مستوي 30秒で
- Means 'cooked' or 'done' for food.
- Indicates food is prepared properly by heat.
- Opposite of 'raw'.
- Used in everyday conversations about meals.
The Arabic word مستوي (mustawī) is an adjective that means 'cooked' or 'done' when referring to food. It specifically implies that something has been prepared properly through heating, reaching a state where it is ready to be eaten. Think of it as the opposite of 'raw' or 'undercooked'.
You'll commonly hear this word in everyday conversations about food preparation and dining. If someone is describing a meal they've cooked, or if you're ordering food, 'مستوي' is the go-to word to indicate that the food is cooked to perfection. It can also be used more broadly to describe something that is level or even, but its primary and most frequent usage in CEFR A2 contexts relates to cooked food.
- Usage Contexts
- Talking about cooking and meals: 'Did you cook the chicken?' 'Yes, it's well-cooked.' (نعم، إنه مستوي جيداً).
- Ordering food: 'I want my steak to be well-done.' (أريد شريحة اللحم الخاصة بي أن تكون مستوية جيداً).
- Describing the state of food: 'The rice is cooked perfectly.' (الأرز مستوي تماماً).
الخبز مستوي جيداً.
هل الدجاج مستوي؟
- Related Concepts
- 'خام' (khām) means 'raw', which is the direct opposite of 'مستوي' when talking about food.
- 'ناضج' (nāḍij) is another word for 'ripe' or 'mature', and can also mean 'cooked' or 'done', often implying a fuller, more developed state of being cooked.
السمك مستوي ولذيذ.
Using 'مستوي' (mustawī) in sentences is straightforward, especially when discussing food. The adjective typically follows the noun it describes, agreeing in gender and number. For food items, it indicates the state of being cooked.
- Basic Sentence Structure
- Noun + مستوي (or its variations)
For example, to say 'the chicken is cooked', you would say 'الدجاج مستوي' (ad-dajāj mustawī). If you're talking about multiple items, like 'the vegetables are cooked', you'd use the plural form if applicable or a form that agrees with the noun. However, for common food items, the singular adjective is often used.
اللحم مستوي جيداً.
- Adding Adverbs
- You can add adverbs like 'جيداً' (jayyidan - well) or 'تماماً' (tamāman - perfectly) to specify the degree of cooking.
Consider these examples:
Example 1: 'هل الأرز مستوي؟' (Hal al-aruzz mustawī?) - 'Is the rice cooked?' This is a common question when checking on a meal.
Example 2: 'أحب الخضروات مستوية.' (Uḥibbu al-khuḍrawāt mustawiyah.) - 'I like vegetables cooked.' Note the feminine ending '-ah' on 'مستوية' because 'خضروات' (vegetables) is a broken plural that often takes feminine singular agreement.
Example 3: 'هذه البيتزا مستوية تماماً.' (Hādhihi al-bītzā mustawiyah tamāman.) - 'This pizza is perfectly cooked.' Again, 'مستوية' agrees with 'بيتزا' (pizza), which is treated as feminine.
السمك لم يكن مستوي.
- Negation
- To negate it, you can use 'ليس' (laysa) or 'لم' (lam) before the verb or implied verb.
Example 4: 'الدجاج ليس مستوي.' (Ad-dajāj laysa mustawī.) - 'The chicken is not cooked.' This clearly indicates the food is undercooked.
Example 5: 'الخبز كان نصف مستوي.' (Al-khubz kāna niṣf mustawī.) - 'The bread was half-cooked.' This shows a more nuanced description.
You'll hear 'مستوي' (mustawī) in a multitude of everyday scenarios, primarily centered around food and its preparation. Its practicality makes it a staple in daily Arabic conversations.
- At Home
- When a family member is cooking, they might announce, 'الأكل مستوي!' (Al-akl mustawī!) - 'The food is ready/cooked!' Or, someone might ask, 'هل الرز مستوي؟' (Hal ar-ruzz mustawī?) - 'Is the rice cooked?' This is a very common domestic interaction.
الأرز مستوي.
