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B1 verb #4,500 پرکاربردترین 9 دقیقه مطالعه

阐述

chǎnshù رتبه 4,500

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 阐述 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 阐述 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '阐述' (chǎnshù) is a very difficult word that you usually won't need. It means 'to explain something very clearly and in detail.' Think of it like a teacher explaining a big idea to the class. While you might use '说' (shuō - speak) or '解释' (jiěshì - explain) for simple things, '阐述' is for big, important ideas. For now, just remember that if you see this word, someone is giving a long and detailed explanation about a topic. You don't need to use it yet, but recognizing it in a formal setting is a great start!

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For A2 learners, you might start seeing '阐述' in formal reading passages or simplified news. It is a more 'serious' version of '解释' (explain). While '解释' can be used for simple things like 'explaining why you are late,' '阐述' is used for 'explaining a plan' or 'explaining a viewpoint.' It often appears in the pattern: 'Person + 阐述 + Viewpoint.' If you want to sound more professional in a basic presentation, you could try using it, but '说' and '解释' are still your main tools. Focus on seeing how it is followed by abstract things like '想法' (ideas) or '理由' (reasons).

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At the B1 level, you should begin to actively use '阐述' in your writing and formal speaking. This is the stage where you start discussing opinions, social issues, and work-related plans. When you write an essay about 'the importance of learning Chinese,' you can say '我要阐述一下我的观点' (I want to elaborate on my viewpoint). This sounds much better than just saying '我要说我的观点.' Remember that '阐述' implies a logical structure—you aren't just talking; you are presenting your points one by one. It is a key word for moving from basic conversation to intermediate discussion.

At the B2 level, '阐述' becomes a standard part of your vocabulary. You are expected to use it in academic essays, business reports, and formal debates. You should understand that '阐述' is often modified by adverbs like '详细地' (in detail) or '系统地' (systematically). You should also be able to distinguish it from synonyms like '阐明' (to make clear) or '论述' (to discuss/argue). At this level, you should use '阐述' to introduce complex theories or multi-faceted arguments. It shows that you have the linguistic range to handle formal Chinese registers used in professional environments.

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For C1 learners, '阐述' is a fundamental verb for discourse analysis and high-level synthesis. You should use it to describe how authors or speakers develop their themes. You will encounter it in legal documents, philosophical texts, and high-level political speeches. You should be comfortable using the '对...进行阐述' construction, which is common in formal 'officialese.' At this level, you are not just using the word to explain your own ideas, but to critique and summarize how others have '阐述'ed their positions. You should also be aware of its nuances compared to '申述' (to state/explain in detail, often for a request or defense).

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At the C2 level, you have complete mastery over '阐述' and its various registers. You understand its etymological roots and how it fits into the broader landscape of Chinese formal rhetoric. You can use it to precisely delineate between the 'exposition' of a theory and the 'argumentation' of a thesis. In your own writing, you use '阐述' to provide authoritative, structured, and nuanced explanations of highly abstract concepts. You can also recognize its use in classical-style modern prose. For a C2 speaker, '阐述' is not just a verb, but a tool for intellectual precision, used to guide the reader through the most complex layers of thought.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

阐述 در ۳۰ ثانیه

A formal verb for explaining complex ideas or theories in a systematic and detailed way.
Commonly used in academic writing, business reports, and official speeches to show professionalism.
Focuses on the logical structure and clarity of the presentation rather than just the facts.
Pairs often with abstract nouns like 'viewpoint,' 'policy,' 'theory,' and 'reasoning.'

The word 阐述 (chǎnshù) is a cornerstone of formal Chinese communication, particularly in academic, professional, and political spheres. At its heart, it combines two distinct actions: chǎn (阐), which means to open up, clarify, or reveal, and shù (述), which means to narrate, state, or relate. Together, they form a verb that describes the act of laying out a complex idea or a logical argument in a systematic, thorough, and crystal-clear manner. Unlike the common word for 'explain' (解释), which often implies resolving a misunderstanding or giving a simple reason, 阐述 implies a high degree of organization and intellectual depth. It is the word you use when a professor explains a philosophical theory, when a CEO details a five-year strategic plan, or when a diplomat outlines a country's foreign policy position.

