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B1 noun #2,500 le plus courant 9 min de lecture

恐れ

osore
Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces 恐れ en 30 secondes
Explication 恐れ in your Level:
At the A1 level, you might not use 'osore' directly very often, as it is quite formal. However, you will encounter it in the very polite phrase 'Osore-irimasu' (I'm sorry/thank you). At this stage, think of 'osore' as a very strong version of 'kowai' (scared) that adults use in serious situations. You can imagine it as the feeling you get when you see something very big and powerful, like a huge storm or a very important person. It's more than just being 'scared'; it's about knowing that something serious might happen. For now, just remember it as a 'big fear' or 'risk'.
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At the A2 level, you start to see 'osore' in simple news or weather reports. You might hear 'Ame no osore ga arimasu' (There is a risk of rain). Here, 'osore' means 'risk' or 'danger'. It's a useful word for talking about the weather or simple problems. You should also recognize it in 'Osore-irimasu' when you go to a shop. It's a noun, so you usually put 'no' before it if another noun is describing it, like 'shippai no osore' (fear of failure). It's a step up from 'kowai' and makes your Japanese sound more mature and polite.
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At the B1 level, 'osore' becomes a key tool for expressing risks and formal apprehensions. You should be comfortable using the pattern '〜の恐れがある' to describe potential negative outcomes in your writing or formal speaking. For example, 'Kono kawa wa hanran suru osore ga arimasu' (This river is at risk of flooding). You also begin to understand the nuance of 'osore' as a deep, psychological fear, distinct from the visceral 'kyoufu'. It’s used when discussing social issues or personal anxieties about the future. This level requires you to distinguish between 'osore' (risk/dread) and 'kanousei' (possibility).
At the B2 level, you should master the various collocations of 'osore', such as 'osore wo idaku' (to harbor fear) or 'osore wo nasu' (to be intimidated). You understand that 'osore' can also mean 'awe' or 'reverence', especially in literary or historical contexts. You can use it to discuss complex topics like the 'fear of being forgotten' or 'the risk of economic collapse' with the appropriate level of formality. You are also aware of its use in legal and business documents to specify liabilities and risks. Your usage should reflect an understanding of the word's gravity and its role in maintaining a professional tone.
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At the C1 level, you appreciate the subtle literary and philosophical overtones of 'osore'. You can analyze how authors use 'osore' to describe a character's existential dread or their 'reverence' for nature. You understand the historical development of the word from its roots in ancient Japanese spirituality. In professional settings, you use 'osore' with precision, choosing it over 'kenen' or 'kigu' to emphasize the potential for a truly negative or disastrous outcome. You can also use the humble 'osore-iru' forms fluently in complex social interactions, navigating the nuances of 'sonkeigo' and 'kenjougo' with ease.
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At the C2 level, 'osore' is a word you use with complete mastery of its emotional and social resonance. You can use it to evoke specific atmospheres in creative writing or to provide nuanced risk assessments in high-level policy discussions. You understand the deepest etymological connections between 'osore' and the concept of 'kami' (deities), recognizing how this history influences modern usage in phrases like 'osore-ooi' (august/awesome). You can effortlessly switch between its meanings of 'terror', 'risk', and 'reverence' depending on the context, and you can explain these nuances to others with clarity and depth.
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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

恐れ en 30 secondes

  • A formal noun for fear, dread, or risk.
  • Commonly used in news for 'risk of' (〜の恐れがある).
  • Carries a nuance of seriousness and gravity.
  • Root of the very polite phrase 'Osore-irimasu'.

The Japanese word 恐れ (osore) is a multifaceted noun that captures the essence of fear, apprehension, and potential danger. Unlike the adjective 怖い (kowai), which describes a subjective feeling of being scared, osore often refers to the objective existence of a risk or a deep-seated psychological state of dread. In its most common grammatical construction, 〜の恐れがある, it functions as a formal way to express that there is a possibility of something negative occurring in the future. This makes it indispensable for news reports, weather forecasts, and professional documentation.

Core Concept
The fundamental feeling of being afraid or the objective risk of a negative outcome.
Linguistic Nuance
It carries a weight of seriousness and formality, often used when discussing social issues, natural disasters, or profound emotions.
Grammatical Role
Primarily functions as a noun, but frequently acts as a functional noun in patterns indicating probability.