- In Restaurants and Cafes
- When ordering, customers might specify how they want their food cooked. For instance, 'أريد الدجاج مستوي جيداً' (Urīdu ad-dajāj mustawī jayyidan) - 'I want the chicken well-done.' Waitstaff might also ask, 'كيف تحب شريحة اللحم؟ مستوية أم متوسطة؟' (Kayfa tuḥibbu sharīḥat al-laḥm? Mustawiyah am mutawassiṭah?) - 'How do you like your steak? Well-done or medium?'
Example: A waiter might say, 'هذه شريحة اللحم مستوية حسب طلبك.' (Hādhihi sharīḥat al-laḥm mustawiyah ḥasaba ṭalabik.) - 'This steak is cooked as you requested.'
شريحة اللحم مستوية.
- At the Market
- When buying meat or fish, discussions might touch upon how it will be cooked. A butcher might offer advice like, 'هذا النوع من السمك يكون مستوياً بشكل أفضل عند شويه.' (Hādhā an-nawʿ min as-samak yakūnu mustawiyan bi-shakl afḍal ʿinda shawyihi.) - ' This type of fish is best when grilled (cooked).' Although 'مستوياً' here is in the accusative case due to the verb 'يكون', the core meaning remains 'cooked'.
الخضار مستوية.
- Cooking Shows and Recipes
- In Arabic cooking shows or written recipes, you'll frequently encounter instructions like 'اطبخه حتى يصبح مستوياً' (Iṭbukh-hu ḥattā yuṣbiḥa mustawiyan) - 'Cook it until it becomes cooked/done.' Or a description of the final product: 'يجب أن يكون الكعك مستوياً من الداخل والخارج.' (Yajibu an yakūna al-kaʿk mustawiyan min ad-dākhil wal-khārij.) - 'The cake should be cooked inside and out.'
The word is intrinsically linked to the act of cooking and the desired outcome of edible, properly prepared food.
Learners of Arabic might make a few common mistakes when using 'مستوي' (mustawī), often related to gender agreement or confusing its primary meaning with secondary ones.
- 1. Gender Agreement Errors
- The most frequent error involves not adjusting the ending of 'مستوي' to agree with the gender of the noun it describes. While 'مستوي' is the masculine form, many food items, especially those that are treated as feminine singular (like 'بيتزا' - pizza, 'معكرونة' - pasta, or broken plurals like 'خضروات' - vegetables), require the feminine form 'مستوية' (mustawiyah).
Incorrect: 'الخضروات مستوي.' (Al-khuḍrawāt mustawī.)
Correct: 'الخضروات مستوية.' (Al-khuḍrawāt mustawiyah.)
Mistake: الخبز مستوي.
- 2. Confusing with 'Level' or 'Even'
- While 'مستوي' can indeed mean 'level' or 'even' (e.g., a level surface), its primary and most common usage, especially at the A2 CEFR level, is related to cooked food. Learners might mistakenly use it in contexts where 'level' is intended, or vice-versa, leading to confusion.
Example where 'level' is meant: 'الطاولة مستوية.' (Aṭ-ṭāwilah mustawiyah.) - 'The table is level.' Here, 'مستوية' correctly agrees with the feminine noun 'طاولة'.
Potential Confusion: Using 'مستوي' to describe something abstractly 'even' when a different word might be more appropriate, or assuming it *only* means 'cooked'.
Mistake: الطعام مستوي.
- 3. Overuse or Misapplication
- Sometimes learners might try to use 'مستوي' to describe something that is simply 'ready' or 'prepared' in a non-culinary sense, where other words would be more suitable. For example, saying 'التقرير مستوي' (Ar-ra'pōrt mustawī) - 'The report is cooked' - would be nonsensical. It should be 'جاهز' (jāhiz - ready).
Mistake: أنا مستوي.
While 'مستوي' (mustawī) is the most common word for 'cooked' or 'done' in Arabic, especially at the A2 level, there are other related terms and nuances to consider.
- 1. ناضج (Nāḍij)
- Meaning: Ripe, mature, cooked, done.