Formal Context: Used in written reports, thesis defenses, and official speeches to show professional rigor.
Systematic Detail: It suggests that the explanation follows a logical sequence, covering all necessary points from start to finish.
Subjective Depth: Often used when the subject matter is an abstract concept, a personal viewpoint, or a complex scientific principle.

他在会议上详细地阐述了公司未来的发展战略。(He elaborated in detail on the company's future development strategy during the meeting.)

When you use this word, you are signaling to your audience that you are not just 'talking' about something, but providing a structured 'exposition.' This word carries a weight of authority. If you are writing a HSK 5 or 6 essay, using 阐述 instead of 说 or 讲 will immediately elevate the register of your writing. It suggests that the speaker has mastery over the topic and is presenting it for serious consideration. In modern media, you will frequently hear it in phrases like '阐述立场' (to state one's position) or '阐述观点' (to elaborate on a viewpoint). The word is rarely used in casual settings like buying groceries or chatting with friends about a movie, where it would sound overly stiff and perhaps even pretentious.

Furthermore, the word is often paired with adverbs that emphasize clarity and depth, such as '深刻' (profoundly), '全面' (comprehensively), or '系统' (systematically). This highlights that the act of 阐述 is not a brief mention but a dedicated effort to ensure the listener or reader understands the 'why' and 'how' behind a statement. In academic papers, the 'Introduction' or 'Literature Review' sections are prime locations for this word, as researchers must 阐述 the background and significance of their work.

Grammatically, 阐述 (chǎnshù) functions as a transitive verb. Its most common structure is [Subject] + 阐述 + [Object], where the object is almost always an abstract noun such as a theory, a principle, a viewpoint, or a plan. It is frequently followed by the particle '了' (le) to indicate that the explanation has been completed or presented. Because of its formal nature, it is often modified by complex adverbial phrases that describe the manner of the explanation.

With Direct Objects: Common objects include: 观点 (viewpoint), 理论 (theory), 政策 (policy), 思想 (thought/ideology), and 理由 (reasons).
With Adverbs: Common modifiers: 详细地 (in detail), 充分地 (fully), 进一步 (further), 简要地 (briefly but clearly).

这篇文章阐述了环境保护的重要性。(This article expounds on the importance of environmental protection.)

One key syntactic feature of 阐述 is its ability to introduce a long, complex clause. For example, '作者在书中阐述了为什么经济改革是必要的' (The author explained in the book why economic reform is necessary). Here, the object is a whole 'why' clause. This demonstrates the verb's capacity to handle high-level logical complexity. In professional writing, you might see it in the passive voice using '被' (bèi), though this is less common than the active voice. More often, it appears in formal 'Subject-Verb-Object' constructions where the subject is a document, an author, or a speaker.

报告中阐述的原则得到了大家的认可。(The principles set forth in the report were recognized by everyone.)

In more advanced usage, 阐述 can be part of a serial verb construction or modified by a prepositional phrase indicating the medium of the explanation, such as '通过...阐述' (expound through...). For instance, '他通过一系列实验数据阐述了自己的发现' (He elaborated on his findings through a series of experimental data). This shows how the word bridges the gap between raw data and conceptual understanding. It is also common to see '对...进行阐述' (to carry out an exposition on...), which is a very formal way to turn the verb into a multi-word predicate, typical of bureaucratic or academic 'officialese' (公文体).

You are most likely to encounter 阐述 (chǎnshù) in environments where ideas are being formally exchanged. In the world of Chinese news and media, particularly on channels like CCTV or in newspapers like the People's Daily, the word is used to describe the official stances of the government. For example, '外交部发言人阐述了中方立场' (The Foreign Ministry spokesperson stated China's position). In this context, the word carries a sense of officiality and non-negotiable clarity.

