مدفوع 30秒で
- Madfūʿ means 'paid' in commercial contexts, indicating that a service or product requires money or has already been settled financially.
- It also means 'driven' or 'pushed,' used both physically (a pushed door) and metaphorically (driven by passion or fear).
- Grammatically, it is a passive participle that must agree in gender and number with the noun it describes (e.g., madfūʿ vs. madfūʿah).
- Commonly found in digital interfaces (paid apps), business (paid invoices), and psychology (driven behavior).
The Arabic word مدفوع (madfūʿ) is a versatile adjective and passive participle derived from the root د-ف-ع (d-f-ʿ). At its most basic level in a modern commercial context, it refers to something that is not free—it requires a financial transaction or has already been settled. However, the linguistic depth of this word extends far beyond simple commerce. Because the root verb dafa'a means 'to push' or 'to repel,' the word madfūʿ literally describes something that has been 'pushed.' In a financial sense, you are 'pushing' money toward a seller. In a psychological sense, you might be 'pushed' or 'driven' by an emotion or a motive.
- Commercial Meaning
- Refers to paid services, apps, or settled invoices.
- Physical/Abstract Meaning
- Refers to being driven, propelled, or motivated by an external or internal force.
- Grammatical Status
- It is an Ism al-Maf'ul (Passive Participle), meaning the action of 'pushing/paying' has been performed upon it.
هذا المحتوى مدفوع وليس مجانياً.
- This content is paid and not free.
Understanding madfūʿ requires recognizing its opposite: majjānī (free). In the digital age, you will see this word everywhere—from 'Paid Apps' in the App Store to 'Paid Advertisements' on social media. It carries a formal tone but is used in everyday speech to clarify the nature of a service. If you are in a restaurant and the bill is already settled, you might hear 'al-fātūrah madfūʿah' (the bill is paid).
كان مدفوعاً برغبة قوية في النجاح.
- He was driven by a strong desire to succeed.
الاشتراك مدفوع شهرياً.
- The subscription is paid monthly.
هذه الخدمة مدفوعة الثمن.
- This service is of paid cost (pre-paid/not free).
الباب مدفوع بقوة.
- The door is pushed with force.
Using مدفوع correctly involves understanding its role as an adjective that follows the noun it describes. In Arabic grammar, adjectives must agree with the noun in gender, number, and definiteness. For example, if you are talking about a 'Paid Account' (account is masculine), you say hisāb madfūʿ. If you are talking about a 'Paid Vacation' (vacation is feminine), you say ijāzah madfūʿah.
- With Prepositions
- When expressing 'driven by,' use the preposition 'bi' (بـ). Example: madfūʿ bi-al-ghadab (driven by anger).
- In Compound Phrases
- Commonly paired with 'al-thaman' (the price) to emphasize that something has a cost: madfūʿ al-thaman.
In professional settings, madfūʿ is used to indicate the status of invoices or salaries. A 'Paid Leave' is ijāzah madfūʿat al-ajr, which is a crucial term in labor contracts. In the tech world, 'Paid Version' is al-nuskha al-madfūʿah. Note that in many cases, the word can be used as a predicate in a sentence: 'The bill is paid' (Al-fātūrah madfūʿah).
You will encounter مدفوع in several distinct environments. First, in E-commerce and Apps: When browsing the App Store or Google Play in Arabic, apps that are not free are labeled as tatbiqāt madfūʿah. Second, in Business and Finance: Invoices will often have a stamp or a digital label saying madfūʿ (Paid) once the transaction is complete. Third, in News and Media: You might hear about 'Paid Advertisements' (i'lānāt madfūʿah) or political movements 'driven by' (madfūʿah bi-) specific interests.
- At the Bank
- 'Is the check paid?' (Hal al-shīk madfūʿ?)
- At Work
- 'I want a paid leave.' (Urīdu ijāzah madfūʿah.)
In literature or high-level journalism, the word takes on a more metaphorical tone. A character might be 'driven by revenge' (madfūʿ bi-al-intiqām). This dual nature—commercial and psychological—makes it a high-frequency word across all registers of Arabic, from the street to the courtroom.
One of the most common mistakes for learners is confusing مدفوع with dāfiʿ. While madfūʿ means 'paid' (the object), dāfiʿ means 'payer' or 'motive' (the subject/reason). Another mistake is failing to apply gender agreement. Since many commercial terms like fātūrah (bill) or khidmah (service) are feminine, you must remember to add the tāʾ marbūṭah at the end: madfūʿah.
- Mistake: Using it for 'Expensive'
- Don't use madfūʿ to mean 'ghālī' (expensive). Madfūʿ only means the payment has happened or is required.
