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B1 adjective #1,800 پرکاربردترین 7 دقیقه مطالعه

主观

zhuguan رتبه 1,800

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 主观 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 主观 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '主观' (zhǔguān) is a bit advanced, but you can think of it as 'my opinion' or 'what I think.' In Chinese, '主' (zhǔ) means 'me' or 'owner,' and '观' (guān) means 'to look.' So, it is 'how I look at things.' You might not use this word every day, but you will hear it when people talk about feelings. For example, if you like apples and I like oranges, that is '主观' (subjective). It is not about which fruit is better, but about what we like. A simple way to remember it is: '主观' = 'Inside my head.' '客观' (kèguān) = 'Outside in the world.' Even at this level, knowing that '主观' refers to personal feelings helps you understand why people have different ideas. You can use it to say '这是我的主观想法' (This is my personal/subjective idea). It's a polite way to show that you know others might think differently.

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At the A2 level, you start to see '主观' in more structured sentences. It is often used to describe why someone made a choice. For example, '主观原因' (zhǔguān yuányīn) means 'subjective reasons'—reasons that come from a person's own mind, like being tired or being happy, rather than '客观原因' (objective reasons) like the weather or a broken bus. You can use it to explain your actions. '主观上，我想去，但是身体不舒服' (Subjectively, I want to go, but my body feels unwell). This word helps you move beyond simple 'I like' or 'I don't like' and allows you to talk about the *nature* of your thoughts. You will also see it in simple news stories or school books when comparing different people's points of view. It's a key word for starting to express more complex logic in Chinese.

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At the B1 level, '主观' is an essential vocabulary word for discussing opinions, debates, and personal development. You should be able to use it to critique an argument or describe a mindset. A common phrase at this level is '主观能动性' (zhǔguān néngdòngxìng), which refers to 'subjective initiative' or 'agency.' This is a very popular term in Chinese culture, emphasizing that even if the '客观' (objective) situation is bad, your '主观' effort can change things. You will also learn to use '主观' to describe people who are too opinionated: '他太主观了' (He is too subjective/stubborn). At this stage, you should understand that '主观' is often contrasted with '客观' (objective). When writing essays, you might say '我们要客观地分析问题，不要受主观情绪的影响' (We should analyze problems objectively and not be influenced by subjective emotions). This shows a higher level of critical thinking in your Chinese usage.

At the B2 level, '主观' becomes a tool for nuanced analysis in professional and academic contexts. You will encounter it in legal, psychological, and literary discussions. For instance, in a legal context, '主观意图' (subjective intent) is crucial for determining the nature of an action. In literature, you might discuss the '主观叙述视角' (subjective narrative perspective) of a character. You should be comfortable using the word to discuss abstract concepts like '主观世界' (the subjective world) versus the '客观存在' (objective existence). You will also notice that '主观' is used in formal reports to categorize data. For example, '主观指标' (subjective indicators) like 'happiness' or 'satisfaction' are measured alongside '客观指标' (objective indicators) like 'income' or 'health.' Your ability to use '主观' correctly in these contexts demonstrates a strong grasp of formal Chinese and the ability to handle abstract logic.

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At the C1 level, you are expected to understand the deep philosophical and ideological implications of '主观.' This includes its role in epistemology (the theory of knowledge) and its use in Marxist-Leninist theory, which is foundational to modern Chinese political discourse. You might analyze how '主观唯心主义' (subjective idealism) differs from other schools of thought. In high-level business negotiations or political analysis, you will hear about '主观臆断' (subjective conjecture) and how to avoid it in strategic planning. You should be able to use '主观' to discuss the complexity of human perception, such as how '主观偏见' (subjective bias) can be systemic rather than just personal. At this level, your use of '主观' should be precise, often appearing in complex sentence structures like '由于主观认识的局限性，我们往往无法看到事物的全貌' (Due to the limitations of subjective understanding, we are often unable to see the full picture of things).