In the Classroom: University lecturers use it when moving from a simple definition to a deep dive into a theory: '现在我们来阐述一下量子力学的基本原理' (Now let's elaborate on the basic principles of quantum mechanics).
In Business: During a pitch or a project post-mortem, a manager might say, '请你阐述一下这个设计的初衷' (Please explain the original intention behind this design).

他在TED演讲中生动地阐述了人工智能对未来的影响。(In his TED talk, he vividly elaborated on the impact of AI on the future.)

Another common place to see this word is in the instructions of high-level exams like the HSK 6 or the Gaokao (China's college entrance exam). Students might be asked to '阐述你的理由' (elaborate on your reasons) in a writing prompt. This signals that the graders are looking for a logical, well-supported argument rather than just a list of sentences. In literature, while less common than in non-fiction, an author might use 阐述 in a preface or afterword to explain the themes of their book to the readers.

法律专家正在电视上阐述这项新法律的细节。(Legal experts are currently on TV explaining the details of this new law.)

Finally, in the legal system, lawyers 阐述 their defense or prosecution arguments. Because legal matters require precision and the elimination of ambiguity, 阐述 is the preferred verb over more casual alternatives. It implies that every word has been chosen carefully to build a specific case. Whether it is in a courtroom, a boardroom, or a lecture hall, 阐述 is the word for 'explaining with purpose and structure.'

The most frequent mistake learners make with 阐述 (chǎnshù) is using it in informal or trivial contexts. Because it is a high-register word, using it to describe something simple can sound unintentionally funny or sarcastic. For example, you wouldn't '阐述' why you were late for a movie or '阐述' how to cook an egg unless you were doing so in a very formal, perhaps scientific, manner. In daily life, 解释 (jiěshì) or 说 (shuō) are much more appropriate.

Mistake: Over-Formality: Using 阐述 for personal excuses. (Correct: 解释一下为什么迟到; Incorrect: 阐述一下为什么迟到).
Mistake: Confusing with '说明' (shuōmíng): 说明 is for objective descriptions or instructions (like a manual). 阐述 is for subjective ideas or theories.

错误：他向妈妈阐述了想吃披萨的理由。(Wrong: He expounded to his mom the reasons for wanting pizza.)

Another common error is the object choice. 阐述 requires an object that actually needs elaboration. You cannot '阐述' a person or a physical object. You '阐述' the meaning of a person's actions or the function of an object. For instance, you don't '阐述电脑' (expound a computer), but you can '阐述电脑的工作原理' (expound the working principle of a computer). Learners often forget this nuance and treat it as a generic synonym for 'talk about.'

正确：他在论文中阐述了该实验的理论基础。(Correct: He expounded the theoretical basis of the experiment in his paper.)

Finally, watch out for the 'result' of the verb. Unlike 阐明 (chǎnmíng), which implies that the explanation was successful and the matter is now 'clear' (明), 阐述 focuses on the process of explaining. If you want to say 'I have made it clear,' you use 阐明. If you want to say 'I am currently detailing,' you use 阐述. Mixing these up can subtly change the meaning of your sentence from describing an action to describing an outcome.

To master 阐述 (chǎnshù), you must understand its relationship with other 'explanation' verbs in Chinese. The language has a rich set of synonyms, each with a specific flavor. Choosing the right one depends on the level of formality and the nature of the information being shared.

阐述 vs. 解释 (jiěshì): 解释 is general-purpose and can mean 'to translate,' 'to excuse,' or 'to explain.' 阐述 is strictly formal and systematic.
阐述 vs. 阐明 (chǎnmíng): 阐明 emphasizes the result (making it clear/明), while 阐述 emphasizes the narrative/description (述).
阐述 vs. 论述 (lùnshù): 论述 (to discuss/treatise) focuses on the argument and logic. 阐述 focuses on the presentation and detail.
阐述 vs. 说明 (shuōmíng): 说明 is objective (manuals, facts). 阐述 is often for abstract ideas or personal/official viewpoints.

