囊括 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- 囊括 is a formal verb meaning 'to include everything' or 'to sweep' all awards/medals.
- It comes from the imagery of putting everything into a sack (囊) and tying it shut (括).
- It is most commonly used in sports, news, and academic contexts to show total dominance or completeness.
- Unlike the neutral '包括' (including), 囊括 implies that the collection is exhaustive and nothing is left out.
The Chinese verb 囊括 (nángkuò) is a powerful, formal term that describes the act of including, incorporating, or sweeping up an entire range of items, honors, or categories. At its heart, the word carries a sense of total encompassment. When you use 囊括, you aren't just saying that something 'includes' a few parts; you are suggesting that it has gathered everything available within a certain scope, leaving nothing behind. It is often used in contexts where there is a sense of achievement, dominance, or comprehensive coverage.
- Literal Imagery
- The character 囊 (náng) refers to a bag, sack, or pocket, while 括 (kuò) means to tie up, enclose, or draw together. Imagine a large drawstring bag being pulled shut after every single item on the floor has been placed inside. That is the essence of 囊括—a complete, bundled collection where the boundaries are drawn tight around the totality of the contents.
In modern Chinese, you will most frequently encounter this word in news reports, sports commentary, and academic writing. It is the 'go-to' word when a single entity—be it an athlete, a movie, or a corporation—wins every possible award or captures every segment of a market. It implies a 'clean sweep.' For instance, if a film wins Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Actor, a journalist would say it '囊括了主要奖项' (nángkuòle zhǔyào jiǎngxiàng).
这次电影节，那部纪录片囊括了包括最佳导演在内的五项大奖。 (In this film festival, that documentary swept five major awards, including Best Director.)
Beyond competitive achievements, the word is also used in abstract or technical descriptions to indicate that a theory, a book, or a database covers every relevant aspect of a subject. If a comprehensive encyclopedia covers all known species of birds, it can be said to 囊括 all avian life. This usage highlights the 'completeness' and 'exhaustiveness' of the subject matter.
Historically, the term has a grander, even imperial connotation. In ancient texts, it was used to describe a ruler '囊括四海' (nángkuò sìhǎi)—incorporating the four seas, which meant unifying the entire known world under one rule. This historical weight gives the word a formal, sophisticated tone that makes it unsuitable for casual, everyday chatter (like saying your grocery bag '囊括' apples and oranges) but perfect for professional presentations and formal reporting.
- Tone and Register
- Formal, written (书面语). It conveys a sense of scale and authority. When a speaker uses 囊括, they are signaling that they are providing a comprehensive summary or describing a significant, all-encompassing event.
该公司的业务范围囊括了从原材料生产到终端销售的整个产业链。 (The company's scope of business covers the entire industrial chain from raw material production to terminal sales.)
Using 囊括 correctly requires understanding its grammatical behavior and its typical objects. Primarily, 囊括 acts as a transitive verb. Its objects are almost always plural or collective nouns representing a set of things—awards, medals, categories, regions, or knowledge points. You rarely use 囊括 with a single, specific item unless that item represents a totality.
- Syntactic Structure
- Subject + 囊括 + (了) + Object (usually a total set). Example: '中国队囊括了所有金牌' (The Chinese team swept all the gold medals).
One of the most common patterns is '囊括了...所有/全部...' (swept/included all...). Because 囊括 implies totality, adding '所有' (suǒyǒu - all) or '全部' (quánbù - entire) reinforces the meaning, though it can sometimes be redundant. However, in journalistic Chinese, this redundancy is often used for emphasis to highlight the magnitude of the sweep.
这本百科全书囊括了现代科学的各个领域。 (This encyclopedia incorporates every field of modern science.)
Another nuance is the placement of the aspect marker '了' (le). When describing a completed action—like a team that has already finished a competition and won everything—'了' is essential. If you are describing the scope of a book or a plan that currently 'includes' everything, you might omit '了' to describe a state rather than a completed action.
In formal writing, 囊括 is often paired with abstract nouns. For instance, a policy might '囊括了社会福利的各个方面' (encompassed all aspects of social welfare). Here, the word elevates the tone, suggesting that the policy is not just broad, but truly comprehensive and meticulously designed to leave no stone unturned.
- Common Collocations
- 囊括奖项 (sweep awards), 囊括金牌 (sweep gold medals), 囊括万象 (encompass all things), 囊括殆尽 (to sweep up everything until nothing is left).
他的收藏品囊括了从商代到清代的各种古玩。 (His collection incorporates various antiques ranging from the Shang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty.)
