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A2 adjective #4,000 よく出る 8分で読める

مرفوض

上位4,000

練習する例文メモとヒント مرفوض 30秒で

解説 مرفوض in your Level:

At the A1 level, the word 'marfūḍ' (مرفوض) is introduced as a simple way to say 'no' to a thing or a request. Think of it as the opposite of 'yes' (na‘am) or 'okay' (māshī) in a formal way. For a beginner, this word is most useful when you are dealing with simple situations like a game or a basic classroom instruction. If a teacher asks if an answer is correct and it isn't, they might say 'marfūḍ' (though 'khaṭa' - wrong - is more common). You will mostly see this word in its masculine form 'marfūḍ' and feminine form 'marfūḍa'. At this stage, you don't need to worry about the deep grammar; just remember that if you see this word on a paper or hear it in a store, it means something was not accepted. It's a very clear, direct word. For example, if you try to use an expired coupon, the clerk might say 'marfūḍ.' It helps you understand the basic rules of things being 'in' or 'out.' You should also learn it alongside its opposite, 'maqbūl' (accepted), so you have a pair of words to describe the status of things. The pronunciation is also a good practice for the Arabic 'ḍād' sound, which is unique. Just remember: Marfūḍ = Not Accepted. It's a 'stop' sign in word form.

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At the A2 level, you start using 'marfūḍ' in more complete sentences and realistic scenarios. You are likely to encounter it when traveling or dealing with basic administration. For instance, if you apply for a library card or a simple permit and something is wrong, the status will be 'marfūḍ.' You should be able to identify that 'marfūḍ' is describing a noun. If you say 'The food is rejected' (this is a bit strange but grammatically fine), you would say 'al-ṭa‘ām marfūḍ.' More realistically, you'll use it for 'The request is rejected' (al-ṭalab marfūḍ). You also learn the feminine version 'marfūḍa' and apply it to words like 'fikra' (idea) or 'ijāza' (vacation/leave). At A2, you are expected to understand that this word comes from the root R-F-D, which means 'to refuse.' You might also start seeing it in public signs or simple news headlines. It's a key word for expressing that something is 'unacceptable' in a social sense, too. If someone suggests a plan that you really don't like, you can say 'hādhā marfūḍ' (this is rejected/unacceptable). It's a powerful word for setting boundaries at this level. You are moving beyond simple 'no' to a more formal 'this is not accepted.'

By the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 'marfūḍ' in various contexts, including professional and social discussions. You understand that 'marfūḍ' is a passive participle (ism al-maf‘ūl) and can relate it to the active verb 'rafaḍa' (he refused). This allows you to switch between 'They rejected the offer' (rafaḍū al-‘arḍ) and 'The offer was rejected' (al-‘arḍ kān marfūḍan). You also begin to use adverbs to qualify the rejection, such as 'marfūḍ tamāman' (completely rejected) or 'marfūḍ mabda’iyyan' (rejected in principle). At B1, you can use the word to discuss social issues or opinions. For example, you might say, 'Discrimination is rejected in our society' (al-tamyīz marfūḍ fī mujtama‘inā). You are also able to distinguish 'marfūḍ' from 'mamnu‘' (prohibited) and 'ghayr maqbūl' (unacceptable), choosing the right word based on the level of formality and the nature of the refusal. You'll hear this word often in media reports about political negotiations or economic decisions. It becomes a tool for summarizing outcomes: 'The proposal was rejected after a long debate.' Your ability to use the feminine plural 'marfūḍāt' for non-human plurals also becomes more consistent at this stage.

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At the B2 level, 'marfūḍ' becomes part of your more sophisticated vocabulary for debate and formal writing. You understand the nuances of its use in legal and bureaucratic Arabic. For example, you can discuss 'rejected evidence' or 'rejected testimony' in a court setting. You are also aware of how the word functions in complex sentence structures, such as 'It is rejected that...' (min al-marfūḍ an...). You can use the word to express strong categorical stances in essays or presentations. For instance, 'This ideology is rejected because it lacks logic' (hādhā al-fikr marfūḍ li-annahu yaftaqid ilā al-manṭiq). You also start to recognize the word in more abstract contexts, such as 'rejected feelings' or 'rejected realities.' At B2, you should be able to handle the word's derivative 'rafḍ' (rejection/refusal) as a noun and use them interchangeably to vary your sentence structure. You might also encounter 'marfūḍ' in literature, describing a character who is an outcast or an idea that is ahead of its time and thus 'rejected' by contemporaries. Your grasp of the word's emphatic nature allows you to use it for rhetorical effect in speeches or persuasive writing, contrasting 'al-wāqi‘ al-marfūḍ' (the rejected reality) with 'al-mustaqbal al-ma’mūl' (the hoped-for future).