比较：老师在阐述理论，而学生在解释误会。(Comparison: The teacher is expounding a theory, while the student is explaining a misunderstanding.)

In academic writing, 阐述 and 论述 are often interchangeable, but 论述 is slightly more scholarly as it implies a 'debate' or 'discourse' (论). If you are writing a technical manual, you should stick to 说明. If you are clarifying a point of confusion, 解释 is your best friend. In diplomatic language, 阐述 is the standard for declaring a country's policy. Knowing these differences allows you to navigate professional Chinese environments with the precision of a native speaker.

Lastly, consider 宣述 (xuānshù - to declare) or 陈述 (chénshù - to state/narrate facts). 陈述 is very common in legal contexts for 'stating the facts of a case' (陈述事实). While 阐述 adds a layer of 'clarifying/opening up' the meaning, 陈述 is more about the plain delivery of information. By choosing 阐述, you are implying that the topic is deep and requires your specific insight to be fully understood.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

In ancient times, '阐' was often used in religious or philosophical contexts to describe monks explaining sutras or scholars explaining Confucius.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /tʃʰan˨˩ ʂu˥˩/

US /tʃʰan˨˩ ʂu˥˩/

In Mandarin, there is no word stress like in English, but the fourth tone 'shù' often carries more emphasis due to its falling nature.

هم‌قافیه با

产 (chǎn) 展 (zhǎn) 术 (shù) 路 (lù) 步 (bù) 度 (dù) 赋 (fù) 物 (wù)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing 'chǎn' as first tone 'chān'.
Confusing 'shù' (述) with 'shù' (树 - tree) although they sound the same, the context is different.
Failing to aspirate the 'ch' sound.
Pronouncing 'shù' as 'sù' (missing the 'h').
Using a flat tone for both syllables.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 4/5

Common in newspapers and textbooks, easy to recognize but requires context for nuance.

نوشتن 5/5

Requires knowledge of formal collocations and abstract objects.

صحبت کردن 5/5

Rarely used in daily life; must be saved for presentations or formal talks.

گوش دادن 4/5

Common in news broadcasts and lectures.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

解释说明观点理由详细

بعداً یاد بگیرید

阐明论述内涵逻辑体系

پیشرفته

申述表述综述评述著述

گرامر لازم

Resultative Complements

阐述清楚 (Explain clearly).

Adverbial 'de' (地)

详细地阐述 (Elaborate in detail).

Object Clauses

阐述为什么... (Explain why...).

Passive Voice (被)

观点被充分阐述 (The viewpoint was fully elaborated).

Nominalization (进行...的阐述)

对问题进行阐述 (To carry out an exposition of the problem).

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

老师阐述了这个词的意思。

The teacher explained the meaning of this word.

Simple Subject + Verb + Object structure.

他阐述了他的想法。

He explained his idea.

Focus on the abstract object '想法'.

请阐述你的理由。

Please explain your reasons.

Imperative use with '请'.

他在书中阐述了观点。

He explained the viewpoint in the book.

Prepositional phrase '在书中' + Verb.

我要阐述一下这个计划。

I want to explain this plan a bit.

Use of '一下' to soften the formal tone.

她正在阐述她的故事。

She is explaining her story.

Present continuous with '正在'.

报告阐述了事实。

The report explained the facts.

Non-human subject '报告'.

他阐述得很清楚。

He explained very clearly.

Verb + complement of degree '得清楚'.

经理阐述了公司的新政策。

The manager elaborated on the company's new policy.

Formal business context.

这篇文章阐述了健康的秘诀。

This article expounds on the secrets of health.

Abstract object '秘诀'.

他向我们阐述了他的梦想。

He explained his dream to us.

Preposition '向' (to/towards) indicating the audience.

导演阐述了电影的主题。

The director explained the theme of the movie.