Finally, pay attention to the subject. The subject of 囊括 can be a person/group (the 'sweeper') or a thing like a book/theory (the 'container'). If a person is the subject, it implies active achievement. If a thing is the subject, it implies structural breadth. Understanding this distinction helps you choose the right context for the word.
You are most likely to hear 囊括 in environments where 'completeness' or 'total victory' is being celebrated or analyzed. It is not a word of the streets, but rather a word of the screen, the podium, and the printed page. If you are watching Chinese news or reading a high-end magazine, 囊括 will appear frequently.
- 1. Sports News & Commentary
- This is arguably the most common modern usage. When a national team wins every gold medal in a specific sport (like table tennis or diving), the headline will almost always use 囊括. It conveys a sense of national pride and absolute dominance that '赢得' (yíngdé - to win) simply doesn't capture.
Imagine a sports anchor shouting: '中国队再次囊括了乒乓球项目的全部金牌!' This sentence doesn't just report the news; it celebrates the total control the team had over the competition. The word highlights the 'clean sweep' aspect, which is a major narrative in sports reporting.
在上一届奥运会中，该选手囊括了游泳比赛中所有的个人金牌。 (In the last Olympics, this athlete swept all the individual gold medals in the swimming competitions.)
- 2. Award Ceremonies and Entertainment News
- When a movie like 'Oppenheimer' or 'Everything Everywhere All At Once' wins across multiple categories (Best Picture, Director, Screenplay, etc.), Chinese media will describe this as '囊括多项大奖'. It frames the success as an all-encompassing triumph.
- 3. Academic and Corporate Reports
- In a business prospectus or a scientific review, 囊括 is used to show the breadth of research or market reach. A company might claim their new software '囊括了用户可能遇到的所有问题' (incorporates all problems a user might encounter), suggesting their solution is the only one needed.
这份报告囊括了过去十年来该行业的所有重大变革。 (This report incorporates all major changes in the industry over the past decade.)
In summary, if you hear 囊括, you are listening to someone speak about a 'big picture'—a total win, a complete set, or an exhaustive study. It is a word of magnitude and finality.
Because 囊括 (nángkuò) is a high-level vocabulary word, learners often struggle with its register and the specific constraints of its objects. The most common mistake is treating it as a direct synonym for '包括' (bāokuò - to include) in casual conversation.
- Mistake 1: Overuse in Casual Contexts
- If you say '我的书包里囊括了课本和笔' (My backpack incorporates textbooks and pens), it sounds unnaturally grand, almost as if your backpack is a legendary artifact performing a world-ending sweep. In daily life, always use '包括' or '有'. Reserve '囊括' for significant totals.
Another common error involves the 'completeness' of the object. Since the '囊' in 囊括 implies a bag that is being tied shut, the object must represent a whole set. You cannot '囊括' just one part of a whole unless that part is itself a collection.
Incorrect: 他囊括了一个奖。 (He swept one award.)
Correct: 他囊括了所有奖项。 (He swept all the awards.)
- Mistake 2: Confusing with '包揽' (bāolǎn)
- '包揽' also means to take on everything or sweep awards, but it has a more 'active' and sometimes 'monopolizing' feel. '包揽' is often used for tasks or responsibilities (e.g., 包揽家务 - to do all the housework). '囊括' is more about the scope of inclusion or the result of a competition. You '囊括' medals, but you '包揽' the work.
Learners also sometimes forget that 囊括 is a verb, not an adjective. You shouldn't say '他的知识很囊括'. Instead, say '他的知识囊括了各个领域' (His knowledge encompasses various fields). The word describes the action of containing or the result of gathering, not a static quality of being 'inclusive'.
- Mistake 3: Logical Redundancy
- While '囊括了全部' is acceptable for emphasis, using it with limited numbers without a 'total' context can be confusing. For example, '囊括了两个苹果' is strange unless there were only two apples to begin with and you took them both. The word naturally seeks the 'all' (所有, 全部).
错误：这本书囊括了一些故事。 (Wrong: This book 'swept' some stories.)
正确：这本书囊括了该作者一生的所有作品。 (Right: This book incorporates all the works of the author's life.)
To master 囊括, you must understand how it sits within a family of words that all mean 'to include' or 'to contain.' Each has a specific nuance that changes the flavor of your sentence.
- 1. 包括 (bāokuò) vs. 囊括 (nángkuò)
- 包括 is the neutral, general-purpose word for 'to include.' It can be used for parts of a whole (e.g., 'Price includes tax'). 囊括 is formal and implies 'everything.' You use 囊括 when you want to emphasize that the inclusion is total and exhaustive.
