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A2 noun #1,800 よく出る 8分で読める

جهود

juhud 上位1,800

練習する例文メモとヒント جهود 30秒で

解説 جهود in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should know that 'juhūd' (جهود) means 'efforts'. It is the plural of 'jahd' (effort). You can use it in very simple sentences to talk about working hard. For example, you can say 'شكراً لجهودك' (Shukran li-juhūdik) which means 'Thank you for your efforts'. This is a very polite and common phrase. Even at this early stage, knowing this word helps you sound more natural and appreciative. You don't need to worry about complex grammar yet; just remember that it refers to more than one effort or a lot of work. Think of it as the 'work' you put into learning Arabic! You might see it in simple signs or hear it when someone finishes a task. It's a positive word that makes people feel good about their work. It's also helpful to know that the root of this word is related to 'working hard'. In A1, we focus on the most common use: thanking people. You can also say 'أنا أبذل جهوداً' (I am making efforts) to tell your teacher you are trying your best. This shows you are a dedicated student. Remember, Arabic speakers value hard work, so using this word will always be received well. It's a building block for more formal Arabic later on.

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At the A2 level, you begin to use 'juhūd' in more varied contexts, such as school and work. You should understand that 'juhūd' is a 'broken plural' and that it usually takes feminine singular adjectives because it is a non-human plural. For example, 'جهود كبيرة' (great efforts). You will start to see it in short news clips or read it in simple stories. You can use it to describe what a group of people did together. For instance, 'جهودنا مشتركة' (Our efforts are joint). This level is about expanding your ability to describe actions. You can now use verbs like 'بذل' (to exert) with 'juhūd'. A common sentence at this level would be 'بذل الفريق جهوداً كبيرة للفوز' (The team exerted great efforts to win). You should also be able to recognize it in the 'Idafa' construction, like 'جهود الإغاثة' (relief efforts). This word helps you move beyond simple verbs like 'work' and 'try' into more specific nouns that describe the quality of work. It is also a key word for social interaction; acknowledging someone's 'juhūd' is a sign of good manners (Adab). In your writing, try to use it when summarizing a project or a day's work. It adds a professional touch to your A2-level compositions.

At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'juhūd' in a wide range of topics, including social issues, history, and basic professional communication. You will encounter it frequently in newspaper headlines and official reports. You should be able to use more sophisticated adjectives with it, such as 'حثيثة' (tireless) or 'متواصلة' (continuous). For example, 'بفضل الجهود المتواصلة، تحسن الوضع' (Thanks to continuous efforts, the situation improved). At this level, you should also understand the difference between 'juhūd' and its synonyms like 'مساعي' (endeavors) or 'محاولات' (attempts). You can start using 'juhūd' in the passive voice or with more complex sentence structures. For instance, 'تُبذل جهود كبيرة لحل المشكلة' (Great efforts are being exerted to solve the problem). This shows a higher level of grammatical control. You will also notice 'juhūd' in cultural discussions, perhaps referring to the 'efforts' of historical figures to improve society. In your speaking, you can use it to express opinions on government policies or community projects. It is a word that allows you to talk about collective action and social responsibility with more precision. You should also be aware of the 'juhūd' involved in scientific or academic research, using phrases like 'جهود بحثية' (research efforts).

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At the B2 level, 'juhūd' becomes a tool for nuanced expression in professional and academic Arabic. You are expected to use it in complex 'Idafa' structures and with a variety of sophisticated verbs. You might discuss 'تضافر الجهود' (the joining of efforts) or 'تنسيق الجهود' (coordination of efforts) in the context of international relations or large-scale business projects. Your vocabulary should include collocations like 'جهود دؤوبة' (persistent efforts) or 'جهود جبارة' (Herculean efforts). At this level, you can analyze texts that use 'juhūd' to describe abstract concepts like 'intellectual efforts' (جهود فكرية) or 'diplomatic efforts' (جهود دبلوماسية). You should be able to write reports or give presentations where 'juhūd' is used to evaluate performance or outline future plans. For example, 'يجب أن تتركز جهودنا على الابتكار' (Our efforts must focus on innovation). You will also encounter the word in more literary or rhetorical contexts, where it might be used to emphasize the struggle of a protagonist or the development of a nation. Understanding the rhetorical weight of 'juhūd'—how it can be used to inspire or to validate—is key at this level. You should also be able to distinguish between 'juhūd' and 'ijthād' in a legal or religious context, understanding the specific technical meanings they carry.