「台風が上陸する恐れがあります。」

— Translation: There is a fear (risk) that the typhoon will make landfall.

Historically, the word is derived from the verb 恐れる (osoreru). In ancient Japanese contexts, it wasn't just about being 'scared' in a modern sense; it encompassed 'awe' or 'reverence' toward powerful deities or natural phenomena. This duality remains in modern Japanese, where one might feel osore toward a great leader or a majestic mountain, blending fear with deep respect. This is why the humble phrase 恐れ入ります (osore-irimasu) is used to express both apology and gratitude—acknowledging the 'awe-inspiring' kindness or trouble of the other person.

「彼は失敗の恐れを抱いている。」

— Translation: He harbors a fear of failure.

In literary settings, osore is used to paint a picture of internal struggle. A character might feel an 'osore' that they cannot name—a vague, existential dread that haunts their decisions. This differs from kyoufu (恐怖), which is more visceral and physical (like the fear of a monster). Osore is the shadow in the mind, the 'what if' that keeps one awake at night. Understanding this distinction is key to reaching B1 and B2 proficiency levels in Japanese, as it allows you to describe emotions with greater precision and cultural sensitivity.

Social Context
Used in public announcements to warn citizens without causing unnecessary panic, maintaining a calm but serious tone.
Literary Context
Used to describe the 'fear of the unknown' or the 'fear of God/Nature'.

Mastering the usage of 恐れ (osore) requires understanding its primary grammatical patterns. While it is a noun, its behavior in a sentence often dictates the level of formality and the specific type of fear being conveyed. The most frequent pattern you will encounter is [Verb Dictionary Form / Noun + の] + 恐れがある. This translates to 'there is a risk that...' or 'it is feared that...'. It is the standard way to report potential negative outcomes in journalism and official reports.

  • Pattern 1: [Noun] + の恐れ — Used to describe a specific type of fear. Example: 失敗の恐れ (fear of failure).
  • Pattern 2: [Verb] + 恐れがある — Used for predictions. Example: 倒壊する恐れがある (risk of collapsing).
  • Pattern 3: 恐れを抱く (osore wo idaku) — To harbor or hold a fear. This is a common collocation for internal emotions.
  • Pattern 4: 恐れを知らない (osore wo shiranai) — Fearless; literally 'not knowing fear'.

「この病気は再発の恐れがあります。」

— Translation: This illness has a risk of recurring.

When using osore, pay close attention to the register. If you are talking to a friend about being scared of a horror movie, osore is too heavy and formal. Instead, stick to 怖い (kowai). However, if you are writing a report for your Japanese professor or boss about the potential risks of a new project, osore is the perfect choice. It signals that you are thinking critically about potential downsides and using the appropriate professional vocabulary.

Collocation: 恐れをなす
To be overcome with fear or to be intimidated. Often used when someone retreats due to the overwhelming presence of an opponent.
Collocation: 恐れを忘れる
To forget one's fear, often in the heat of the moment or due to extreme motivation.

Another advanced usage is the humble expression 恐れ入ります (osore-irimasu). While it contains the noun osore, it functions as a fixed polite phrase. It literally means 'I am filled with awe/fear (at your kindness/the trouble I've caused)'. It is used in customer service or formal business to mean 'I am sorry to trouble you' or 'I am very grateful'. Understanding that osore underpins this common phrase helps you appreciate the deep-rooted Japanese value of humility and acknowledging the impact one has on others.

You will encounter 恐れ (osore) in specific environments where precision and gravity are required. The most common 'natural habitat' for this word is the Japanese news media. During weather reports, the phrase 「大雨の恐れがあります」 (There is a risk of heavy rain) is a staple. It provides a level of objective warning that sounds more professional than saying 'it might rain'. This usage is crucial for anyone living in Japan, as it is the standard language for emergency broadcasts regarding earthquakes, tsunamis, and typhoons.

「津波の恐れはなくなりました。」

— Translation: The danger of a tsunami has passed (lit. has disappeared).