- 2. 涵盖 (hángài)
- 涵盖 is often used for abstract concepts like 'coverage.' It's like a 'canopy' (盖 - cover) that spreads over a topic. You might say a policy '涵盖' all citizens. It is similar to 囊括 but feels more like 'covering a surface' rather than 'putting items into a bag.' 涵盖 is very common in academic and legal contexts.
保险范围涵盖了意外伤害。 (The insurance scope covers accidental injuries.)
他囊括了所有的奖牌。 (He swept all the medals.)
- 3. 包揽 (bāolǎn)
- 包揽 implies taking everything for oneself, often with an active effort. It is frequently used for awards (like 囊括) but also for responsibilities. You '包揽家务' (take on all housework), but you wouldn't '囊括家务' because housework isn't a collection of items you 'sweep' into a bag; it's a task you undertake.
- 4. 包含 (bāohán)
- 包含 suggests that something is 'contained within' or 'inherent to.' It is often used for emotions or meanings. For example, '这句话包含着深刻的道理' (This sentence contains deep wisdom). 囊括 is too 'physical' and 'sweeping' for this kind of abstract containment.
By choosing 囊括 over these other options, you are intentionally adding a layer of 'totality' and 'grandeur' to your description. It shows that you aren't just listing components; you are identifying a complete, unified whole.
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
The character 囊 (náng) is one of the most complex common characters in Chinese, with 22 strokes. It visually represents a bag filled with items!
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing 'nang' as 'nan' (missing the 'g').
- Pronouncing 'kuo' with a flat tone instead of the falling fourth tone.
سطح دشواری
The character '囊' is complex to recognize, and the word is formal.
Requires knowledge of 22-stroke '囊' and formal sentence structures.
Useful for formal presentations, but rare in daily speech.
Common in news broadcasts.
بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟
پیشنیازها
بعداً یاد بگیرید
پیشرفته
گرامر لازم
The aspect marker '了' with resultative verbs.
他囊括了所有的奖项。
Using '所有' or '全部' for emphasis with collective verbs.
囊括了全部内容。
Transitive verb objects: Collective vs. Singular.
囊括(奖项) vs. 赢得(一个奖项).
From... to... structure (从...到...).
囊括了从基础到高级的所有课程。
Passive voice with '被'.
所有金牌都被中国队囊括了。
مثالها بر اساس سطح
他囊括了所有的玩具。
He swept up all the toys.
Simple Subject + Verb + Object structure.
这本书囊括了所有的图片。
This book includes all the pictures.
Using '囊括' to show a complete collection.
他们囊括了全部金牌。
They swept all the gold medals.
Focus on '全部' (all) to show totality.
这盒糖囊括了各种颜色。
This box of candy includes all kinds of colors.
'各种' (all kinds) is a common partner for '囊括'.
他囊括了第一名。
He took all the first-place honors.
Even though '第一名' is singular, it implies a sweep of honors.
这个书包囊括了我的书。
This backpack includes my books.
Very simple usage for learning the 'bag' metaphor.
我们囊括了所有的奖。
We swept all the awards.
'所有' (all) emphasizes the sweep.
这幅画囊括了春天。
This painting captures all of spring.
Metaphorical use for A1: the painting 'contains' the whole season.
中国队囊括了乒乓球比赛的所有金牌。
The Chinese team swept all the gold medals in the table tennis competition.
A classic sports news sentence.
这份菜单囊括了中国各地的美食。
This menu includes delicacies from all over China.
'各地' (all places) shows the wide scope.
他的手机囊括了各种实用的功能。
His phone incorporates various practical functions.
Using '囊括' for technology features.
这本字典囊括了三万个汉字。
This dictionary incorporates thirty thousand Chinese characters.
Focus on a large, specific number representing a set.
这部电影囊括了去年的好几个大奖。
This movie swept several major awards last year.
'好几个' (several) here refers to a significant set of awards.
这个公园囊括了湖泊、森林和花园。
This park incorporates lakes, forests, and gardens.
Listing components that make up a whole.
这次展览囊括了他的所有作品。
This exhibition incorporates all of his works.
'所有作品' is a very common object for '囊括'.
这个课程囊括了初级到高级的内容。
This course incorporates content from beginner to advanced levels.
'从...到...' structure used with '囊括'.
该项研究囊括了来自世界各地的样本。
The study incorporated samples from all over the world.