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At the C1 level, your use of 'juhūd' should be indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker. You will use it in highly formal contexts, such as legal documents, academic theses, and high-level political discourse. You should be able to appreciate the stylistic choices made by authors who use 'juhūd' in specific ways to create emphasis or rhythm in their prose. For example, using 'juhūd' in a series of parallel structures to highlight the multi-faceted nature of a project. You will understand the historical and etymological depth of the word, recognizing its connection to the broader concept of 'Jihad' in its linguistic sense of 'striving'. You can discuss 'جهود الاستشراق' (Orientalist efforts) or 'جهود التحديث' (modernization efforts) with a deep understanding of the historical implications. Your ability to use 'juhūd' with rare or highly specific adjectives and verbs will be evident. For instance, 'أثمرت الجهود' (The efforts bore fruit) or 'تقوضت الجهود' (The efforts were undermined). At this level, you are not just using the word; you are manipulating it to suit the specific tone and register of your communication. You can also use it in philosophical discussions about the nature of human effort and its relationship to fate or success. Your mastery of 'juhūd' reflects your overall mastery of the Arabic language's ability to express complex human endeavors.

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At the C2 level, you possess a masterly command of 'juhūd' and its place within the vast landscape of Arabic literature and formal rhetoric. You can use the word to engage in high-level critiques of social or political movements, analyzing the 'juhūd' of various actors with precision and irony if necessary. You are comfortable with the word's appearance in classical texts as well as modern technical jargon. You can use 'juhūd' in creative writing to evoke a sense of epic struggle or quiet dedication, choosing your collocations with an eye for poetic resonance. For example, 'جهودٌ تذروها الرياح' (efforts scattered by the winds). You understand the subtle differences in how 'juhūd' is used across different Arabic dialects in formal speech, and you can adapt your own usage accordingly. Your command of the word extends to its use in complex metaphors and idiomatic expressions that might be obscure to lower-level learners. You can lead seminars or write editorials where 'juhūd' is a central theme, discussing the 'collective efforts' required for civilizational progress. At this level, 'juhūd' is no longer just a vocabulary item; it is a versatile instrument in your linguistic repertoire, used to convey the full spectrum of human striving with elegance, precision, and cultural depth.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

جهود 30秒で

Juhūd is the Arabic word for 'efforts', used to describe hard work and determined attempts.
It is a plural noun (singular: jahd) and is common in news, work, and school.
Grammatically, it is a non-human plural, usually paired with feminine singular adjectives like 'kabīra'.
Commonly used with verbs like 'bathala' (exert) and 'shakara' (thank) to acknowledge dedication.

The word جهود is the plural form of the Arabic noun جهد (jahd), which translates to 'effort' or 'exertion'. In its plural form, it refers to a series of vigorous, determined, or collective attempts aimed at achieving a specific goal. Unlike a single action, 'juhūd' implies a sustained application of energy, often involving multiple people or various stages of work. It is a word that carries a positive connotation of hard work, dedication, and persistence. In the context of daily life, it can refer to the study efforts of a student, the labor of workers, or the strategic initiatives of a government. The beauty of this word lies in its breadth; it covers everything from physical labor to intellectual striving. When you speak of 'juhūd', you are acknowledging the sweat, time, and mental energy invested in a cause.

Etymological Root: Derived from the root (ج-ه-د), which signifies striving, struggling, or working hard. This is the same root that gives us 'Jihad' (struggle) and 'Ijtihad' (intellectual exertion).

تكللت جهود الفريق بالنجاح الباهر في المشروع الجديد.

The team's efforts were crowned with brilliant success in the new project.

In modern Arabic, 'juhūd' is frequently used in official and formal contexts. You will hear it in news broadcasts discussing 'international efforts' (جهود دولية) or 'humanitarian efforts' (جهود إنسانية). It suggests a level of seriousness and commitment. For a learner at the A2 level, understanding this word is crucial because it allows you to express appreciation for work done by others. Instead of just saying 'good work', saying 'I appreciate your efforts' (أقدر جهودك) adds a layer of formal respect and linguistic depth. It is also a versatile noun that pairs with many verbs, such as 'to exert' (بذل) or 'to combine' (تضافر). Understanding 'juhūd' is not just about learning a plural noun; it is about understanding the value placed on hard work in Arabic-speaking cultures.