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At the C1 level, you have a deep, nuanced understanding of 'marfūḍ' and its place within the wider semantic field of refusal in Arabic. You can appreciate the word's etymological roots and its connection to related words like 'irfāḍ' (a more obscure term for rejection) or 'rafḍiyya' (rejectionism, often used in political science). You use 'marfūḍ' with precision in academic papers, legal briefs, or high-level business negotiations. You understand the subtle difference between 'marfūḍ' (simply rejected) and 'mardūd' (refuted/sent back with an argument), using the latter when you want to emphasize that a rejection was based on a counter-argument. You are also comfortable with the word's use in philosophical or existential contexts, such as 'the rejected self' or 'the rejection of the status quo.' At this level, you can analyze the use of 'marfūḍ' in classical texts or modern poetry, where it might carry heavy symbolic weight. You are also sensitive to the sociolinguistic implications of the word—how its use can signal authority, finality, or a moral boundary. You can effortlessly integrate 'marfūḍ' into complex rhetorical devices, such as antithesis or parallelism, to create compelling and sophisticated Arabic prose. Your use of the word is no longer just about communication; it's about style and precision.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'marfūḍ' is indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker. You possess a comprehensive understanding of its historical evolution and its various shades of meaning across different Arabic dialects, though you primarily use it in its Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) form. You can use 'marfūḍ' in the most complex and specialized contexts, such as in the drafting of international treaties, where the choice between 'marfūḍ' and a synonym could have significant legal ramifications. You are also able to play with the word's meaning in creative writing, using it to evoke specific emotional responses or to create irony. Your understanding of the word extends to its role in the 'Rafḍ' movement in modern Arabic poetry, where 'rejection' became a central theme of artistic and political rebellion. You can engage in deep discussions about the 'logic of rejection' (manṭiq al-rafḍ) in political discourse. At this level, 'marfūḍ' is not just a word you know; it is a concept you can manipulate with finesse. You are aware of its every connotation, from the most clinical bureaucratic dismissal to the most passionate cry of social defiance. Your ability to use 'marfūḍ' is characterized by perfect grammatical accuracy, stylistic elegance, and a profound cultural awareness.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

مرفوض 30秒で

Marfūḍ means 'rejected' or 'unacceptable' in Arabic.
It is the passive participle of the root R-F-D (to refuse).
It changes to 'marfūḍa' for feminine nouns.
Commonly used in administrative, social, and legal contexts.

The Arabic word مرفوض (marfūḍ) is a cornerstone of the Arabic language, serving as the primary adjective to describe anything that has been declined, rejected, or deemed unacceptable. Derived from the triliteral root ر-ف-ض (r-f-ḍ), which conveys the core action of refusing or discarding, this specific form is the ism al-maf‘ūl (passive participle). In literal terms, it translates to 'that which has been refused.' However, its application spans a vast spectrum of human interaction, from the cold bureaucratic rejection of a visa application to the emotional weight of a rejected social behavior or a discarded romantic proposal.

Administrative Context: In formal settings, such as government offices, banks, or universities, 'marfūḍ' is the official status of a request that did not meet the necessary criteria. For example, 'The visa is rejected' (التأشيرة مرفوضة).
Social and Moral Context: It is frequently used to describe behavior that contradicts societal norms or ethics. 'This behavior is unacceptable' (هذا السلوك مرفوض) is a common phrase used by parents, teachers, and leaders to enforce boundaries.

Understanding 'marfūḍ' requires an appreciation for the nuance of refusal in Arab culture. While direct refusal can sometimes be seen as harsh, 'marfūḍ' provides a clear, objective label for the state of an object or idea. It is the antithesis of مقبول (maqbūl), which means accepted. When a person uses 'marfūḍ,' they are often pointing to a definitive decision that has already been made, rather than an ongoing negotiation. This word is not just about saying 'no'; it is about the state of being 'no-ed.'

طلبك للحصول على إجازة مرفوض حالياً بسبب ضغط العمل.
Translation: Your request for leave is rejected currently due to work pressure.