In the business world, osore appears in risk assessment meetings and formal reports. If a company is launching a product, the legal team might discuss the 著作権侵害の恐れ (risk of copyright infringement). Using osore in these contexts demonstrates a high level of linguistic competence and a serious attitude toward professional responsibilities. It is also found in academic papers, particularly in sociology or psychology, when discussing collective fears or the 'fear of the unknown' in a population.

News Media
Used for weather warnings, economic downturns, and public safety alerts.
Business/Legal
Used in contracts, risk analysis, and formal apologies to clients.
Literature/Art
Used to describe profound, existential, or spiritual dread.

Furthermore, you will hear the humble derivative 恐れ入ります in high-end retail stores, hotels, and over the phone in professional settings. When a clerk says 「恐れ入りますが、少々お待ちください」, they are using the 'awe/fear' root to show extreme politeness. They aren't actually 'afraid' of you; they are performing a linguistic ritual of lowering themselves to elevate you, the customer. Recognizing the root osore in this phrase helps learners bridge the gap between basic vocabulary and the complex world of Japanese keigo (honorifics).

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing the noun 恐れ (osore) with the adjective 怖い (kowai). While both relate to fear, their usage is strictly separated by grammar and tone. You cannot say *「私は恐れです」 to mean 'I am scared'. Osore is a noun representing the concept of fear or a specific risk. To say you are scared, you must use kowai (informal/personal) or osorete-iru (formal/state of being).

Mistake 1: Misusing 'Osore' for Personal Feelings
Saying 'osore' when you just mean you're scared of a spider. Use 'kowai' instead.
Mistake 2: Positive Predictions
Using 'osore ga aru' for something good. 'There is a risk (osore) I will pass the exam' is grammatically correct but logically weird in Japanese.

❌ 「合格する恐れがあります。」

— Correct: 「合格する可能性があります。」 (There is a possibility of passing.)

Another common error is failing to use the particle の when connecting osore to another noun. Since osore is a noun, it requires the possessive particle. For example, 'fear of death' must be 死の恐れ (shi no osore), not just *死恐れ. Additionally, learners often forget that osore ga aru is a formal expression. Using it in a very casual conversation with friends might make you sound like a news anchor, which can be jarring or unintentionally funny.

Finally, don't confuse osore with 恐怖 (kyoufu). While both mean fear, kyoufu is usually the intense, heart-pounding sensation of terror (like in a horror movie or a life-threatening situation). Osore is more about the 'risk' or a 'reverent dread'. If you are writing about a 'reign of terror' in history, you use kyoufu. If you are writing about the 'fear of a recession', you use osore. Distinguishing these two will significantly improve your writing and reading comprehension at the B1 level and beyond.

To truly understand 恐れ (osore), it helps to compare it with its synonyms and related terms. Japanese has a rich vocabulary for fear, each with its own specific 'flavor'. By learning these distinctions, you can choose the word that fits your context perfectly. The most common related words are 恐怖 (kyoufu), 不安 (fuan), and 危惧 (kigu).

恐怖 (Kyoufu)
Intense, visceral fear or terror. Used for horror movies, phobias, and immediate physical danger.
不安 (Fuan)
Anxiety or unease. This is a softer, more common word for when you are worried about something but not necessarily 'afraid'.
危惧 (Kigu)
Apprehension or misgivings. Very formal, often used in political or social contexts (e.g., 'fearing for the future of the environment').

「将来への不安と、失敗への恐れ。」

— Translation: Anxiety about the future and fear of failure.

Another interesting comparison is with 懸念 (kenen). While osore implies a risk of something bad happening, kenen is more about 'concern' or 'worry' from a logical or analytical standpoint. In a business meeting, you might say 「懸念点があります」 (I have some concerns) rather than 「恐れがあります」, which would sound too dramatic. Osore is for when the threat is significant and potentially damaging.

Finally, consider the verb 怖がる (kowagaru). This is the action of 'acting scared' or 'showing fear'. While osore is the noun for the feeling or risk itself, kowagaru is what a child does when they see a ghost. Understanding these different parts of speech and their nuances allows you to navigate the emotional landscape of the Japanese language with confidence and accuracy.

How Formal Is It?

