao ginásio.

Furthermore, incluir is often used in professional settings. When sending an email, you might 'incluir um anexo' (include an attachment). In social policy, 'inclusão social' is a major topic in Brazil and Portugal, referring to the integration of marginalized groups. This broad utility makes it one of the top 500 most useful verbs for any beginner. Whether you are ordering food and asking if the price 'inclui a bebida' or organizing a trip with friends, this verb is your primary tool for defining the scope of your actions.

Precisamos de incluir mais vegetais na nossa dieta diária para sermos saudáveis.

Etymology: Derived from the Latin 'includere', where 'in-' means 'in' and 'claudere' means 'to shut'. Literally, to shut something inside.

O autor decidiu incluir um glossário no final do livro.

Não se esqueça de incluir a morada completa no formulário.

Using incluir correctly requires attention to its object and the prepositional environment it creates. Most commonly, it is a transitive direct verb, meaning it takes an object directly without a preposition. You 'incluir algo' (include something). However, when discussing the result of the inclusion, we often use the preposition 'em' (in) or 'no/na' (in the). For example, 'Incluí o erro no relatório' (I included the error in the report).

Direct Usage: Verb + Direct Object: 'O pacote inclui o voo'. No preposition needed between the verb and the item being included.

Você pode incluir o meu irmão na reserva?

In terms of conjugation, the present tense is the most frequent hurdle for beginners. The stem 'inclu-' is stable, but the endings for -ir verbs apply with a twist. 'Eu incluo' (I include), 'Tu incluis' (You include), 'Ele/Ela/Você inclui' (He/She/You includes), 'Nós incluímos' (We include), 'Eles/Elas/Vocês incluem' (They/You all include). Notice the accent on the 'í' in 'incluímos' to maintain the stress on the correct syllable. In the past tense (Pretérito Perfeito), it follows the regular -ir pattern: 'Eu incluí', 'Ele incluiu'.

Reflexive Use: 'Incluir-se' is used when you want to say you are including yourself in something. 'Eu me incluí no projeto'.

O guia vai incluir uma visita ao museu no roteiro.

One stylistic nuance involves the choice between 'incluir' and 'pôr' (to put). While 'pôr' is generic, 'incluir' implies a logical connection or a formal addition to a list or set. If you are adding an ingredient to a cake, you might 'pôr açúcar', but if you are adding a new clause to a contract, you must 'incluir uma cláusula'. This distinction elevates your Portuguese from basic to intermediate. Additionally, in Brazil, it's common to hear 'incluir' in digital contexts, such as 'incluir um contato' on a phone.

Nós vamos incluir as suas sugestões na versão final.

O menu do dia inclui sopa, prato principal e café.

Formal Contexts: In legal documents, 'incluir' is used to define the scope of rights or obligations. 'Esta lei inclui todos os cidadãos'.

Eles decidiram incluir uma nova categoria no concurso.

You will encounter incluir in almost every facet of daily life in a Portuguese-speaking country. In restaurants, it's the most common verb used to describe what comes with a meal. 'O preço inclui a sobremesa?' is a phrase every traveler should know. In shops, staff might ask if you want to 'incluir o seu NIF' (Tax Identification Number) on the receipt, a very common practice in Portugal for tax deductions.

In Restaurants: Used to clarify menu items and service charges. 'A taxa de serviço já está incluída?'

O pequeno-almoço está incluído na tarifa do quarto?

In the workplace, incluir is used during meetings when discussing project scopes or team compositions. 'Precisamos de incluir o departamento de marketing nesta decisão' (We need to include the marketing department in this decision). On the news, you'll hear it in reports about legislation, social programs, or statistics. For example, 'O novo plano do governo inclui subsídios para a habitação'. It carries a tone of officiality and precision in these contexts.

In Education: Teachers use it to list topics for an exam. 'O teste vai incluir os capítulos um a três'.

