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B2 noun 10 دقیقه مطالعه

偏执

pianzhi

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 偏执 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 偏执 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '偏执' (piānzhí) is too difficult. You should start with simpler words like '不听话' (bù tīnghuà - not listening/disobedient) or '奇怪' (qíguài - strange). '偏执' is a word you will learn much later. For now, think about the idea of someone who only wants things their way and refuses to listen to anyone else. It's like a person who only likes one color and thinks all other colors are bad. This is the very basic root of what '偏执' means—being very, very one-sided and not changing your mind even when you are wrong. You don't need to use this word yet, but you might hear it in movies when someone is acting very stubborn and a bit 'crazy' about an idea.

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At the A2 level, you can begin to understand '偏执' as a very strong version of 'stubborn.' You already know '固执' (gùzhí), which means stubborn. '偏执' is like '固执' but with a little bit of 'crazy' or 'unreasonable' added to it. Imagine someone who thinks everyone is trying to steal their lunch, even when no one is there. That person is '偏执.' In A2, you might see this word in simple stories about people who are very difficult to work with. It's important to know that it is usually a bad thing to say about someone. If you want to say someone is working hard and won't give up, use '努力' (nǔlì) instead. Only use '偏执' if their stubbornness is making people feel uncomfortable or if it seems irrational.

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By B1, you should be able to distinguish between '偏执' and '固执.' While '固执' is just being hard-headed, '偏执' (piānzhí) implies a psychological aspect. It means 'paranoid' or 'obsessively stubborn.' You might hear it in discussions about personality or in psychological contexts. For example, '他性格很偏执' (He has a paranoid personality). You can use it to describe characters in books or movies who are obsessed with one thing, like revenge or a specific secret. At this level, you should start noticing that '偏' means 'slanted' or 'biased,' and '执' means 'to hold.' So, the word literally means 'holding onto a slanted view.' This helps you remember that it's about having a perspective that isn't balanced or fair.

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At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using '偏执' in both formal and informal settings. You should understand that while it often means 'paranoia' in a clinical sense (偏执狂 - paranoid person), it is also used to describe 'extreme perfectionism' or 'unwavering obsession' in professional fields like art or technology. You should be able to use it in sentences like '他对细节的偏执成就了他的事业' (His obsession with details made his career). You also need to be careful with the word's negative weight; calling a friend '偏执' is a serious critique of their mental flexibility. You should be able to compare it with synonyms like '顽固' (reactionary/obstinate) and '多疑' (suspicious) to show a higher level of nuance in your speaking and writing.

At the C1 level, you should understand the deeper philosophical and cultural implications of '偏执.' In Chinese thought, which often emphasizes balance (中庸), '偏执' is the antithesis of wisdom because it represents an extreme. You should be able to use the word to analyze complex characters in literature (like those in Lu Xun's works) or to discuss societal trends, such as '偏执的民族主义' (paranoid/extreme nationalism). You should also be familiar with related idioms and formal four-character phrases that involve these concepts. At this level, you can use '偏执' as a nuanced tool to describe the 'madness' that often accompanies genius, and you should be able to explain the difference between clinical paranoia and the colloquial use of the word to describe an intense, narrow focus.

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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like grasp of '偏执.' You can use it in academic writing about psychology, sociology, or literary theory. You understand how the term has evolved in modern Chinese discourse—for instance, how it was used in the translation of Andy Grove's 'Only the Paranoid Survive' to create a semi-positive 'business' connotation for the word. You can navigate the subtle boundaries between '偏执' (paranoia), '妄想' (delusion), and '执念' (obsession/fixation). You are capable of using the word in high-level debates to describe the psychological underpinnings of political extremism or the 'paranoid style' in rhetoric. Your usage is precise, accounting for tone, register, and the specific psychological profile of the subject being discussed.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

偏执 در ۳۰ ثانیه

偏执 (piānzhí) is a B2 Chinese word meaning paranoia or extreme obsession, implying a biased and inflexible mindset that is often irrational.
It differs from 固执 (stubborn) by being more intense and psychological, and from 执着 (dedicated) by being primarily negative or critical in tone.
Commonly used in clinical psychology (偏执狂), literary character analysis, and describing extreme perfectionism in professional fields like art or technology.
The word is composed of '偏' (biased/slanted) and '执' (to hold), literally meaning to hold onto a slanted or incorrect perspective.

The Chinese term 偏执 (piānzhí) is a complex psychological and behavioral descriptor that primarily translates to 'paranoia,' 'obsession,' or 'unreasonable stubbornness.' To understand this word, we must look at its constituent characters. The first character, 偏 (piān), suggests a deviation from the center, a bias, or something that is one-sided. The second character, 执 (zhí), means to hold, grasp, or persist. Together, they describe a state of 'holding onto a deviation'—refusing to see the middle ground or the truth because one is locked into a singular, often distorted, perspective.

