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A1 adjective 11 دقیقه مطالعه

dar

مثال‌ها dar در ۳۰ ثانیه
توضیح dar in your Level:
At the A1 level, you only need to know 'dar' in its most literal sense: the opposite of 'geniş' (wide). Imagine you are walking down a street. If the street is very small and cars cannot pass easily, it is 'dar'. If you are buying a T-shirt and it is too small for you, you say 'Bu dar'. This level focuses on simple physical descriptions. You will use it to describe rooms, clothes, and roads. The most important phrase to learn is 'Bana dar geliyor', which means 'It feels tight on me'. You should also be able to recognize it in simple questions like 'Bu yol dar mı?' (Is this road narrow?). At this stage, don't worry about metaphorical meanings. Just think of it as a measurement of width. You might see it on signs in parking lots or hear it in a clothing store. It is a very common word, so learning it early will help you describe your environment and your needs when shopping. Remember: dar = narrow/tight.
At the A2 level, you begin to use 'dar' in slightly more complex but still common daily situations. You will start to see it used with 'vakit' (time) and 'bütçe' (budget). When you say 'Vaktim dar', you are telling someone you are in a hurry. This is a very useful social phrase. You will also learn the diminutive form 'daracık'. Adding '-acık' makes the word 'dar' sound even smaller or more emphasized. 'Daracık bir oda' sounds like a very tiny, perhaps even cute or cramped, little room. You will also start to use 'dar' in comparisons: 'Bu sokak diğerinden daha dar' (This street is narrower than the other). You might also encounter the noun form 'darlık' in simple contexts like 'geçim darlığı' (financial hardship), although 'dar' as an adjective remains the focus. You should be comfortable using 'dar' with a variety of nouns like 'ayakkabı' (shoe), 'pantolon' (pants), 'kapı' (door), and 'merdiven' (stairs).
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By B1, you should understand the metaphorical and idiomatic uses of 'dar'. This includes the common expression 'dara düşmek', which means to fall into a difficult situation, usually financial. You will also encounter 'dar görüşlü', which means narrow-minded. This is the level where you start to describe people's characters or social situations using 'dar'. For example, 'Dar bir çevrede yaşıyor' (He lives in a narrow/limited circle). You will also learn the verb 'daralmak', which comes from 'dar'. It can mean to become narrower, but it is most commonly used to say 'to get bored' or 'to feel overwhelmed/anxious' (Canım daralıyor). Understanding the connection between physical 'narrowness' and the psychological feeling of 'constriction' is key at this level. You might also see 'dar' used in more specific contexts like 'dar paça' (slim-leg pants) or 'dar bölge' (narrow region) in news reports about geography or politics. Your ability to use 'dar' should move beyond just 'tight clothes' to 'tight schedules' and 'tight situations'.
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At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'dar' with more precision and in professional or academic contexts. You will see it in economic terms like 'dar boğaz' (bottleneck/economic crisis). You should understand how 'dar' functions in complex sentences and how it interacts with other words to create specific meanings. For instance, 'dar kapsamlı bir araştırma' means 'a research of narrow/limited scope'. You will also encounter 'dar' in literature and media to describe social classes ('dar gelirli' - low income). At this level, you should be able to distinguish between 'dar' and its synonyms like 'kısıtlı' (limited) or 'sıkışık' (congested) based on the context. You might also hear idioms like 'dünyayı dar etmek', which means to make someone's life miserable (literally: to make the world narrow for them). Your usage should reflect a deeper understanding of how Turkish uses spatial metaphors to describe power dynamics, economic status, and social constraints.
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At the C1 level, you will explore the nuanced and sometimes archaic or poetic uses of 'dar'. You might encounter it in classical Turkish literature or sophisticated essays where 'dar' describes the 'dar kalıplar' (narrow molds/conventions) of society. You will understand how 'dar' is used in philosophical discussions about space and existence. For example, 'insanın dar dünyası' (the narrow world of man). You should be able to use the word in high-level business negotiations or academic writing, such as discussing 'dar mükellefiyet' (limited tax liability) in a legal context. Your mastery should include understanding the rhythmic and phonetic role of 'dar' in proverbs and folk songs (türküler). You will also be familiar with very specific technical terms like 'dar açılı mercek' (narrow-angle lens) in photography or 'dar dar' usage in specific dialects. At this level, 'dar' is not just a word, but a versatile tool for expressing subtle degrees of limitation and focus in any subject matter.
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At the C2 level, your understanding of 'dar' is near-native. You can appreciate the word's use in the most complex linguistic structures, including wordplay, puns, and deep cultural references. You understand the historical evolution from the Old Turkic 'tar' and how it relates to cognates in other Turkic languages. You can analyze how 'dar' is used in the rhetoric of political speeches to evoke a sense of urgency or crisis ('ülkemiz bir dar boğazdan geçiyor'). You are comfortable with rare idiomatic expressions like 'dar fistan' in old poetry or the specific use of 'dar' in Ottoman legal terminology if encountered. You can switch between the literal, metaphorical, and technical meanings of 'dar' effortlessly, choosing the word over synonyms like 'dar kapsamlı' or 'mehdut' (limited/archaic) to achieve a specific stylistic effect. You also understand the prosody of the word in Turkish poetry, where its short, sharp sound can be used to emphasize a sense of entrapment or finality.
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مثال‌ها