More formal subject '该项研究' (this study).
这本诗集囊括了唐代最著名的诗作。
This poetry collection incorporates the most famous poems from the Tang Dynasty.
'最著名的' narrows the set but '囊括' shows it's complete.
他的演讲囊括了经济、政治和文化等多个方面。
His speech encompassed multiple aspects including economics, politics, and culture.
Using '等多个方面' (and other aspects) to show breadth.
这家超市囊括了日常生活中所需的所有商品。
This supermarket incorporates all the goods needed in daily life.
Focus on '日常生活中所需' (needed in daily life) as a set.
那位歌手囊括了年度最佳男歌手和最佳专辑奖。
That singer swept the Best Male Singer of the Year and Best Album awards.
Specific major awards as the object.
这种新型材料囊括了硬度高和重量轻的双重优点。
This new material incorporates the dual advantages of high hardness and light weight.
'双重优点' (dual advantages) as a complete set of benefits.
我们的计划囊括了从设计到生产的所有环节。
Our plan incorporates all links from design to production.
'所有环节' (all links/stages) is a common collocation.
这篇文章囊括了作者对这一问题的深刻见解。
This article incorporates the author's profound insights into this issue.
'深刻见解' (profound insights) as an abstract object.
该市的博物馆囊括了该地区数千年的历史文物。
The city's museum incorporates historical relics from the region spanning thousands of years.
'数千年' adds a temporal dimension to the scope.
这一理论囊括了物理学中的几个基本定律。
This theory encompasses several fundamental laws of physics.
'基本定律' (fundamental laws) as the set.
在昨晚的颁奖礼上，那部科幻片囊括了技术类所有奖项。
At last night's awards ceremony, that sci-fi film swept all the technical awards.
'技术类' (technical category) defines the scope.
这套丛书囊括了世界文学史上的经典之作。
This series of books incorporates the classic works in the history of world literature.
'经典之作' (classic works) as the collective object.
该软件的功能囊括了数据分析、报表生成和云端存储。
The software's functions incorporate data analysis, report generation, and cloud storage.
Listing technical features as a comprehensive suite.
他的收藏不仅数量多，而且囊括了各个时期的珍品。
His collection is not only large in quantity but also incorporates treasures from various periods.
'各个时期的珍品' (treasures of various periods) shows depth.
这份合同囊括了双方在合作中可能遇到的所有风险。
This contract incorporates all risks that both parties might encounter during the cooperation.
'所有风险' is a common object in formal business contexts.
中国跳水队在世锦赛上再次囊括了全部八枚金牌。
The Chinese diving team once again swept all eight gold medals at the World Championships.
Using a specific number '八枚' to show a total sweep.
这部宏大的史诗囊括了那个动荡时代的方方面面。
This grand epic encompasses every aspect of that turbulent era.
'方方面面' (every aspect) is a high-level phrase for totality.
该法案的修订囊括了公民权利保护的最新法律实践。
The revision of the bill incorporates the latest legal practices in the protection of civil rights.
'最新法律实践' as a sophisticated, abstract object.
他的学术生涯囊括了从基础理论研究到应用技术开发的跨越。
His academic career encompasses the span from basic theoretical research to applied technology development.
'跨越' (span/leap) as the object of '囊括'.
这本评论集囊括了当代文学批评界最具影响力的声音。
This collection of reviews incorporates the most influential voices in contemporary literary criticism.
'最具影响力的声音' is a metaphorical collective noun.
该城市的城市规划囊括了生态保护与经济发展的双重目标。
The city's urban planning incorporates the dual goals of ecological protection and economic development.
'双重目标' (dual goals) as a comprehensive set.
其设计理念囊括了东方美学与现代简约风格的完美融合。
Its design philosophy incorporates a perfect fusion of Eastern aesthetics and modern minimalist style.
'完美融合' (perfect fusion) as the abstract object.
这篇文章的思想深度囊括了人类对宇宙和生命的终极追问。
The intellectual depth of this article encompasses humanity's ultimate inquiries into the universe and life.
Extremely abstract and philosophical usage.
此次改革的范围之广，几乎囊括了所有行政职能部门。
The scope of this reform is so broad that it incorporates almost all administrative functional departments.
'范围之广' sets the stage for '囊括'.
秦始皇扫灭六国，囊括四海，建立了一个大一统的帝国。
The First Emperor of Qin wiped out the six states, unified the whole world, and established a unified empire.
Using the classical idiom '囊括四海' (unifying the four seas).