- Usage: 'ناضج' often implies a state of full development or ripeness, which can apply to fruits ('فاكهة ناضجة' - ripe fruit) as well as food being properly cooked. It can sometimes suggest a more thorough or complete state of cooking than 'مستوي', implying it's ready to eat and fully developed in flavor and texture.
- Example: 'هذه الطماطم ناضجة.' (Hādhihi aṭ-ṭamāṭim nāḍijah.) - 'This tomato is ripe.' vs. 'اللحم ناضج.' (Al-laḥm nāḍij.) - 'The meat is cooked/done.'
- Comparison: 'مستوي' focuses on the process of being heated to completion, while 'ناضج' can encompass both ripeness (for fruits) and the state of being fully cooked and ready.
الخبز مستوي.
- 2. مطبوخ (Maṭbūkh)
- Meaning: Cooked, prepared by cooking.
- Usage: This is the passive participle of the verb 'طبخ' (ṭabakha - to cook). It's a very direct translation of 'cooked'. It describes something that has undergone the process of cooking.
- Example: 'هذا الطبق مطبوخ جيداً.' (Hādhā aṭ-ṭabaq maṭbūkh jayyidan.) - 'This dish is cooked well.'
- Comparison: 'مطبوخ' is very similar to 'مستوي' when referring to food. 'مستوي' often implies the *state* of being cooked to perfection, while 'مطبوخ' simply states that the cooking process has occurred. Sometimes 'مستوي' carries a stronger connotation of being 'done' or 'ready to eat'.
اللحم مطبوخ.
- 3. جاهز (Jāhiz)
- Meaning: Ready, prepared.
- Usage: This word is broader than 'مستوي'. It means something is prepared and ready for use or consumption. While cooked food is often ready, 'جاهز' can apply to non-food items as well.
- Example: 'الطعام جاهز للأكل.' (Aṭ-ṭaʿām jāhiz lil-akl.) - 'The food is ready to eat.' This implies it is cooked and prepared.
- Comparison: 'جاهز' indicates readiness, which is often a consequence of being cooked ('مستوي' or 'مطبوخ'). You wouldn't say food is 'جاهز' if it's raw, but you could say it's 'مستوي' even if it's not yet served.
- 4. خام (Khām)
- Meaning: Raw, uncooked.
- Usage: This is the direct antonym of 'مستوي' when referring to food. It describes something that has not been cooked.
- Example: 'لا تأكل اللحم نيئاً، إنه خام.' (Lā taʾkul al-laḥm nayyiʾan, innahu khām.) - 'Don't eat raw meat, it is raw.' (Here 'نيئاً' is also used for raw, and 'خام' reinforces it).
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
The root س-و-ي (s-w-y) is incredibly versatile. It gives us words like 'سواء' (sawā' - equal, same), 'سوى' (siwā - except, besides), and even the concept of 'equality'. The idea of 'completeness' or 'being done' in cooking is a natural extension of 'becoming level' or 'becoming whole'.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing the 'u' in 'mus' as a long 'oo' sound.
- Not elongating the final 'ee' sound in 'wee'.
- Incorrectly stressing the first or last syllable instead of the second.
難易度
At the A2 level, 'مستوي' is encountered frequently in written texts related to food, such as simple recipes or menus. Understanding its primary meaning is straightforward, but recognizing gender agreement might require practice.
Learners at A2 can use 'مستوي' in simple written sentences. The main challenge is ensuring correct gender agreement when describing different food items.
Speaking with 'مستوي' is common in everyday conversations about food. Pronunciation and ensuring correct agreement in spoken sentences are key focus areas.
Recognizing 'مستوي' in spoken Arabic is generally easy due to its common usage in contexts related to food. Understanding the nuances of its pronunciation and agreement is important.
次に学ぶべきこと
前提知識
次に学ぶ
上級
知っておくべき文法
Gender Agreement of Adjectives
The adjective 'مستوي' must agree in gender with the noun it describes. For masculine nouns, it is 'مستوي'. For feminine nouns or broken plurals treated as feminine singular, it becomes 'مستوية'. Example: 'الدجاج مستوي' (masculine noun) vs. 'الخضروات مستوية' (broken plural treated as feminine singular).