Context of artistic creation.

我们需要阐述一下工作的流程。

We need to explain the workflow.

Professional 'workflow' terminology.

他在演讲中阐述了环保理念。

He elaborated on environmental concepts in his speech.

Object '理念' (concept/philosophy).

请详细阐述你的建议。

Please elaborate on your suggestion in detail.

Adverb '详细' (detailed) modifying the verb.

科学家阐述了实验的结果。

The scientist explained the results of the experiment.

Scientific context.

论文的第一部分阐述了研究背景。

The first part of the thesis elaborates on the research background.

Academic structure '第一部分'.

发言人阐述了政府对该问题的立场。

The spokesperson stated the government's position on the issue.

Official term '立场' (position).

他用生动的例子阐述了深刻的道理。

He used vivid examples to expound profound truths.

Instrumental phrase '用...例子'.

我们需要进一步阐述这个项目的优势。

We need to further elaborate on the advantages of this project.

Adverb '进一步' (further).

作者在序言中阐述了写作动机。

The author explained the motivation for writing in the preface.

Literary context '序言' (preface).

请你阐述一下这个设计的核心理念。

Please elaborate on the core concept of this design.

Compound object '核心理念'.

他试图阐述人类文明的发展规律。

He attempted to expound the laws of development of human civilization.

High-level object '规律' (law/pattern).

会议旨在阐述合作的重要性。

The meeting aims to elaborate on the importance of cooperation.

Formal verb '旨在' (aim to).

该书系统地阐述了马克思主义的基本原理。

The book systematically expounds the basic principles of Marxism.

Adverb '系统地' (systematically).

报告充分阐述了加强法制建设的必要性。

The report fully elaborated on the necessity of strengthening the legal system.

Abstract noun phrase '必要性'.

他详细阐述了解决能源危机的具体方案。

He detailed a specific plan to solve the energy crisis.

Complex object '具体方案'.

这篇文章对教育改革的意义进行了阐述。

This article provides an exposition on the significance of education reform.

Structure '对...进行阐述'.

辩论者精准地阐述了自己的逻辑。

The debater precisely elaborated on their logic.

Adverb '精准地' (precisely).

请阐述该政策对中小企业的影响。

Please elaborate on the impact of this policy on small and medium-sized enterprises.

Analyzing '影响' (impact).

他阐述了全球化背景下的文化冲突。

He expounded on cultural conflicts in the context of globalization.

Sociological context.

这篇文章深刻地阐述了人性的复杂性。

This article profoundly expounds on the complexity of human nature.

Adverb '深刻地' (profoundly).

学者们在论坛上深入阐述了可持续发展的内涵。

Scholars at the forum elaborated deeply on the connotations of sustainable development.

Academic term '内涵' (connotation).

该文件详尽阐述了实施细则及奖惩措施。

The document elaborates in detail on implementation rules and reward/punishment measures.

Administrative vocabulary.

他不仅描述了现象，更阐述了其背后的社会根源。

He not only described the phenomenon but also expounded the social roots behind it.

Contrast '描述' (describe) vs '阐述' (expound).

本文试图就这一复杂的历史问题进行全面的阐述。

This paper attempts to provide a comprehensive exposition of this complex historical issue.

Formal phrase '就...进行...阐述'.

发言人再次阐述了维护地区和平的坚定立场。

The spokesperson once again stated the firm position on maintaining regional peace.

Diplomatic '坚定立场'.

他的理论阐述了经济周期与技术创新之间的关系。

His theory expounds the relationship between economic cycles and technological innovation.

Theoretical analysis.

请在答卷中阐述你对“公正”一词的理解。

Please elaborate on your understanding of the word 'justice' in your answer sheet.

Exam instruction style.

他以辩证的方法阐述了事物发展的两面性。

He expounded the duality of the development of things using a dialectical method.

Philosophical term '辩证' (dialectical).

该著作宏观地阐述了宇宙演化的宏伟历程。

The work macroscopically expounds the grand course of cosmic evolution.