dar در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • Dar is the Turkish word for 'narrow' or 'tight', used for physical spaces and clothing fit.
  • It also metaphorically describes limited time, small budgets, and narrow-minded perspectives.
  • The word is the direct opposite of 'geniş', which means 'wide' or 'spacious'.
  • Commonly used in idioms like 'dara düşmek' (to be in trouble) and 'vakit dar' (time is short).

The Turkish word dar is a fundamental adjective that English speakers primarily translate as 'narrow' or 'tight'. At its core, it describes a lack of space or width, but its utility in the Turkish language extends far beyond physical dimensions. When you walk through the historic neighborhoods of Istanbul, such as Balat or Kuzguncuk, you will immediately encounter the physical manifestation of this word in the form of dar sokaklar (narrow streets). These are paths where two people might struggle to walk side-by-side, perfectly capturing the literal essence of the term. However, as you progress in your Turkish studies, you will find that dar acts as a versatile metaphor for various types of constraints—be they temporal, financial, or psychological.

Physical Dimension
In a spatial context, dar is used to describe corridors, roads, or rooms that have a small distance between their sides. For example, 'dar bir koridor' (a narrow corridor) or 'dar bir oda' (a cramped/small room).
Clothing and Fit
When trying on clothes, if a shirt or pair of trousers is too small or clings too tightly to the body, a Turkish speaker will say 'Bu gömlek bana dar geldi' (This shirt is tight on me/feels narrow for me).
Abstract Constraints
Metaphorically, it refers to limited resources. 'Dar vakit' means having very little time left, while 'dar bütçe' refers to a tight or limited budget. It signifies a state of being 'squeezed' by circumstances.

Bu ay bütçemiz çok dar, bu yüzden dışarıda yemek yiyemeyiz.

Cultural nuances also play a significant role. In Turkish culture, the concept of 'darlık' (the noun form of dar, meaning narrowness or hardship) is often contrasted with 'bolluk' (abundance) or 'genişlik' (width/comfort). A person who is 'dar görüşlü' is considered narrow-minded, someone who cannot see the broader perspective. Conversely, a person who is 'geniş' is someone who is relaxed, perhaps even to a fault, and doesn't worry about things easily. Understanding dar requires recognizing this tension between restriction and freedom. In the marketplace, if a vendor tells you a garment is 'dar kesim', they are using the modern terminology for 'slim fit', which is a positive attribute in fashion but still relies on the base meaning of the word. Furthermore, the word appears in the phrase 'dara düşmek', which literally means 'to fall into narrowness', but idiomatically means to fall into financial or personal trouble. This linguistic bridge between physical space and life difficulty is a hallmark of the Turkish language's expressive power.