The Use of 'كان' with Adjectives
To describe the state of something in the past, use 'كان' followed by the noun and the adjective in the accusative case. Example: 'كان اللحم مستوياً.' (The meat was cooked.)
Negation with 'ليس'
To negate an adjective describing a state, use 'ليس' before the adjective. Example: 'الطعام ليس مستوياً.' (The food is not cooked.)
Negation with 'لم'
To negate a past action or state, use 'لم' followed by the imperfect verb and the adjective in the accusative case. Example: 'لم يكن الدجاج مستوياً.' (The chicken was not cooked.)
Adjectives in Apposition
Adjectives can sometimes follow a noun directly to describe it, especially in simple descriptive sentences. Example: 'سمك مستوي.' (Cooked fish.)
レベル別の例文
خبز مستوي.
Bread cooked.
Simple noun + adjective.
أرز.
Rice.
Basic noun.
مستوي.
Cooked.
Adjective in isolation.
ماء.
Water.
Basic noun.
تفاحة.
Apple.
Basic noun (feminine).
مستوي جيداً.
Cooked well.
Adjective + adverb.
دجاج.
Chicken.
Basic noun.
طعام.
Food.
Basic noun.
هل الدجاج مستوي؟
Is the chicken cooked?
Question with noun + masculine adjective.
الأرز مستوي.
The rice is cooked.
Noun + masculine adjective.
الخبز مستوي جيداً.
The bread is well-cooked.
Noun + adjective + adverb.
أريد سمك مستوي.
I want cooked fish.
Verb + noun + adjective.
الخضروات مستوية.
The vegetables are cooked.
Noun (broken plural) + feminine adjective.
هذا الطعام ليس مستوي.
This food is not cooked.
Demonstrative + noun + negation + adjective.
اللحم مستوي.
The meat is cooked.
Noun + masculine adjective.
هل البيتزا مستوية؟
Is the pizza cooked?
Question with noun (feminine) + feminine adjective.
أحب أن يكون الدجاج مستوياً تماماً.
I like the chicken to be perfectly cooked.
Verb + noun + masculine adjective in accusative case after 'أن يكون'.
السمك لم يكن مستوياً بشكل كافٍ.
The fish was not cooked enough.
Noun + negation + masculine adjective in accusative case after 'كان'.
قال الطاهي إن الأرز مستوٍ.
The chef said the rice is cooked.
Reported speech, adjective agreement.
هل تفضل اللحم مستوياً أم متوسطاً؟
Do you prefer the meat well-done or medium?
Comparison of cooking levels, adjective in accusative.
هذه الخضروات مستوية ولكنها فقدت لونها.
These vegetables are cooked but have lost their color.
Compound sentence with feminine adjective.
أريد شريحة لحم مستوية جيداً.
I want a well-done steak.
Object of desire with adjective and adverb.
كان الطعام مستوياً ولكنه بارد.
The food was cooked but it was cold.
Past tense with adjective.
تأكد أن الكعك مستوٍ من الداخل.
Make sure the cake is cooked inside.
Imperative with adjective and prepositional phrase.
لقد تم طهي الدجاج حتى أصبح مستوياً بالكامل، مما يضمن سلامته.
The chicken has been cooked until it is completely done, ensuring its safety.
Passive voice, adverbial phrase, subordinate clause.
يعتمد مذاق الأرز بشكل كبير على درجة استوائه.
The taste of rice depends greatly on its degree of doneness.
Abstract noun derived from adjective, genitive construction.
إذا كان الخبز مستوياً من الخارج وقاسياً من الداخل، فهذا يعني أنه لم يخبز لوقت كافٍ.
If the bread is cooked on the outside and hard on the inside, it means it hasn't baked long enough.
Conditional sentence, contrasting states.
يرى البعض أن السمك يكون ألذ عندما يكون مستوياً بشكل خفيف.
Some believe that fish is tastier when it is lightly cooked.
Opinion statement, nuanced description of cooking level.
يجب أن تكون الصلصة مستوية جيداً قبل إضافتها إلى الطبق الرئيسي.