Semantic Range: Includes physical exertion, mental concentration, diplomatic negotiations, and charitable work.

بذل الطالب جهوداً كبيرة لاجتياز الامتحان.

Synonym Note: Often compared to 'masā'ī' (مساعي), which means 'endeavors' or 'pursuits', but 'juhūd' implies more raw energy and work.

نحن نقدر جهودكم في خدمة المجتمع.

Using the word جهود correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a broken plural (جمع تكسير) and its common collocations. In a sentence, 'juhūd' usually acts as the object of a verb that describes 'giving' or 'exerting'. The most common verb used with it is بذل (bathala), which means 'to exert' or 'to spend'. For example, 'بذل جهوداً جبارة' (He exerted Herculean efforts). Because it is a plural noun, any adjectives following it must also be plural and feminine (since non-human plurals are treated as feminine singular in grammar), such as 'جهود حثيثة' (tireless efforts) or 'جهود كبيرة' (great efforts).

Common Verbs: بذل (to exert), شكر (to thank), قدر (to appreciate), وحد (to unite), تضافر (to combine/collaborate).

يجب أن نوحد جهودنا لمواجهة هذا التحدي.

We must unite our efforts to face this challenge.

Another important aspect of using 'juhūd' is its role in the 'Idafa' construction (possessive structure). You will often see it followed by a noun that specifies the type of effort. For instance, 'جهود الإغاثة' (relief efforts) or 'جهود السلام' (peace efforts). In these cases, 'juhūd' is the first part of the Idafa and takes the case marking required by its position in the sentence, while the second noun is always in the genitive case. This is a very productive way to build vocabulary; by learning 'juhūd', you can now describe dozens of different professional and social activities simply by adding a noun after it.

Adjective Pairings: حثيثة (tireless), جبارة (mighty), متواصلة (continuous), مشتركة (joint).

شكراً على جهودكم الرائعة.

Prepositional Use: Often used with 'في' (in) or 'من أجل' (for the sake of).

هناك جهود دولية لحماية البيئة.

The word جهود is ubiquitous in the Arab world, appearing in formal, semi-formal, and even some informal contexts. If you turn on a news channel like Al Jazeera or Al Arabiya, you are almost guaranteed to hear it within the first ten minutes. It is the standard term for diplomatic activity, humanitarian aid, and government initiatives. For example, news anchors often report on 'جهود الوساطة' (mediation efforts) in regional conflicts. In the workplace, managers use it to motivate their staff or to acknowledge the completion of a difficult task. It is a word that signals professionalism and recognition of labor.

Media Context: Used to describe political negotiations, environmental campaigns, and scientific research.

تستمر جهود البحث عن المفقودين تحت الأنقاض.

Efforts to search for the missing under the rubble continue.

In educational settings, teachers use 'juhūd' to praise students. A teacher might say, 'أنا فخور بجهودك هذا الفصل' (I am proud of your efforts this semester). This makes the word part of the essential vocabulary for anyone working or studying in an Arabic-speaking environment. Furthermore, in the non-profit sector, 'juhūd' is the primary word used to describe the work of volunteers and NGOs. It carries a sense of collective social responsibility. Even in sports, commentators will talk about the 'جهود اللاعبين' (players' efforts) on the field, especially after a grueling match. It is a word that bridges the gap between the high-flown language of diplomacy and the practical language of everyday hard work.

Workplace Usage: Common in performance reviews, team meetings, and project reports.

بفضل جهودكم، حققنا أهدافنا السنوية.

Sports Context: Used to describe the physical stamina and tactical work of athletes.

أثنى المدرب على جهود الفريق في المباراة.