Historically, the word has roots in Old Turkic as 'tar', maintaining its core meaning for over a millennium. It is a stable, high-frequency word that you will encounter in every domain of life, from architectural blueprints to emotional venting. Whether you are navigating a dar geçit (narrow pass) in the mountains or feeling the can sıkıntısı (boredom/anxiety) that makes the world feel dar to you, this word is your primary tool for describing the sensation of being limited.

Using dar in a sentence is relatively straightforward for English speakers because it functions as a standard adjective. However, its placement and the verbs it pairs with can change the nuance significantly. In Turkish grammar, adjectives usually precede the noun they modify. For instance, in the phrase dar bir yol (a narrow road), 'dar' provides the quality of the 'yol'. If you want to use it as a predicate, saying 'The road is narrow', you would say Yol dar or Yol dardır (The road is indeed narrow).

Attributive Usage
Placed before the noun: 'Dar pantolonlar moda oldu' (Narrow/tight trousers became fashionable). Here, it describes the type of trousers.
Predicative Usage
Placed at the end of the sentence: 'Bu oda çok dar' (This room is very narrow). This describes the state of the subject.

Zamanımız çok dar, hemen karar vermeliyiz.

When talking about clothing, the construction changes to include a dative pronoun (bana, sana, ona, etc.) and the verb gelmek. This is a common pattern in Turkish where an experience is described as 'coming' to a person in a certain way. 'Bu ceket sana dar mı geldi?' (Did this jacket feel tight on you?). This is more common than saying 'Bu ceket senin için dar' (This jacket is narrow for you), which sounds unnatural. Another important grammatical aspect is the use of dar with the suffix -acık to create the diminutive daracık. This translates to 'very narrow' or 'tiny and narrow', often used to emphasize how small or cramped something is, sometimes with a sense of coziness or, more often, claustrophobia. For example, 'Daracık sokaklarda kaybolduk' (We got lost in the very narrow streets).

In more advanced usage, dar combines with nouns to form compound adjectives. 'Dar paça pantolon' refers to 'tapered' or 'narrow-hemmed' trousers. 'Dar gelirli aileler' refers to 'low-income families' (literally 'narrow-income'). In these cases, dar functions as a quantifier for the noun that follows it within the compound. You might also hear it in the comparative form daha dar (narrower) or superlative en dar (narrowest). For example, 'İstanbul'un en dar sokağı hangisidir?' (Which is the narrowest street in Istanbul?). By mastering these patterns, you can describe everything from the fit of a shoe to the constraints of a national economy.

If you are in Turkey, you will hear dar in several distinct environments. The most frequent is undoubtedly in the world of commerce and shopping. In a 'mağaza' (store) or 'pazar' (bazaar), customers and shopkeepers constantly discuss the fit of clothing. A customer might complain, 'Bu ayakkabı önden dar' (This shoe is narrow at the front), or a tailor might suggest, 'Bunu biraz daraltalım' (Let's narrow/taper this a bit). The word is central to the Turkish textile industry, which is one of the country's largest economic sectors. You will see labels like 'dar kalıp' (slim fit) on everything from high-end suits in Nişantaşı to affordable jeans in a local market.

Daily Conversations
When people are stressed about time, they often say 'Vaktim dar' (My time is narrow/short). It's a very common way to excuse oneself from a long conversation.
News and Media
In economic reports, journalists frequently use the term 'dar boğaz' (bottleneck). This describes a period of crisis or a specific point in a process that slows everything down.

Eski İstanbul evlerinin merdivenleri genellikle çok dar olur.