The sauce must be well-cooked before adding it to the main dish.
Obligation, compound predicate.
تختلف درجة استواء شرائح اللحم حسب التفضيلات الشخصية.
The degree of doneness for steaks varies according to personal preferences.
Abstract noun, variation, genitive.
من الضروري التأكد من أن الطعام مستوٍ تماماً عند تقديمه للأطفال.
It is essential to ensure that the food is completely cooked when serving it to children.
Impersonal construction, emphasis on safety.
استوى الطبق بسرعة، لكنه لم يكن مستوياً من الداخل.
The dish cooked quickly, but it wasn't cooked through on the inside.
Contrast between speed and thoroughness of cooking.
إن فن الطهي يكمن في تحقيق التوازن المثالي لجعل المكونات مستوية بشكل يبرز أفضل ما فيها.
The art of cooking lies in achieving the perfect balance to make ingredients cooked in a way that highlights their best qualities.
Abstract concepts, nuanced description of cooking's role.
تُعد درجة استواء الخضروات عاملًا حاسمًا في تحديد القيمة الغذائية والجاذبية البصرية للطبق.
The degree of doneness of vegetables is a crucial factor in determining the nutritional value and visual appeal of the dish.
Formal vocabulary, abstract noun, consequential relationship.
غالبًا ما يُساء فهم مفهوم 'مستوي' في بعض الثقافات، حيث يُفضل تناول بعض الأطعمة شبه نيئة.
The concept of 'cooked' is often misunderstood in some cultures, where some foods are preferred to be eaten semi-raw.
Discussion of cultural differences, nuanced interpretation of 'cooked'.
يعتمد نجاح وصفة المعكرونة بشكل كبير على ضمان أن تكون مستوية 'al dente'، أي مطهوة ولكن مع قوام مميز.
The success of a pasta recipe largely depends on ensuring it is cooked 'al dente', meaning cooked but with a distinct texture.
Incorporation of loanwords, specific culinary term explanation.
إن إتقان فن جعل اللحم مستوياً حسب الدرجة المطلوبة يتطلب خبرة ودقة فائقة.
Mastering the art of making meat cooked to the desired level requires great experience and precision.
Emphasis on skill, precision, and mastery.
تُشير بعض الدراسات إلى أن الأطعمة التي تُطهى لفترات طويلة جدًا قد تفقد بعضًا من خصائصها الغذائية، حتى لو كانت مستوية.
Some studies indicate that foods cooked for very long periods may lose some of their nutritional properties, even if they are cooked.
Reference to scientific studies, discussion of nutritional impact.
كانت المناقشة حول درجة استواء الطبق محتدمة، حيث اختلف كل شخص حول ما يعتبر 'مستوياً' بشكل مثالي.
The discussion about the dish's degree of doneness was heated, as each person differed on what is considered perfectly 'cooked'.
Describing a debate, subjective nature of 'perfectly cooked'.
في سياق هندسي، يُستخدم مصطلح 'مستوٍ' لوصف سطح متساوٍ تمامًا وخالٍ من أي انحناءات.
In a geometric context, the term 'level' is used to describe a perfectly even surface devoid of any curves.
Explaining the secondary, geometric meaning of the word.
إن فن إعداد الطعام لا يقتصر على جعله مستوياً فحسب، بل يتعداه إلى تحقيق الانسجام التام بين النكهات والقوام، مما يرتقي به إلى مستوى فني.
The art of food preparation is not limited to merely making it cooked, but extends to achieving complete harmony between flavors and textures, elevating it to an artistic level.
Philosophical discussion of culinary arts, elevated language.
تُعد درجة استواء الأرز، سواء كان 'مستوياً' تماماً أو 'نصف مستوٍ' كما في بعض الأطباق الآسيوية، محددًا أساسيًا لجودة الطبق النهائية.
The degree of doneness of rice, whether it is 'completely cooked' or 'half-cooked' as in some Asian dishes, is a fundamental determinant of the final dish's quality.
Acknowledging nuanced culinary traditions, precise terminology.
