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B2 noun #3,000 よく出る 9分で読める

اِعْتِرَاض

i'tirad
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解説 اِعْتِرَاض in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'iʿtirāḍ' yet, but you are learning the basic idea of saying 'no' or 'I don't like.' In Arabic, this is usually 'Lā' (No) or 'Lā uḥibb' (I don't like). However, it's helpful to know that 'iʿtirāḍ' is the big, formal word for 'No' when adults are talking about important things like laws or rules. Think of it as a very strong 'No' with a reason. Even at this level, you can start to recognize the sound of the word in news or formal videos. It's a noun, which means it's a 'thing'—the thing you say when you disagree. If a teacher asks if you agree with a homework plan, and you want to be very formal, you could say 'Lā iʿtirāḍ' (No objection), which means 'I am okay with it.' This is a cool way to sound very polite and advanced even when you are just starting.
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At the A2 level, you can begin to use 'iʿtirāḍ' in simple sentences to express that you have a problem with a plan. You might say 'Ladayya iʿtirāḍ' (I have an objection). This is more polite and formal than just saying 'I don't want.' You are learning that Arabic words often come in 'families.' The word 'iʿtirāḍ' comes from a root that means 'to show' or 'to be wide.' At this level, focus on the phrase 'iʿtirāḍ ʿalā' (objection to). For example, if your friends want to go to a restaurant you don't like, you could jokingly say, 'Ladayya iʿtirāḍ!' You are also learning that nouns in Arabic can be plural. The plural is 'iʿtirāḍāt.' If many people are unhappy with a rule, there are many 'iʿtirāḍāt.' This word helps you move from basic likes and dislikes to expressing formal opinions about everyday situations like school rules or travel plans.
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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'iʿtirāḍ' in more complex discussions about social issues or work. You are beginning to understand that this word is common in the news. You might read a headline about 'iʿtirāḍāt' against a new law. At this stage, you should practice using the word with verbs like 'qaddama' (to submit) or 'abda' (to express). You are also learning how to use the word in the context of debates. If you are practicing for a speaking exam, instead of saying 'He disagreed,' you can say 'He expressed an objection' (Abda iʿtirāḍan). This makes your Arabic sound much more professional. You should also be able to understand the word when you hear it in a slightly faster conversation, recognizing that the speaker is challenging an idea. You are starting to see the difference between 'iʿtirāḍ' (a specific objection) and 'muʿāraḍah' (general opposition).
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At the B2 level, 'iʿtirāḍ' is a critical vocabulary item, especially for academic and professional purposes. This is the level where you must use it to describe the relationship between different viewpoints. For example, in a TOEFL-style essay, you would use 'iʿtirāḍ' to explain how a lecturer disagrees with a reading passage. You should be able to use the word in various grammatical forms, such as 'iʿtirāḍuhu' (his objection) or 'iʿtirāḍātuhum' (their objections). You are also expected to know formal collocations like 'ḥaqqu l-iʿtirāḍ' (the right of veto/objection) and 'nuqṭat iʿtirāḍ' (point of order/objection). At this level, you understand the nuance: an 'iʿtirāḍ' is a reasoned, specific challenge. You can also use the verb form 'iʿtaraḍa' fluently. You should be able to write a formal letter or an essay using this word to structure your arguments, showing exactly where and why a certain plan or theory is being challenged.
At the C1 level, you use 'iʿtirāḍ' with the precision of a native speaker. You understand its legal, political, and philosophical implications. You can discuss the 'iʿtirāḍ' of a philosopher to a certain logic or the 'iʿtirāḍ' of a lawyer to a specific court procedure. You are familiar with technical terms like 'lāʾiḥah iʿtirāḍiyyah' (a formal memorandum of objections/appeals). You can use the word in sophisticated rhetorical structures, such as 'bi-la iʿtirāḍ' (without objection/unanimously) or 'raghma l-iʿtirāḍāt' (despite the objections). Your vocabulary includes synonyms like 'taḥaffuẓ' (reservation) and you know exactly when to choose 'iʿtirāḍ' over them to convey the right amount of force. You can follow fast-paced talk shows or legal debates where 'iʿtirāḍ' is used rapidly and in various idiomatic ways. You also understand the cultural nuances of how to voice an 'iʿtirāḍ' in different Arab societies, using the appropriate level of formality and politeness.
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At the C2 level, 'iʿtirāḍ' is a tool for mastery in both written and spoken discourse. You can analyze the etymological roots of the word and how it relates to concepts of 'interception' and 'presentation' in classical Arabic literature. You can use the word in highly specialized fields, such as constitutional law or advanced linguistics, where an 'iʿtirāḍ' might refer to a specific syntactic interruption (jumla iʿtirāḍiyya - parenthetical sentence). You are capable of writing comprehensive legal appeals or academic rebuttals where 'iʿtirāḍ' is the central theme. You understand the subtle irony or sarcasm that can be conveyed by using the word in certain contexts. You can effortlessly switch between the noun 'iʿtirāḍ' and its related forms (muʿtariḍ, iʿtirāḍī) to create varied and elegant prose. For you, the word is not just a vocabulary item but a concept that you can manipulate to express the finest shades of dissent, challenge, and intellectual positioning.
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اِعْتِرَاض 30秒で