O professor vai incluir uma questão bónus no exame.

Socially, it's used when making plans. If a group of friends is going to the cinema, someone might ask, 'Vamos incluir o João no nosso grupo de WhatsApp?'. Here, it signifies social belonging. In the digital age, apps and websites frequently use 'incluir' for 'Add' buttons or when asking to 'include' location data. It's a versatile word that bridges the gap between formal administration and casual social interaction seamlessly.

A aplicação permite incluir filtros nas suas fotografias.

Não se esqueça de incluir todos os membros da família no seguro.

Digital Contexts: Adding items to a digital cart or list: 'Incluir no carrinho'.

O sistema vai incluir automaticamente a data de hoje.

One of the most frequent errors for English speakers learning Portuguese is the conjugation of incluir in the present tense. Many learners try to treat it as a regular -ir verb and say 'ele inclue' instead of the correct ele inclui. The addition of the 'i' after the 'u' is a specific phonetic rule for verbs ending in -uir (like 'concluir', 'excluir', 'substituir'). Mastering this 'ui' sound and spelling is a key marker of progress.

Conjugation Error: Incorrect: 'Ele inclue'. Correct: 'Ele inclui'. This applies to all third-person singular forms.

O pacote inclui (não 'inclue') todas as bebidas.

Another common pitfall is the confusion between the past participle 'incluído' and the past tense 'incluiu'. Because they sound somewhat similar to an untrained ear, learners often mix them up. Remember: 'Ele incluiu' is the action (He included), while 'Está incluído' is the state (It is included). Furthermore, the past participle must agree with the noun it describes. If you are talking about 'as taxas' (the fees), you must say 'incluídas' (feminine plural), not 'incluído'.

Preposition Misuse: Learners often say 'incluir com' (include with). In Portuguese, we 'incluir em' (include in) or simply use the direct object.

Vou incluir o seu nome na lista (não 'com a lista').

Lastly, don't confuse incluir with inserir. While they are often interchangeable, 'inserir' usually implies a physical insertion (like a key in a lock or a chip in a card reader), whereas 'incluir' is more about membership and logical grouping. Using 'inserir' when you mean 'to include a person in a group' can sound a bit mechanical or overly technical. Stick to 'incluir' for people and general list management to sound more natural.

É importante incluir todos os detalhes no contrato.

O preço inclui o transporte de ida e volta.

False Friends: Fortunately, 'incluir' is a true cognate with English 'include', making it easier to remember, but watch the conjugation!

Eles vão incluir uma nova regra no jogo.

Understanding incluir becomes easier when you compare it with its linguistic neighbors. The most direct synonym is adicionar (to add). While 'incluir' focuses on the result (being part of the whole), 'adicionar' focuses on the action of adding something more. For example, you 'adiciona açúcar' to coffee, but the price of the coffee 'inclui o açúcar'. Another close relative is inserir (to insert), which is more physical or technical.

Incluir vs. Adicionar: Incluir: To have as part of a set. Adicionar: To put something extra into something else.

Vou incluir o seu nome na lista. (Membership focus)

Then there is abranger (to encompass/cover). This is a more formal and broader term. While 'incluir' might list specific items, 'abranger' describes the entire scope or reach of something. For instance, a law might 'abranger' all citizens. Another useful word is conter (to contain). 'Conter' is more passive; a box 'contém' books. 'Incluir' is more active; the list 'inclui' names. Understanding these subtle differences helps you choose the right word for the right level of formality.

Incluir vs. Inserir: Inserir: Physical placement (e.g., 'inserir o cartão'). Incluir: Logical grouping (e.g., 'incluir uma cláusula').

O projeto abrange várias áreas da ciência.

On the opposite side, we have excluir (to exclude) and retirar (to remove). 'Excluir' is the direct antonym of 'incluir' and follows the same conjugation pattern ('eu excluo', 'ele exclui'). If you want to say you are taking something out of a list, you 'exclui' it. If you are physically taking something away, you 'retira' it. Learning these words in pairs (incluir/excluir) is a highly effective memorization strategy for A1 and A2 students.