Another place you will encounter dar is in the context of transportation and urban navigation. Turkish cities are a mix of hyper-modern wide boulevards and ancient, winding 'dar sokaklar'. GPS navigation apps might warn about 'dar yol' (narrow road) conditions. Drivers often use the word when navigating tight parking spaces: 'Burası çok dar, sığmaz' (This place is too narrow, it won't fit). Furthermore, in social commentary, the term 'dar çevre' (narrow circle/limited social circle) is used to describe a person's immediate, limited social environment. This usage highlights how the word moves from the physical world into the social and abstract realms. Even in sports, a commentator might say 'dar alanda kısa paslaşmalar' (short passes in a narrow area), a phrase that has also become a metaphor in Turkish for efficient, small-scale collaboration or a specific style of filmmaking and storytelling.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when using dar is confusing it with other adjectives that describe size or shape, specifically ince (thin) and küçük (small). While a narrow road is dar, a thin piece of paper is ince. If you say a shirt is ince, you are saying the fabric is thin or see-through, not that the size is too small. To say the size is tight, you must use dar. Similarly, don't confuse dar with kısa (short). A 'dar pantolon' is tight around the legs, while a 'kısa pantolon' is short in length.

Dar vs. İnce
Use 'dar' for width/tightness (narrow street, tight shirt). Use 'ince' for thickness (thin book, thin wire, thin person).
Dar vs. Sıkı
English speakers often use 'tight' for both 'dar' and 'sıkı'. In Turkish, 'dar' means narrow in dimension. 'Sıkı' means firm, strict, or tight in terms of grip/tension. A 'sıkı dostluk' is a close friendship, not a 'dar' one.

Hatalı: Bu ip çok dar. (Wrong: This rope is very narrow - when meaning thin).
Doğru: Bu ip çok ince. (Correct: This rope is very thin).

Another common error involves the misuse of the dative case when talking about clothing fit. Beginners often say 'Benim için dar' (Narrow for me), which is a literal translation of the English structure. The correct Turkish way to express this is 'Bana dar geliyor' (It comes narrow to me). The verb gelmek is essential here. Additionally, students sometimes forget that dar cannot be used to describe a 'narrow' escape in the same way English does. In Turkish, a 'narrow escape' is 'direkten dönmek' (returning from the goalpost) or 'ucuz kurtulmak' (escaping cheaply). Using dar kurtuluş would be a nonsensical literal translation. Lastly, be careful with the word 'daralmak' (to become narrow/to get bored). While related to 'dar', it is a verb. Students sometimes try to use the adjective where the verb is needed, or vice versa, especially when describing their emotional state.

To enrich your Turkish vocabulary, it is helpful to know words that are similar to dar but carry different shades of meaning. The most direct synonym for physical narrowness is ensiz (without width), though this is much less common and more technical. When describing a space that is crowded or where people are squeezed together, sıkışık is often a better choice. For example, 'trafik çok sıkışık' (traffic is very congested/tight) is more common than 'dar trafik'.

Dar vs. Kısıtlı
Dar implies a physical or metaphorical narrowness. Kısıtlı means 'limited' or 'restricted'. You have 'dar imkanlar' (narrow/meager means) but 'kısıtlı zaman' (limited time). They are often interchangeable in abstract contexts.
Dar vs. Küçük
Küçük refers to overall size (small). Dar refers specifically to width. A room can be large in length but dar in width.
Dar vs. Sığ
Sığ means 'shallow'. While both words can describe a lack of depth or breadth, sığ is used for water or intellectual depth, whereas dar is for physical width.

Dar bir alanda çalışmak zordur, ama kısıtlı kaynaklarla çalışmak daha da zordur.

If you want to emphasize how extremely narrow something is, you can use the reduplicative form dar dar (rarely used as an adjective) or more commonly the diminutive daracık. Another alternative in literary contexts is teng (from Persian), though this is mostly found in older texts or specific compound words. In fashion, as mentioned, slim-fit has been adopted as a loanword, but dar kesim remains the standard Turkish term. Understanding these alternatives allows you to be more precise. For instance, if a shirt is tight because you've gained weight, it's dar. If a shoe is tight because it's pressing on your foot, it's both dar and sıkıyor (it's pinching). Exploring these synonyms helps you navigate the subtle differences between physical dimensions and the functional experience of space.

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

Bu sokak çok dar.

This street is very narrow.

Simple adjective usage as a predicate.

2

Bu gömlek bana dar.

This shirt is tight on me.

Using 'dar' with a dative pronoun (bana).

3

Dar bir pantolon aldım.

I bought a pair of narrow (tight) trousers.

Attributive usage before the noun.