  • Iʿtirāḍ is a formal Arabic noun meaning 'objection' or 'protest,' essential for expressing disagreement in professional, legal, and academic settings.
  • It is the Masdar of Form VIII verb 'iʿtaraḍa' and is almost always followed by the preposition 'ʿalā' (on/to).
  • Commonly heard in courtrooms, news reports (veto power), and academic debates, especially in TOEFL integrated tasks.
  • It differs from 'muʿāraḍah' (general opposition) and 'rafḍ' (flat rejection) by being a specific, reasoned challenge.
The Arabic word اِعْتِرَاض (iʿtirāḍ) is a powerful and versatile noun that primarily translates to 'objection,' 'protest,' or 'challenge.' Linguistically, it is the verbal noun (Masdar) of the Form VIII verb اِعْتَرَضَ (iʿtaraḍa). At its core, the word conveys the act of placing an obstacle or a counter-argument in the path of a statement, plan, or legal proceeding. In the context of the TOEFL iBT, particularly in the Integrated Speaking and Writing tasks, this word is essential because it describes the relationship between two sources—typically where a lecture challenges or 'objects' to the points made in a reading passage. Understanding iʿtirāḍ involves recognizing its formal weight; it is not merely a simple 'no' or a casual disagreement, but a structured expression of dissent.
Legal Context
In a courtroom, an 'iʿtirāḍ' is a formal protest raised by a lawyer during a trial to disallow a witness's testimony or other evidence which would be in violation of the rules of evidence.
Academic Discourse
In academic writing, it refers to a scholarly rebuttal or a counter-theory that questions the validity of existing research or hypotheses.
Diplomatic Usage
In international relations, it can signify a formal 'veto' or a diplomatic protest against a resolution or action taken by another state.
Historically, the root ʿ-r-ḍ relates to 'breadth' or 'showing,' suggesting that an objection is something 'presented' or 'laid across' a path to block it. This spatial metaphor is crucial for learners to visualize: you are physically or intellectually standing in the way of a moving idea.

قَدَّمَ المُحَامِي اِعْتِرَاضًا رَسْمِيًّا عَلَى قَرَارِ المَحْكَمَةِ.

This sentence illustrates the formal nature of the word, often paired with verbs like 'to submit' (qaddama). In daily life, you might hear a student expressing an iʿtirāḍ to a teacher's grading policy, or a citizen voicing an iʿtirāḍ to a new tax law. It implies a level of intellectual engagement; you aren't just unhappy, you have a specific reason for your opposition. The word is frequently used in news headlines regarding the UN Security Council, where 'right of objection' (haqq al-iʿtirāḍ) refers to the veto power of permanent members. For a B2 learner, mastering this word opens doors to discussing complex social, legal, and academic conflicts with precision. It is the bridge between simple disagreement and professional critique.
Using اِعْتِرَاض correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical role as a noun and its relationship with prepositions. The most common structure is [Noun/Subject] + [Verb] + اِعْتِرَاض + عَلَى + [Object of Objection]. Common verbs that accompany this noun include قَدَّمَ (to submit), أَبْدَى (to express/show), and سَجَّلَ (to record).
Expressing Opinion
'ليس لدي أي اعتراض' (I do not have any objection) is a standard way to show agreement or neutrality in a formal setting.
Formal Protests
'أثار القرار موجة من الاعتراضات' (The decision sparked a wave of objections) shows how the word is pluralized as 'iʿtirāḍāt'.
When writing for the TOEFL, you might say, 'The professor raises an iʿtirāḍ regarding the validity of the carbon dating method mentioned in the text.' In Arabic, this would be:

أَبْدَى البَاحِثُ اِعْتِرَاضَهُ عَلَى مَنْهَجِيَّةِ الدِّرَاسَةِ.

Note how the possessive pronoun 'his' (hu) is attached to the word: iʿtirāḍahu. This is very common in formal Arabic. Another frequent usage is 'نقطة اعتراض' (point of objection), often used in debates to signal that someone wants to interrupt with a correction. In legal terminology, 'لائحة اعتراضية' refers to a formal 'memorandum of objection' or an appeal document. For learners, it is important to distinguish between 'iʿtirāḍ' (the act of objecting) and 'muʿāraḍah' (the political opposition). While they overlap, 'iʿtirāḍ' is often more specific to a single point or action, whereas 'muʿāraḍah' is a broader stance. For instance, you might have an 'iʿtirāḍ' to one specific clause in a contract without being in 'muʿāraḍah' to the entire partnership. This nuance allows for more sophisticated communication in business and law. Using the word in the plural, iʿtirāḍāt, is essential when describing public outcries or multiple technical flaws in a proposal. For example: 'قُوبِلَ المَشْرُوعُ بِكَثِيرٍ مِنَ الِاعْتِرَاضَاتِ' (The project was met with many objections). Here, the preposition 'bi' (with) is used to show the reaction. Mastery of these patterns ensures that the speaker sounds professional and precise.
You will encounter اِعْتِرَاض in various high-stakes environments. The most prominent is the news media. When reporting on the United Nations, news anchors frequently discuss the 'right of veto,' which in Arabic is حَقُّ الِاعْتِرَاضِ (ḥaqqu l-iʿtirāḍ). This phrase is used when a permanent member of the Security Council blocks a resolution.

استخدمت الدولة حق الاعتراض ضد القرار.