Por favor, não me exclua da conversa.

O pacote de férias inclui seguro de viagem.

Incluir vs. Conter: Conter: To hold within (static). Incluir: To add to or have as a component (active/logical).

A caixa contém doze garrafas de vinho.

چقدر رسمی است؟

رسمی

غیر رسمی

عامیانه

سطح دشواری

گرامر لازم

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

O preço inclui o jantar.

The price includes dinner.

Third person singular present: inclui.

Eu incluo o meu nome na lista.

I include my name on the list.

First person singular present: incluo.

O hotel inclui o pequeno-almoço.

The hotel includes breakfast.

Common usage for services.

Você inclui o açúcar no café?

Do you include sugar in the coffee?

Interrogative form.

A conta inclui o serviço.

The bill includes the service.

Common travel phrase.

Nós incluímos os amigos na festa.

We include friends in the party.

First person plural: incluímos.

Eles incluem as crianças no jogo.

They include the children in the game.

Third person plural: incluem.

O pacote inclui o transporte.

The package includes transport.

Standard business usage.

Eu incluí as fotos no e-mail.

I included the photos in the email.

Pretérito Perfeito: incluí.

As taxas já estão incluídas no preço.

The taxes are already included in the price.

Past participle as adjective: incluídas (feminine plural).

Ele incluiu um mapa no guia de viagem.

He included a map in the travel guide.

Pretérito Perfeito: incluiu.

Nós vamos incluir mais exercícios no livro.

We are going to include more exercises in the book.

Future with 'ir' + infinitive.

Você pode incluir o meu número na agenda?

Can you include my number in the contact list?

Polite request with 'pode'.

Eles incluíram o João no grupo de trabalho.

They included João in the work group.

Pretérito Perfeito plural: incluíram.

O menu não inclui bebidas alcoólicas.

The menu does not include alcoholic drinks.

Negative sentence.

Ela sempre inclui vegetais nas refeições.

She always includes vegetables in her meals.

Present tense for habits.

É essencial que o projeto inclua uma fase de testes.

It is essential that the project includes a testing phase.

Present Subjunctive: inclua.

Se eu pudesse, incluiria todos os meus amigos na viagem.

If I could, I would include all my friends in the trip.

Conditional: incluiria.

O governo quer incluir novas leis sobre o ambiente.

The government wants to include new laws about the environment.

Infinitive after 'querer'.

Nós nos incluímos na discussão sobre o futuro da empresa.

We included ourselves in the discussion about the company's future.

Reflexive: nos incluímos.

O relatório deve incluir uma conclusão clara.

The report must include a clear conclusion.

Modal verb 'deve' + infinitive.

Eles sugeriram incluir mais diversidade na equipa.

They suggested including more diversity in the team.

Infinitive as a suggestion.

O preço final incluirá todos os custos de envio.

The final price will include all shipping costs.

Future Indicative: incluirá.

Embora o livro seja curto, inclui muita informação.

Although the book is short, it includes a lot of information.

Concessive clause with 'embora'.

A análise incluiu variáveis que não tínhamos considerado.

The analysis included variables we hadn't considered.

Pretérito Perfeito with abstract object.

É fundamental incluir a perspetiva do cliente no design.

It is fundamental to include the customer's perspective in the design.

Impersonal expression with infinitive.

O contrato inclui uma cláusula de rescisão antecipada.

The contract includes an early termination clause.

Formal/Legal context.

Caso você inclua esses dados, o resultado mudará.

In case you include these data, the result will change.

Future Subjunctive: inclua (after 'caso').

O autor optou por não incluir o capítulo polémico.

The author chose not to include the controversial chapter.

Infinitive with 'optar por'.

A conferência incluiu oradores de renome internacional.