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 3/5
Expression orale 3/5
Écoute 3/5

Grammaire à connaître

〜可能性がある (Possibility)

〜かもしれない (Might)

〜おそれがある (Risk - Formal)

敬語 (Honorifics)

体言止め (Noun-ending sentences)

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Exemples par niveau

1

恐れ入ります、お名前は？

Excuse me (humbly), what is your name?

Osore-irimasu is a fixed polite phrase.

2

彼は恐れを知らない。

He knows no fear.

Osore is the noun 'fear'.

3

恐れはだれにでもあります。

Everyone has fears.

Simple noun usage with 'wa' and 'arimasu'.

4

暗いところに恐れを感じます。

I feel fear in dark places.

Osore wo kanjiru = to feel fear.

5

恐れ入りますが、待ってください。

I'm sorry, but please wait.

Used to soften a request.

6

大きな音に恐れをなした。

I was frightened by the loud noise.

Osore wo nasu = to be frightened/intimidated.

7

その子は恐れで泣いた。

The child cried out of fear.

'De' indicates the cause (fear).

8

恐れを捨てなさい。

Throw away your fear.

Osore wo suteru = to discard fear.

1

雨の恐れがあります。

There is a risk of rain.

Noun + no + osore ga aru.

2

失敗の恐れは考えないで。

Don't think about the fear of failure.

Shippai no osore = fear of failure.

3

火事の恐れがあるから、気をつけて。

There's a danger of fire, so be careful.

Kaji no osore = danger of fire.

4

恐れ入りますが、ここでの喫煙はご遠慮ください。

Excuse me, but please refrain from smoking here.

Very polite way to give a rule.

5

彼は先生に対して恐れを抱いている。

He feels a sense of awe/fear toward the teacher.

Osore wo idaku = to harbor/feel fear.

6

台風が来る恐れがあります。

There is a risk that a typhoon will come.

Verb + osore ga aru.

7

そのニュースは人々に恐れを与えた。

That news gave people fear.

Osore wo ataeru = to cause/give fear.

8

病気が広がる恐れがある。

There is a risk that the disease will spread.

Formal prediction of a negative event.

1

この古い建物は倒壊の恐れがあります。

This old building is at risk of collapsing.

Toukai no osore = risk of collapse.

2

彼は孤独の恐れに打ち勝った。

He overcame the fear of loneliness.

Osore ni uchikatsu = to overcome fear.

3

環境破壊の恐れが指摘されている。

The risk of environmental destruction is being pointed out.

Passive form 'shiteki sarete-iru'.

4

恐れ入りますが、お手洗いはどちらでしょうか。

Pardon me, but where is the restroom?

Standard polite inquiry.

5

未知のものに対する恐れは自然なことだ。

Fear of the unknown is natural.

Michi no mono = unknown things.

6

経済が停滞する恐れがある。

There is a risk that the economy will stagnate.

Teitai suru = to stagnate.

7

彼女は人前で話すことに恐れを感じている。

She feels fear about speaking in public.

Koto ni osore wo kanjiru.

8

情報の漏洩の恐れがあるため、パスワードを変えてください。

Because there is a risk of information leakage, please change your password.

Jouhou no rouei = information leakage.

1

政府はインフレの恐れを懸念している。

The government is concerned about the risk of inflation.

Osore wo kenen suru = to be concerned about a risk.

2

彼はライバルの実力に恐れをなして逃げ出した。

He was intimidated by his rival's strength and ran away.

Osore wo nashite = being intimidated.

3

この決断は、後に大きな混乱を招く恐れがある。

This decision risks causing great confusion later.

Maneku osore = risk of inviting/causing.

4

彼女の目には、一瞬、恐れの色が浮かんだ。

For a moment, a look of fear appeared in her eyes.

Osore no iro = a look/color of fear.

5

恐れ入りますが、本日中の納品は致しかねます。

I am very sorry, but we cannot complete the delivery today.

Very formal business refusal.

6

自然の驚異に対し、人間は恐れを抱かざるを得ない。

Humans cannot help but feel awe toward the wonders of nature.

Osore wo idakazaru wo enai = cannot help but feel awe.

7

その計画は失敗の恐れが多分にある。

That plan has a high risk of failure.

Tabun ni aru = to have a lot of/high chance.