High-level adverb '宏观地' (macroscopically).

他在演讲中精辟地阐述了古典文学的现代价值。

In his speech, he incisively expounded the modern value of classical literature.

Adverb '精辟地' (incisively/penetratingly).

宪法阐述了公民的基本权利与义务。

The constitution sets forth the basic rights and duties of citizens.

Legal foundational text.

作者通过对大量史料的考证，重新阐述了那段历史。

Through the verification of a large number of historical materials, the author re-expounded that period of history.

Complex structure involving research methodology.

这篇文章旨在阐述这种新型社会契约的合法性基础。

This article aims to expound the basis of legitimacy of this new social contract.

Political philosophy '合法性基础'.

他试图在文中阐述存在主义的本体论意义。

He attempts to expound the ontological significance of existentialism in the text.

Advanced philosophical vocabulary.

报告详尽阐述了宏观经济调控的必要手段。

The report elaborates in detail on the necessary means of macroeconomic regulation.

Economic policy terminology.

该理论深刻阐述了物质与意识的辩证统一关系。

The theory profoundly expounds the dialectical unified relationship between matter and consciousness.

Metaphysical/Marxist terminology.

مترادف‌ها

论述说明讲解描述

متضادها

概括隐瞒

ترکیب‌های رایج

详细阐述

系统阐述

阐述观点

阐述立场

进一步阐述

全面阐述

阐述理由

理论阐述

深刻阐述

简要阐述

عبارات رایج

阐述清楚

— To explain clearly enough for everyone to understand.

你必须把这个问题阐述清楚。

阐述详尽

— An explanation that is extremely thorough and leaves nothing out.

这份文件的阐述非常详尽。

阐述逻辑

— To explain the logical flow behind an idea.

他正在阐述这个算法的逻辑。

阐述得体

— To explain something in a way that is appropriate for the occasion.

他的演讲阐述得体，赢得了掌声。

阐述大意

— To explain the general idea or main point (contradictory but used for summaries).

请先阐述一下文章的大意。

阐述动机

— To explain the underlying reasons or motivations for an action.

他试图阐述自己辞职的动机。

阐述背景

— To explain the history or context surrounding a situation.

首先我们需要阐述一下历史背景。

阐述意义

— To explain why something is important or significant.

这篇文章阐述了这项发现的科学意义。

阐述原则

— To set forth the basic rules or guiding principles.

该章程阐述了协会的运作原则。

阐述不足

— An explanation that is insufficient or lacks depth.

你的论文对第二部分的阐述不足。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

阐述 vs 解释

Explain. General use vs. Formal systematic use.

阐述 vs 说明

Explain/Illustrate. Objective facts vs. Subjective theories.

阐述 vs 阐明

Clarify. Focus on process vs. Focus on result (making it clear).

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"言之有理"

— To speak with reason. Often used after someone '阐述' their points well.

他阐述的观点言之有理。

Neutral

"条理清晰"

— Organized and clear. Describes the quality of a good '阐述'.

他的阐述条理清晰，令人信服。

Formal

"深入浅出"

— To explain complex things in simple terms. The ideal way to '阐述'.

他深入浅出地阐述了量子物理。

Formal

"娓娓动听"

— To speak in a vivid and pleasant way. Used for a good spoken '阐述'.

她娓娓动听地阐述了她的旅行经历。

Literary

"开宗明义"

— To state the main point clearly right from the beginning.

文章开宗明义地阐述了核心思想。

Formal

"辞简意赅"

— Concise but comprehensive. A high-level way to '阐述'.

他的阐述辞简意赅，非常到位。

Formal

"振振有词"

— To speak with an air of being right (sometimes used negatively for excuses).

他振振有词地阐述着他的歪理。

Neutral/Negative

"直抒胸臆"

— To speak one's mind directly and clearly.

他在文中直抒胸臆，阐述了对自由的向往。

Literary

"微言大义"

— Subtle words with profound meaning. Used for classic philosophical '阐述'.