这套全集囊括了该思想家毕生的手稿、书信及未发表的论文。
This complete collection incorporates the thinker's lifelong manuscripts, letters, and unpublished papers.
Listing very specific types of intellectual output.
在全球化的语境下，该研究囊括了多元文化交织下的社会变迁。
In the context of globalization, the study encompasses social changes under the intertwining of diverse cultures.
Highly academic and abstract terminology.
他的艺术创作囊括了从古典主义到后现代主义的多种表现手法。
His artistic creation incorporates various expressive techniques from Classicism to Post-modernism.
'多种表现手法' (various expressive techniques) as the set.
这份战略规划囊括了未来十年可能出现的各种地缘政治变量。
This strategic plan incorporates various geopolitical variables that might emerge over the next decade.
'地缘政治变量' (geopolitical variables) as a sophisticated object.
该文学奖项的评选范围囊括了所有以华文创作为媒介的优秀作品。
The selection scope of this literary award incorporates all excellent works created with Chinese as the medium.
'以...为媒介' (using... as a medium) structure.
这种哲学体系试图囊括人类经验的所有维度，从感官知觉到理性思辨。
This philosophical system attempts to encompass all dimensions of human experience, from sensory perception to rational speculation.
'所有维度' (all dimensions) used for total philosophical scope.
这部电影的叙事结构宏大，囊括了家族兴衰与民族命运的交织。
The narrative structure of this film is grand, encompassing the intertwining of a family's rise and fall with the destiny of a nation.
Metaphorical 'intertwining' as the object.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— Swept all / included everything.
这次比赛他囊括了所有第一名。
— Almost included everything / nearly swept.
这个名单几乎囊括了所有专家。
— Includes everything without exception.
他的知识面极广，无所不囊括。
— Included the main parts.
报告囊括了主要的研究成果。
— To be included within the scope.
这些条款也被囊括在内。
— Includes various types.
展览囊括了各种艺术流派。
— Includes the entire...
该项目囊括了整个城市。
— Includes all previous sessions/years.
画册囊括了历届冠军的照片。
— Includes everything from X to Y.
内容囊括了从古代到现代的历史。
— Includes both domestic and international.
研究囊括了国内外相关的文献。
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
General 'include'; can be partial. '囊括' is total.
To contain abstract elements/meaning. '囊括' is more about gathering items.
To cover a scope or area. '囊括' is more about the items inside the scope.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— To include the four seas; meaning to unify or dominate the entire world.
秦始皇有囊括四海之志。
Literary/Historical— To include everything in the universe; all-encompassing. Similar to 囊括 but used as an adjective-like phrase.
这个博物馆的藏品包罗万象。
Common Idiom— To catch everything in one net; to round up the whole gang at once.
警察将犯罪团伙一网打尽。
Informal/Action— Nothing is not included; all-inclusive.
他的研究无所不包。
Formal— To sweep across and flatten the world; total conquest.
将军发誓要扫平天下。
Historical— To roll up the world like a mat; total dominance.
这种新文化席卷天下。
Literary— To swallow the eight directions; total unification.
秦国最终并吞八荒。
Historical— To collect everything until nothing is left.
珍贵书籍已被他收罗殆尽。
Formal— To incorporate things of different nature.
我们要兼收并蓄，吸收外来文化。
Formal— To have everything that one should have; complete.
超市里的商品应有尽有。
Common Phraseبهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Both involve 'taking all.'
'包揽' focuses on the act of taking/monopolizing (often tasks/work). '囊括' focuses on the scope of inclusion or the result of a sweep.
他包揽了家务 (He did all housework). 他囊括了金牌 (He swept the gold medals).
Both involve grouping things.
'统括' is more about summarizing or unifying concepts. '囊括' is about including all specific items.
统括而言 (In summary...).
Both involve a 'whole' view.
'概括' means to summarize or generalize. '囊括' means to physically or logically include everything.
请概括文章大意 (Please summarize the main idea).
Both mean 'to cover.'
'涵盖' is like a lid or a blanket covering a surface. '囊括' is like a bag holding items.
保险涵盖了意外 (Insurance covers accidents).
Both relate to a total.
'总括' is usually used as 'to sum up' at the end of a speech.
总括以上几点 (To sum up the points above).
الگوهای جملهسازی
Subject + 囊括了 + (Category) + 的所有 + (Object)
这家书店囊括了该作者的所有作品。
Subject + 囊括了 + 从 A 到 B 的 + 全部 + (Object)
课程囊括了从理论到实践的全部内容。
...，几乎囊括了...