The conference included speakers of international renown.

Formal vocabulary: 'renome'.

As medidas de austeridade incluíram cortes na saúde.

The austerity measures included health cuts.

Political/Economic context.

Não podemos deixar de incluir a questão ética neste debate.

We cannot fail to include the ethical question in this debate.

Periphrastic construction 'deixar de'.

A proposta visa incluir as franjas mais desfavorecidas da sociedade.

The proposal aims to include the most disadvantaged fringes of society.

Formal verb 'visar' + infinitive.

O estudo foi criticado por não incluir uma amostra representativa.

The study was criticized for not including a representative sample.

Passive voice 'foi criticado'.

Ao incluir estas referências, o texto ganha maior autoridade.

By including these references, the text gains greater authority.

Gerundial use of 'ao' + infinitive.

A definição de 'cultura' deve incluir tanto o erudito como o popular.

The definition of 'culture' must include both the scholarly and the popular.

Philosophical/Academic context.

Seria negligente não incluir os riscos potenciais no relatório.

It would be negligent not to include the potential risks in the report.

Conditional 'seria' + adjective.

A nova política de RH procura incluir práticas de trabalho flexível.

The new HR policy seeks to include flexible working practices.

Corporate jargon: 'RH', 'flexível'.

O historiador decidiu incluir fontes primárias inéditas.

The historian decided to include unpublished primary sources.

Academic context: 'fontes primárias'.

A estratégia de marketing deve incluir uma forte presença digital.

The marketing strategy must include a strong digital presence.

Strategic business usage.

A hermenêutica do texto permite incluir múltiplas interpretações.

The hermeneutics of the text allows for the inclusion of multiple interpretations.

Highly academic: 'hermenêutica'.

O legislador teve o cuidado de incluir salvaguardas contra o abuso de poder.

The legislator was careful to include safeguards against the abuse of power.

Legal precision: 'salvaguardas'.

A narrativa, ao incluir elementos do realismo mágico, torna-se transcendente.

The narrative, by including elements of magical realism, becomes transcendent.

Literary analysis.

É imperativo que o discurso inclua uma retórica de unificação.

It is imperative that the speech includes a rhetoric of unification.

Political philosophy: 'imperativo', 'retórica'.

A ontologia da obra inclui a negação do próprio autor.

The ontology of the work includes the negation of the author himself.

Philosophical context: 'ontologia'.

Não se pode incluir tal premissa sem uma fundamentação teórica sólida.

One cannot include such a premise without a solid theoretical foundation.

Logical argumentation: 'premissa'.

A curadoria da exposição incluiu obras que desafiam o cânone artístico.

The curation of the exhibition included works that challenge the artistic canon.

Art criticism: 'curadoria', 'cânone'.

O tratado internacional inclui protocolos rigorosos de verificação.

The international treaty includes rigorous verification protocols.

Diplomatic language: 'tratado', 'protocolos'.

ترکیب‌های رایج

incluir no preço

incluir na lista

incluir no relatório

incluir um anexo

incluir o NIF

incluir na agenda

incluir no grupo

incluir no orçamento

incluir na dieta

incluir no roteiro

عبارات رایج

Tudo incluído

IVA incluído

Incluir na conta

Não se esqueça de incluir...

Pode incluir o meu nome?

O que é que o preço inclui?

Incluir no carrinho

Serviço incluído

Incluir na reserva

Incluir no plano

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

Incluir vs inserir (physical vs logical)

Incluir vs adicionar (adding more vs being part of)

Incluir vs conter (holding vs membership)

اصطلاحات و عبارات

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

Incluir vs

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

نحوه استفاده

passive

Commonly used as 'está incluído' to describe status.

reflexive

Use 'incluir-se' to mean 'to count oneself in'.