8

彼は死の恐れを克服したと言った。

He said he had overcome the fear of death.

Shi no osore = fear of death.

1

その独裁者は、国民に恐れを植え付けることで権力を維持した。

The dictator maintained power by instilling fear in the citizens.

Osore wo uetsukeru = to instill fear.

2

科学の進歩が倫理を逸脱する恐れを、多くの学者が指摘している。

Many scholars point out the risk that scientific progress might deviate from ethics.

Rinri wo itsudatsu = to deviate from ethics.

3

彼は神の怒りに恐れおののいた。

He trembled in fear of God's wrath.

Osore-ononoku = to tremble with fear.

4

この政策は、格差をさらに拡大させる恐れを孕んでいる。

This policy carries the risk of further widening the gap (between rich and poor).

Osore wo haramu = to be pregnant/fraught with risk.

5

恐れながら、申し上げます。その案には反対です。

With all due respect (humbly), I must say I oppose that plan.

Osore-nagara = while being humble/fearful (polite disagreement).

6

伝統が失われる恐れに対し、保存活動が始まった。

In response to the fear of traditions being lost, preservation activities began.

Noun + no + osore ni taishi.

7

彼の沈黙には、言葉にできない恐れが隠されていた。

In his silence, an unspeakable fear was hidden.

Kotoba ni dekinai = unspeakable.

8

市場の変動が実体経済に悪影響を及ぼす恐れがある。

There is a risk that market fluctuations will have a negative impact on the real economy.

Akueikyou wo oyobosu = to exert a bad influence.

1

人知を超えた存在への畏怖と恐れは、宗教の根源である。

Awe and fear toward an existence beyond human knowledge are the roots of religion.

Ifu = awe/reverence.

2

その条約が形骸化し、紛争が再燃する恐れを拭いきれない。

One cannot shake off the fear that the treaty will become a mere formality and conflict will reignite.

Nugui-kirenai = cannot wipe away/shake off.

3

恐れ多くも、陛下よりお言葉を賜った。

I most humbly received words from His Majesty.

Osore-ookumo = most humbly/graciously (used for royalty).

4

自己のアイデンティティが崩壊する恐れに、彼は苛まれていた。

He was tormented by the fear that his own identity was collapsing.

Saimareru = to be tormented.

5

文明の利器が人類を滅ぼす恐れというテーマは、古くて新しい。

The theme of the risk that the tools of civilization might destroy humanity is both old and new.

Bunmei no riki = tools/conveniences of civilization.

6

彼は権力者の不興を買う恐れを顧みず、真実を語った。

He spoke the truth without regard for the risk of incurring the powerful person's displeasure.

Kaerimizu = without regarding/looking back.

7

社会秩序が根底から覆される恐れが現実味を帯びてきた。

The fear that the social order would be overturned from its roots has begun to take on a sense of reality.

Genjitsumi wo obiru = to become realistic.

8

深淵をのぞく時、深淵もまたこちらをのぞいているのだという恐れ。

The fear that when you look into the abyss, the abyss also looks into you.

Reference to Nietzsche's quote.

Collocations courantes

恐れを抱く (harbor fear)
恐れがある (there is a risk)
恐れをなす (be intimidated)
恐れを知らない (fearless)
恐れを克服する (overcome fear)
恐れを植え付ける (instill fear)
恐れを孕む (be fraught with risk)
恐れを顧みない (disregard risk)
恐れを忘れる (forget fear)
恐れを拭う (wipe away fear)

Phrases Courantes

恐れ入ります (I am sorry/humbled)
恐れながら (With all due respect)
恐れ多くも (Most graciously/humbly)
〜の恐れがある (There is a risk of...)
失敗の恐れ (Fear of failure)
死の恐れ (Fear of death)
津波の恐れ (Danger of tsunami)
再発の恐れ (Risk of recurrence)
恐れをなして逃げる (Run away in fear)
恐れを知らぬ勇者 (A fearless hero)

Souvent confondu avec

恐れ vs 怖い (kowai)

Adjective for personal feeling vs. Noun for concept/risk.

恐れ vs 恐怖 (kyoufu)

Visceral terror vs. Formal risk/dread.

