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B1 noun #2,000 پرکاربردترین 5 دقیقه مطالعه

大纲

dagang رتبه 2,000

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 大纲 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 大纲 in your Level:

At the A1 level, think of '大纲' (dàgāng) as a 'big plan'. It is a list of the most important things you will do. For example, if you have a class, the teacher gives you a paper. This paper says what you will learn in Week 1, Week 2, and Week 3. This paper is the '大纲'. It is not the whole book; it is just the main parts. You can say 'This is my plan' (这是我的大纲). It helps you know what is coming next. It is like a small map for your work.

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At the A2 level, '大纲' refers to a structured list of main points. When you write a story or a short report, you should first write the '大纲'. This means you write down the title and the three main things you want to say. In school, you might hear the teacher say, 'Please look at the syllabus' (请看大纲). Here, '大纲' is the official plan for the course. It tells you what topics will be covered and when the exams are. It is more formal than a simple 'plan' (计划).

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At the B1 level, '大纲' is defined as a general plan or summary that provides the main points without the specific details. It is commonly used in academic and professional settings. For instance, a 'writing outline' (写作大纲) helps a writer organize their thoughts before starting the actual draft. An 'examination outline' (考试大纲) is crucial for students because it defines the scope of what will be tested. Understanding '大纲' involves recognizing that it provides the structure or 'skeleton' of a larger body of work.

At the B2 level, '大纲' takes on a more technical and organizational meaning. It is the 'framework' or 'syllabus' that governs a systematic process. In business, a 'project outline' (项目大纲) serves as a foundational document that aligns stakeholders on the project's goals and phases. It is distinct from a 'summary' (摘要) because an outline is proactive—it guides the creation of the work—whereas a summary is reactive, describing work that is already complete. You should be able to use it in sentences like 'We need to finalize the outline before we proceed to the details.'

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At the C1 level, '大纲' is understood as a strategic and structural document. It represents the 'guiding principles' or 'macro-structure' of a complex entity. For example, a national 'development outline' (发展大纲) sets the trajectory for economic or social policy. At this level, you should appreciate the etymological roots of the word—'纲' being the head-rope of a net—implying that the '大纲' is the single point of control that manages all subordinate details. It is used in high-level academic discourse to discuss the methodology and structural integrity of research or theory.

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At the C2 level, '大纲' is treated as a conceptual blueprint that encapsulates the essence and logical architecture of a system. It is often used in the context of '纲领性文件' (programmatic documents) which dictate the ideological or strategic direction of an organization or state. Mastery at this level involves using '大纲' to describe the overarching framework of philosophical treatises, legal codes, or complex scientific theories. It implies a comprehensive grasp of the subject matter, where the speaker can distill vast amounts of information into a coherent, authoritative structure.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

大纲 در ۳۰ ثانیه

大纲 is a noun meaning 'outline' or 'syllabus', used to describe the essential structure of a plan, course, or document.
It comes from the metaphor of the main rope of a fishing net, signifying the core that controls the whole.
Commonly used in academic (syllabus) and professional (project outline) contexts to provide a high-level overview.
It is more formal and structural than a simple 'summary' or 'list', focusing on the logical framework.

The term 大纲 (dàgāng) is a foundational noun in Chinese that refers to a general plan, outline, or syllabus. Etymologically, it is a fascinating compound. The first character, 大 (dà), means 'big' or 'major.' The second character, 纲 (gāng), originally referred to the thick rope that forms the head or binding of a fishing net. In ancient Chinese thought, if you pull the gāng, the entire net opens up. Therefore, dàgāng represents the 'main rope' of any project, book, or course—the essential structure that holds everything else together.

Core Concept: It is the skeletal framework of information. It excludes granular details to focus on the logical flow and primary objectives.
Academic Context: In schools, it specifically refers to a syllabus or the required scope of an examination (考试大纲).

在写小说之前，我通常会先列出一个详细的大纲。(Before writing a novel, I usually list a detailed outline first.)

Imagine you are building a skyscraper. The steel beams that form the skeleton before the glass and walls are added are the 'dàgāng'. Without this structure, the building has no shape. Similarly, in intellectual work, the dàgāng ensures that the creator doesn't lose sight of the main goal while navigating complex details.

这份教学大纲涵盖了本学期的所有重点。(This teaching syllabus covers all the key points of this semester.)

Visual Metaphor: A map showing only the highways between cities, rather than every small street.