In academic and legal writing, 'marfūḍ' takes on a more technical tone. It might refer to a legal argument that a judge has dismissed or a scientific hypothesis that has been debunked by data. The versatility of the word lies in its ability to sound either like a clinical assessment or a passionate moral condemnation depending on the speaker's tone and the context of the sentence.

Political Context: In news broadcasts, you will often hear about 'rejected proposals' (مقترحات مرفوضة) or 'rejected resolutions' (قرارات مرفوضة) in the United Nations or local parliaments.

العنف ضد المدنيين هو عمل مرفوض دولياً.
Translation: Violence against civilians is an internationally rejected act.

Using مرفوض (marfūḍ) correctly involves more than just knowing its translation; it requires an understanding of Arabic sentence structure, specifically the relationship between the subject and the predicate. In a simple nominal sentence (Jumla Ismiyya), 'marfūḍ' typically serves as the khabar (predicate), providing information about the subject.

Masculine Singular: هذا العرض مرفوض. (This offer is rejected.) Here, 'al-'ard' (the offer) is masculine, so 'marfūḍ' remains in its base form.
Feminine Singular: الفكرة مرفوضة تماماً. (The idea is completely rejected.) Since 'al-fikra' (the idea) is feminine, we add the Tā' Marbūṭa to the adjective.

When 'marfūḍ' is used as an attributive adjective (modifying a noun directly), it follows the noun and agrees with it in gender, number, and definiteness. For instance, 'A rejected request' is 'ṭalab marfūḍ,' whereas 'The rejected request' is 'al-ṭalab al-marfūḍ.' Notice how the definite article 'al-' is applied to both words in the second example.

الخطة التي قدمتها كانت مرفوضة من قبل اللجنة.
Translation: The plan you presented was rejected by the committee.

You can also use 'marfūḍ' with adverbs of degree to add emphasis. Common pairings include 'marfūḍ tamāman' (totally rejected) or 'marfūḍ qaṭ‘iyyan' (categorically rejected). These are especially useful in formal debates or legal contexts where a simple 'no' isn't strong enough.

أي تدخل في شؤوننا الداخلية هو أمر مرفوض.
Translation: Any interference in our internal affairs is a rejected matter.

Plural Usage: When describing plural non-human objects, use the feminine singular: 'Requests are rejected' (الطلبات مرفوضة). For human plurals, use 'marfūḍūn' (masc) or 'marfūḍāt' (fem), though this is less common as the word usually describes things/ideas.

In the modern Arab world, مرفوض (marfūḍ) is ubiquitous. If you walk into a government building (a 'Mudīriyya' or 'Wizāra'), you might see this word stamped in red ink on documents. It is the language of bureaucracy. In such settings, 'marfūḍ' is often followed by a reason, such as 'bi-sabab naqṣ al-awrāq' (due to missing papers).

Beyond the office, 'marfūḍ' is a staple of the news cycle. News anchors on Al Jazeera or Al Arabiya frequently use it when discussing diplomatic negotiations. 'The proposal was rejected by the opposition' (المقترح رُفض من المعارضة) or 'This move is rejected' (هذه الخطوة مرفوضة). It conveys a sense of finality and official stance.

سمعتُ في الأخبار أن مشروع القانون أصبح مرفوضاً.
Translation: I heard on the news that the draft law has become rejected.

In everyday social interactions, the word takes on a moral dimension. If a teenager behaves disrespectfully, an elder might say, 'This is unacceptable behavior' (هذا تصرف مرفوض). Here, it isn't about a formal application; it's about the social contract. It’s also heard in business negotiations—when an offer is too low, the response might be a polite but firm 'Hādhā al-si‘r marfūḍ' (This price is rejected).

In the digital world, you'll see 'marfūḍ' on websites and apps. If a credit card transaction fails or a password doesn't meet requirements, the system might display 'Al-ṭalab marfūḍ' (Request rejected). It is the standard UI/UX term for a failed or declined action.

Legal Settings: Lawyers use 'marfūḍ' to describe evidence that is inadmissible or a case that has been thrown out of court (da‘wā marfūḍa).

كان رده مرفوضاً من قبل القاضي.
Translation: His response was rejected by the judge.

For learners of Arabic, مرفوض (marfūḍ) can be tricky because of its similarity to other words that mean 'no' or 'forbidden.' The most common mistake is confusing 'marfūḍ' with ممنوع (mamnū‘). While both involve a negative outcome, they are used differently.