In the legal sphere, if you watch Arabic courtroom dramas or news about trials, the phrase 'اعتراض، يا سيدي القاضي!' (Objection, Your Honor!) is the standard translation for the English legal interjection. It signifies a breach of protocol or an unfair question.
Corporate Meetings
During board meetings, a member might say, 'لدي اعتراض على هذه الميزانية' (I have an objection to this budget).
Parliamentary Debates
Members of parliament use the term to challenge the constitutionality of a proposed law.
In academic contexts, especially in university seminars, a professor might ask, 'هل هناك أي اعتراض على هذه الفرضية؟' (Is there any objection to this hypothesis?). This invites critical thinking and dissent. Furthermore, in the world of sports, particularly football (soccer), commentators might mention an 'iʿtirāḍ' when players protest a referee's decision on the pitch. This often leads to a yellow card for 'iʿtirāḍ' (dissent). In the digital age, you might see this word on online platforms or apps where users can 'object' to content or report it. The word carries a sense of active participation in a discourse. Whether it is a formal written document or a shouted protest in a stadium, iʿtirāḍ represents the moment where one's will or logic clashes with another's. For a language learner, hearing this word is a signal that a conflict of ideas is occurring, which is a key moment for comprehension in any advanced listening task.
One of the most frequent errors learners make with اِعْتِرَاض is using the wrong preposition. In English, we say 'objection TO,' but in Arabic, some learners mistakenly use لِـ (li-) or فِي (fī). The correct and only preposition to use for the target of the objection is عَلَى (ʿalā).

Incorrect: اعتراض لِلقرار (Objection for the decision)
Correct: اِعْتِرَاضٌ عَلَى القَرَارِ (Objection to the decision)

Another common mistake is confusing iʿtirāḍ with taʿāruḍ. While they look similar and share the same root, taʿāruḍ means 'conflict' or 'contradiction' (e.g., between two pieces of evidence), whereas iʿtirāḍ is the human act of objecting.
Confusion with 'Refusal'
Learners often use 'rafḍ' (refusal) when they mean 'iʿtirāḍ'. 'Rafḍ' is a final 'no,' while 'iʿtirāḍ' is the reason or the argument against something.
Pronunciation Errors
Merging the 't' (ت) and 'ḍ' (ض) sounds. They must be distinct; the 't' is light, and the 'ḍ' is a heavy, emphatic sound produced from the side of the tongue.
Additionally, learners sometimes forget that iʿtirāḍ is a noun. If you want to say 'I object,' you should use the verb أَعْتَرِضُ (aʿtariḍu) or the phrase لَدَيَّ اِعْتِرَاض (I have an objection). Using the noun in place of the verb is a common grammatical slip. In writing, ensure you don't confuse the spelling with اِعْتِرَاف (iʿtirāf), which means 'confession' or 'recognition.' Changing the last letter from 'ḍ' to 'f' completely flips the meaning from 'challenging something' to 'admitting something.' This is a critical distinction in legal and academic contexts. Finally, avoid using iʿtirāḍ for simple dislikes. If you don't like a type of food, you don't 'object' to it (iʿtirāḍ); you simply don't like it (lā uḥibbuhu). Reserve iʿtirāḍ for matters of principle, logic, rules, or formal plans. By avoiding these pitfalls, your Arabic will sound more natural and authoritative.
In Arabic, several words share the semantic space of 'disagreement,' but each carries a specific nuance. اِعْتِرَاض is best for a specific challenge to a specific point.
اِعْتِرَاض (iʿtirāḍ) vs. مُعَارَضَة (muʿāraḍah)
'Iʿtirāḍ' is usually an objection to a specific item or decision. 'Muʿāraḍah' is a broader, systemic opposition, such as a political opposition party.
اِعْتِرَاض (iʿtirāḍ) vs. رَفْض (rafḍ)
'Rafḍ' is a flat rejection or refusal. 'Iʿtirāḍ' is a reasoned challenge. You might 'object' (iʿtirāḍ) to a clause in a contract to negotiate it, but 'reject' (rafḍ) the entire contract.
اِعْتِرَاض (iʿtirāḍ) vs. اِحْتِجَاج (iḥtijāj)
'Iḥtijāj' is closer to 'protest' in the sense of a public demonstration or a formal grievance. While they are often synonyms, 'iḥtijāj' often implies a more vocal or public display.
Other alternatives include مُخَالَفَة (mukhālafah), which means 'disagreement' or 'violation,' often used when someone's opinion differs from the majority. There is also نَقْد (naqd), which means 'criticism.' While an objection is a type of criticism, naqd is broader and can be positive or negative, focusing on the evaluation of a work.

لَيْسَ هَذَا نَقْدًا بَنَّاءً، بَلْ هُوَ مُجَرَّدُ اِعْتِرَاضٍ عَبَثِيٍّ.

This sentence translates to: 'This is not constructive criticism; it is just a futile objection.' In academic writing, you might use 'shukūk' (doubts) or 'tafannīd' (refutation) for stronger disagreements. Understanding these synonyms allows a speaker to choose the exact level of intensity required for their context. For example, in a TOEFL integrated writing task, saying 'The lecturer provides an iʿtirāḍ' is more precise than saying 'The lecturer says no.' It shows you understand the structure of the academic argument.

How Formal Is It?

フォーマル

"يَتَقَدَّمُ الحِزْبُ بِاعْتِرَاضٍ رَسْمِيٍّ عَلَى نَتَائِجِ الِانْتِخَابَاتِ."

ニュートラル

"عِنْدِي اِعْتِرَاضٌ بَسِيطٌ عَلَى هَذَا الكَلَامِ."

カジュアル

"بَلَاش اِعْتِرَاضَات كُل شُوَيَّة!"