One of the most common mistakes learners make with جهود is confusing it with its singular form جهد (jahd) or other related words from the same root. While 'jahd' refers to the abstract concept of effort or a single instance of it, 'juhūd' is almost always used when referring to a collective or sustained set of actions. Using the singular when the plural is expected can make your Arabic sound slightly unnatural, especially in formal settings. Another mistake is confusing 'juhūd' with 'jihād'. While they share the same root, 'jihād' has a specific religious and struggle-oriented meaning, whereas 'juhūd' is the general, secular word for 'efforts'.

Singular vs. Plural: Don't say 'بذل جهد' when you mean the various activities a team did; use 'بذل جهوداً'.

خطأ: شكرت المدير على جهده (Unless referring to one specific act).
صح: شكرت المدير على جهوده.

Another common error involves gender agreement with adjectives. Because 'juhūd' is a non-human plural, many learners mistakenly use a masculine plural adjective (like 'كبار' - kibār) instead of the feminine singular adjective (like 'كبيرة' - kabīra). Remember the rule: non-human plurals = feminine singular. So, it is 'جهودٌ كبيرة' and not 'جهودٌ كبار'. Additionally, learners sometimes confuse 'juhūd' with 'ijthād' (اجتهاد). While 'ijthād' means diligence or individual scholarly effort, 'juhūd' is more about the externalized work or the result of that diligence. Finally, ensure you don't confuse the pronunciation with 'judūd' (جدود), which means 'grandfathers'. The 'h' sound in the middle of 'juhūd' is vital.

Adjective Agreement: Always use feminine singular adjectives: جهودٌ مكثفة، جهودٌ جبارة.

تطلبت الخطة جهوداً حثيثة (Correct) vs جهوداً حثيثين (Incorrect).

Preposition Mistakes: Use 'بذل جهوداً في' (exerted efforts in) rather than 'على' (on) in most cases.

بذلنا جهوداً كبيرة في تنظيم الحفل.

To truly master جهود, it helps to compare it with other Arabic words that mean 'attempts' or 'work'. The most common synonym is مساعي (masā'ī). While both can be translated as 'efforts', 'masā'ī' often carries a connotation of 'endeavors' or 'steps taken toward a goal', particularly in diplomatic or formal mediation contexts. 'Juhūd' is more about the energy and labor itself, while 'masā'ī' is about the path or the process. Another similar word is محاولات (muḥāwalāt), which means 'attempts'. However, 'muḥāwalāt' can sometimes imply a trial-and-error process or even a failed attempt, whereas 'juhūd' almost always implies serious, productive work.

Juhūd vs. Masā'ī: Juhūd = Raw energy/work. Masā'ī = Diplomatic steps/endeavors.

تكللت مساعي الصلح بالنجاح.

The reconciliation endeavors were successful.

Another word to consider is أعمال (a'māl), which means 'works' or 'deeds'. 'A'māl' is a very broad term that can refer to anything from artistic works to business operations. 'Juhūd' is more specific to the exertion behind those works. For instance, you might say 'The building is one of his works (a'māl), but it required great efforts (juhūd) to complete'. There is also طاقة (ṭāqa), which means 'energy' or 'capacity'. While 'juhūd' is the application of energy, 'ṭāqa' is the potential energy one has. In a sentence, you might say 'He used all his energy (ṭāqa) in his efforts (juhūd)'. Understanding these nuances helps you choose the most precise word for your context.

Juhūd vs. Muḥāwalāt: Juhūd implies seriousness and labor; Muḥāwalāt simply implies trying (could be successful or not).

قام بعدة محاولات لفتح الباب.

Word Nuance: 'Kifāḥ' (struggle) is even stronger than 'juhūd' and often has political or existential overtones.

نقدر جهودكم المخلصة في العمل.

How Formal Is It?

難易度

知っておくべき文法

Non-human plural agreement

Idafa construction

Broken plural patterns (Fu'ūl)

Adjective-Noun agreement

Direct objects in the accusative case

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レベル別の例文

شكراً لجهودكم.

Thank you for your efforts.

Simple preposition 'li' (for) + plural noun 'juhūd'.

أنا أقدر جهودك.

I appreciate your efforts.

Direct object of the verb 'aqdir' (I appreciate).

هذه جهود طيبة.

These are good efforts.

Demonstrative pronoun 'hādhihi' (feminine singular) for non-human plural.

بذل الولد جهوداً.

The boy made efforts.

Verb 'bathala' (exerted) with indefinite plural object.