Marfūḍ vs Mamnu‘: 'Marfūḍ' means rejected or declined (e.g., a request). 'Mamnu‘' means forbidden or prohibited by law or authority (e.g., no smoking). You wouldn't say a visa is 'mamnu‘' unless visas are illegal; you say it is 'marfūḍ' because the application was declined.

Another error involves gender agreement. Since many nouns representing 'requests' or 'ideas' are feminine in Arabic (like fikra, ṭalabiyya, ijāza), students often forget to use the feminine form مرفوضة (marfūḍa). Always look at the noun before the adjective!

Incorrect: السياسة مرفوض.
Correct: السياسة مرفوضة.
Note: Politics (as a concept/policy) is feminine, so the adjective must match.

A third mistake is using 'marfūḍ' when you mean 'disliked' (مكروه - makrūh). 'Marfūḍ' is a hard rejection, whereas 'makrūh' is a softer term often used in religious contexts to describe something that is discouraged but not strictly forbidden or rejected. Using 'marfūḍ' in a situation that requires a softer touch might make you sound overly aggressive or bureaucratic.

Finally, avoid using 'marfūḍ' as a verb. Remember, it is an adjective/participle. If you want to say 'He rejected,' you must use the active verb رَفَضَ (rafaḍa). 'Marfūḍ' describes the thing that was rejected, not the person doing the rejecting.

While مرفوض (marfūḍ) is the most common word for 'rejected,' Arabic offers a rich palette of synonyms depending on the specific flavor of rejection you wish to convey. Choosing the right one can make your Arabic sound more natural and sophisticated.

غير مقبول (Ghayr Maqbūl): Literally 'not acceptable.' This is slightly softer than 'marfūḍ' and is often used for behaviors or standards. Example: 'Your behavior is not acceptable' (سلوكك غير مقبول).
مستبعد (Mustab‘ad): Meaning 'unlikely' or 'ruled out.' This is used when an option is rejected because it is impractical or improbable. Example: 'This scenario is ruled out' (هذا السيناريو مستبعد).
مردود (Mardūd): Meaning 'returned' or 'refuted.' Often used in legal or scholarly contexts to indicate that an argument or a piece of evidence has been countered or sent back. Example: 'His argument is refuted' (حجته مردودة).

If you are looking for an antonym, the most direct opposite is مقبول (maqbūl)—accepted. Other opposites include موافق عليه (muwāfaq ‘alayh)—agreed upon, and مُجاز (mujāz)—authorized or permitted.

بدلاً من قول 'مرفوض'، يمكنك قول 'هذا الخيار مستبعد حالياً'.
Translation: Instead of saying 'rejected,' you can say 'this option is ruled out currently.'

In formal literature, you might encounter منبوذ (manbūdh), which means 'ostracized' or 'cast out.' This is a much stronger word than 'marfūḍ' and is usually reserved for people or ideologies that are entirely shunned by society. Understanding these distinctions allows you to navigate the complexities of Arabic social and formal hierarchies with ease.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The term 'Rāfiḍa' (The Rejectors) was historically a political-religious label used to describe certain sects that 'rejected' the leadership of early caliphs.

発音ガイド

UK /mæf.ˈruːd/

US /mæf.ˈruːd/

Second syllable: mar-FŪḌ

韻が合う語

Ma‘rūḍ (معروض - offered) Maḥfūẓ (محفوظ - preserved) Maḥẓūẓ (محظوظ - lucky) Maqshūḍ (مقشود - skimmed) Manfūḍ (منفوض - dusted) Maqبūḍ (مقبوض - seized) Masrūḍ (مسرود - narrated) Ma‘mūḍ (معمود - baptized)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing 'ḍ' (ض) as a standard English 'd'.
Shortening the 'ū' sound to 'u'.
Merging the 'r' and 'f' too quickly.
Forgetting the emphatic nature of the whole word.
Misplacing the stress on the first syllable.

難易度

読解 2/5

Easy to recognize due to the common 'ma-ū-' pattern of passive participles.

ライティング 3/5

Requires correct spelling of the 'ḍād' and understanding gender agreement.

スピーキング 4/5

The 'ḍād' sound can be difficult for non-native speakers to master.

リスニング 2/5

Usually clearly articulated in formal and news Arabic.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

نعم لا طلب فكرة مقبول

次に学ぶ

رفض (verb) قرار تأشيرة سبب ممنوع

上級

استبعاد نقض شجب استنكار إبطال

知っておくべき文法

Passive Participle (Ism al-Maf‘ūl)

مرفوض is from رَفَضَ

Gender Agreement

الفكرة مرفوضة (Feminine)

Adjective Position

طلبٌ مرفوضٌ (Adjective follows noun)

Definiteness Agreement

الطلبُ المرفوضُ (Both definite)

Case Ending (I‘rāb)

كان الطلبُ مرفوضاً (Accusative with 'kāna')

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レベル別の例文

هذا الجواب مرفوض.