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At the C2 level, '主观' is a word you manipulate with absolute precision in any context, from poetic expression to scientific rigor. You understand the subtle irony when someone uses '主观' to dismiss an argument, and you can counter it with sophisticated logic. You might explore the '主观性' (subjectivity) of time in a literary masterpiece or the '主观概率' (subjective probability) in advanced economic modeling. You are aware of how the term has evolved in Chinese history and its specific weight in different eras of Chinese thought. In professional writing, you can seamlessly integrate '主观' into discussions about '主体性' (subjectivity/agency) and '客体' (object). Your mastery allows you to use the word not just to describe a state of mind, but to construct entire philosophical frameworks or to deconstruct the biases of others with surgical accuracy. You recognize that '主观' is not just a word, but a lens through which the entire human experience is filtered.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

主观 در ۳۰ ثانیه

主观 (zhǔguān) means subjective, referring to personal perspectives and internal feelings.
It is the antonym of 客观 (kèguān), which means objective or fact-based.
Commonly used in phrases like '主观原因' (subjective reasons) and '主观能动性' (subjective initiative).
Can be used neutrally in philosophy or negatively to mean 'opinionated' or 'biased'.

The term 主观 (zhǔguān) is a foundational concept in Chinese logic, philosophy, and daily conversation, primarily translated as 'subjective.' At its core, it describes a perspective, judgment, or feeling that originates from within an individual's mind rather than from external, verifiable facts. In the Chinese linguistic structure, '主' (zhǔ) refers to the subject, the host, or the self, while '观' (guān) refers to a view, observation, or outlook. Together, they form the 'view of the subject.'

Philosophical Root: In Marxist philosophy, which heavily influences modern Chinese educational terminology, '主观' is the counterpart to '客观' (objective). It represents the conscious activity of the human mind reacting to the material world.
Daily Usage: When someone says '你太主观了' (Nǐ tài zhǔguān le), they are suggesting that your opinion is biased, one-sided, or failing to consider the reality of the situation.

评价一个人的表现时，我们应该尽量避免主观偏见。
(When evaluating someone's performance, we should try our best to avoid subjective bias.)

Understanding '主观' requires recognizing that it isn't always negative. While it can imply 'prejudice' (主观偏见), it also relates to 'subjective initiative' (主观能动性), which is the human capacity to act and change the world through will and effort. This dual nature makes it a versatile word in both academic and social contexts. For instance, in art criticism, a '主观感受' (subjective feeling) is often valued as the unique emotional response of the viewer. However, in scientific research, '主观因素' (subjective factors) are usually seen as variables that need to be controlled to ensure accuracy. The word serves as a reminder of the boundary between the internal world of thoughts and the external world of objects.

这只是我的主观看法，不一定对。
(This is just my subjective view; it might not be correct.)

Cognitive Science Context: In psychology, '主观体验' (subjective experience) refers to the internal phenomenological state of an individual, which cannot be directly observed by others.

Using 主观 correctly involves understanding its grammatical roles as both an adjective and a noun-like component in phrases. It frequently modifies nouns like '看法' (view), '原因' (reason), or '判断' (judgment). In many cases, it is paired with '上' (shàng) to form '主观上' (subjectively/from a subjective standpoint), which acts as an adverbial phrase at the beginning of a sentence or before a verb.

As an Adjective: Used directly before a noun: '主观原因' (subjective reasons). For example: '失败有很多主观原因' (There are many subjective reasons for the failure).
As an Adverbial: '主观上，他并不想伤害你' (Subjectively, he didn't want to hurt you). Here, it clarifies the intent rather than the outcome.

我们不能凭主观想象办事。
(We cannot act based on subjective imagination.)

One of the most important collocations is '主观能动性' (subjective initiative). This is a high-level term used in business, politics, and education to describe the power of human agency. If a teacher says '要发挥学生的主观能动性,' they mean 'we must tap into the students' own initiative and drive.' Another common usage is in the legal or forensic field, where '主观意图' (subjective intent) determines the severity of a crime. Was the action '主观故意' (intentional) or '过失' (negligent)?

医生在诊断时要排除主观臆断。
(Doctors must exclude subjective assumptions during diagnosis.)