أين جهود الفريق؟

Where are the team's efforts?

Interrogative sentence with Idafa construction.

نحن نحب جهودك.

We love your efforts.

Present tense verb with plural object.

جهودك مباركة.

Your efforts are blessed.

Subject-predicate sentence with feminine singular adjective.

كل جهودك مهمة.

All your efforts are important.

Use of 'kull' (all) with the plural noun.

بذل العمال جهوداً كبيرة لبناء البيت.

The workers exerted great efforts to build the house.

Plural subject with feminine singular adjective 'kabīra'.

تكللت جهودنا بالنجاح في النهاية.

Our efforts were crowned with success in the end.

Passive-like verb 'takallalat' (was crowned) used with 'juhūd'.

نحن نقدر جهود المعلمين في المدرسة.

We appreciate the efforts of the teachers in the school.

Idafa construction: 'juhūd al-mu'allimīn'.

هل رأيت جهود الإغاثة في التلفاز؟

Did you see the relief efforts on TV?

Idafa construction: 'juhūd al-ighātha'.

تتطلب الدراسة جهوداً متواصلة.

Studying requires continuous efforts.

Verb 'tataṭallab' (requires) with feminine singular adjective.

شكراً على جهودكم الرائعة في الحفل.

Thank you for your wonderful efforts at the party.

Preposition 'ala' (on/for) with plural noun and adjective.

يجب أن نوحد جهودنا لتنظيف الحديقة.

We must unite our efforts to clean the park.

Verb 'nuwaḥḥid' (unite) with first-person plural possessive.

بذلت الحكومة جهوداً لتحسين الطرق.

The government made efforts to improve the roads.

Feminine singular verb 'bathalat' for a collective noun 'hukūma'.

أثمرت الجهود الدولية عن اتفاق سلام جديد.

International efforts resulted in a new peace agreement.

Verb 'athmarat' (bore fruit/resulted) with 'an'.

تضافرت جهود الجميع لإخماد الحريق الكبير.

Everyone's efforts combined to put out the big fire.

Reciprocal verb 'tadāfarat' (joined together).

هناك جهود حثيثة لحماية الحيوانات المهددة بالانقراض.

There are tireless efforts to protect endangered animals.

Use of the sophisticated adjective 'ḥathītha' (tireless).

رغم كل الجهود، لم نتمكن من إصلاح الجهاز.

Despite all the efforts, we couldn't fix the device.

Prepositional phrase 'raghma' (despite) with 'kull'.

تستحق هذه الجهود التقدير والاحترام.

These efforts deserve appreciation and respect.

Verb 'tastaḥiqq' (deserve) with 'juhūd' as subject.

تركزت جهود البحث على إيجاد علاج للمرض.

Research efforts focused on finding a cure for the disease.

Passive-reflexive verb 'tarakkazat' (focused).

بذل المهندسون جهوداً مضنية لتصميم الجسر.

The engineers exerted strenuous efforts to design the bridge.

Adjective 'muḍniya' (strenuous/exhausting).

لا يمكن إنكار جهود الشباب في النهضة الوطنية.

The efforts of the youth in the national renaissance cannot be denied.

Negative passive construction 'lā yumkin inkār'.

تتطلب مكافحة الفقر جهوداً جبارة ومنسقة.

Fighting poverty requires Herculean and coordinated efforts.

Adjectives 'jabbāra' (mighty) and 'munassaqa' (coordinated).

أشاد المدير بالجهود الدؤوبة التي بذلها الموظفون.

The manager praised the persistent efforts exerted by the employees.

Relative clause 'allatī bathalahā' describing 'al-juhūd'.

يجب تكثيف الجهود الدبلوماسية لتجنب الصراع.

Diplomatic efforts must be intensified to avoid conflict.

Verbal noun 'takthīf' (intensifying) in Idafa.

ضاعت جهوده سدى بسبب سوء التخطيط.

His efforts went in vain due to poor planning.

Idiomatic expression 'ḍā'at sudā' (went in vain).

تعتبر هذه الجهود خطوة هامة نحو التنمية المستدامة.

These efforts are considered an important step toward sustainable development.

Passive verb 'tu'tabar' (is considered).