This answer is rejected.

Simple nominal sentence: Subject + Predicate.

الطلب مرفوض.

The request is rejected.

Masculine singular agreement.

الفكرة مرفوضة.

The idea is rejected.

Feminine singular agreement with 'Fikra'.

هل هو مرفوض؟

Is it rejected?

Interrogative sentence.

لا، ليس مرفوضاً.

No, it is not rejected.

Negation using 'laysa' (it is not).

اللون مرفوض.

The color is rejected.

Describing an object.

هذا الطعام مرفوض.

This food is rejected.

Demonstrative pronoun + noun + adjective.

الاسم مرفوض.

The name is rejected.

Administrative context.

طلب التأشيرة مرفوض حالياً.

The visa request is rejected currently.

Adding an adverb (currently).

هذا السلوك مرفوض في المدرسة.

This behavior is rejected in school.

Prepositional phrase 'in school'.

لماذا كان طلبي مرفوضاً؟

Why was my request rejected?

Past tense with 'kāna'.

كل المقترحات كانت مرفوضة.

All proposals were rejected.

Plural non-human noun + feminine singular adjective.

العرض مرفوض تماماً.

The offer is completely rejected.

Adverb of degree 'tamāman'.

الخطة مرفوضة من المدير.

The plan is rejected by the manager.

Passive construction with 'min' (by).

كان رده مرفوضاً للجميع.

His response was rejected by everyone.

Dative-like use of 'li' (to/by).

هذا العمل مرفوض أخلاقياً.

This work is ethically rejected.

Adverbial qualification.

التمييز العنصري مرفوض في كل مكان.

Racial discrimination is rejected everywhere.

Abstract noun as subject.

مشروع القانون أصبح مرفوضاً الآن.

The draft law has become rejected now.

Using 'asbaḥa' (to become).

تعتبر هذه الطريقة مرفوضة علمياً.

This method is considered scientifically rejected.

Passive verb 'tu‘tabar' (is considered).

كان من المرفوض أن نتركهم وحدهم.

It was rejected (unacceptable) that we leave them alone.

Impersonal construction 'min al-marfūḍ an'.

كل الأعذار التي قدمها كانت مرفوضة.

All the excuses he provided were rejected.

Relative clause 'allatī qaddamaha'.

هذا النوع من الفن كان مرفوضاً في الماضي.

This type of art was rejected in the past.

Time reference 'fī al-māḍī'.

النتائج كانت مرفوضة بسبب الغش.

The results were rejected because of cheating.

Causal phrase 'bi-sabab'.

أصبح هذا الرأي مرفوضاً شعبياً.

This opinion has become popularly rejected.

Adverbial 'sha‘biyyan'.

السياسة الجديدة مرفوضة من قبل النقابات.

The new policy is rejected by the unions.

Complex agent 'min qibal' (by/on behalf of).

هذا التفسير مرفوض منطقياً وعلمياً.

This explanation is logically and scientifically rejected.

Double adverbial qualification.

كان القرار مرفوضاً جملة وتفصيلاً.

The decision was rejected in its entirety and detail.

Idiomatic expression 'jumla wa tafṣīlan'.

تظل هذه الفرضية مرفوضة حتى يثبت العكس.

This hypothesis remains rejected until the opposite is proven.

Conditional clause 'ḥattā yuthbat al-‘aks'.

أي محاولة للتغيير ستكون مرفوضة.

Any attempt at change will be rejected.

Future tense with 'sa-'.

التعصب الديني هو أمر مرفوض إنسانياً.

Religious fanaticism is a humanly rejected matter.

Compound subject and moral qualification.

كانت حجته مرفوضة تماماً في المحكمة.

His argument was completely rejected in court.

Legal context.

هذا الأسلوب في التعامل مرفوض مهنياً.

This style of dealing is professionally rejected.

Professional context.

إن هذا الواقع مرفوض من قبل جيل الشباب.

Indeed, this reality is rejected by the younger generation.

Emphatic 'inna' at the start.

تعد هذه النظرية مرفوضة في الأوساط الأكاديمية.