In modern usage, it is synonymous with 'syllabus' in education and 'outline' in creative writing or project management. It implies a level of authority and completeness regarding the scope, even if it lacks depth in specific areas.

复习时，请务必参考考试大纲。(When reviewing, please be sure to refer to the examination outline.)

Using 大纲 correctly requires understanding its formal tone. It is rarely used in casual conversation about daily chores but is ubiquitous in professional and academic settings. You 'formulate' (制定), 'write' (编写), or 'refer to' (参考) an outline.

Common Verb Pairings

列出 (Lièchū): To list/draft an outline.
遵循 (Zūnxún): To follow an outline.
修订 (Xiūdìng): To revise a syllabus/outline.

教授正在修订下学期的课程大纲。(The professor is revising the course syllabus for next semester.)

When you are in a meeting and someone asks for the 'big picture' or the 'main points' of a proposal, you might say, '让我先说一下大纲' (Let me first state the outline). It signals to the audience that you are going to be brief and structural.

这份报告的大纲已经得到了经理的批准。(The outline of this report has already been approved by the manager.)

Contextual Nuance: In the context of the HSK (Chinese Proficiency Test), the 'HSK大纲' is the official document listing all required vocabulary and grammar points. For learners, this is the most common encounter with the word.

请按照考试大纲的要求进行准备。(Please prepare according to the requirements of the examination outline.)

You will encounter 大纲 in four primary environments: universities, corporate offices, government agencies, and the publishing industry. In each, it serves as the 'master plan'.

1. The Classroom: On the first day of school, teachers hand out the 课程大纲 (Course Syllabus). Students discuss what is on the 'dàgāng' to know if the class will be difficult.
2. Business Meetings: Before a large project starts, a manager might present a 项目大纲 (Project Outline) to stakeholders to get initial feedback before investing in details.

“这是我们新产品的营销大纲。” (This is the marketing outline for our new product.)

In the news, you might hear about a 'development outline' (发展大纲) issued by the government, which sets the strategic direction for the next five or ten years. This is a very high-level use of the word.

政府发布了城市规划大纲。(The government released the urban planning outline.)

The most common mistake learners make with 大纲 is confusing it with other 'summary' words like 摘要 (zhāiyào) or 总结 (zǒngjié).

大纲 vs. 摘要: An 大纲 is a plan created before or during the work to guide it. A 摘要 (abstract/summary) is usually written after the work is finished to summarize the results.
大纲 vs. 目录: A 目录 (table of contents) is just a list of titles and page numbers. An 大纲 includes the logical points and sub-points under those titles.

错误用法：我读了这本书的大纲，觉得结局很感人。(Incorrect: I read the outline of this book and felt the ending was moving.) -> Use 摘要 or 简介 here.

Another mistake is using it for very small, informal lists. If you are making a grocery list, do not call it an '大纲'. That is just a '清单' (qīngdān). '大纲' implies a systematic, structured hierarchy.

To truly master 大纲, you must see how it sits within its family of related terms. Chinese has many words for 'summary' or 'plan'.

提纲 (Tígāng): Very close to 大纲. However, 提纲 is often used for a speech or a specific essay (发言提纲). It is slightly less formal than 大纲.
概要 (Gàiyào): Focuses on the 'essential' (要) points. It is more of a condensed version of a text than a structural plan.
蓝图 (Lántú): Literally 'blueprint'. Used metaphorically for a grand, ambitious future plan (e.g., a city's 20-year blueprint).

比较：课程大纲 (Syllabus) vs. 故事梗概 (Plot summary).

While '大纲' is the skeleton, '梗概' (gěnggài) is the gist. If you want to tell someone what a movie is about in two sentences, you give them the 梗概, not the 大纲.

چقدر رسمی است؟

سطح دشواری

گرامر لازم

Measure words for documents (份)

Preposition '按照' (according to)

Preposition '根据' (based on)

The '把' construction

Adverbial '地' usage

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

这是我们的学习大纲。

This is our study outline.

Using '这是' (This is) with a noun.

老师给了我一个大纲。

The teacher gave me an outline.

Measure word '一个' used for '大纲'.

大纲很短。

The outline is very short.

Adjective '短' (short) describing the noun.

我看大纲。

I look at the outline.

Subject-Verb-Object structure.

大纲里有五课。

There are five lessons in the outline.

Using '里' (inside) to show location.

你的大纲在哪里？

Where is your outline?