- Mistake: Confusing with 'Majjānī'
- Sometimes learners swap 'paid' and 'free'. Majjānī is free; Madfūʿ is paid.
Additionally, learners often forget the preposition bi- when using the word to mean 'driven by.' Saying 'madfūʿ al-ghadab' is grammatically awkward compared to 'madfūʿ bi-al-ghadab'. Ensure you use the 'bi' to link the state to the cause.
Several words share semantic space with مدفوع. The most common synonym in a professional context is mā'jūr (hired/paid), though mā'jūr often carries a slightly negative connotation of being a 'mercenary' or doing something only for money. Another related term is musaddad, which specifically means 'settled' or 'liquidated' in accounting contexts.
- مأجور (Mā'jūr)
- Paid or hired; often used for services or people.
- مسدد (Musaddad)
- Settled or paid off; usually for debts or bills.
- ممول (Mumawwal)
- Funded; used when a project is backed by capital.
On the 'driven' side of the meaning, you might see munsāq (led/driven) or muharrak (moved/triggered). However, madfūʿ remains the most common choice for describing an action resulting from a specific internal or external pressure.
How Formal Is It?
難易度
知っておくべき文法
Ism al-Maf'ul formation
Adjective-Noun agreement
Preposition 'bi' usage
Idafa construction with adjectives
Passive voice concepts
レベル別の例文
هذا التطبيق مدفوع.
This app is paid.
Masculine singular agreement with 'tatbiq'.
هل هذا الكتاب مدفوع؟
Is this book paid?
Question format.
المحتوى مدفوع.
The content is paid.
Subject-predicate sentence.
ليس مجانياً، هو مدفوع.
It is not free, it is paid.
Contrastive use.
فاتورة مدفوعة.
A paid bill.
Feminine singular agreement.
خدمة مدفوعة.
A paid service.
Feminine singular agreement.
حساب مدفوع.
A paid account.
Masculine singular.
اشتراك مدفوع.
A paid subscription.
Masculine singular.
عندي إجازة مدفوعة.
I have a paid leave.
Common workplace phrase.
الفاتورة مدفوعة بالكامل.
The bill is paid in full.
Use of 'bi-al-kāmil' (in full).
هذه القناة مدفوعة.
This channel is paid (subscription-based).
Feminine agreement with 'qanāh'.
هل الرسوم مدفوعة؟
Are the fees paid?
Plural noun 'rusūm' with feminine singular adjective.
الباب كان مدفوعاً.
The door was pushed.
Past tense with 'kāna'.
أريد نسخة مدفوعة.
I want a paid version.
Direct object.
التذكرة مدفوعة مسبقاً.
The ticket is pre-paid.
Use of 'musbaqan' (previously/pre-).
كل شيء مدفوع هنا.
Everything is paid here.
General statement.
كان مدفوعاً بالفضول.
He was driven by curiosity.
Metaphorical use with 'bi-'.
الخدمة مدفوعة الأجر.
The service is paid (remunerated).
Idafa construct.
هذه المقالات مدفوعة من قبل الشركة.
These articles are paid for by the company.
Passive construction with 'min qibal'.
هل المبلغ مدفوع نقداً؟
Is the amount paid in cash?
Adverbial 'naqdan'.
كانت الرحلة مدفوعة التكاليف.
The trip was all-expenses-paid.
Feminine plural agreement.
السيارة مدفوعة بمحرك كهربائي.
The car is driven by an electric motor.
Technical physical use.
أنا لست مدفوعاً بالمال.
I am not driven by money.
Negative statement.
هذه ميزة مدفوعة في البرنامج.
This is a paid feature in the software.
Noun-adjective pair.
كان قراره مدفوعاً بالخوف.
His decision was driven by fear.
Abstract motivation.
الإعلانات المدفوعة تظهر في الأعلى.
Paid ads appear at the top.
Definite plural.
النمو الاقتصادي مدفوع بالاستهلاك.
Economic growth is driven by consumption.
Economic context.
كانت القصيدة مدفوعة بمشاعر الحزن.
The poem was driven by feelings of sadness.
Literary context.
هل هذه العضوية مدفوعة سنوياً؟
Is this membership paid annually?
Adverbial 'sanawiyyan'.
العمل مدفوع بالنتائج.
The work is results-driven.
Professional jargon.
كانت الحشود مدفوعة نحو المخرج.
The crowds were pushed toward the exit.
Physical passive.
هذا البحث مدفوع من جهة خاصة.
This research is funded by a private entity.
Formal funding context.
رأس المال المدفوع للشركة كبير.
The company's paid-up capital is large.
Financial terminology.
كانت سياسته مدفوعة بمصالح جيوسياسية.
His policy was driven by geopolitical interests.
Political register.