Common Collocations: 1. 主观世界 (Subjective world)
2. 主观愿望 (Subjective desire)
3. 主观臆断 (Subjective assumption/conjecture)

You will encounter 主观 in a variety of professional and intellectual settings. In a corporate environment, during a project debrief, a manager might say, '我们需要更多的数据，而不是主观的猜测' (We need more data, not subjective guesses). In the news, analysts often discuss '主观因素' when explaining market fluctuations or political shifts that aren't purely driven by economic metrics.

电影评论往往带有强烈的主观色彩。
(Movie reviews often carry a strong subjective color/tone.)

In educational settings, teachers use the word to encourage critical thinking. They might ask students to distinguish between '主观叙述' (subjective narration) and '客观事实' (objective facts) in a text. In university lectures, especially in the humanities and social sciences, '主观性' (subjectivity) is a frequent topic of debate. For example, '历史学家的主观性如何影响史料的解读？' (How does the subjectivity of historians affect the interpretation of historical materials?)

Socially, the word is used to describe someone's character. If a friend says of another, '他太主观了，从不听别人的意见' (He is too subjective; he never listens to others' opinions), they are criticizing that person's stubbornness or lack of empathy. In this context, '主观' acts as a synonym for 'opinionated' or 'egocentric.' It is also common in legal dramas or police procedurals when discussing '主观动机' (subjective motive) to determine if a crime was premeditated.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with 主观 is confusing it with '自私' (zìsī - selfish) or '个人' (gèrén - personal). While '主观' involves the self, it doesn't necessarily mean you are acting in your own interest (selfish); it just means the thought comes from your internal perspective. For example, you can have a '主观' wish for someone else's happiness, which isn't selfish at all.

Mistake 1: Over-modifying: Saying '非常主观的原因' is grammatically okay but stylistically weak. Usually, '主观原因' is sufficient as it is a categorical term.
Mistake 2: Confusing with '主动': '主动' (zhǔdòng) means 'proactive' or 'on one's own initiative' in an action sense. '主观' is about the mental state. Don't say '他主观地打扫了房间' when you mean '他主动地打扫了房间'.

错误：他做事很主观，所以他总是第一个开始工作。
正确：他做事很主动，所以他总是第一个开始工作。

Another common error is using '主观' as a verb. It is strictly an adjective or a noun component. You cannot say '我主观这个电影很好' (I subjective this movie is good). You must say '我主观上认为...' (Subjectively, I think...) or '这是我的主观意见' (This is my subjective opinion). Lastly, ensure you don't confuse '主观' with '偏见' (piānjiàn - prejudice). While subjective views often lead to prejudice, '主观' itself is a neutral philosophical term, whereas '偏见' is inherently negative.

To master 主观, it is helpful to compare it with related terms that deal with perspectives and internal states. The most obvious comparison is with its antonym, 客观 (kèguān).

主观 vs. 客观: '主观' is the 'subject' (I), '客观' is the 'object' (it). Subjective is based on feelings; objective is based on facts. Example: '主观感受' (subjective feeling) vs. '客观事实' (objective fact).
主观 vs. 片面 (piànmiàn): '片面' means 'one-sided.' While a subjective view is often one-sided, '片面' specifically emphasizes the lack of a complete picture, whereas '主观' emphasizes the source of the view (the self).
主观 vs. 偏见 (piānjiàn): '偏见' is 'prejudice' or 'bias.' It is a negative result of being too '主观'. You can have a '主观' opinion that is fair, but you cannot have a '偏见' that is fair.

他的看法太主观，甚至带有一些偏见。
(His view is too subjective and even carries some prejudice.)

Finally, consider 内在 (nèizài), meaning 'intrinsic' or 'internal.' While '主观' refers to the perspective, '内在' refers to the qualities or nature of something. For instance, '内在美' (inner beauty) is a quality, while '主观美' (subjective beauty) would imply that beauty is in the eye of the beholder.

چقدر رسمی است؟

سطح دشواری

گرامر لازم

Using '从...上讲' with 主观

The '太...了' structure for criticism

Adjective-noun collocations

Contrastive sentence structures (不但...而且...)

Nominalization with '性' (主观性)

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

这是我的主观想法。

This is my subjective idea.

主观 modifies the noun 想法.

他很主观。

He is very subjective.

主观 is used as a predicate adjective.

主观感觉很好。

Subjective feeling is good.