Psychological Context: In clinical settings, it is used to describe 'Paranoid Personality Disorder' (偏执型人格障碍). It implies a deep-seated mistrust of others and a tendency to interpret neutral actions as malevolent.

他的这种偏执已经影响到了他的正常生活和社交关系。 (His paranoia has already affected his normal life and social relationships.)

In everyday conversation, the word is often used to describe someone who is extremely narrow-minded or refuses to listen to reason. It is more intense than 'stubborn' (固执). While a stubborn person might simply refuse to change their mind, a piānzhí person is often perceived as having an irrational or even pathological fixation. For example, if a scientist continues a failed experiment for decades despite overwhelming evidence, people might describe their dedication as 偏执.

Social Connotation: In Chinese culture, which values the 'Middle Way' (中庸之道), being 偏执 is seen as a failure of character because it represents an extreme that disrupts social harmony and logical balance.

不要对过去的错误过于偏执，要学会放下。 (Don't be too obsessed with past mistakes; learn to let go.)

Furthermore, the word frequently appears in literary and cinematic critiques to describe 'anti-heroes' or 'tragic figures' whose downfall is caused by a singular, unyielding obsession. Whether it is an obsession with revenge, a lost love, or a specific ideology, 偏执 captures the essence of a mind that has lost its flexibility. In the modern tech world, however, you might occasionally hear it used with a hint of admiration—referring to 'perfectionists' who are 'paranoid' about product quality, famously echoed in the phrase 'Only the paranoid survive' (只有偏执狂才能生存).

Usage in Art: Artists are often described as having a '偏执的追求' (paranoid pursuit) for perfection, highlighting the thin line between genius and madness.

艺术家的偏执往往是他们创作出传世之作的动力。 (An artist's obsession is often the driving force behind their masterpieces.)

他那种近乎偏执的严谨，让同事们感到压力巨大。 (His almost paranoid rigor puts immense pressure on his colleagues.)

Using 偏执 (piānzhí) correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical versatility. While it is primarily a noun (paranoia) or an adjective (paranoid), it often functions as a modifier for nouns like 'personality,' 'thought,' or 'pursuit.' When you use it, you are usually making a strong statement about someone's mental state or their extreme commitment to a specific idea. It is not a word used lightly; calling someone 偏执 is a significant critique of their rationality.

As an Adjective: When describing a person, you typically use the structure 'Person + 很 + 偏执' or '偏执的 + Noun'. For example: '他是一个非常偏执的人' (He is a very paranoid/obsessive person).

在对待科学研究上，他有着一种近乎偏执的认真。 (In his scientific research, he has an almost obsessive seriousness.)

In more formal or psychological contexts, 偏执 is used to define specific conditions. You will see it in medical reports or academic papers discussing behavioral patterns. For instance, '偏执性精神病' refers to paranoid psychosis. In these cases, the word is strictly clinical and lacks the judgmental tone it might have in a casual argument. However, even in formal writing, it carries a weight of 'inflexibility.'

As a Noun: As a noun, it refers to the state of paranoia or obsession itself. For example: '这种偏执源于他童年的不安全感' (This paranoia stems from his childhood insecurity).

他的成功在很大程度上归功于他对细节的偏执。 (His success is largely due to his obsession with details.)

When talking about relationships, 偏执 often describes an unhealthy level of suspicion or control. If a partner is constantly checking the other's phone or accusing them of lying without evidence, they might be described as '偏执.' In this context, it is synonymous with 'excessive suspicion' (多疑). Using the word here highlights that the suspicion is not based on reality but on the person's internal psychological state.

In Business/Tech: It is used to describe founders who are 'obsessively' focused on a vision, often ignoring market feedback. This can be a double-edged sword: a source of innovation or a cause of failure.

优秀的创业者往往在某些方面有着常人难以理解的偏执。 (Excellent entrepreneurs often have an obsession in certain areas that ordinary people find hard to understand.)

如果不改变这种偏执的想法，你很难取得进步。 (If you don't change this paranoid way of thinking, it will be hard for you to make progress.)

In real-world Chinese environments, 偏执 (piānzhí) pops up in surprisingly diverse settings. You will encounter it in high-brow literature, psychological dramas, business biographies, and even casual social critiques. It is a word that bridges the gap between clinical psychology and everyday character assessment. If you are watching a Chinese thriller movie, the antagonist is often described as having a '偏执的人格' (paranoid personality), which explains their irrational motives for revenge or control.

In Literature and Media: Modern Chinese novels often use '偏执' to describe characters who are out of sync with society. It’s a favorite word for describing the tragic flaw of a protagonist who cannot let go of a past grievance.