Question word '在哪里' (where).

我不明白这个大纲。

I don't understand this outline.

Negative '不' with the verb '明白'.

请写一个大纲。

Please write an outline.

Polite request using '请' (please).

写作文前要先写大纲。

Before writing an essay, you must first write an outline.

Using '前' (before) and '要' (must).

这个大纲很有用。

This outline is very useful.

Adjective phrase '很有用' (very useful).

我们按照大纲学习。

We study according to the outline.

Preposition '按照' (according to).

大纲里没有这个词。

This word is not in the outline.

Negative existence '没有' (there is not).

这是一份简单的教学大纲。

This is a simple teaching syllabus.

Measure word '份' (fèn) for documents.

他列出了大纲的要点。

He listed the main points of the outline.

Verb '列出' (to list).

请把大纲发给我。

Please send the outline to me.

The '把' construction for disposal.

大纲包括了三个部分。

The outline includes three parts.

Verb '包括' (to include).

考试大纲规定了考试的范围。

The exam outline stipulates the scope of the exam.

Verb '规定' (to stipulate/regulate).

你需要根据大纲准备发言。

You need to prepare your speech based on the outline.

Preposition '根据' (based on).

这份大纲需要进一步修改。

This outline needs further revision.

Adverb '进一步' (further).

他只写了一个初步的大纲。

He only wrote a preliminary outline.

Adjective '初步' (preliminary).

大纲清楚地展示了逻辑结构。

The outline clearly shows the logical structure.

Adverbial '清楚地' (clearly).

我们讨论了项目的初步大纲。

We discussed the preliminary outline of the project.

Verb '讨论' (to discuss).

请确认大纲的内容是否正确。

Please confirm if the content of the outline is correct.

Structure '是否' (whether or not).

大纲是整本书的骨架。

The outline is the skeleton of the whole book.

Metaphorical use of '骨架' (skeleton).

制定大纲是项目管理的第一步。

Formulating an outline is the first step of project management.

Verb '制定' (to formulate/draw up).

该大纲涵盖了所有的核心知识点。

The outline covers all the core knowledge points.

Formal pronoun '该' (this/the said).

作者在动笔前先构思了大纲。

The author conceived the outline before starting to write.

Verb '构思' (to conceive/design).

这份大纲缺乏具体的执行细节。

This outline lacks specific execution details.

Verb '缺乏' (to lack).

我们需要遵循教学大纲的指导。

We need to follow the guidance of the teaching syllabus.

Verb '遵循' (to follow/abide by).

大纲的修订反映了新的教育标准。

The revision of the outline reflects new educational standards.

Noun '修订' (revision).

经理要求提交一份详细的大纲。

The manager requested the submission of a detailed outline.

Verb '提交' (to submit).

大纲与实际内容有些出入。

There are some discrepancies between the outline and the actual content.

Phrase '有出入' (to have discrepancies).

国家发布了未来十年的发展大纲。

The state released the development outline for the next ten years.

High-level political vocabulary.

该理论的大纲在序言中有所阐述。

The outline of the theory is elaborated in the preface.

Passive-like structure '有所阐述'.

大纲的严密性决定了论文的质量。

The rigor of the outline determines the quality of the thesis.

Abstract noun '严密性' (rigor/tightness).

这份大纲为后续研究奠定了基础。

This outline laid the foundation for subsequent research.

Idiomatic phrase '奠定基础' (lay the foundation).

我们需要从宏观角度审视这个大纲。

We need to examine this outline from a macro perspective.

Phrase '从宏观角度' (from a macro perspective).

大纲中隐含了作者的哲学思想。

The author's philosophical thoughts are implied in the outline.

Verb '隐含' (to imply/be hidden in).

该大纲旨在规范行业的操作流程。

The outline aims to standardize the industry's operational procedures.

Formal word '旨在' (aims to).

专家们对大纲进行了深入的论证。

Experts conducted an in-depth demonstration/argumentation of the outline.

Phrase '进行深入的论证'.

这部法典的大纲体现了公平正义的原则。

The outline of this code of law embodies the principles of fairness and justice.

Verb '体现' (to embody/reflect).

大纲的逻辑架构极其宏大且深邃。

The logical architecture of the outline is extremely grand and profound.

Literary adjectives '宏大' and '深邃'.

该大纲是多方利益博弈后的产物。

The outline is the product of gaming between multiple interests.

Metaphorical '利益博弈' (interest gaming).