主观 modifies 感觉.

我不喜欢太主观的人。

I don't like people who are too subjective.

主观 modifies the person (人).

主观上，我喜欢红色。

Subjectively, I like red.

主观上 acts as an adverbial phrase.

这是一个主观的问题。

This is a subjective question.

主观 modifies 问题.

主观意见很重要。

Subjective opinions are important.

主观 modifies 意见.

你不要太主观了。

Don't be too subjective.

太...了 structure with 主观.

失败是因为主观努力不够。

The failure was because subjective effort was not enough.

主观努力 means personal effort.

我们有主观原因和客观原因。

We have subjective reasons and objective reasons.

Contrasting 主观 and 客观.

主观上，他想帮我。

Subjectively, he wanted to help me.

Focusing on intent.

这只是主观的判断。

This is just a subjective judgment.

主观的 + noun.

主观愿望是好的。

The subjective wish is good.

主观愿望 refers to intentions.

评价要公平，不能太主观。

Evaluation should be fair, not too subjective.

Adverbial use of 主观.

主观因素影响了结果。

Subjective factors influenced the result.

主观因素 is a common collocation.

他主观地认为自己是对的。

He subjectively thought he was right.

主观地 as an adverb.

发挥人的主观能动性。

Exert human subjective initiative.

High-level collocation: 主观能动性.

主观臆断会误导我们。

Subjective conjecture will mislead us.

主观臆断 is a negative term.

艺术作品有很强的主观性。

Artworks have strong subjectivity.

主观性 means subjectivity.

主观偏见是很难消除的。

Subjective bias is hard to eliminate.

主观偏见 means subjective bias.

从主观上讲，我支持他。

Subjectively speaking, I support him.

从...上讲 structure.

主观世界与客观世界不同。

The subjective world is different from the objective world.

Philosophical usage.

主观评价往往不准确。

Subjective evaluations are often inaccurate.

主观评价.

我们要克服主观主义。

We must overcome subjectivism.

主观主义 is a formal term.

主观意图是法律判决的关键。

Subjective intent is key to legal judgment.

Legal context.

主观体验是心理学研究的对象。

Subjective experience is the object of psychological research.

Scientific context.

排除主观干扰，寻求真相。

Exclude subjective interference and seek the truth.

Formal instruction.

主观概率在风险评估中很有用。

Subjective probability is useful in risk assessment.

Economic/Technical context.

这篇文章充满了主观色彩。

This article is full of subjective color.

Literary criticism.

主观能动性是成功的动力。

Subjective initiative is the driving force of success.

Motivational context.

他陷入了主观唯心主义的泥潭。

He fell into the mire of subjective idealism.

Philosophical critique.

主观上的疏忽导致了事故。

Subjective negligence led to the accident.

Formal report style.

主观认识必须符合客观实际。

Subjective understanding must conform to objective reality.

Formal philosophical principle.

主观评价的差异源于文化背景。

Differences in subjective evaluation stem from cultural backgrounds.

Sociological analysis.

主观真理与客观真理的辩证统一。

The dialectical unity of subjective truth and objective truth.

Advanced dialectics.

主观性是现代文学的核心特征之一。

Subjectivity is one of the core characteristics of modern literature.

Academic literary theory.

主观因素在决策中起着微妙的作用。

Subjective factors play a subtle role in decision-making.

Business strategy context.

主观意愿不能凌驾于法律之上。

Subjective will cannot override the law.

Political/Legal principle.

主观臆测往往掩盖了事实真相。

Subjective speculation often hides the truth of the facts.

Formal criticism.

主观能动性的发挥受客观规律制约。

The exertion of subjective initiative is constrained by objective laws.

Complex philosophical sentence.

主观性在现象学中被赋予了至高无上的地位。

Subjectivity is given supreme status in phenomenology.

High-level academic discourse.

主观与客观的界限在量子力学中变得模糊。

The boundary between subjective and objective becomes blurred in quantum mechanics.

Scientific/Philosophical intersection.

主观臆断之弊，在于其对多元视角的排斥。

The flaw of subjective conjecture lies in its exclusion of multiple perspectives.

Classical/Formal style.