这部电影深刻地描绘了一个男人在失去爱人后的偏执与疯狂。 (This movie deeply depicts a man's paranoia and madness after losing his lover.)

In the workplace, particularly in China's competitive tech and creative industries, the word has taken on a slightly more nuanced, sometimes even 'cool' meaning. You might hear a manager say that a product needs more '偏执' regarding user experience. This implies a level of perfectionism that goes beyond standard requirements. It refers to the idea that to create something truly great, one must be 'unreasonably' committed to quality, even when others say it is 'good enough.'

In News and Social Commentary: News reports on social conflicts or extremist behaviors often use '偏执' to explain why an individual refused to compromise or acted out of irrational suspicion.

专家认为，这种偏执的社会情绪需要引起我们的警惕。 (Experts believe that this paranoid social sentiment needs to alert us.)

On social media platforms like Weibo or Zhihu, you’ll see '偏执' used in discussions about relationships (the 'crazy ex' trope) or fan culture. If a fan is '偏执' about their idol, it means they have an unhealthy, obsessive attachment that might lead to attacking others online. It also appears in 'self-help' or 'psychology-lite' articles that teach people how to identify toxic traits in themselves or others. In these contexts, it is a buzzword for 'irrational fixation.'

Daily Conversations: Friends might use it to describe someone who has a very specific, unchangeable habit. '他这人对吃面很偏执，一定要在那家店吃。' (He's obsessive about eating noodles; he must eat at that specific shop.)

你对这个问题的看法太偏执了，应该多听听别人的意见。 (Your view on this issue is too paranoid/obsessive; you should listen more to others' opinions.)

这种偏执的完美主义虽然带来了成功，但也让他失去了很多朋友。 (This paranoid perfectionism brought success, but it also cost him many friends.)

One of the most frequent errors learners make is confusing 偏执 (piānzhí) with 固执 (gùzhí). While both can be translated as 'stubborn,' they carry different weights and nuances. 固执 is a common, everyday word for someone who is set in their ways or hard-headed. It doesn't necessarily imply a psychological issue or an irrational belief—just a refusal to change. 偏执, on the other hand, is much stronger. It implies that the stubbornness is 'deviant' (偏) or based on a distorted reality. Using 偏执 when you just mean a friend is being a bit difficult about where to eat dinner might sound overly dramatic or insulting.

Mistake 1: Confusion with 执着 (zhízhuó): Learners often use 偏执 to praise someone's dedication. This is usually wrong. 执着 (persistence/dedication) is the positive version. If you say a student is '偏执' about their studies, it sounds like they have a mental health problem. Use '执着' for positive perseverance.

错误：他为了理想非常偏执。 (Incorrect: He is very paranoid for his ideals.)
正确：他为了理想非常执着。 (Correct: He is very dedicated to his ideals.)

Another mistake is the misuse of the word in its noun form. 偏执 can be a noun (paranoia) or an adjective (paranoid). However, when describing a person as a 'paranoid person,' you should use 偏执狂 (piānzhíkuáng) or 偏执的人. Simply saying '他是一个偏执' is grammatically incomplete in Chinese, just as saying 'He is a paranoia' would be in English.

Mistake 2: Overusing it for 'Suspicious': If someone is just a bit suspicious of a deal, use '多疑' (duōyí) or '怀疑' (huáiyí). Calling them '偏执' suggests they have a systematic, irrational belief system against the deal, which might be too strong.

错误：他对我有点偏执。 (Incorrect: He is a bit paranoid towards me - sounds like a medical diagnosis.)
正确：他对我有点多疑。 (Correct: He is a bit suspicious of me.)

Finally, remember that 偏执 describes a state of mind or a personality trait, not a single action. You wouldn't say 'He did a paranoid thing' using this word directly; instead, you would say 'He did that because of his 偏执.' It is a deep-rooted characteristic. Understanding this helps you avoid using it for fleeting moments of stubbornness or doubt.

Mistake 3: Pronunciation: Ensure you don't confuse '执' (zhí) with '制' (zhì) or '质' (zhì). The rising second tone in 'zhí' is crucial for clarity.

我们不能因为一时的失败就变得偏执。 (We cannot become paranoid/obsessive just because of a temporary failure.)

To master 偏执 (piānzhí), it is essential to compare it with its synonyms and near-synonyms. Each word in this family has a specific 'flavor' and register, and choosing the right one will make your Chinese sound much more natural and precise.