Child friendly

"لَا تَعْتَرِضْ عَلَى طَعَامِ أُمِّكَ."

スラング

"كَبِّر دِمَاغَك مِنْ الِاعْتِرَاض."

豆知識

The same root gives us 'ʿarīḍ' (wide) and 'maʿriḍ' (exhibition). So, when you object (iʿtirāḍ), you are literally 'exhibiting' a 'wide' obstacle in someone's path!

発音ガイド

UK /ɪʔ.tɪ.raːdˤ/
US /ɪʔ.tɪ.rædˤ/
The stress is on the third syllable: iʿti-RĀḌ.
韻が合う語
بَيَاض (bayāḍ - whiteness) رِيَاض (riyāḍ - gardens) فَيَاض (fayāḍ - overflowing) عَرِيض (ʿarīḍ - wide) مَرِيض (marīḍ - sick) حَرِيض (ḥarīḍ - eager) اِنْخِفَاض (inkhifāḍ - decrease) اِنْقِبَاض (inqibāḍ - contraction)
よくある間違い
  • Pronouncing 'ḍ' (ض) like a normal English 'd'. It must be emphatic.
  • Merging the 't' (ت) and the 'ḍ' (ض) into one sound.
  • Forgetting the glottal stop (hamzat al-wasl) at the beginning.
  • Shortening the long 'ā' vowel.
  • Pronouncing the final 'ḍ' like a 't'.

難易度

読解 4/5

Easy to recognize in texts but requires understanding of 'Idafa' and prepositions.

ライティング 6/5

Spelling the 'ḍ' (ض) and using 'ʿalā' correctly is key.

スピーキング 5/5

Requires clear pronunciation of emphatic letters.

リスニング 5/5

Often used in fast-paced news or debates.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

لَا رَفْض قَرَار فِكْرَة عَلَى

次に学ぶ

مُعَارَضَة اِحْتِجَاج تَفْنِيد تَحَفُّظ مُنَاقَشَة

上級

نَقْض اِسْتِئْنَاف طَعْن دَحْض مُمَاحَكَة

知っておくべき文法

Preposition 'ʿalā'

الاعتراض يكون دائماً *على* شيء.

Masdar of Form VIII

اعترض (فعل) -> اعتراض (مصدر).

Gender of Noun

الاعتراض كلمة مذكرة (Masculine).

Pluralization (Sound Feminine)

اعتراض -> اعتراضات.

Definite Article with Hamzat al-Wasl

الاعتراض (The 'A' is dropped in pronunciation after a vowel).

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レベル別の例文

1

لا اِعْتِرَاضَ عِنْدِي.

I have no objection.

Simple negation using 'la' with the noun.

2

هَلْ هُنَاكَ اِعْتِرَاضٌ؟

Is there an objection?

Question form using 'hal'.

3

هُوَ قَالَ: اِعْتِرَاض!

He said: Objection!

Direct speech usage.

4

أَنَا لَا أُحِبُّ هَذَا الِاعْتِرَاضَ.

I do not like this objection.

Using the noun as a direct object.

5

هَذَا اِعْتِرَاضٌ جَدِيدٌ.

This is a new objection.

Noun-adjective agreement.

6

لَيْسَ هُنَاكَ اِعْتِرَاضٌ كَبِيرٌ.

There is no big objection.

Negation with 'laysa'.

7

مَا هُوَ الِاعْتِرَاضُ؟

What is the objection?

Information question.

8

اِعْتِرَاضُكَ مَقْبُولٌ.

Your objection is accepted.

Noun with possessive suffix 'ka'.

1

لَدَيَّ اِعْتِرَاضٌ عَلَى هَذِهِ الفِكْرَةِ.

I have an objection to this idea.

Use of 'ladayya' (I have) and preposition 'ala'.

2

سَمِعْتُ اِعْتِرَاضًا مِنَ الجِيرَانِ.

I heard an objection from the neighbors.

Accusative case (tanwin fatha) as object.

3

قَدَّمَ الطَّالِبُ اِعْتِرَاضًا لِلْمُدِيرِ.

The student submitted an objection to the principal.

Past tense verb 'qaddama'.

4

الِاعْتِرَاضُ كَانَ بِسَبَبِ السِّعْرِ.

The objection was because of the price.

Subject of a 'kana' sentence.

5

نَحْنُ نَفْهَمُ اِعْتِرَاضَكَ.

We understand your objection.

Present tense verb 'nafhamu'.

6

هَذَا الِاعْتِرَاضُ غَيْرُ مُهِمٍّ.

This objection is not important.

Use of 'ghayr' for negation of adjective.

7

كَتَبْتُ اِعْتِرَاضِي فِي وَرَقَةٍ.

I wrote my objection on a paper.

Possessive 'i' suffix.

8

هَلْ قُبِلَ الِاعْتِرَاضُ؟

Was the objection accepted?

Passive voice 'qubila'.

1

أَبْدَى المُوَظَّفُونَ اِعْتِرَاضَهُمْ عَلَى سَاعَاتِ العَمَلِ.

The employees expressed their objection to the working hours.

Verb 'abda' (expressed) and plural suffix 'hum'.

2

رُفِضَ الِاعْتِرَاضُ لِأَنَّهُ جَاءَ مُتَأَخِّرًا.

The objection was rejected because it came late.

Causal clause with 'li'anna'.

3

يُمْكِنُكَ تَسْجِيلُ اِعْتِرَاضِكَ هُنَا.

You can record your objection here.

Modal verb 'yumkinu'.