古人的论述往往微言大义。

Literary

"精辟透彻"

— Incisive and thorough. Describes an excellent '阐述'.

这篇评论阐述得精辟透彻。

Formal

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阐述 vs 阐释

Both start with '阐'.

'阐释' is specifically about 'interpretation' of a text or meaning, while '阐述' is about 'exposition' or 'presentation' of an idea.

他阐释了这首诗的深意。

阐述 vs 陈述

Both end with '述'.

'陈述' is a neutral stating of facts (like in court), while '阐述' adds a layer of depth and clarification.

证人陈述了案发经过。

阐述 vs 申述

Both are formal 'explaining' verbs.

'申述' is often used when one is making a plea, an appeal, or a detailed defense of a personal position.

他向法庭申述了自己的冤屈。

阐述 vs 综述

Both are used in academic writing.

'综述' means to 'summarize' or 'review' a variety of sources/opinions, while '阐述' is for one's own or a specific detailed explanation.

这篇论文是对该领域研究的综述。

阐述 vs 评述

Common in media.

'评述' combines 'commentary' (评) and 'narration' (述). '阐述' is just the explanation.

他对这场比赛进行了精彩的评述。

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

我想阐述一下我的想法。

I would like to elaborate on my thoughts.

作者阐述了...的理由。

The author explained the reasons for...

报告详细地阐述了...方案。

The report elaborated in detail on the... plan.

他向大家阐述了该理论的背景。

He explained the background of the theory to everyone.

本文旨在阐述...的内涵。

This article aims to expound the connotation of...

对...问题进行了深入的阐述。

An in-depth exposition was conducted on the problem of...

该著作精辟地阐述了...的辩证关系。

The work incisively expounds the dialectical relationship of...

他通过史料阐述了...的历史必然性。

Through historical materials, he expounded the historical necessity of...

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

阐述者 (chǎnshùzhě - expounder)

阐释 (chǎnshì - interpretation)

فعل‌ها

阐明 (chǎnmíng - to clarify)

阐发 (chǎnfā - to develop/elucidate)

صفت‌ها

阐述性的 (chǎnshùxìng de - expository)

مرتبط

叙述 (xùshù - narrate)

描述 (miáoshù - describe)

论述 (lùnshù - discuss)

口述 (kǒushù - dictate)

简述 (jiǎnshù - summarize)

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

High in formal written and spoken Chinese; low in casual conversation.

اشتباهات رایج

Using '阐述' for physical objects. → 阐述理论 (Expound a theory).
You can only '阐述' abstract concepts, not physical items like '阐述一本书'.
Using '阐述' in casual conversation. → 解释一下 (Explain a bit).
Saying '我来阐述为什么我没买菜' sounds very strange and overly dramatic.
Adding '关于' (about) unnecessarily. → 阐述观点。
'阐述' is a transitive verb; it takes the object directly without needing 'about'.
Confusing '阐述' with '说明'. → 阐述思想 (Expound a thought).
Use '说明' for instructions or objective facts, '阐述' for deeper ideas.
Mispronouncing 'shù' as 'sù'. → chǎnshù.
The 'sh' is a retroflex sound; 's' is dental. They are distinct in Mandarin.

نکات

Academic Writing

In your thesis, use '阐述' when introducing your research framework. It sounds authoritative.

Business Presentations

When presenting a slide, say '我来阐述一下这个图表的含义' (Let me elaborate on the meaning of this chart).

Avoid Prepositions

Don't say '阐述关于...'. Just say '阐述...' followed by the topic.

Process vs Result

Remember that '阐述' is the act of explaining, while '阐明' is the result of the explanation being understood.

Formal Tone

Use this word to show respect for your audience's intelligence in professional settings.

Pairing

Always keep '阐述' and '观点' (viewpoint) together in your mind as a fixed pair.