الادعاءات كانت مدفوعة بأجندات خفية.
The allegations were driven by hidden agendas.
Critical analysis.
الإبداع ليس دائماً مدفوعاً بالوحي.
Creativity is not always driven by inspiration.
Philosophical tone.
كانت التغييرات مدفوعة بضغط شعبي.
The changes were driven by popular pressure.
Sociological context.
هذه الديون غير مدفوعة منذ سنوات.
These debts have been unpaid for years.
Formal debt context.
كان السلوك مدفوعاً بغريزة البقاء.
The behavior was driven by the survival instinct.
Scientific/Psychological.
الاستثمارات مدفوعة بتوقعات الربح.
Investments are driven by profit expectations.
Economic analysis.
تظل الروح البشرية مدفوعة بالبحث عن المعنى.
The human spirit remains driven by the search for meaning.
High literary style.
كانت النهضة مدفوعة بتلاقح الثقافات.
The Renaissance was driven by the cross-pollination of cultures.
Historical analysis.
الأسعار مدفوعة بآليات العرض والطلب.
Prices are driven by the mechanisms of supply and demand.
Economic theory.
الفعل الأخلاقي لا يجب أن يكون مدفوعاً بالخوف من العقاب.
Moral action should not be driven by fear of punishment.
Ethical philosophy.
كانت القرارات الاستراتيجية مدفوعة بضرورات براغماتية.
Strategic decisions were driven by pragmatic necessities.
Advanced corporate/political.
هل التاريخ مدفوع ببطولات الأفراد أم بحركة الجماهير؟
Is history driven by individual heroics or the movement of the masses?
Historiographical inquiry.
تلك المبادرة كانت مدفوعة برؤية استشرافية.
That initiative was driven by a forward-looking vision.
Visionary rhetoric.
الظواهر الطبيعية مدفوعة بقوانين فيزيائية ثابتة.
Natural phenomena are driven by fixed physical laws.
Scientific discourse.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
よく混同される語
慣用句と表現
間違えやすい
文型パターン
使い方
Used for 'Premium' features.
Indicates an object in motion due to force.
Indicates a closed transaction.
- Using 'madfūʿ' for 'expensive' (use 'ghālī' instead).
- Forgetting the feminine 'ah' for feminine nouns.
- Confusing 'madfūʿ' (paid) with 'dāfiʿ' (payer/motive).
- Omitting the 'bi-' when saying 'driven by'.
- Using 'madfūʿ' when you mean 'free' (majjānī).
ヒント
Agreement
Always match the gender of the noun. If you say 'fātūrah', you must say 'madfūʿah'. If you say 'hisāb', you must say 'madfūʿ'. This is the most common error for beginners.
Root Power
Connect it to 'dafa'a' (to pay/push). Knowing the root helps you remember 'midfa' (cannon) and 'dāfi' (motive). Arabic roots are like a family tree of meanings.
Digital Life
Look for this word on your phone settings. Changing your phone language to Arabic is a great way to see 'madfūʿ' in action. You will see it in app stores and subscription menus.
Pronunciation
Don't forget the 'ayn' at the end. It's a deep throat sound. Practice saying 'mad-fū-ʿ' clearly to be understood by native speakers. The long 'u' is also important.
Cultural Nuance
In some cultures, saying 'it's paid' is a way to end an argument about who pays the bill. Use 'madfūʿ' to politely inform someone the transaction is over. It is a useful social tool.
Formal Letters
In business emails, use 'al-mablagh madfūʿ' to confirm payment. It sounds professional and clear. It avoids any ambiguity about the status of an invoice.
News Keywords
Listen for 'madfūʿ' in economic reports. It often appears in phrases like 'paid-up capital'. It helps you identify the financial section of a news broadcast.
Motivation
When you see 'madfūʿ bi-', think 'driven by'. This is a common way to describe why people do things. It's a great way to expand your descriptive vocabulary.
Visualizing
Visualize a 'Paid' stamp in green. Associate that image with the sound 'madfūʿ'. Visual anchors are powerful for retaining new vocabulary.
Restaurant Etiquette
If you want to tell a friend you paid for them, say 'madfūʿah'. It's a kind gesture. It shows you've mastered both the language and the culture.
暗記しよう
語源
Arabic root D-F-A
文化的な背景
In business, confirming 'madfūʿ' is essential for maintaining trust.
Sometimes guests will insist 'Al-fātūrah madfūʿah' to show they have already taken care of the host.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
会話のきっかけ
"هل هذا التطبيق مجاني أم مدفوع؟"
"هل الفاتورة مدفوعة؟"
"ما الذي يجعلك مدفوعاً للعمل بجد؟"
"هل تفضل المحتوى المدفوع أم المجاني؟"
"هل حصلت على إجازة مدفوعة؟"
日記のテーマ
اكتب عن شيء أنت مدفوع للقيام به كل يوم.