This theory is considered rejected in academic circles.

Formal verb 'tu‘ad' (is counted/considered).

كانت شروط المعاهدة مرفوضة قطعياً.

The terms of the treaty were categorically rejected.

Strong adverb 'qaṭ‘iyyan'.

هذا الفكر المتطرف مرفوض من كافة أطياف المجتمع.

This extremist thought is rejected by all segments of society.

Inclusive phrase 'kāffat aṭyāf al-mujtama‘'.

يبقى السؤال عما إذا كان هذا الحل مرفوضاً أم لا.

The question remains as to whether this solution is rejected or not.

Indirect question structure.

كان رده يتسم بالرفض، فكان كلامه مرفوضاً.

His response was characterized by rejection, so his words were rejected.

Connecting noun 'rafḍ' and adjective 'marfūḍ'.

الاستبداد هو نظام مرفوض تاريخياً.

Tyranny is a historically rejected system.

Historical/Political context.

كانت استقالته مرفوضة في البداية.

His resignation was rejected initially.

Temporal adverbial 'fī al-bidāya'.

تتجلى فلسفة الرفض في هذا العمل المرفوض نقدياً.

The philosophy of rejection is manifest in this critically rejected work.

Complex philosophical sentence.

إن أي مساس بالسيادة الوطنية هو أمر مرفوض جملة وتفصيلاً.

Any infringement on national sovereignty is a matter rejected in its entirety.

High-level diplomatic language.

تعتبر هذه الممارسات مرفوضة بموجب القانون الدولي.

These practices are considered rejected under international law.

Legal phrase 'bi-mūjib' (under/according to).

كانت أفكاره مرفوضة من قبل معاصريه، لكنها قبلت لاحقاً.

His ideas were rejected by his contemporaries, but accepted later.

Contrastive structure.

هذا النهج مرفوض لأنه يتنافى مع قيمنا الجوهرية.

This approach is rejected because it contradicts our core values.

Complex causal clause with 'li-annahu'.

لا يمكننا القبول بما هو مرفوض أخلاقياً وإنسانياً.

We cannot accept what is ethically and humanly rejected.

Substantive use of 'mā' (that which).

كانت دعواه مرفوضة شكلاً وموضوعاً.

His lawsuit was rejected in form and substance.

Specific legal terminology.

يبقى هذا الخيار مرفوضاً ما لم تتغير الظروف.

This option remains rejected unless circumstances change.

Conditional 'mā lam' (unless).

よく使う組み合わせ

طلب مرفوض

سلوك مرفوض

عرض مرفوض

فكرة مرفوضة

قرار مرفوض

مرفوض تماماً

مرفوض قطعياً

مرفوض جملة وتفصيلاً

مرفوض أخلاقياً

مرفوض قانونياً

よく使うフレーズ

هذا مرفوض

— This is rejected/unacceptable.

عندما رأى الفوضى، قال: هذا مرفوض!

غير مرفوض

— Not rejected (acceptable).

العرض الجديد غير مرفوض.

من المرفوض أن

— It is unacceptable that...

من المرفوض أن نتجاهل المشكلة.

بشكل مرفوض

— In an unacceptable way.

تصرف بشكل مرفوض تماماً.

أمر مرفوض

— A rejected matter.

التأخير هو أمر مرفوض.

مرفوض ومستنكر

— Rejected and denounced.

هذا العمل مرفوض ومستنكر دولياً.

يبقى مرفوضاً

— Remains rejected.

الطلب يبقى مرفوضاً حتى إشعار آخر.

كان مرفوضاً

— Was rejected.

كل ما قاله كان مرفوضاً.

يصبح مرفوضاً

— Becomes rejected.

هذا السلوك يصبح مرفوضاً بمرور الوقت.

مرفوض اجتماعياً

— Socially rejected.

هذا التقليد أصبح مرفوضاً اجتماعياً.

よく混同される語

مرفوض vs ممنوع

Mamnū‘ means forbidden/prohibited by law, while marfūḍ means rejected/declined.

مرفوض vs مكروه

Makrūh means disliked or discouraged, usually in a religious context.

مرفوض vs خاطئ

Khāṭi’ means wrong or incorrect, while marfūḍ means not accepted.

慣用句と表現

"مرفوض جملة وتفصيلاً"

— Rejected in both whole and detail (completely).

رفض القاضي الدعوى جملة وتفصيلاً.

Formal

"مرفوض شكلاً وموضوعاً"

— Rejected in form and substance (technically and fundamentally).