偏执 vs. 固执 (gùzhí): 固执 is 'stubborn' or 'tenacious.' It is a common character trait. 偏执 is much stronger, implying a 'biased' or 'distorted' persistence, often linked to paranoia or irrationality.
偏执 vs. 执着 (zhízhuó): 执着 is 'dedicated' or 'persistent.' It is almost always positive. You are zhízhuó about your dreams. You are piānzhí about a conspiracy theory.

他对艺术的执着令人敬佩，但他对名声的偏执却让人担忧。 (His dedication to art is admirable, but his obsession with fame is worrying.)

Another related term is 多疑 (duōyí), which means 'suspicious' or 'mistrustful.' While 偏执 often includes being suspicious, 多疑 is specifically about the lack of trust, whereas 偏执 is a broader term for an inflexible, extreme mindset. If someone always thinks people are talking behind their back, they are duōyí. If they have a whole system of belief about a secret society following them, they are piānzhí.

偏执 vs. 顽固 (wángù): 顽固 means 'obstinate' or 'reactionary.' It is often used for older people or institutions that refuse to modernize. 偏执 is more about the intensity of the internal belief rather than just resisting change.

这种顽固的保守思想已经过时了，而他那近乎偏执的坚持只会让他更加孤立。 (This obstinate conservative thinking is outdated, and his almost paranoid persistence will only isolate him further.)

In literary contexts, you might see 狂热 (kuángrè), meaning 'fanatical' or 'frenzied.' While 偏执 is quiet and deep-seated, 狂热 is loud and energetic. A piānzhí person might sit in a room obsessing over a detail, while a kuángrè person is out in the streets shouting for a cause. Both represent extremes, but the 'energy' of the words is different.

不要用偏执去定义每一个坚持自我的人。 (Don't use 'paranoia/obsession' to define everyone who persists in being themselves.)

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The character 执 actually contains a component that looks like a person kneeling with their hands bound, symbolizing 'holding' something firmly (or being held by it!).

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /piɛn tʂɨ/

US /pjɛn tʃɨ/

The stress is balanced between the two syllables, but the rising tone on 'zhí' makes the second syllable feel slightly more prominent.

هم‌قافیه با

偏 (piān) rhymes with: 天 (tiān), 边 (biān), 先 (xiān), 连 (lián). 执 (zhí) rhymes with: 直 (zhí), 职 (zhí), 值 (zhí), 植 (zhí).

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing 'zhí' as 'zhì' (falling tone). This changes the meaning or makes it unintelligible.
Pronouncing 'piān' as 'piàn' (fourth tone).
Confusing 'zhí' with 'zi' (not curling the tongue).
Making the 'i' in 'piān' too long, like 'pee-an'.
Failing to aspirate the 'p' in 'piān' correctly.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 4/5

The characters are somewhat complex, and the abstract meaning requires context to fully grasp.

نوشتن 5/5

Both characters (偏 and 执) have many strokes and require careful practice to write correctly.

صحبت کردن 3/5

Pronunciation is relatively straightforward, but using it with the correct nuance is tricky.

گوش دادن 4/5

Can be confused with other 'zhí' or 'piān' words if not careful.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

固执坚持怀疑想法性格

بعداً یاد بگیرید

妄想极端心理学扭曲妥协

پیشرفته

中庸之道执迷不悟自洽认知偏差精神障碍

گرامر لازم

Using '地' to form adverbs.

他偏执地认为那是唯一的出路。

The '对...的' structure for target-based nouns.

他对权力的偏执令人惊讶。

Using '近乎' (jìnhū) to express 'bordering on' or 'almost'.

这种认真近乎偏执。

Negative emphasis with '无法' (wúfǎ).

偏执让他无法看清真相。

The '把...当成' (take A as B) structure.

不要把偏执当成个性。

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

他不听别人的话，很偏执。

He doesn't listen to others; he is very paranoid/stubborn.

Simple Subject + Adv + Adj structure.

偏执是不好的。

Paranoia is not good.

Noun used as a subject.

他是一个偏执的人。

He is a paranoid person.

Using '的' to modify a noun.

不要太偏执。

Don't be too paranoid/obsessive.

Imperative sentence with '不要'.

我觉得他很偏执。

I think he is very paranoid.

Expressing an opinion.

偏执的人很难交朋友。

Paranoid people find it hard to make friends.

Complex subject phrase.

他的想法很偏执。

His ideas are very paranoid/extreme.

Possessive '的' with noun subject.

你为什么这么偏执？

Why are you so paranoid/obsessive?

Question with '为什么'.

他对他那套旧理论非常偏执。

He is extremely obsessive about his old set of theories.

Using '对...非常' to show target and intensity.

这种偏执的性格让他失去了工作。

This paranoid personality made him lose his job.

Subject-Verb-Object with a complex subject.

老师说，我们不能偏执地看待问题。

The teacher said we shouldn't look at problems in a paranoid/one-sided way.