4

كَانَ هُنَاكَ اِعْتِرَاضٌ شَدِيدٌ عَلَى القَانُونِ الجَدِيدِ.

There was a strong objection to the new law.

Adjective 'shadid' (strong) modifying the noun.

5

لَا تُوجَدُ اِعْتِرَاضَاتٌ كَثِيرَةٌ عَلَى الخُطَّةِ.

There are not many objections to the plan.

Plural noun 'i'tiradat'.

6

اِعْتِرَاضُكَ لَهُ مَبَرِّرَاتٌ قَوِيَّةٌ.

Your objection has strong justifications.

Nominal sentence structure.

7

أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَعْرِفَ سَبَبَ هَذَا الِاعْتِرَاضِ.

I want to know the reason for this objection.

Idafa construction 'sababa hadha l-i'tirad'.

8

لَمْ يَمْنَعِ الِاعْتِرَاضُ تَنْفِيذَ المَشْرُوعِ.

The objection did not prevent the project's execution.

Negation with 'lam'.

1

تَتَضَمَّنُ المُحَاضَرَةُ اِعْتِرَاضًا عَلَى نَظَرِيَّةِ الكَاتِبِ.

The lecture includes an objection to the author's theory.

Academic context, verb 'tatadamman' (includes).

2

اِسْتَخْدَمَتِ الدَّوْلَةُ حَقَّ الِاعْتِرَاضِ فِي مَجْلِسِ الأَمْنِ.

The country used the right of veto in the Security Council.

Fixed phrase 'haqq al-i'tirad'.

3

قَامَ المُحَامِي بِتَقْدِيمِ لَائِحَةِ اِعْتِرَاضٍ لِلْمَحْكَمَةِ.

The lawyer submitted a memorandum of objection to the court.

Legal terminology 'la'ihat i'tirad'.

4

يَجِبُ أَنْ يَكُونَ الِاعْتِرَاضُ مَبْنِيًّا عَلَى حَقَائِقَ.

The objection must be based on facts.

Passive participle 'mabniyyan'.

5

أَثَارَ الِاعْتِرَاضُ جَدَلًا وَاسِعًا بَيْنَ العُلَمَاءِ.

The objection sparked wide controversy among scientists.

Verb 'athara' (sparked/raised).

6

لَمْ يَكُنِ الِاعْتِرَاضُ كَافِيًا لِإِيقَافِ القَرَارِ.

The objection was not sufficient to stop the decision.

Adjective 'kafiyan' (sufficient).

7

نَحْنُ نَحْتَرِمُ اِعْتِرَاضَكَ وَلَكِنَّنَا سَنَسْتَمِرُّ.

We respect your objection, but we will continue.

Contrastive conjunction 'lakinnana'.

8

كُلُّ اِعْتِرَاضٍ يُؤَخِّرُ العَمَلَ لِمُدَّةِ أُسْبُوعٍ.

Every objection delays the work for a week.

Use of 'kull' (every).

1

يَرْتَكِزُ اِعْتِرَاضُ البَاحِثِ عَلَى ثَغَرَاتٍ فِي البَيَانَاتِ.

The researcher's objection is centered on gaps in the data.

Verb 'yartakizu' (centers/rests).

2

رَغْمَ الِاعْتِرَاضَاتِ المَنْطِقِيَّةِ، تَمَّ إِقْرَارُ المِيزَانِيَّةِ.

Despite the logical objections, the budget was approved.

Prepositional phrase 'raghma' (despite).

3

تُعَدُّ هَذِهِ الجُمْلَةُ جُمْلَةً اِعْتِرَاضِيَّةً لَا مَحَلَّ لَهَا مِنَ الإِعْرَابِ.

This sentence is considered a parenthetical sentence with no grammatical position.

Linguistic technical term 'jumla i'tiradiyya'.

4

لَا سَبِيلَ لِتَجَاوُزِ هَذَا الِاعْتِرَاضِ القَانُونِيِّ.

There is no way to bypass this legal objection.

Absolute negation 'la sabila'.

5

يَعْكِسُ هَذَا الِاعْتِرَاضُ عُمْقَ الخِلَافِ الفِكْرِيِّ.

This objection reflects the depth of the intellectual disagreement.

Verb 'ya'kisu' (reflects).

6

تَمَّ سَحْبُ المَشْرُوعِ نَتِيجَةً لِتَزَايُدِ الِاعْتِرَاضَاتِ الشَّعْبِيَّةِ.

The project was withdrawn as a result of increasing popular objections.

Complex causal phrase 'natijatan li'.

7

كُلُّ اِعْتِرَاضٍ يُقَدَّمُ يَجِبُ أَنْ يُرْفَقَ بِأَدِلَّةٍ.

Every objection submitted must be accompanied by evidence.

Passive verb 'yurfaqa' (accompanied).

8

اِعْتِرَاضُكَ هَذَا لَيْسَ فِي مَحَلِّهِ.

This objection of yours is misplaced/inappropriate.

Idiomatic expression 'laysa fi mahallihi'.

1

تَجَلَّى اِعْتِرَاضُ الفَيْلَسُوفِ فِي نَقْدِهِ لِلْعَقْلِ المَحْضِ.

The philosopher's objection was manifested in his critique of pure reason.

Verb 'tajalla' (manifested).

2

إِنَّ الِاعْتِرَاضَ الجَوْهَرِيَّ يكمن في المُنْطَلَقَاتِ الأَوَّلِيَّةِ.