بذل الكاتب جهوداً فكرية كبيرة في تأليف كتابه.

The writer exerted great intellectual efforts in composing his book.

Abstract adjective 'fikriyya' (intellectual).

تتضافر الجهود المحلية والدولية لمواجهة التغير المناخي.

Local and international efforts are combining to face climate change.

Parallel adjectives 'maḥalliyya' and 'duwaliyya'.

لا بد من توحيد الجهود لضمان نجاح المشروع.

It is necessary to unite efforts to ensure the project's success.

Expression 'lā budda min' (it is necessary).

تكللت الجهود المضنية بالنجاح بعد سنوات من البحث.

The strenuous efforts were crowned with success after years of research.

Use of 'takallalat' with the adjective 'muḍniya'.

يجب أن تنصب الجهود على معالجة جذور المشكلة.

Efforts must be directed toward addressing the roots of the problem.

Verb 'tansabb' (to be poured/directed).

رغم الجهود المبذولة، لا تزال هناك فجوة كبيرة.

Despite the efforts exerted, there is still a large gap.

Passive participle 'al-mabthūla' as an adjective.

أثنى النقاد على الجهود الإبداعية في الفيلم الجديد.

Critics praised the creative efforts in the new film.

Adjective 'ibdā'iyya' (creative).

تتطلب هذه المرحلة جهوداً استثنائية من الجميع.

This stage requires exceptional efforts from everyone.

Adjective 'istithnā'iyya' (exceptional).

تضافرت الجهود الرامية إلى تعزيز حقوق الإنسان.

Efforts aimed at promoting human rights combined.

Active participle 'al-rāmiya' (aiming).

تجسد هذه المبادرة جهود الدولة في دعم الابتكار.

This initiative embodies the state's efforts in supporting innovation.

Verb 'tujassid' (embodies).

لا يمكننا أن نغفل عن الجهود التي بذلها أسلافنا.

We cannot overlook the efforts made by our ancestors.

Verb 'naghfal' (overlook) with 'an'.

تلاشت تلك الجهود في خضم الصراعات السياسية المحتدمة.

Those efforts vanished in the midst of the raging political conflicts.

Verb 'talāshat' (vanished) and 'khidamm' (midst).

إن الجهود المبذولة في هذا الصدد لا تعدو كونها محاولات أولية.

The efforts made in this regard are nothing more than preliminary attempts.

Expression 'lā ta'dū kawnahā' (is nothing more than).

أفضت الجهود الحثيثة إلى صياغة رؤية استراتيجية شاملة.

The tireless efforts led to the formulation of a comprehensive strategic vision.

Verb 'afḍat' (led to) with 'ilā'.

تتقاطع الجهود الفردية مع التطلعات الجماعية في هذا المشروع.

Individual efforts intersect with collective aspirations in this project.

Verb 'tataqāṭa'' (intersect).

تظل الجهود الإنسانية منارة للأمل في أوقات الأزمات.

Humanitarian efforts remain a beacon of hope in times of crisis.

Metaphorical use of 'manāra' (beacon).

يجب مواءمة الجهود الوطنية مع المعايير الدولية.

National efforts must be aligned with international standards.

Verbal noun 'muwā'ama' (alignment/harmonization).

إن تقويض الجهود الرامية للإصلاح يهدد استقرار المجتمع.

Undermining efforts aimed at reform threatens the stability of society.

Verbal noun 'taqwīḍ' (undermining).

تستدعي هذه التحديات جهوداً تتجاوز الأطر التقليدية.

These challenges call for efforts that transcend traditional frameworks.

Verb 'tatajāwaz' (transcend/go beyond).