Adverbial use with '地'.

他是一个偏执狂，总觉得有人在害他。

He is a paranoid person; he always feels someone is out to get him.

Using '偏执狂' as a noun.

因为他的偏执，大家都怕他。

Because of his paranoia, everyone is afraid of him.

Starting with '因为' to show cause.

偏执和固执是有区别的。

There is a difference between being paranoid and being stubborn.

Comparing two nouns.

他偏执地认为自己永远是对的。

He paranoidly/obsessively thinks he is always right.

Adverb '偏执地' modifying the verb '认为'.

你的偏执让我感到很累。

Your paranoia/obsession makes me feel very tired.

Psychological state as a cause.

他那种近乎偏执的认真，有时让人难以接受。

His almost paranoid seriousness is sometimes hard to accept.

Using '近乎' (bordering on) to modify '偏执'.

偏执型人格通常伴随着强烈的不安全感。

Paranoid personality types are usually accompanied by strong insecurity.

Formal psychological terminology.

在某些艺术家眼中，偏执是创作的动力。

In the eyes of some artists, obsession is the driving force of creation.

Prepositional phrase '在...眼中'.

他虽然成功了，但这种偏执的代价很大。

Although he succeeded, the cost of this obsession was high.

Concessive clause with '虽然...但'.

如果你一直这么偏执，没有人能帮你。

If you keep being this paranoid/obsessive, no one can help you.

Conditional '如果...就' structure.

我们要学会反思，避免陷入偏执的怪圈。

We must learn to reflect and avoid falling into the vicious circle of paranoia.

Using '避免' (avoid) with a noun phrase.

他的偏执源于对未知的恐惧。

His paranoia stems from a fear of the unknown.

Verb '源于' (stems from).

在爱情中，过度的偏执往往会导致悲剧。

In love, excessive obsession often leads to tragedy.

Adverb '往往' (often) showing a general trend.

只有偏执狂才能生存，这句话在科技界很流行。

'Only the paranoid survive' is a very popular saying in the tech world.

Quoting a famous business slogan.

他对权力的偏执追求最终毁了他的前程。

His paranoid pursuit of power eventually ruined his future.

Using '对...的追求' as a complex noun phrase.

这种偏执的见解在学术界引发了巨大的争议。

This paranoid/biased insight sparked a huge controversy in academia.

Formal verb '引发' (to trigger/spark).

他那种偏执的性格使得他很难与同事协作。

His paranoid personality makes it very difficult for him to collaborate with colleagues.

Resultative '使得' (to make/cause).

不要把他的执着误认为是偏执。

Don't mistake his dedication for paranoia.

Structure '把 A 误认为是 B'.

他在处理问题时表现出一种极度的偏执。

He showed an extreme paranoia when handling problems.

Verb '表现出' (to manifest/show).

偏执往往是心理亚健康的一种表现。

Paranoia is often a manifestation of sub-optimal mental health.

Abstract noun '表现' (manifestation).

他的偏执让他无法听取任何建设性的建议。

His paranoia makes him unable to listen to any constructive suggestions.

Negative structure '无法' (unable to).

文学作品常通过偏执的人物形象来探讨人性的阴暗面。

Literary works often explore the dark side of human nature through paranoid characters.

Formal literary analysis language.

这种偏执的民族主义情绪如果不加引导，后果堪忧。

If this paranoid nationalist sentiment is not guided, the consequences will be worrying.

Conditional structure '如果不加...后果堪忧'.

他陷入了一种偏执的逻辑闭环，外人很难说服他。

He has fallen into a paranoid logical loop; it's hard for outsiders to convince him.

Using '逻辑闭环' (logical loop) as a metaphor.

偏执往往伴随着对他人的极度不信任和敌意。

Paranoia is often accompanied by extreme distrust and hostility toward others.

Formal verb '伴随着' (to be accompanied by).

在历史的长河中，不少天才都带有一丝偏执的色彩。

In the long river of history, many geniuses have had a touch of paranoia.

Metaphorical '色彩' (color/flavor).

他的偏执已经演变成了对他人的精神折磨。

His paranoia has evolved into mental torture for others.

Verb '演变成' (to evolve/turn into).

这种偏执源于他内心深处无法排解的孤独感。

This paranoia stems from an unresolvable sense of loneliness deep in his heart.

Complex noun phrase '内心深处'.

我们应当警惕那种偏执的绝对化思维。

We should be wary of that paranoid, absolutist way of thinking.

Formal '应当警惕' (should be alert to).

偏执性精神障碍的诊断需要结合长期的临床观察。

The diagnosis of paranoid personality disorder requires long-term clinical observation.

Highly formal medical/academic register.