4

Oda çok dar, buraya sığmayız.

The room is very narrow, we won't fit here.

Using 'dar' to describe spatial limitation.

5

Ayakkabılarım biraz dar.

My shoes are a bit tight.

'Biraz' (a bit) modifies the adjective 'dar'.

6

Bu yol çok dar, dikkatli sür.

This road is very narrow, drive carefully.

Imperative sentence with an adjective description.

7

Dar bir kapıdan geçtik.

We passed through a narrow door.

Past tense verb with 'dar' modifying the object.

8

Mutfak çok dar ama güzel.

The kitchen is very narrow but beautiful.

Contrast using 'ama' (but).

1

Vaktimiz çok dar, acele etmeliyiz.

Our time is very short (narrow), we must hurry.

Metaphorical use of 'dar' with 'vakit' (time).

2

Daracık bir evde yaşıyorlar.

They live in a tiny, narrow house.

Use of the diminutive suffix '-acık' for emphasis.

3

Bu ay bütçemiz dar, tasarruf yapmalıyız.

Our budget is tight this month, we must save money.

Metaphorical use with 'bütçe' (budget).

4

Daha dar bir yol biliyor musun?

Do you know a narrower road?

Comparative form using 'daha'.

5

Bu ceket sana dar mı geldi?

Did this jacket feel tight on you?

The common 'dar gelmek' construction.

6

Dar paça pantolonlar yine moda.

Narrow-hemmed trousers are in fashion again.

Compound adjective 'dar paça'.

7

Eski şehrin dar sokaklarında yürüdük.

We walked in the narrow streets of the old city.

Genitive-possessive construction with 'dar'.

8

Bu ayakkabı önden dar geliyor.

This shoe feels tight at the front.

Using a directional adverb (önden) with 'dar'.

1

O çok dar görüşlü bir insan, onu ikna edemezsin.

He is a very narrow-minded person, you cannot convince him.

Idiomatic compound 'dar görüşlü'.

2

İşler kötü gidince dara düştüler.

They fell into hardship when things went badly.

Idiom 'dara düşmek' (to fall into difficulty).

3

Kalabalıkta canım daraldı, dışarı çıkalım.

I felt overwhelmed (narrowed) in the crowd, let's go out.

Verb 'daralmak' derived from 'dar'.

4

Dar gelirli aileler için yardım topluyoruz.

We are collecting aid for low-income families.

Compound term 'dar gelirli' (low income).

5

Bu dar alanda nasıl çalışabiliyorsun?

How can you work in this narrow (cramped) space?

Using 'dar' to imply a lack of comfort.

6

Zaman daralıyor, bir an önce bitirmeliyiz.

Time is running out (narrowing), we must finish as soon as possible.

Verb 'daralmak' used for time.

7

Dar bir çevrede yetişmiş, dünyayı pek tanımıyor.

He grew up in a narrow circle, he doesn't know the world much.

Metaphorical use of 'çevre' (circle/environment).

8

Bu pantolonu biraz daraltmak gerekiyor.

This pair of trousers needs to be narrowed (taken in) a bit.

Causative verb 'daraltmak'.

1

Şirket şu an ekonomik bir dar boğazdan geçiyor.

The company is currently going through an economic bottleneck.

Metaphorical compound 'dar boğaz'.

2

Bu kadar dar bir çerçeveden bakmamalısın.

You shouldn't look at it from such a narrow framework.

Abstract use of 'çerçeve' (frame/framework).

3

Dar kapsamlı bir araştırma yapmaya karar verdik.

We decided to conduct a narrow-scope research.

Compound adjective 'dar kapsamlı'.

4

Ona dünyayı dar etti, sonunda istifa ettirdi.

He made life miserable for him, finally making him resign.

Idiom 'dünyayı dar etmek'.

5

Dar alanda kısa paslaşmalarla rakibi şaşırttılar.

They surprised the opponent with short passes in a narrow area.

Sports terminology used metaphorically.

6

Sınav yaklaştıkça üzerimdeki çember daralıyor.