The fundamental objection lies in the initial premises.

Verb 'yakmunu' (lies/is hidden).

3

صِيغَ الِاعْتِرَاضُ بِلُغَةٍ دُبْلُومَاسِيَّةٍ شَدِيدَةِ التَّهْذِيبِ.

The objection was phrased in highly polite diplomatic language.

Passive verb 'sigha' (phrased/formulated).

4

لَمْ يَكُنِ الِاعْتِرَاضُ إِلَّا ذَرِيعَةً لِتَعْطِيلِ المَفَاوَضَاتِ.

The objection was nothing but a pretext to stall the negotiations.

Restriction structure 'lam yakun illa'.

5

تَتَضَارَبُ الِاعْتِرَاضَاتُ حَوْلَ مَشْرُوعِيَّةِ هَذَا الإِجْرَاءِ.

Objections conflict regarding the legality of this procedure.

Verb 'tatadarabu' (conflict/clash).

6

يُشَكِّلُ هَذَا الِاعْتِرَاضُ حَجَرَ عَثْرَةٍ أَمَامَ التَّقَدُّمِ.

This objection constitutes a stumbling block to progress.

Metaphorical expression 'hajar 'athra'.

7

إِنَّ تَهْمِيشَ الِاعْتِرَاضَاتِ يُؤَدِّي إِلَى كَوَارِثَ تَنْظِيمِيَّةٍ.

Marginalizing objections leads to organizational disasters.

Masdar 'tahmish' (marginalizing).

8

تَسَامَتِ الِاعْتِرَاضَاتُ لِتُصْبِحَ رُؤْيَةً بَدِيلَةً لِلْوَاقِعِ.

The objections transcended to become an alternative vision of reality.

Verb 'tasamat' (transcended).

よく使う組み合わせ

قَدَّمَ اِعْتِرَاضًا
أَبْدَى اِعْتِرَاضَهُ
حَقُّ الِاعْتِرَاضِ
لَا اِعْتِرَاضَ
لَائِحَةُ اِعْتِرَاضٍ
نُقْطَةُ اِعْتِرَاضٍ
سَجَّلَ اِعْتِرَاضًا
اِعْتِرَاضٌ مَنْطِقِيٌّ
مَوْجَةُ اِعْتِرَاضَاتٍ
بِدُونِ اِعْتِرَاضٍ

よく使うフレーズ

لَيْسَ لَدَيَّ أَيُّ اِعْتِرَاضٍ

— I don't have any objection at all. Used to show full agreement.

ليس لدي أي اعتراض على الموعد.

اِعْتِرَاضٌ عَلَى الحُكْمِ

— Objection to the ruling. Specifically used in court cases.

قدم الدفاع اعتراضاً على الحكم.

رُوحُ الِاعْتِرَاضِ

— The spirit of objection/dissent. Used to describe someone who likes to disagree.

لديه دائماً روح الاعتراض.

اِعْتِرَاضٌ شَكْلِيٌّ

— Formal/Technical objection. An objection based on procedure, not content.

كان الاعتراض شكلياً فقط.

اِعْتِرَاضٌ جَوْهَرِيٌّ

— Substantial/Fundamental objection. A deep disagreement.

هناك اعتراض جوهري على المنهج.

قُوبِلَ بِالِاعْتِرَاضِ

— Was met with objection. Describes the reception of an idea.

قوبل اقتراحي بالاعتراض.

فَتْرَةُ الِاعْتِرَاضِ

— Objection period. The time allowed to challenge a decision.

انتهت فترة الاعتراض أمس.

اِعْتِرَاضٌ مُسَبَّقٌ

— Pre-emptive objection. Objecting before something happens.

أعلنوا عن اعتراض مسبق.

بَابُ الِاعْتِرَاضِ

— The door for objection. Opportunity to challenge.

باب الاعتراض مفتوح للجميع.

اِعْتِرَاضٌ ضِمْنِيٌّ

— Implicit objection. Disagreement shown through behavior, not words.

كان هناك اعتراض ضمني في صمته.

よく混同される語

اِعْتِرَاض vs اِعْتِرَاف

Means 'confession' or 'recognition'. Only one letter difference (ḍ vs f).

اِعْتِرَاض vs تَعَارُض

Means 'conflict' or 'contradiction' between things, not a human objection.

اِعْتِرَاض vs عَرِيضَة

Means a 'petition', which might contain objections but is the document itself.

慣用句と表現

"اِعْتَرَضَ طَرِيقَهُ"

— To block someone's path or waylay them. Literally to stand in the middle of the road.

اعترضت الشرطة طريق اللصوص.

Literary/General
"لَا اِعْتِرَاضَ عَلَى حُكْمِ اللهِ"

— One does not object to God's decree. Used during times of loss or hardship.

الحمد لله، لا اعتراض على حكم الله.

Religious/Social
"وَقَفَ حَجَرَ عَثْرَةٍ"

— To stand as a stumbling block. Often used when an objection stops progress.

وقف اعتراضه حجر عثرة أمامنا.

Literary
"خَرَجَ عَنِ الصَّفِّ"

— To leave the rank. Used when someone objects to a group consensus.

باعتراضه هذا، خرج عن الصف.

Metaphorical
"شَقَّ عَصَا الطَّاعَةِ"

— To break the staff of obedience. A very strong idiom for major rebellion or objection.

شققنا عصا الطاعة باعتراضنا هذا.

Classical/Formal
"سَبَحَ ضِدَّ التَّيَّارِ"

— To swim against the current. Objecting to a popular opinion.