这次会议，几乎囊括了国内所有的顶尖专家。
Subject + 的范围之广，囊括了...
该政策的影响范围之广，囊括了所有中小型企业。
Subject + 囊括 + (Idiomatic Object like 四海/万象)
他的收藏囊括万象，令人叹为观止。
(Object) + 被 + Subject + 囊括
所有的奖牌都被那位选手囊括了。
Subject + 试图/旨在 + 囊括...
这套法律体系旨在囊括所有可能的民事纠纷。
无所不囊括
他的研究领域极广，几乎无所不囊括。
خانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
صفتها
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
Common in news and formal writing; rare in casual speech.
-
Using '囊括' for a single item.
→
他囊括了所有金牌。
'囊括' implies a sweep of a set. You cannot 'sweep' just one item unless it's the only one in existence and you are emphasizing totality.
-
Using '囊括' in very casual speech.
→
我的书包里有书。
'囊括' is too formal for daily objects like backpacks and snacks. Use '有' or '包括'.
-
Treating '囊括' as an adjective.
→
他的知识面囊括了各个领域。
'囊括' is a verb. You cannot say '他的知识很囊括'. Use it to show the action of inclusion.
-
Confusing '囊括' with '概括'.
→
他概括了文章的内容。
'概括' (gàikuò) means to summarize. '囊括' means to include all items. They look similar but have different meanings.
-
Writing '囊' incorrectly.
→
(Proper stroke order for 囊)
Learners often miss the small strokes in the middle of '囊'. It has 22 strokes and requires careful attention.
نکات
Master the Stroke Order
Since '囊' is so complex, practice writing it by breaking it into three sections: the top (hat), the middle (the stuff inside), and the bottom (the bag's base).
Pair with '所有'
To sound like a professional journalist, pair '囊括' with '所有' (all) or '全部' (entire). This redundancy is common in high-level Chinese for emphasis.
Check the Scale
Before using '囊括', ask yourself: 'Is this a total sweep?' If you are only including some things, use '包括' instead.
Sports Context
If you are watching the Olympics or World Cup, keep an ear out for this word. It's the most likely place you'll hear it spoken aloud.
The Drawstring Bag
Always visualize the drawstring bag. This will help you remember that the word is about 'pulling everything together' into one unit.
Elevate Your Register
Use '囊括' in the HSK 5/6 essays to impress examiners with your command of formal written Chinese (书面语).
Avoid Casual Misuse
Don't use '囊括' for simple things like 'My sandwich includes ham.' It makes the sandwich sound like a world-conquering entity!
Headline Recognition
In Chinese newspapers, '囊括' is often used in 4-5 character headlines like '中国队囊括五金' (Chinese team sweeps five golds).
Compare with 涵盖
Use '涵盖' for policies and '囊括' for physical items or awards. This distinction shows high-level fluency.
Tone Accuracy
Make sure the fourth tone on 'kuò' is sharp and clear. A weak tone can make the word sound like 'kuo' (broad), which is different.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
NANG looks like a big BAG (囊). KUO looks like a hand CLOSING (括) it. You put EVERYTHING in the bag and close it!
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a giant drawstring bag being pulled shut over a pile of gold medals.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to write a sentence about your favorite movie sweeping the Oscars using '囊括'.
ریشه کلمه
The word comes from the combination of '囊' (náng, a sack) and '括' (kuò, to tie up). It dates back to ancient texts describing the unification of China.
معنای اصلی: To put something into a sack and tie the drawstring; metaphorically to unify territory.
Sino-Tibetan (Chinese)بافت فرهنگی
No specific sensitivities; it is a positive or neutral word of achievement and scope.
In English, we use 'sweep' or 'clean sweep' for sports, and 'comprehensive' for books. '囊括' covers both.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
Sports News
- 囊括所有金牌
- 再次囊括
- 包揽并囊括
Academic Writing
- 囊括了各个方面
- 囊括了主要理论
- 囊括了样本数据
Business Reports
- 囊括了市场份额
- 囊括了用户需求
- 囊括了产业链
Literary Criticism
- 囊括了时代精神
- 囊括了人性的复杂
- 囊括了作者的思考
Legal/Policy
- 囊括了相关条款
- 囊括了所有细节
- 囊括了公民权益
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"你觉得哪部电影最有可能囊括今年的奥斯卡奖？"
"中国队在奥运会上囊括金牌的表现让你印象最深的是哪一次？"
"如果你要写一本百科全书，你会囊括哪些内容？"
"这个新产品的宣传册囊括了所有的使用说明吗？"
"这家餐厅的菜单囊括了你们家乡的所有特色菜吗？"
موضوعات نگارش
写一段关于你最喜欢的运动员囊括所有奖项的经历。
描述一本你读过的囊括了许多知识的好书。
如果你的生活可以被囊括进一个小盒子里，里面会有什么？
讨论一下一个公司囊括整个市场份额的利与弊。
写一封正式的推荐信，说明该候选人的技能囊括了职位要求的所有方面。
سوالات متداول
10 سوالOnly if you are being very formal or slightly humorous. For example, '我的朋友圈囊括了各行各业的人' (My circle of friends incorporates people from all walks of life). In a normal chat, just say '我的朋友里有...'.