大纲的每一项条款都经过了反复推敲。

Every clause of the outline has undergone repeated scrutiny.

Idiom '反复推敲' (repeatedly weigh/scrutinize).

此大纲不仅是行动指南，更是思想纲领。

This outline is not only a guide for action but also an ideological program.

Structure '不仅是...更是...'.

大纲的缺失导致了整个计划的溃散。

The lack of an outline led to the collapse of the entire plan.

Noun '缺失' (lack/absence).

在宏大的叙事大纲下，个体命运显得微不足道。

Under the grand narrative outline, individual fates seem insignificant.

Idiom '微不足道' (insignificant).

该大纲具有跨时代的战略意义。

The outline has epoch-making strategic significance.

Adjective '跨时代' (epoch-making).

مترادف‌ها

提纲概要摘要框架蓝图概括

متضادها

详情细节

ترکیب‌های رایج

教学大纲 (teaching syllabus)

考试大纲 (exam outline)

编写大纲 (to write an outline)

列出大纲 (to list an outline)

项目大纲 (project outline)

修订大纲 (to revise an outline)

遵循大纲 (to follow an outline)

初步大纲 (preliminary outline)

详细大纲 (detailed outline)

发展大纲 (development outline)

عبارات رایج

大纲要求 (outline requirements)

大纲范围 (outline scope)

按照大纲 (according to the outline)

大纲精神 (the spirit of the outline)

大纲内容 (outline content)

逻辑大纲 (logical outline)

发言大纲 (speech outline)

论文大纲 (thesis outline)

课程大纲 (course syllabus)

活动大纲 (event outline)

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

大纲 vs 摘要 (Summary)

大纲 vs 目录 (Table of Contents)

大纲 vs 计划 (Plan)

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"提纲挈领 (tí gāng qiè lǐng - to concentrate on the main points)"

"纲举目张 (gāng jǔ mù zhāng - once the head rope is lifted, the meshes of the net open; things fall into place)"

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

大纲 vs

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

خانواده کلمه

مرتبط

纲领

纲要

纲目

总纲

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نحوه استفاده

nuance

大纲 is more structural than 提纲.

formality

Highly formal.

اشتباهات رایج

نکات

Use the Syllabus

Always check the 教学大纲 at the start of a semester to manage your time.

Outline First

Writing an 大纲 before your essay prevents you from getting lost in details.

Word Family

Learn 纲领 (program) and 提纲 (outline) together with 大纲.

Exam Prep

The 考试大纲 is your best friend for HSK preparation.

The Net

Remember the fishing net metaphor to understand the 'control' aspect of the word.

Business Meetings

Presenting an outline first shows you are organized and respect others' time.

Key Signpost

When you hear '大纲', get ready to take notes on the main points.

Measure Words

Use '一份大纲' to sound more native and professional.

Macro Thinking

Understand that Chinese education emphasizes the 'big picture' (大纲) before details.

Skeleton

Think of the outline as the skeleton that holds the meat (details) together.

حفظ کنید

ریشه کلمه

Compound of 大 (big) and 纲 (main rope of a net).

بافت فرهنگی

Syllabi in China are often very rigid and strictly followed.

Programmatic documents (纲领性文件) are central to governance.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"你看了这门课的大纲了吗？"

"你能帮我看看这个写作大纲吗？"

"这个项目的初步大纲是什么？"

"考试大纲里有这个知识点吗？"

"我们应该先讨论大纲还是细节？"

موضوعات نگارش

为你的下个月写一个生活大纲。

描述一次你没有写大纲就写文章的经历。

如果你要设计一门课，你的教学大纲会包含什么？

为什么大纲对学习很重要？

对比一下‘大纲’和‘细节’。

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

大纲 is usually more formal and official, like a syllabus. 提纲 is often a personal outline for a speech or essay.

No, that is too informal. Use 清单 (qīngdān) instead.

Yes, for project outlines or marketing strategies.

教学大纲 (jiàoxué dàgāng) or 课程大纲 (kèchéng dàgāng).

An examination outline that tells you what will be on the test.

No, it is a noun. You use verbs like '列' or '写' with it.

Sort of, but it's a structural summary (outline), not a narrative one.

份 (fèn) for a physical/official document, or 个 (gè) for a general concept.

Yes, it is typically around HSK 4 or 5 (B1/B2 level).

It refers to the main rope of a net, symbolizing control and structure.

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