كان الاستئناف مرفوضاً شكلاً وموضوعاً.

Legal

"ضرب به عرض الحائط"

— To throw something against the wall (to reject/ignore it completely).

ضرب بكلامي عرض الحائط (He rejected my words).

Metaphorical

"لا يقبل القسمة على اثنين"

— Does not accept division by two (non-negotiable/rejected if split).

هذا المبدأ لا يقبل القسمة على اثنين.

Rhetorical

"مرفوض قلباً وقالباً"

— Rejected in heart and form (entirely).

هذا المشروع مرفوض قلباً وقالباً.

Emphatic

"رُدَّ إليه بضاعته"

— His goods were returned to him (his argument was rejected).

كلامه رُدَّ إليه.

Classical/Literary

"خارج الحسابات"

— Out of calculations (rejected/ruled out).

هذا الخيار خارج الحسابات.

Modern

"لا غبار عليه"

— No dust on it (the opposite of rejected; perfectly acceptable).

هذا الرأي لا غبار عليه.

Idiomatic

"في سلة المهملات"

— In the trash can (rejected/discarded).

انتهى المقترح في سلة المهملات.

Informal

"مرفوض من الأساس"

— Rejected from the foundation (rejected from the start).

كانت الفكرة مرفوضة من الأساس.

Common

間違えやすい

مرفوض vs مرفوع

Similar spelling (only one letter difference: 'r' vs 'd').

Marfū‘ means raised or nominative (grammar), while marfūḍ means rejected.

العلم مرفوع (The flag is raised).

مرفوض vs مفروض

Anagrammatic similarity.

Mafrūḍ means imposed or assumed, while marfūḍ means rejected.

هذا الواجب مفروض علينا.

مرفوض vs مرفوضة

Grammatical variant.

Just the feminine form of marfūḍ.

الفكرة مرفوضة.

مرفوض vs رفض

Root noun.

Rafḍ is the noun 'rejection', marfūḍ is the adjective 'rejected'.

قررنا الرفض.

مرفوض vs مردود

Synonym.

Mardūd implies something sent back or refuted with evidence.

هذا القول مردود.

文型パターン

[Noun] مرفوض.

الطلب مرفوض.

هذا [Noun] مرفوض.

هذا العرض مرفوض.

كان [Noun] مرفوضاً بسبب [Reason].

كان الطلب مرفوضاً بسبب التأخير.

يعتبر [Noun] مرفوضاً من قبل [Agent].

يعتبر القانون مرفوضاً من قبل الشعب.

من المرفوض أن [Verb Phrase].

من المرفوض أن نتهاون في حقوقنا.

إن [Noun] مرفوض جملة وتفصيلاً.

إن هذا التدخل مرفوض جملة وتفصيلاً.

[Noun] مرفوض تماماً.

العنف مرفوض تماماً.

هل [Noun] مرفوض؟

هل الجواب مرفوض؟

語族

名詞

رفض (rafḍ - rejection)

رافض (rāfiḍ - rejector)

مرفوضية (marfūḍiyya - the state of being rejected)

動詞

رفض (rafaḍa - to refuse/reject)

يرفض (yarfuḍu - to refuse/reject)

ارتفض (irtafaḍa - to be rejected - rare)

形容詞

مرفوض (marfūḍ - rejected)

رفضي (rafḍī - rejectionist)

使い方

frequency

Very common in both spoken and written Arabic.

よくある間違い

Using marfūḍ for 'prohibited'. → Mamnū‘
Mamnū‘ is for laws; marfūḍ is for requests.
Forgetting the feminine 'a' for 'fikra'. → Fikra marfūḍa
Adjectives must match the gender of the noun.
Using it as a verb. → Rafaḍa
Marfūḍ is an adjective (rejected), rafaḍa is the verb (to reject).
Pronouncing it 'marfūd' with a light 'd'. → Marfūḍ (heavy D)
The 'ḍ' sound is crucial for the meaning.
Using it for 'wrong' in math. → Khaṭa’
Khaṭa’ is for accuracy; marfūḍ is for acceptance.

ヒント

Check the Tā’ Marbūṭa

Always look at the noun. If it has a Tā’ Marbūṭa, add one to marfūḍ to make it marfūḍa.

Polite Rejection

If you want to be softer, say 'Ghayr maqbūl' or 'Lā yumkin' instead of the blunt 'marfūḍ'.

The Deep D

Practice the 'ḍ' sound by placing your tongue against your upper molars.