No, but it's very common for winning. It can also describe a book containing all information or a policy covering all people. The core meaning is 'exhaustive inclusion.'
It has 22 strokes. Start with the top part (a bit like 'high' 高), then the middle part with many horizontal lines and boxes, and finally the bottom part. It's one of the hardest characters, so practice is key!
'席卷' (xíjuǎn) means to roll up like a mat, often describing a sudden, powerful movement like a storm or a trend. '囊括' is more about the result of inclusion and completeness.
Yes, but it's rare. You could say '这种疾病囊括了所有年龄段的人' (This disease incorporates all age groups), though '涵盖' or '波及' might be more common for negative impacts.
Not always. Use '了' when describing a completed action (like a sports result). Omit it when describing a permanent state (like what a book includes).
Usually no. '囊括' implies a set or a total. If you only won one thing, use '赢得' or '获得'.
Yes, it was used to describe the unification of the 'Four Seas' (China) by strong rulers.
Because it sounds dramatic and emphasizes the complete dominance of a team. It's more exciting than just saying 'they won.'
Absolutely! It's a very professional word to describe market share or the comprehensive features of a product.
خودت رو بسنج 180 سوال
Write a sentence using '囊括' to describe a successful movie at an awards show.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
This shows correct usage with a set of awards.
This shows correct usage with a set of awards.
Use '囊括' to describe a book that has all the information about a city.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Shows usage for a comprehensive informational source.
Shows usage for a comprehensive informational source.
Translate: 'The Chinese team swept all the gold medals.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Standard translation for this common phrase.
Standard translation for this common phrase.
Write a formal sentence about a company's market dominance using '囊括'.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Formal usage in a business context.
Formal usage in a business context.
Describe a student who won every prize in school using '囊括'.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Shows usage for personal academic achievement.
Shows usage for personal academic achievement.
Use '囊括' in a sentence about an all-inclusive scientific theory.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Academic usage regarding a theory's scope.
Academic usage regarding a theory's scope.
Write a sentence using the phrase '囊括其中'.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Shows the passive/inclusive pattern.
Shows the passive/inclusive pattern.
Describe a museum's collection using '囊括'.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Shows usage for a historical collection.
Shows usage for a historical collection.
Translate: 'This contract incorporates all possible risks.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Usage in a legal/formal document context.
Usage in a legal/formal document context.
Use '囊括' to describe a person's diverse skill set.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Shows usage for a set of skills.
Shows usage for a set of skills.
Describe a time you or someone you know 'swept' a competition using '囊括'.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Practice using the word in a personal narrative.
Explain the difference between '包括' and '囊括' in your own words.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Testing conceptual understanding.
Talk about a book or movie that you think 'encompasses everything' about a certain topic.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Abstract usage practice.
Imagine you are a news anchor reporting on the Olympics. Use '囊括' in your report.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Contextual roleplay.
If you were making a 'best of' album, what would it '囊括'?
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Creative usage.
Listen to the sentence: '该项目囊括了城市规划的所有核心要素。' What does the project include?
Listening for the object.
Listen to the sentence: '他在去年的颁奖礼上囊括了三项大奖。' How many awards did he win?
Listening for numbers.
Listen to the sentence: '这个数据库囊括了全球的气候数据。' What kind of data is in the database?
Listening for subject matter.
Listen to the sentence: '这次改革囊括了所有的行政部门。' Which departments are affected?
Listening for scope.
Listen to the sentence: '他的收藏囊括了各种罕见的邮票。' What does he collect?
Listening for the object.
Discuss the rhetorical effect of using '囊括' instead of '包括' in a news report.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Focusing on register and impact.
Focusing on register and impact.
Write a paragraph about the 'Belt and Road Initiative' using '囊括'.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
High-level political/economic usage.