اشتباهات رایج

Verbs in -uir change to -ui in the 3rd person singular present.
The preposition 'em' (na/no) is used for location, not 'com'.
The verb and adjective must agree with the plural feminine subject.
Festa is feminine, so use 'na' (em + a).
Use present tense for general facts/rules.

نکات

Watch the 'ui'

Always remember that 'ele inclui' has an 'i'. It's a common mistake to write 'inclue'. This rule applies to all -uir verbs.

Pair with 'Excluir'

Learn 'incluir' and 'excluir' together. They follow the exact same conjugation rules and are perfect opposites.

Be Inclusive

Using 'incluir' when making plans shows you are considerate. 'Vamos incluir todos' is a great phrase for social harmony.

Check the Bill

Always look for 'IVA incluído' on receipts in Portugal to know if you've already paid the tax. It saves confusion at the register.

Scope of Work

In contracts, use 'incluir' to clearly define what services are being provided. It prevents future disagreements about what was promised.

Nasal 'In'

Practice the nasal 'in' by blocking your nose slightly. If the sound changes, you're doing it right! It's a key Portuguese sound.

Email Attachments

When sending files, 'Seguem incluídos os ficheiros' is a very formal and correct way to say 'The files are included/attached'.

App Language

Set your phone to Portuguese. You'll see 'incluir' or 'adicionar' everywhere, which helps reinforce the meaning through daily use.

Recipes

When reading recipes, look for 'incluir' to see which ingredients need to be mixed into the main bowl.

Context is King

Don't just memorize the word; memorize the phrase 'O preço inclui'. It's the most common way you'll actually use it.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Including' something in a 'Clue' game. You 'incluir' the suspect in your list.

ریشه کلمه

Latin

بافت فرهنگی

Strong focus on 'inclusão social' and 'diversidade' in media and corporate life.

Focus on 'IVA incluído' and 'NIF incluído' in commercial transactions.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"O que é que este preço inclui?"

"Podemos incluir mais uma pessoa na reserva?"

"Você acha que devemos incluir este tópico na reunião?"

"Como podemos incluir mais exercício na nossa rotina?"

"Quais são os pratos que o menu inclui hoje?"

موضوعات نگارش

Escreve sobre uma vez que te sentiste incluído num grupo.

O que gostarias de incluir na tua lista de desejos para este ano?

Descreve um projeto e o que ele deve incluir para ter sucesso.

Como é que a tua cidade pode incluir melhor as pessoas idosas?

Faz uma lista de compras e inclui cinco coisas saudáveis.

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, it is slightly irregular. In the present tense, verbs ending in -uir add an 'i' in the second and third person singular (tu incluis, ele inclui). This is a standard pattern for this group of verbs.

You should say 'O serviço está incluído?' or 'A taxa de serviço está incluída?'. Note that 'taxa' is feminine, so you use 'incluída'.

Yes, absolutely. It is very common to say 'Vamos incluir o Pedro no grupo' (Let's include Pedro in the group). It sounds natural and welcoming.

Incluir focuses on the item being part of a whole (The price includes tax). Adicionar focuses on the act of adding something extra (Add sugar to the coffee). Often they are interchangeable, but 'incluir' is more about membership.

Usually, it is a direct transitive verb (incluir algo). If you want to specify where it is being included, use 'em' (incluir na lista). Never use 'com' like in some English contexts.

It is a nasal vowel. You don't fully pronounce the 'n'. It's similar to the 'in' in the English word 'input' but with the air going through your nose.

It can be the past participle used in compound tenses (Eu tenho incluído) or an adjective (O café está incluído). As an adjective, it must agree with the noun.

The noun is 'inclusão' (inclusion). It is used in contexts like 'inclusão social' or 'inclusão digital'.

Yes, it is used identically in both countries, though the pronunciation of the final 'r' will differ (soft in Portugal, often aspirated or retroflex in Brazil).

Yes, it's very professional. You can say 'Incluo em anexo o documento solicitado' (I include the requested document as an attachment).