恐れ vs 可能性 (kanousei)

Neutral possibility vs. Negative risk (osore).

Expressions idiomatiques

"恐れ入る (To be filled with awe/to be amazed)"
"恐れをなす (To be struck with fear)"
"恐れを知らない (To be bold/reckless)"
"恐れおののく (To tremble with fear)"
"恐れながら申し上げる (To speak humbly/daringly)"
"恐れを抱く (To harbor a feeling of dread)"
"恐れをなして退く (To retreat in fear)"
"恐れを忘れて (Forgetting one's fear)"
"恐れを顧みず (Without regard for danger)"
"恐れ多くも (In a manner showing great reverence)"

Facile à confondre

恐れ vs

恐れ vs

恐れ vs

恐れ vs

恐れ vs

Structures de phrases

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Comment l'utiliser

formality

It is much more formal than 'kowai' or 'shinpai'.

humility link

Its use in honorifics is a key cultural feature.

negative bias

The word almost exclusively refers to negative or dangerous possibilities.

Erreurs courantes
  • Using 'osore' for small, personal fears.
  • Using 'osore ga aru' for positive events.
  • Forgetting the 'no' particle between nouns.
  • Confusing 'osore' with 'kyoufu' in visceral contexts.
  • Using 'osore-irimasu' with close friends (too formal).

Astuces

Negative Only

Only use 'osore ga aru' for bad things like rain, failure, or accidents.

The Magic Phrase

Memorize 'Osore-irimasu' to sound like a pro in Japanese shops.

The 'No' Particle

Always use 'no' when connecting a noun: 'Shippai NO osore'.

News Watch

Watch the weather forecast to hear 'osore' used naturally.

Formal Reports

Use 'osore' in business reports to discuss potential risks.

Awe vs Fear

Remember that 'osore' can mean 'awe' in religious or nature contexts.

Word Family

Learn 'osoreru' (verb) and 'osoroshii' (adj) together with 'osore'.

Tone Matters

Say 'osore' with a serious tone to match its formal weight.

Kanji Recognition

The kanji 恐 has 'heart' at the bottom, showing it's an emotion.

Social Distance

Using 'osore' helps maintain proper social distance in formal settings.

Mémorise-le

Origine du mot

Derived from the Old Japanese verb 'osoru'.

Contexte culturel

The concept of 'osore' is often linked to natural disasters like earthquakes, which are seen as inevitable risks.

The phrase 'Osore-irimasu' is a cornerstone of Japanese business etiquette.

Classic Japanese literature often explores 'osore' as a refined, poetic emotion.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Amorces de conversation

"将来にどんな恐れを持っていますか？ (What fears do you have for the future?)"

"「恐れ入ります」をいつ使いますか？ (When do you use 'osore-irimasu'?)"

"最近、何か恐れを感じたニュースはありますか？ (Is there any news recently that made you feel fear/risk?)"

"子供の頃、一番の恐れは何でしたか？ (What was your biggest fear as a child?)"

"失敗の恐れをどうやって克服しますか？ (How do you overcome the fear of failure?)"

Sujets d'écriture

私が今抱いている一番大きな恐れについて。 (About the biggest fear I harbor now.)

「恐れ入ります」と言われた時の気持ち。 (How I feel when someone says 'osore-irimasu' to me.)

社会における「恐れ」の役割。 (The role of 'fear' in society.)

恐れを克服した経験。 (An experience of overcoming fear.)

自然に対する恐れと敬意。 (Fear and respect toward nature.)

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

Technically yes, but it sounds very dramatic. Usually, you would use 'kowai'.

No. 'Osore' is only for bad things. 'Kanousei' is for anything.

It's a very polite way to say 'I'm sorry to bother you' or 'Thank you very much'.

Mostly in its polite form 'Osore-irimasu'. Otherwise, it's more for news and writing.

It is written as 恐れ.

Yes, in the sense of 'awe' or 'reverence' (畏怖).

Yes, it's a common intermediate word, especially for formal contexts.

Words like 'anshin' (peace of mind) or 'yuuki' (courage).

Yes, it means 'there is no risk' or 'there is no fear'.

Because it sounds objective and serious when reporting potential dangers.

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