As the exam approaches, the circle around me is narrowing (pressure is increasing).

Metaphorical use of 'daralmak'.

7

Bu dar imkanlarla mucizeler yarattı.

He created miracles with these meager (narrow) means.

'Dar imkanlar' meaning limited resources.

8

Sokaklar o kadar dardı ki güneş ışığı yere ulaşmıyordu.

The streets were so narrow that sunlight wasn't reaching the ground.

Result clause with 'o kadar... ki'.

1

Yazar, karakterin iç dünyasındaki darlığı ustalıkla anlatmış.

The author masterfully described the narrowness of the character's inner world.

Noun 'darlık' used in a psychological context.

2

Toplumun dar kalıplarını kırmak kolay değildir.

It is not easy to break the narrow molds (conventions) of society.

'Dar kalıp' as a metaphor for social norms.

3

Dar açılı bir lens kullanarak derinlik algısını değiştirdi.

He changed the perception of depth by using a narrow-angle lens.

Technical term 'dar açılı' (narrow-angle).

4

Bu meseleyi dar bir perspektife hapsetmemek lazım.

One must not imprison this issue within a narrow perspective.

Abstract metaphorical usage.

5

Şair, daracık mısralara koca bir dünyayı sığdırmış.

The poet fit a whole world into tiny, narrow verses.

Poetic use of the diminutive 'daracık'.

6

Hukuki açıdan bu kişi dar mükellef sayılır.

From a legal standpoint, this person is considered a limited taxpayer.

Legal term 'dar mükellef'.

7

Zihinsel bir darlık içinde debelenip duruyor.

He is struggling within a mental narrowness.

Abstract noun usage.

8

Dar vakitte yapılan işten hayır gelmez.

No good comes from work done in a narrow (short) time.

Proverbial style usage.

1

Felsefesinde, varlığın dar koordinatlarını genişletmeye çalışır.

In his philosophy, he tries to expand the narrow coordinates of existence.

Highly abstract philosophical usage.

2

Metindeki dar anlam, tarihsel bağlamla genişliyor.

The narrow meaning in the text expands with the historical context.

Linguistic/hermeneutic usage.

3

Siyasi konjonktürün daralması, yeni ittifakları zorunlu kıldı.

The narrowing of the political conjuncture made new alliances mandatory.

Political science terminology.

4

Dar hacimli ama yoğun içerikli bir eser kaleme almış.

He penned a work of narrow (small) volume but dense content.

Literary description.

5

Mekânın darlığı, bireyin yalnızlığını simgeliyor.

The narrowness of the space symbolizes the individual's loneliness.

Symbolic literary analysis.

6

Bu dar patikada yürümek, hayatın zorluklarını temsil eder.

Walking on this narrow path represents the difficulties of life.

Allegorical usage.

7

İktisadi daralmanın etkileri halk üzerinde hissedilmeye başlandı.

The effects of economic contraction (narrowing) began to be felt by the public.

Formal economic term 'daralma'.

8

Dilin dar sınırları içinde duygularını ifade etmeye çalışıyordu.

He was trying to express his feelings within the narrow boundaries of language.

Linguistic philosophy.

ترکیب‌های رایج

dar sokak
dar vakit
dar gelirli
dar görüşlü
dar boğaz
dar paça
dar kapsamlı
dar alan
dar bütçe
dar çevre

عبارات رایج

Vaktim dar.

— I am short on time. Used when you need to leave or finish quickly.

Vaktim dar, hemen konuya girelim.

Bana dar geliyor.

— It feels tight on me. Used exclusively for clothing or shoes.

Bu ayakkabılar bana dar geliyor.

İşler dar.

— Business is slow or money is tight. Used in commercial contexts.

Bu aralar piyasa durgun, işler dar.

Dar gün dostu.

— A friend for 'narrow' (hard) days. A friend who helps you in times of trouble.

O gerçek bir dar gün dostudur.

Aradan dar geçmek.

— To barely fit through or to pass through a tight spot.

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محتوای مرتبط

قواعد دستوری مرتبط

Questioning Existence with 'Var mı?' A1
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