他那近乎病态的偏执，实则是对现实世界的一种逃避。

His almost pathological paranoia is, in fact, an escape from the real world.

Using '实则是' (is actually) for deep analysis.

在全球化背景下，这种偏执的排外心理显得尤为荒谬。

In the context of globalization, this paranoid xenophobia appears particularly absurd.

Adverb '尤为' (especially/particularly).

艺术家对完美的偏执追求，往往是其作品灵魂所在。

An artist's paranoid pursuit of perfection is often where the soul of their work lies.

Subject-Predicate structure with '所在' (where it lies).

这种偏执的叙事风格，赋予了小说一种压抑的张力。

This paranoid narrative style gives the novel an oppressive tension.

Literary criticism: '赋予...张力'.

偏执狂往往通过构建一套自洽的谎言来维系其脆弱的自尊。

Paranoids often maintain their fragile self-esteem by constructing a set of self-consistent lies.

Formal verb '维系' (to maintain/uphold).

他对那段往事的偏执纠缠，终究让他错失了当下的美好。

His paranoid entanglement with that past eventually made him miss the beauty of the present.

Using '终究' (after all/eventually).

社会舆论的偏执化倾向，是当代公共讨论的一大隐忧。

The tendency towards paranoia in public opinion is a major hidden concern in contemporary public discussion.

Abstract noun '倾向' (tendency/inclination).

ترکیب‌های رایج

偏执的人格

近乎偏执

偏执的追求

偏执的想法

极度偏执

偏执的性格

偏执狂

产生偏执

消除偏执

偏执的完美主义

عبارات رایج

偏执型人格障碍

— Paranoid Personality Disorder. A clinical term used in psychiatry.

他被诊断患有偏执型人格障碍。

偏执狂

— A paranoid person or an obsessive. Can be used clinically or as an insult.

只有偏执狂才能在竞争中生存。

偏执心态

— A paranoid or obsessive mindset. Refers to a temporary or long-term state of mind.

这种偏执心态对团队合作非常不利。

偏执的爱

— Obsessive love. Describes a love that is controlling or irrational.

他那偏执的爱让对方感到窒息。

偏执倾向

— Paranoid tendencies. Suggesting a person is leaning towards paranoia.

测试显示他有一定的偏执倾向。

偏执的坚持

— Paranoid/Obsessive persistence. Usually implies the persistence is wrong-headed.

这种偏执的坚持没有任何意义。

偏执的偏见

— Paranoid prejudice. An extreme and irrational bias.

他由于偏执的偏见而拒绝了那个提议。

偏执的怀疑

— Paranoid suspicion. Suspicion that has no basis in reality.

他的偏执的怀疑毁了这段友谊。

偏执的情绪

— Paranoid emotions. Volatile or extreme feelings linked to paranoia.

他正处于一种极度偏执的情绪中。

偏执的防备

— Paranoid defensiveness. Being excessively guarded against others.

他那种偏执的防备让人很难接近。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

偏执 vs 固执 (gùzhí)

Common stubbornness vs. biased/irrational paranoia.

偏执 vs 执着 (zhízhuó)

Positive dedication vs. negative/clinical obsession.

偏执 vs 多疑 (duōyí)

Simple suspicion vs. a systemic paranoid mindset.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"偏听偏信"

— To listen only to one side and believe it. Related to the 'bias' (偏) in 偏执.

作为领导，不能偏听偏信。

Formal/Common

"一意孤行"

— To insist on one's own way regardless of others' advice. A common result of being 偏执.

他一意孤行，最终导致了失败。

Negative

"执迷不悟"

— To persist in error and refuse to wake up to reality. Very close to the negative sense of 偏执.

他已经执迷不悟，谁也劝不回来。

Strongly Negative

"先入为主"

— First impressions are strongest; to be prejudiced from the start. Often the root of 偏执.

我们不能先入为主地判断一个人。

Neutral/Formal

"疑神疑鬼"

— To be full of suspicions; to imagine 'ghosts' everywhere. The colloquial way to describe 偏执 suspicion.

你别总是疑神疑鬼的，大家都很支持你。

Informal

"固执己见"

— To cling to one's own opinion. A slightly milder version of being 偏执.

在讨论中，不要总是固执己见。

Neutral/Formal

"冥顽不灵"

— Stupidly stubborn and unperceptive. A very strong insult related to 偏执.

那个人冥顽不灵，简直无法沟通。

Strongly Negative

"孤芳自赏"

— To indulge in self-admiration; to be a lone flower. Sometimes the social result of 偏执.

他那种偏执的性格让他只能孤芳自赏。

Literary

"自以为是"

— To consider oneself always right. A key component of being 偏执.