هو دائماً يسبح ضد التيار باعتراضاته.

General
"وَضَعَ العَصَا فِي الدُّولَابِ"

— To put a stick in the wheel. To deliberately object to sabotage a process.

اعتراضك يضع العصا في الدولاب.

Informal/Idiomatic
"لَا يَنْبَغِي الِاعْتِرَاضُ لِمُجَرَّدِ الِاعْتِرَاضِ"

— One shouldn't object just for the sake of objecting. Against contrarianism.

توقف عن الكلام، لا تعترض لمجرد الاعتراض.

Educational
"صَوْتٌ نَشَازٌ"

— A discordant voice. Used for an objection that sounds out of place.

كان اعتراضه صوتاً نشازاً في الاجتماع.

Literary
"قَلَبَ الطَّاوِلَةَ"

— To flip the table. To raise an objection that changes everything.

باعتراضه المفاجئ، قلب الطاولة على الجميع.

Informal

間違えやすい

اِعْتِرَاض vs مُعَارَضَة

Both mean disagreement.

Iʿtirāḍ is specific; Muʿāraḍah is systemic or political.

اعترضت على بند واحد، لكني لست في المعارضة.

اِعْتِرَاض vs رَفْض

Both imply saying no.

Rafḍ is the outcome; Iʿtirāḍ is the argument.

أدى اعتراضي إلى رفض المشروع.

اِعْتِرَاض vs اِحْتِجَاج

Both are protests.

Iḥtijāj is often more vocal or public; Iʿtirāḍ is often more technical/legal.

قدمنا احتجاجاً شعبياً واعتراضاً قانونياً.

اِعْتِرَاض vs تَحَفُّظ

Both show hesitation.

Taḥaffuẓ is a soft reservation; Iʿtirāḍ is a firm challenge.

ليس لدي اعتراض، بل مجرد تحفظ.

اِعْتِرَاض vs مُخَالَفَة

Both show non-alignment.

Mukhālafah is a breach or simple difference; Iʿtirāḍ is an active counter-move.

هذه مخالفة للقانون تستوجب الاعتراض.

文型パターン

A2

لَدَيَّ اِعْتِرَاضٌ عَلَى [اسم]

لدي اعتراض على السعر.

B1

أَبْدَى [فَاعِل] اِعْتِرَاضَهُ عَلَى [اسم]

أبدى المدير اعتراضه على التأخير.

B2

قَدَّمَ [فَاعِل] اِعْتِرَاضًا رَسْمِيًّا لِـ [جهة]

قدم المحامي اعتراضاً للمحكمة.

B2

رَغْمَ [اسم]، إِلَّا أَنَّ هُنَاكَ اِعْتِرَاضَاتٍ

رغم النجاح، إلا أن هناك اعتراضات.

C1

يَكْمُنُ الِاعْتِرَاضُ فِي [اسم/جملة]

يكمن الاعتراض في طريقة التنفيذ.

C1

لَا سَبِيلَ لِقَبُولِ هَذَا الِاعْتِرَاضِ

لا سبيل لقبول هذا الاعتراض الواهي.

C2

تَسَامَى الِاعْتِرَاضُ لِيُصْبِحَ [اسم]

تسامى الاعتراض ليصبح ثورة فكرية.

C2

صِيغَ الِاعْتِرَاضُ بِطَرِيقَةٍ [نعت]

صيغ الاعتراض بطريقة فلسفية معقدة.

語族

名詞

動詞

形容詞

関連

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使い方

frequency

High in formal Arabic; Medium in daily speech.

よくある間違い
  • اعتراض لـ (iʿtirāḍ li-) → اعتراض على (iʿtirāḍ ʿalā)

    Arabic uses the preposition 'ʿalā' (on/against) for objections, not 'li' (for).

  • Confusing with 'Confession' → اعتراض (Objection) vs اعتراف (Confession)

    The last letter 'ḍ' vs 'f' changes the entire meaning. Don't admit to a crime when you mean to object to it!

  • Using as a verb → لدي اعتراض (I have an objection)

    Iʿtirāḍ is a noun. To say 'I object', use the verb 'Aʿtariḍu' or the noun with 'Ladayya'.

  • Pronouncing 'ḍ' as 'z' → iʿtirāḍ

    In some dialects, 'ḍ' sounds like 'z' or 'dh', but in Modern Standard Arabic, it is a distinct emphatic 'd'.

  • Using for 'Dislike' → لا أحب (I don't like)

    Don't use 'iʿtirāḍ' for personal taste. Use it for rules, logic, and formal plans.

ヒント

Preposition Power

Always pair 'iʿtirāḍ' with 'ʿalā'. It is the most common mistake for non-native speakers to use 'li-' or 'fī'.

Academic Precision

Use 'iʿtirāḍ' in your TOEFL essays to describe how a lecturer challenges a reading passage. It sounds very academic.

The Heavy D

Make sure the final 'ḍ' (ض) is deep and emphatic. If you say it like a light 'd', it might sound like 'iʿtirād' (which isn't a word) or 'iʿtirāf' (confession).

Polite Dissent

In Arab culture, start your objection with 'Maʿa kull al-iḥtirām' (With all respect) to keep the conversation friendly.

Courtroom Ready

If you watch an Arabic movie, listen for 'Iʿtirāḍ!'. It's exactly like 'Objection!' in English legal dramas.