هل تعتقد أن المحتوى المدفوع أفضل من المجاني؟ لماذا؟
صف شعورك عندما تكون الفاتورة مدفوعة من قبل شخص آخر.
ما هي أهمية الإجازة المدفوعة في حياتك؟
هل سبق وأن كنت مدفوعاً بالخوف لاتخاذ قرار؟
よくある質問
10 問No, it can also mean physically pushed or psychologically driven. While common in finance, its root meaning is about force. You can be driven by love or a door can be pushed. Context determines if it's about money or movement.
You say 'madfūʿ muqaddaman' or 'madfūʿ musbaqan'. Both indicate that the payment was made before the service. This is common for phone cards and tickets. It literally means 'paid in advance'.
It is standard Arabic (Fusha) but used in all levels of speech. It is the most common and neutral way to say 'paid'. You will hear it in shops and read it in legal contracts. It is not overly slangy or overly academic.
The feminine form is 'madfūʿah'. You use this for feminine nouns like 'fātūrah' (bill). Arabic adjectives must match the gender of the noun. Most service-related words are feminine.
Yes, but it usually means they are 'driven' by something. If you call a person 'madfūʿ', you usually follow it with 'bi-' (by). For example, 'He is driven by ambition'. It doesn't mean the person themselves was bought.
The most direct opposite is 'majjānī', which means free. Another opposite in a business context could be 'ghayr madfūʿ' (unpaid). 'Majjānī' is for things that cost zero, while 'unpaid' is for debts.
You can say 'Hādhā tatbiq madfūʿ'. This translates to 'This is a paid app'. It is a very common phrase in modern tech-talk. You might also see 'al-nuskha al-madfūʿah' for 'the paid version'.
Yes, 'midfaʿ' (cannon) comes from the same root. A cannon 'pushes' or 'propels' a projectile. The root D-F-A is all about the act of pushing or repelling. It shows the logical link in Arabic roots.
Yes, 'kuntu madfūʿan fī al-ziḥām' means 'I was pushed in the crowd'. It describes the physical state of being moved by others. This uses the literal meaning of the root.
The standard term is 'ijāzah madfūʿah'. You can also say 'ijāzah madfūʿat al-ajr' to be more formal. This is a common term in employment contracts and HR discussions.
自分をテスト 68 問
/ 68 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
Madfūʿ is the essential Arabic word for 'paid.' Whether you are settling a bill, downloading a premium app, or describing what motivates your actions, this word bridges the gap between the physical act of pushing and the economic act of paying.
- Madfūʿ means 'paid' in commercial contexts, indicating that a service or product requires money or has already been settled financially.
- It also means 'driven' or 'pushed,' used both physically (a pushed door) and metaphorically (driven by passion or fear).
- Grammatically, it is a passive participle that must agree in gender and number with the noun it describes (e.g., madfūʿ vs. madfūʿah).
- Commonly found in digital interfaces (paid apps), business (paid invoices), and psychology (driven behavior).
Agreement
Always match the gender of the noun. If you say 'fātūrah', you must say 'madfūʿah'. If you say 'hisāb', you must say 'madfūʿ'. This is the most common error for beginners.
Root Power
Connect it to 'dafa'a' (to pay/push). Knowing the root helps you remember 'midfa' (cannon) and 'dāfi' (motive). Arabic roots are like a family tree of meanings.
Digital Life
Look for this word on your phone settings. Changing your phone language to Arabic is a great way to see 'madfūʿ' in action. You will see it in app stores and subscription menus.
Pronunciation
Don't forget the 'ayn' at the end. It's a deep throat sound. Practice saying 'mad-fū-ʿ' clearly to be understood by native speakers. The long 'u' is also important.
関連コンテンツ
generalの関連語
عادةً
A1たいてい、普通は；通常の状況下で。
عادةً ما
B2この副詞は、通常、物事がほとんどの場合に起こることを意味します。
إعداد
B2食べ物やプロジェクトなど、何かを準備する手順や過程のことです。
عاضد
B2誰かの助けになる、支えるという意味の動詞です。特に、相手が困っている時に使います。
عادي
A1それは普通の日のことです。
عاقبة
B1行動の結果や影響、しばしば不快なもの。自分の選択の結果を受け入れなければならない。
أعلى
A1より高い、または最高位の。
عال
B1これは、音の高さやレベルが高いことを表す言葉だよ。例えば、高い音や高い価格など。
عالٍ
A2物理的な高さ（高い）または音量（大きい）を意味します。
عَالَمِيّ
B1世界全体に関する；世界的な、またはグローバルな。