主观叙事的张力源于其不可靠性。

The tension of subjective narration stems from its unreliability.

Advanced literary analysis.

主观意志的强加往往导致沟通的断裂。

The imposition of subjective will often leads to a breakdown in communication.

Psychological/Social analysis.

主观能动性之于人类文明，犹灵魂之于躯体。

Subjective initiative is to human civilization what the soul is to the body.

Metaphorical formal style.

主观偏见的隐蔽性使其更具破坏力。

The hidden nature of subjective bias makes it more destructive.

Abstract formal analysis.

主观价值论是现代经济学的基石之一。

Subjective value theory is one of the cornerstones of modern economics.

Economic theory.

مترادف‌ها

片面臆断个人偏见唯心

متضادها

客观中立

ترکیب‌های رایج

主观原因

主观愿望

主观能动性

主观臆断

主观偏见

主观因素

主观评价

主观世界

主观意图

主观感受

عبارات رایج

主观上

主观主义

主观性

主观判断

主观努力

主观意志

主观色彩

主观指标

主观叙述

主观动机

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

主观 vs 主动

Active/Proactive (action) vs. Subjective (mental state).

主观 vs 自私

Selfish (moral) vs. Subjective (epistemological).

主观 vs 偏见

Bias (negative result) vs. Subjective (neutral source).

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"主观臆断"

"先入为主"

"自以为是"

"固执己见"

"一意孤行"

"偏听偏信"

"闭门造车"

"盲人摸象"

"刻舟求剑"

"坐井观天"

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

主观 vs

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

خانواده کلمه

مرتبط

主人

主要

主动

主张

观点

观察

观念

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نحوه استفاده

nuance

Neutral in philosophy, negative in social criticism, positive in 'initiative'.

frequency

High in academic and professional Chinese.

اشتباهات رایج

Using '主观' when you mean '主动' (proactive).
Using '主观' as a verb.
Confusing '主观' with '自私' (selfish).
Overusing '很' with '主观' in formal writing.
Forgetting the '的' when modifying nouns (e.g., 主观判断).

نکات

The Master's View

Think of '主' as the master of the mind. His view is '主观'.

Pairing

Always try to learn '主观' and '客观' together as a pair.

Initiative

In China, showing '主观能动性' is highly valued in the workplace.

Adverbial Form

Use '主观上' at the start of sentences to mean 'From my perspective'.

Politeness

Use '主观' to soften your opinions: '这只是我的主观意见'.

Essays

Use '主观因素' to analyze problems in academic writing.

News

Listen for '主观' in political analysis regarding motives.

Context

Identify if '主观' is being used as a criticism or a neutral term.

Expansion

Learn '主观主义' to talk about political or philosophical errors.

Balance

A good argument in Chinese often balances '主观' and '客观'.

حفظ کنید

ریشه کلمه

Modern Chinese loan-translation of the Western philosophical concept of 'subjective'. '主' (subject) + '观' (view).

بافت فرهنگی

Deeply tied to Marxist dialectics in modern China.

Avoid being '主观' when giving feedback to maintain harmony.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"你觉得这个评价太主观了吗？"

"我们该如何发挥员工的主观能动性？"

"主观感受和客观事实哪个更重要？"

"你认为电影评论应该是主观的吗？"

"主观偏见如何影响我们的决策？"

موضوعات نگارش

写一次你因为太主观而犯错的经历。

讨论主观能动性在你的学习中起到了什么作用。

你认为美是主观的还是客观的？为什么？

分析一个你最近听到的主观偏见。

如何平衡主观愿望与客观现实？

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, in Chinese philosophy, '主观能动性' (subjective initiative) is a positive quality of human agency.

You add '性' (xìng) to get '主观性'.

The opposite is '客观' (kèguān), meaning objective.

Yes, but it means 'I am very opinionated/stubborn'.

It means making a groundless, subjective conclusion.

It refers to 'subjective intent' (主观意图) of the defendant.

Yes, to describe 'subjective feelings' (主观感受) toward a piece.

Yes, usually as '主观地' or '主观上'.

It refers to the internal world of human consciousness.

Yes, it is common in HSK 5 and above.

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