Plural Usage

Use 'iʿtirāḍāt' when you want to show that many people are unhappy or there are many flaws in a plan.

News Keywords

When you hear 'ḥaqq al-iʿtirāḍ' on the news, you know they are talking about international politics and vetoes.

Parentheticals

In advanced writing, use 'iʿtirāḍiyya' to add extra information within a sentence, just like using brackets.

Recording Dissent

In a meeting, say 'Urīdu tasjīl iʿtirāḍī' (I want to record my objection) to be taken seriously.

Spatial Root

Remember that the root means 'wide'. An objection is a 'wide' thing blocking a narrow path.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of the word 'Inter-Road'. Iʿtirāḍ sounds a bit like 'inter' and it means placing a 'road'block in an argument.

視覚的連想

Imagine a large 'X' mark or a person standing with arms wide open, blocking a doorway. The word 'iʿtirāḍ' is that 'X' on a plan.

Word Web

law protest veto debate reason obstacle challenge no

チャレンジ

Try to use 'iʿtirāḍ' in three different contexts today: once for a rule, once for a plan, and once in a joke with a friend.

語源

From the Arabic root ʿ-r-ḍ (ع ر ض), which fundamentally relates to the concept of 'breadth,' 'width,' or 'presenting something.' In Form VIII (iʿtaraḍa), the meaning shifts to 'interposing' or 'placing oneself across something.'

元の意味： To intercept, to come across, or to present an obstacle.

Semitic (Afroasiatic)

文化的な背景

Be careful when objecting in highly hierarchical social settings. Use softening phrases like 'Law samāḥta' (If you permit).

In English, 'objection' is heavily associated with courtrooms. In Arabic, 'iʿtirāḍ' is equally legal but also very common in academic and daily formal speech.

The UN Security Council Veto (Haqq al-Iʿtirāḍ) Legal dramas like 'Al-Mahkama' Grammar books discussing 'Al-Jumla al-Iʿtirāḍiyya'

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Courtroom

  • اعتراض يا سيدي القاضي
  • تقديم لائحة اعتراض
  • قبول الاعتراض
  • رفض الاعتراض

Academic Debate

  • اعتراض على الفرضية
  • نقطة اعتراض
  • إبداء الاعتراض
  • اعتراض منطقي

Politics/News

  • حق الاعتراض
  • موجة اعتراضات
  • اعتراض شعبي
  • اعتراض دولي

Business

  • اعتراض على الميزانية
  • تسجيل اعتراض
  • لا اعتراض على الخطة
  • فترة الاعتراض

Sports

  • اعتراض على الحكم
  • بطاقة صفراء للاعتراض
  • كثرة الاعتراضات
  • اعتراض اللاعبين

会話のきっかけ

"هل لديك أي اعتراض على خطة الرحلة القادمة؟"

"لماذا قدم الجيران اعتراضاً على بناء الحديقة؟"

"ما هو أقوى اعتراض سمعته ضد هذه النظرية؟"

"هل تعتقد أن حق الاعتراض في مجلس الأمن عادل؟"

"كيف تعبر عن اعتراضك بطريقة مؤدبة في العمل؟"

日記のテーマ

اكتب عن موقف اضطررت فيه لتقديم اعتراض رسمي في مدرستك أو عملك.

ناقش أهمية وجود 'حق الاعتراض' في القرارات الجماعية.

هل سبق وأن اعترضت على قرار والديك؟ ماذا كانت النتيجة؟

اكتب رسالة اعتراض تخيلية لشركة باعت لك منتجاً تالفاً.

كيف يمكن للاعتراضات أن تساعد في تحسين جودة البحث العلمي؟

よくある質問

10 問

'Iʿtirāḍ' is usually an objection to a specific point or action (like an objection in court). 'Muʿāraḍah' refers to a broader opposition, often used for political parties or systemic disagreement.

Yes, in almost all cases where you are specifying what you object to, you must use 'ʿalā'. For example: 'Iʿtirāḍ ʿalā al-qānūn' (Objection to the law).

Yes, in the context of the UN Security Council, 'ḥaqq al-iʿtirāḍ' is the standard term for 'the right of veto'.

It is a masculine noun (mudhakkar). You say 'iʿtirāḍ shadīd' (strong objection), not 'shadīda'.

In a legal context, it is 'Al-iʿtirāḍ maqbūl' (The objection is accepted).

It is a grammatical term for a parenthetical sentence—a phrase inserted into a sentence that is not part of its primary grammatical structure.

Yes, it's very common when players argue with a referee's decision. This is called 'iʿtirāḍ ʿalā al-ḥakam'.

The verb is 'iʿtaraḍa' (Form VIII). It means 'to object' or 'to intercept'.

Only if you are formally objecting to the *quality* or *rule* of the food. If you just don't like it, use 'lā uḥibbu'.

It is a formal 'memorandum of objection,' often used as an appeal document in legal systems.

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自分をテスト 61 問

writing

Write a sentence using 'iʿtirāḍ' and 'ʿalā'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Translate: 'The lawyer submitted an objection.'

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
writing

Explain in one sentence why a student might have an 'iʿtirāḍ'.

Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Record yourself saying: 'Lā iʿtirāḍ ladayya.'

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
speaking

Explain a 'veto' using the word 'iʿtirāḍ'.

Read this aloud:

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
listening

Listen to the sentence: 'Qaddama al-muḥāmī iʿtirāḍan rasmīyan.' What did the lawyer do?

正解！ おしい！ 正解:
正解！ おしい！ 正解:

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