他太自以为是了，从不听取别人的意见。

Negative

"格格不入"

— Like a square peg in a round hole. Describes how a 偏执 person fits into society.

他那偏执的想法与这个时代格格不入。

Neutral

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

偏执 vs 执念

Both involve 'holding' (执) onto a thought.

执念 is more about a 'fixation' or 'unfulfilled desire' (often literary/spiritual), while 偏执 is more about the 'personality trait' of being paranoid or irrationally stubborn.

复仇成了他心中挥之不去的执念。

偏执 vs 顽固

Both describe someone who won't change.

顽固 is often used for 'old/backward' views (reactionary), whereas 偏执 can be about anything, including new but irrational suspicions.

这些顽固的老顽童不肯用智能手机。

偏执 vs 极端

Both imply being far from the 'middle.'

极端 (extreme) refers to the 'position' or 'action,' while 偏执 refers to the 'mindset' behind it.

他的行为非常极端。

偏执 vs 自私

Both can lead to ignoring others.

自私 is about 'self-interest,' while 偏执 is about 'irrational belief.' A 偏执 person can be self-sacrificing for their obsession.

他太自私了，只考虑自己。

偏执 vs 狂妄

Both involve a strong sense of self.

狂妄 is 'arrogant/conceited,' while 偏执 is 'paranoid/obsessive.' One is 'too much ego,' the other is 'too much bias.'

他狂妄自大，看不起任何人。

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

A 对 B 表现出一种近乎偏执的 [Noun].

他对工作表现出一种近乎偏执的认真。

之所以...，是因为他在某些方面非常偏执。

他之所以失败，是因为他在某些方面非常偏执。

这种偏执源于 [Abstract Noun]，并最终导致了 [Result].

这种偏执源于内心的恐惧，并最终导致了悲剧。

与其说他是执着，不如说他是偏执。

不要让偏执蒙蔽了你的双眼。

偏执的叙事往往能赋予作品一种独特的张力。

他很偏执，谁的话也不听。

如果不再这么偏执，你会发现世界很美好。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

偏执狂 (piānzhíkuáng) - A paranoid person; an obsessive.

偏执性 (piānzhíxìng) - Paranoia; the quality of being paranoid.

صفت‌ها

偏执的 (piānzhí de) - Paranoid; obsessive.

مرتبط

固执 (gùzhí) - Stubborn.

执着 (zhízhuó) - Persistent/Dedicated.

偏差 (piānchā) - Deviation/Error.

执念 (zhíniàn) - Obsession/Fixation.

偏见 (piānjiàn) - Prejudice/Bias.

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Common in psychological, business, and literary contexts; less common in simple daily errands.

اشتباهات رایج

Using 偏执 to mean 'dedicated' to a hobby. → 使用 '执着'。
偏执 sounds like the person has a mental issue with the hobby. 执着 sounds like they love it.
Saying '他是一个偏执'。 → 说 '他是一个偏执的人' 或 '他是个偏执狂'。
偏执 is an adjective/noun (the state), but you need '的人' or the suffix '狂' to refer to a person.
Writing 偏 instead of 编 (biān). → 偏 (piān) has a person radical (亻).
Learners often confuse similar-looking characters. 偏 is about bias; 编 is about editing/weaving.
Using 偏执 for a small disagreement. → 使用 '固执' 或 '不听劝'。
偏执 is a very heavy word. Using it for small things sounds dramatic.
Confusing the tones: Piānzhì instead of Piānzhí. → Piānzhí (第一声，第二声)。
The second tone on 'zhí' is important for being understood correctly.

نکات

Don't use it for 'persistence'

If you want to praise someone, use 执着. 偏执 is for when persistence becomes a problem or a delusion.

Noun vs Adjective

It can be both. '他的偏执' (His paranoia) - Noun. '他很偏执' (He is paranoid) - Adjective.

The Middle Way

Think of 偏执 as the opposite of the Chinese ideal of balance. It's 'leaning' (偏) too far.

The 2nd Tone

Make sure 'zhí' goes up. If it goes down, it sounds like 'zhì' (quality/system), which is confusing.

Suffix -狂

Adding '狂' (madman) makes it '偏执狂' (a paranoid person), which is a common noun form.

Slanted Holding

Visualize holding a heavy weight while leaning sideways. It's exhausting and wrong—that's 偏执.

Literary Use

In novels, use it to describe a character's 'fatal flaw'.

vs 固执

固执 is 'hard-headed'; 偏执 is 'wrong-headed'.

Clinical vs Colloquial

Be aware that in a hospital, this word has a very specific medical meaning.

Compound it

Use '偏执型人格' in formal writing to sound more professional.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 偏 (piān) as 'leaning' to one side and 执 (zhí) as 'holding' on tight. If you are leaning too far but refuse to let go, you are 偏执 (paranoid/obsessive).