よく使う組み合わせ

بذل جهوداً (Exert efforts)

جهود حثيثة (Tireless efforts)

جهود جبارة (Herculean efforts)

تضافر الجهود (Combining efforts)

تنسيق الجهود (Coordinating efforts)

جهود دولية (International efforts)

جهود إنسانية (Humanitarian efforts)

جهود السلام (Peace efforts)

شكراً لجهودكم (Thanks for your efforts)

تقدير الجهود (Appreciating efforts)

よく使うフレーズ

بفضل جهودكم (Thanks to your efforts)

تكللت الجهود بالنجاح (Efforts were crowned with success)

جهود مشكورة (Appreciated efforts)

بذل قصارى جهده (He did his best/utmost effort)

توحيد الجهود (Unifying efforts)

جهود مضنية (Strenuous efforts)

في إطار الجهود (Within the framework of efforts)

مواصلة الجهود (Continuing efforts)

تكثيف الجهود (Intensifying efforts)

ثمرة الجهود (The fruit of efforts)

よく混同される語

جهود vs جدود (Judūd - Grandfathers)

جهود vs جود (Jūd - Generosity)

جهود vs جنود (Junūd - Soldiers)

慣用句と表現

"بذل الغالي والنفيس (To give one's all/utmost effort)"

"وضع كل ثقله (To put all one's weight/effort into something)"

"شمر عن ساعديه (To roll up one's sleeves/start working hard)"

"عمل ليل نهار (To work day and night)"

"بذل قصارى الجهد (To exert the maximum possible effort)"

"تكلل بالنجاح (Crowned with success)"

"ذهب سدى (Went in vain)"

"آتت أكلها (Bore fruit/was successful)"

"على قدم وساق (In full swing/with great effort)"

"بذل مجهوداً خرافياً (Exerted a legendary effort)"

間違えやすい

جهود vs جهد

Singular vs Plural. Jahd is the concept; Juhūd are the actions.

جهود vs اجتهاد

Diligence/Scholarly effort vs General efforts.

جهود vs مساعي

Steps/Endeavors vs Energy/Labor.

جهود vs محاولات

Attempts (can be failed) vs Serious work.

جهود vs أعمال

General works/deeds vs The exertion behind them.

文型パターン

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使い方

nuance

It is more positive than 'muḥāwala' (attempt).

plural usage

Always use 'juhūd' when referring to the work of a group.

formal emails

It is the standard word for 'efforts' in business correspondence.

よくある間違い

Using 'جهود كبار' instead of 'جهود كبيرة'.
Arabic grammar rules state that plurals of objects or concepts are treated as feminine singular.
Confusing 'جهود' (efforts) with 'جنود' (soldiers).
The words look similar but have completely different meanings.
Using 'جهود' when you mean a single try.
'Juhūd' implies a series of actions or collective work.
Pronouncing it as 'judūd'.
'Judūd' means grandfathers, which could lead to funny misunderstandings.
Using 'على' instead of 'في' with 'بذل جهوداً'.
The preposition 'في' (in) is the standard one used for the area of effort.

ヒント

Adjective Agreement

Always remember that 'juhūd' is a non-human plural. This means any adjective describing it must be feminine singular. For example, use 'جهودٌ مكثفة' (intensive efforts) instead of a plural adjective. This is a common test point in Arabic exams.

Root Recognition

Recognizing the root ج-ه-د will help you understand many other words. If you see a word with these three letters, it likely has something to do with working hard, striving, or exertion. This makes learning related words like 'mujtahid' (diligent) much easier.

Business Etiquette

In the Arab workplace, acknowledging 'juhūd' is more than just a polite gesture; it's a way to build strong professional relationships. Using 'أقدر جهودكم' in a meeting can significantly boost team morale. It shows you value the process, not just the result.

Pronunciation of 'h'

The middle 'h' (هـ) in 'juhūd' is soft. Be careful not to pronounce it as a 'ḥ' (ح) or skip it entirely. A clear 'h' makes the word sound elegant and correct. Practice by breathing out gently as you say the middle part of the word.

Idafa Construction

Master the use of 'juhūd' in Idafa. You can create many terms like 'جهود السلام' (peace efforts) or 'جهود الإغاثة' (relief efforts). This is a very efficient way to expand your vocabulary. Just add the noun you are interested in after 'juhūd'.

News Keywords

When listening to the news, 'juhūd' is a 'keyword'. It often signals the start of a segment about government actions or international diplomacy. If you hear 'juhūd', pay close attention to the nouns and adjectives that follow to get the main idea.

Social Recognition

In social settings, if someone helps you with something difficult, thanking their 'juhūd' is more meaningful than a simple 'thanks'. It acknowledges the specific energy they spent on your behalf. It is a key part of the 'culture of gratitude' in the Arab world.