High-level political/economic usage.
Use '囊括' to describe the breadth of a comprehensive legal system.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Formal legal context.
Formal legal context.
Translate: 'The documentary encompasses the complexities of modern urban life.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Abstract and sophisticated translation.
Abstract and sophisticated translation.
Describe a technological innovation that '囊括' many previous features.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Tech-focused usage.
Tech-focused usage.
Debate whether it is better for a company to '囊括' a whole market or have competition.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Critical thinking and formal speech.
Describe a historical figure who '囊括' many achievements.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Applying to historical contexts.
If you were to write a memoir, what key life events would it '囊括'?
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Personal application at a high level.
Discuss how a single word like '囊括' can change the tone of a sentence.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Linguistic analysis.
Use '囊括' to describe a global challenge like climate change.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Global issues usage.
Listen: '此次展览囊括了该流派从兴起到衰落的全过程。' What does the exhibition cover?
Temporal scope.
Listen: '该学说囊括了对宇宙起源的多种假说。' What does the theory include?
Scientific scope.
Listen: '他的才华不仅限于音乐，还囊括了文学与哲学。' What are his other talents?
Expanding scope.
Listen: '这份战略地图囊括了未来五年的发展蓝图。' What time period is covered?
Future scope.
Listen: '该法案的保护范围囊括了所有少数群体。' Who is protected?
Social/Legal scope.
Write: 'He took all.' (using 囊括)
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Simple A1 structure.
Simple A1 structure.
Write: 'The team won all medals.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Simple sports usage.
Simple sports usage.
Write: 'The book has all the pictures.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Book inclusion.
Book inclusion.
Write: 'He swept the awards.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Standard B2 usage.
Standard B2 usage.
Write: 'The policy covers all aspects.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Formal C1 usage.
Formal C1 usage.
Say '囊括' three times.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Pronunciation practice.
Say 'They won all' using 囊括.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Simple sentence practice.
Say 'This book has everything.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Book context practice.
Say 'The film swept the awards.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Award context practice.
Describe a 'clean sweep' in your own words.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Conceptual practice.
Listen: '囊括'. What does it mean?
Basic recognition.
Listen: '囊括金牌'. What happened?
Context recognition.
Listen: '囊括了所有图片'. What is full of pictures?
Detail recognition.
Listen: '囊括了各个领域'. How broad is it?
Scope recognition.
Listen: '囊括四海'. What is the feeling?
Tone recognition.
/ 180 درست
نمره کامل!
Summary
Use 囊括 (nángkuò) when you want to describe a 'clean sweep' or a truly comprehensive set. For example: '中国队囊括了所有金牌' (The Chinese team swept all the gold medals).
- 囊括 is a formal verb meaning 'to include everything' or 'to sweep' all awards/medals.
- It comes from the imagery of putting everything into a sack (囊) and tying it shut (括).
- It is most commonly used in sports, news, and academic contexts to show total dominance or completeness.
- Unlike the neutral '包括' (including), 囊括 implies that the collection is exhaustive and nothing is left out.
Master the Stroke Order
Since '囊' is so complex, practice writing it by breaking it into three sections: the top (hat), the middle (the stuff inside), and the bottom (the bag's base).
Pair with '所有'
To sound like a professional journalist, pair '囊括' with '所有' (all) or '全部' (entire). This redundancy is common in high-level Chinese for emphasis.
Check the Scale
Before using '囊括', ask yourself: 'Is this a total sweep?' If you are only including some things, use '包括' instead.
Sports Context
If you are watching the Olympics or World Cup, keep an ear out for this word. It's the most likely place you'll hear it spoken aloud.
مثال
这本百科全书囊括了所有重要的科学发现。
محتوای مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر academic
缺席
B1غایب بودن از مکانی یا رویدادی که انتظار حضور شما در آن میرود.
抽象的
A2چیزی که وجود خارجی ندارد و فقط در ذهن است.
抽象地
B1In an abstract manner; conceptually.
艰深
B1Profound; abstruse; recondite.
学术性
A2Academic; scholarly; relating to education and scholarship.
学术化
B1آکادمیکسازی: فرآیند تبدیل چیزی به یک موضوع علمی یا دانشگاهی.
学术会议
A2Academic conference; a formal meeting for academic discussions.
学术交流
B1Exchange of ideas, information, and research among scholars.
学术期刊
B1مجله آکادمیک یک نشریه دورهای است که حاوی مقالات علمی است.
教务处
A2Academic affairs office; department handling educational administration.