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a person standing on a slanted floor (偏), clutching a heavy iron ball (执) and refusing to move even though they are about to fall.

شبکه واژگان

偏见 (Prejudice) 偏差 (Deviation) 偏心 (Partiality) 执着 (Persistence) 执行 (Execute) 执政 (In power) 固执 (Stubborn) 偏激 (Extreme)

چالش

Try to describe a character from a movie you've seen using '偏执.' Why were they obsessive? What did they 'hold' (执) onto that was 'slanted' (偏)?

ریشه کلمه

The term 偏执 comes from the combination of two ancient Chinese concepts. '偏' (piān) originally referred to a carriage that was slanting or to one side, later evolving to mean 'biased' or 'not central.' '执' (zhí) depicts a person being shackled by their hands, meaning 'to hold' or 'to manage.'

معنای اصلی: The original sense in classical texts was to 'hold onto a biased view' or 'refuse to follow the middle path.'

Sino-Tibetan / Chinese.

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful when using this word about people with actual mental health conditions; it can be seen as stigmatizing.

English speakers might use 'paranoid' casually for 'worried,' but in Chinese, 偏执 is often more about the *stubbornness* of the belief than just the worry.

《只有偏执狂才能生存》(Only the Paranoid Survive) by Andy Grove. Characters in Lu Xun's 'Diary of a Madman' exhibit 偏执 traits. The 'Tiger Mother' (虎妈) archetype is often described as 偏执 about education.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Psychology/Medicine

偏执型人格障碍
临床表现
心理咨询
治疗方案

Business/Entrepreneurship

对品质的偏执
只有偏执狂才能生存
极致的产品
愿景的坚持

Interpersonal Relationships

过度的防备
缺乏信任
沟通障碍
控制欲

Art and Literature

艺术的偏执
悲剧人物
创作的动力
独特的视角

Social Critique

极端的思想
社会偏见
舆论导向
理性讨论

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"你觉得‘只有偏执狂才能生存’这句话有道理吗？ (Do you think 'Only the paranoid survive' makes sense?)"

"在你的工作中，你对什么事情特别偏执？ (In your work, what are you particularly obsessive about?)"

"你认为固执和偏执最大的区别是什么？ (What do you think is the biggest difference between stubborn and paranoid?)"

"你见过最偏执的人是什么样的？ (What was the most paranoid person you've ever seen like?)"

"如果一个艺术家的性格不偏执，他还能做出伟大的作品吗？ (If an artist isn't obsessive/paranoid, can they still create great works?)"

موضوعات نگارش

反思一下，你在生活中有没有在某些事情上表现出‘偏执’？这种偏执给你带来了什么影响？ (Reflect on whether you have shown 'paranoia/obsession' in certain things in your life. What impact did it have?)

描述一个你认为非常‘偏执’的历史人物，并分析其成功或失败的原因。 (Describe a historical figure you consider very 'obsessive' and analyze the reasons for their success or failure.)

讨论在现代社会中，‘偏执’和‘专注’之间的界限在哪里。 (Discuss where the line between 'paranoia/obsession' and 'focus' lies in modern society.)

写一段话，劝说一个陷入‘偏执’的朋友学会听取他人的意见。 (Write a paragraph persuading a friend stuck in 'paranoia' to learn to listen to others' opinions.)

想象一个完全没有‘偏执’的世界，那样的社会会进步吗？ (Imagine a world without any 'obsession/paranoia'; would such a society progress?)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

In 90% of cases, yes. It implies an irrational or biased mindset. However, in the business world (following Andy Grove), it can sometimes be used to describe a 'necessary obsession' for success.

It's usually too strong for a child. For a child who won't listen, use '倔' (jué) or '不听话' (bù tīnghuà). '偏执' sounds like a clinical diagnosis.

You use '偏执型' (piānzhí xíng) followed by the condition, such as '偏执型人格障碍' (Paranoid Personality Disorder).

偏激 (piānjī) means 'extreme' or 'radical' in one's views or actions, often implying a hot-headed nature. 偏执 is more about the 'persistence' and 'suspicion' in that slanted view.

No, it is a noun or an adjective. To use it in a verb-like way, add '地' and a verb, like '偏执地坚持' (to persist paranoidly).

It's common when discussing someone's character flaws or when talking about psychological issues, but you wouldn't use it for minor disagreements.

Because '执' (to hold) is a fundamental concept in Chinese for persistence, management, and control.

You call them a '偏执狂' (piānzhíkuáng).

No, it is strictly for people, their personalities, thoughts, or behaviors.

Yes, '执着' (zhízhuó) is the positive counterpart, meaning dedication or perseverance.

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