HSK Strategy

If an HSK writing prompt asks for your '看法' (opinion), start your response with '我想阐述一下我的看法'.

News Keywords

In political news, '阐述立场' is a high-frequency phrase you should recognize instantly.

Intellectualism

Using '阐述' correctly makes you sound like a 'wenhua ren' (a person of culture/education).

Gate & Road

Recall the 'Gate' (门) and 'Road' (辶) radicals to remember the characters for 'clarifying' and 'narrating'.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Imagine a gate (门) opening to reveal a hidden scroll (阐), and then a person walking along a road (辶) telling everyone what is on the scroll (述).

تداعی تصویری

A professor standing at a podium, slowly unfolding a long, detailed blueprint and pointing to each part with a laser pointer.

شبکه واژگان

阐述 (Expound) 观点 (Viewpoint) 理论 (Theory) 详细 (Detailed) 逻辑 (Logic) 清晰 (Clear) 正式 (Formal) 学术 (Academic)

چالش

Try to write three sentences using '阐述' to describe your favorite hobby, your career goals, and your opinion on climate change.

ریشه کلمه

The character 阐 (chǎn) originally meant to 'open a gate' or 'reveal,' composed of the 'gate' radical (门) and a phonetic component. 述 (shù) means to 'follow a path' or 'narrate,' originally related to following the teachings of ancestors. Combined, they mean to 'open up and follow through with a narrative.'

معنای اصلی: To reveal and narrate the hidden meanings of classical texts or principles.

Sino-Tibetan (Chinese)

بافت فرهنگی

It is a neutral, positive word. However, using it to '阐述' someone else's mistakes might sound overly critical or clinical.

In English, we often use 'elaborate' or 'expound.' 'Elaborate' is more common in business, while 'expound' is more academic. '阐述' covers both.

The '阐述' of the 'Chinese Dream' (中国梦) in official documents. Academic prefaces by famous scholars like Qian Zhongshu. Diplomatic white papers.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Academic Research

阐述研究方法
阐述理论框架
阐述实验数据
阐述学术价值

Business Meetings

阐述市场战略
阐述产品优势
阐述投资意向
阐述风险控制

Diplomacy/Politics

阐述中方立场
阐述政策主张
阐述合作共识
阐述国际形势

Legal/Official

阐述法律条文
阐述辩护理由
阐述合同细节
阐述申诉内容

Media/Journalism

阐述事件真相
阐述专家观点
阐述社会影响
阐述未来趋势

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"你能详细阐述一下你对这个问题的看法吗？"

"在今天的会议上，谁来负责阐述我们的新方案？"

"我想请你阐述一下你选择这份工作的理由。"

"这篇文章阐述的观点非常新颖，你读过吗？"

"你能为我们阐述一下这个软件的核心功能吗？"

موضوعات نگارش

请阐述你在过去一年中最大的成长和感悟。

阐述你对理想生活的定义，并解释为什么。

如果让你写一本书，你会阐述什么样的核心思想？

阐述你认为当前社会面临的最严峻的挑战及其原因。

阐述你学习汉语的初衷以及未来的应用计划。

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Usually no. It would sound too formal, like you are giving a lecture on the philosophy of lateness. Use '解释' instead.

No, it is very common in formal speeches, presentations, and news broadcasts.

'论述' (lùnshù) implies an argument or debate, while '阐述' (chǎnshù) focuses more on the detailed presentation of the idea itself.

No. You cannot expound a person. You can '阐述一个人的思想' (expound a person's thoughts).

Yes, the '阐' part suggests clarification, though '阐明' is stronger on the result of clarity.

'阐述观点' (expound a viewpoint) and '详细阐述' (elaborate in detail) are very common.

It is primarily a verb, but it can be nominalized in phrases like '进行阐述'.

You can use '简要阐述' or simply '简述'.

Yes, if you are explaining the theory or the logic behind the facts.

Usually just '阐述' followed by the object. '阐述于' is rare and means 'elaborated in [a place/book]'.

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