Juhūd vs. Muḥāwalāt

Use 'juhūd' when you want to emphasize the hard work and seriousness. Use 'muḥāwalāt' (attempts) when you are talking about the act of trying itself, regardless of how much energy was spent. 'Juhūd' always sounds more impressive and dedicated.

Visual Association

Visualize a group of people building a pyramid. Each block they carry represents one 'jahd' (effort), and the entire project is the result of their 'juhūd'. This visual helps you remember that the word is plural and involves collective work.

Using 'Bathala'

To sound like a native, always pair 'juhūd' with the verb 'bathala' (بذل). While 'amala' (worked) is okay, 'bathala juhūdan' is the idiomatic way to say someone 'made efforts'. It is the hallmark of a high-level Arabic learner.

暗記しよう

語源

Classical Arabic

文化的な背景

The concept of 'Jahada' (striving) is central to spiritual growth.

It is polite to use 'juhūd' when praising someone's work rather than just 'work' (shughl).

Guests might thank a host for their 'juhūd' in preparing a meal.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

会話のきっかけ

"كيف ترى جهود الحكومة في حماية البيئة؟"

"هل تقدر جهود زملائك في العمل؟"

"ما هي أهم الجهود التي بذلتها هذا العام؟"

"كيف يمكننا توحيد جهودنا لمساعدة الفقراء؟"

"هل تعتقد أن جهود السلام ستنجح؟"

日記のテーマ

اكتب عن جهودك في تعلم اللغة العربية.

صف جهود فريقك في مشروع مدرسي.

من هو الشخص الذي تقدر جهوده كثيراً؟ ولماذا؟

تحدث عن جهود الإغاثة بعد كارثة طبيعية.

كيف تشعر عندما تضيع جهودك سدى؟

よくある質問

10 問

Yes, 'juhūd' is the plural form. The singular is 'jahd'. In most contexts describing work or attempts, the plural 'juhūd' is preferred because it implies a sustained or collective action. Using the singular is usually reserved for the abstract concept of effort or a single specific instance of exertion.

While you can, 'juhūd' is more commonly used for work, study, or social/political initiatives. For physical exercise, words like 'tamārīn' (exercises) or 'nashāṭ badani' (physical activity) are more common. However, you could say 'بذلت جهوداً كبيرة في النادي' (I exerted great efforts at the gym).

The verb 'bathala' (بذل) is by far the most common. It means 'to exert' or 'to spend'. You will almost always see 'بذل جهوداً' in news reports and formal writing. Other common verbs include 'shakara' (to thank) and 'qaddara' (to appreciate).

In Arabic grammar, non-human plurals (like 'efforts', 'books', 'cars') are treated as feminine singular for the purpose of adjective agreement. Therefore, you say 'جهود كبيرة' (big efforts) rather than using a masculine plural adjective.

Yes, they share the same root (ج-ه-د). Linguistically, 'Jihad' means 'struggle' or 'striving'. 'Juhūd' is the general, everyday word for 'efforts'. While they are related, 'juhūd' is used in secular contexts like work, school, and diplomacy.

The most common and professional way is to say 'شكراً لجهودكم' (Shukran li-juhūdukum) if you are addressing a team, or 'شكراً لجهودك' (Shukran li-juhūdik) for an individual. It is a very polite and standard closing or opening in Arabic business culture.

Yes, it can. When a single person works very hard over time, their collective actions are referred to as 'juhūd'. For example, 'أقدر جهودك في هذا البحث' (I appreciate your efforts in this research). It implies that the person did many things to complete the work.

'Juhūd ḥathītha' translates to 'tireless efforts' or 'earnest efforts'. It is a very common collocation in formal Arabic, especially in news broadcasts when talking about peace talks or rescue operations. It implies that the work is ongoing and very serious.

Yes, it is used in spoken Arabic, though sometimes it might sound a bit formal. In everyday casual speech, people might use 'ta'ab' (tiredness/work) or 'shughl' (work), but 'juhūd' is still widely understood and used when someone wants to show genuine appreciation.

The opposite would be 'kasal' (laziness) or 'ihmāl' (neglect). While 'juhūd' represents active striving, these words represent a lack of effort or a failure to act. Another opposite in a professional context could be 'taqā'us' (inaction/shirking duties).

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