Root Learning

Learn the verb 'rafaḍa' at the same time to understand the action behind the state.

Legal Context

In legal writing, 'marfūḍ' is often paired with 'shaklan wa mawḍū‘an' (in form and substance).

Administrative Red Ink

Visualize the word in red ink on a paper; this is its most common real-world appearance.

News Keywords

Listen for this word in news reports about UN resolutions or peace talks.

Marred Food

Remember: Marred food is marfūḍ (rejected).

Setting Boundaries

Use 'hādhā sulūk marfūḍ' to firmly but formally correct someone's behavior.

Avoid 'Mamnū‘'

Don't say a visa is 'mamnū‘' (illegal); say it is 'marfūḍ' (rejected).

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Mar-Food'. If the food is marred or spoiled, it is 'marfūḍ' (rejected).

視覚的連想

Imagine a giant red 'REJECTED' stamp hitting a document. The sound of the stamp is the 'ḍ' at the end of 'marfūḍ'.

Word Web

No Refuse Decline Visa Unacceptable Bad Logic Stamp

チャレンジ

Try to find three things in your room that you would label 'marfūḍ' and say it out loud with the correct gender agreement.

語源

From the Arabic triliteral root R-F-D (ر-ف-ض). In Classical Arabic, this root primarily meant to leave, to abandon, or to cast aside.

元の意味： The state of something being cast away or left behind.

Semitic (Afroasiatic)

文化的な背景

Be careful using 'marfūḍ' with people directly, as it can sound very harsh. 'Ghayr maqbūl' is often safer.

Equivalent to 'rejected' or 'out of the question'.

Used in UN resolutions regarding the Arab-Israeli conflict. Common in the lyrics of revolutionary Arabic songs. Frequently appears in the titles of opinion pieces in Arabic newspapers.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Visa Office

لماذا الطلب مرفوض؟
هل هناك أوراق ناقصة؟
متى يمكنني التقديم مرة أخرى؟
هذا القرار مرفوض.

School

الغش مرفوض.
هذا الجواب مرفوض.
التأخر مرفوض.
السلوك مرفوض.

Business

العرض مرفوض.
السعر مرفوض.
الشروط مرفوضة.
هذا العقد مرفوض.

Politics

القرار مرفوض دولياً.
المشروع مرفوض شعبياً.
التدخل مرفوض.
المعاهدة مرفوضة.

Daily Life

هذا مرفوض تماماً.
لا تقبل ما هو مرفوض.
الفكرة مرفوضة.
كلامك مرفوض.

会話のきっかけ

"ماذا تفعل إذا كان طلبك للحصول على وظيفة مرفوضاً؟"

"هل تعتقد أن بعض العادات القديمة يجب أن تكون مرفوضة اليوم؟"

"متى يكون قول 'هذا مرفوض' ضرورياً في حياتك؟"

"هل سبق وأن قدمت فكرة وكانت مرفوضة من أصدقائك؟"

"لماذا تكون بعض القرارات السياسية مرفوضة شعبياً في رأيك؟"

日記のテーマ

اكتب عن موقف شعرت فيه أن رأيك كان مرفوضاً وكيف تعاملت معه.

هل هناك سلوك اجتماعي تعتبره مرفوضاً تماماً؟ ولماذا؟

صف شعورك عندما ترى كلمة 'مرفوض' على وثيقة مهمة تخصك.

ناقش أهمية رفض الأشياء (الرفض) في بناء شخصية قوية.

اكتب رسالة تخيلية لمدير يرفض طلباً، مع ذكر الأسباب.

よくある質問

10 問

Yes, but it's very strong. It means the person is rejected/ostracized from a group. Usually, we describe their 'request' or 'behavior' as marfūḍ instead.

Marfūḍ is for requests or ideas (rejected). Mamnu‘ is for actions (prohibited, like smoking).

Yes, it is understood everywhere, though some dialects might use 'mish maqbul' or 'marfud' with a local accent.

For things, use 'marfūḍa' (feminine singular). For people, use 'marfūḍūn'.

It is an adjective (specifically a passive participle).

In essence, yes. It signifies a negative response to something presented.

It's better to use 'khaṭa' (wrong), but 'marfūḍ' can be used if the answer is unacceptable for a specific reason.

The most common opposite is 'maqbūl' (accepted).

Rarely. Rejection is usually negative, unless you are 'rejecting' something bad.

Use 'marfūḍ tamāman'.

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