لطالما شكلت المفارقة بين 'مستوٍ' و'ناضج' تحديًا للمترجمين، حيث تتداخل معانيهما في سياقات مختلفة، وإن كان 'مستوٍ' يركز أكثر على عملية الطهي الحراري.
The paradox between 'cooked' and 'ripe/mature' has long posed a challenge for translators, as their meanings overlap in different contexts, although 'cooked' focuses more on the thermal cooking process.
Linguistic analysis, etymological and semantic distinctions.
في سياقات الفيزياء أو الهندسة، يُستخدم مصطلح 'مستوٍ' للدلالة على سطح لا يمتلك أي تحدب أو تقعر، مما يجعله مثالياً للتطبيقات التي تتطلب دقة فائقة.
In physics or engineering contexts, the term 'level' is used to denote a surface that possesses no convexity or concavity, making it ideal for applications requiring extreme precision.
Highly technical application of the secondary meaning.
تُشكل درجة استواء شرائح اللحم، من 'نادر' إلى 'كامل الاستواء'، فنًا بحد ذاته يتطلب فهمًا عميقًا لتفاعلات البروتين والحرارة.
The degree of doneness of steaks, from 'rare' to 'well-done', constitutes an art form in itself that requires a deep understanding of protein and heat interactions.
Sophisticated culinary discourse, scientific underpinning.
إن استخدام كلمة 'مستوٍ' لوصف حالة الطعام يشي بمدى تطور الثقافة الغذائية، حيث لم يعد الأمر مجرد إشباع للجوع، بل تحول إلى تجربة حسية وفنية.
The use of the word 'cooked' to describe the state of food reflects the evolution of food culture, where it is no longer just about satisfying hunger, but has transformed into a sensory and artistic experience.
Sociocultural analysis of language and food.
لقد تفاجأت بمدى استواء الكعك في الفرن الجديد؛ كان مثالياً من الخارج والداخل، مما يدل على تحكم دقيق في درجة الحرارة.
I was surprised by how well-done the cake was in the new oven; it was perfect inside and out, indicating precise temperature control.
Personal reflection, emphasis on precision and perfection.
يُمكن اعتبار مصطلح 'مستوٍ' مجازيًا لوصف حالة من التوازن أو الاكتمال، كما في عبارة 'شخص مستوٍ في تفكيره'.
The term 'level' can be used metaphorically to describe a state of balance or completeness, as in the phrase 'a person who is level-headed in their thinking'.
Exploration of metaphorical and abstract applications.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— Well-cooked. This phrase is used to indicate that food has been cooked thoroughly and is ready to eat.
أريد شريحة اللحم مستوية جيداً، من فضلك.
— Is it cooked? This is a common question to check the state of food.
هل الأرز مستوي؟ أحتاج إلى معرفة ما إذا كان جاهزاً.
— Not cooked / Undercooked. Used to describe food that has not reached the desired state of being cooked.
الدجاج ليس مستوياً، يجب أن نطبخه أكثر.
— Perfectly cooked. This phrase emphasizes that the food is cooked to perfection.
هذه البيتزا مستوية تماماً، تبدو لذيذة.
— Cooked on the inside. Used to specify the internal state of cooking, especially for larger items.
تأكد أن الكعك مستوٍ من الداخل قبل تقديمه.
— Cooked on the outside. Used to describe the external state of cooking.
الخبز مستوٍ من الخارج ولكنه لا يزال طرياً.
— Half-cooked / Partially cooked. Used for specific culinary styles where food is not fully cooked.
بعض الناس يفضلون البيض نصف مستوٍ.
— Cooked food. A general term for food that has been cooked.
نحن نبحث عن طعام مستوي وصحي.
— Cooked meat. Specifically refers to meat that has been cooked.
أنا أحب لحم البقر مستوياً جيداً.
— Cooked fish. Specifically refers to fish that has been cooked.
هذا السمك مستوي بشكل مثالي.
よく混同される語
While both words share the same root, 'مستوى' (mustawā) is a noun meaning 'level', 'standard', or 'degree'. 'مستوي' (mustawī) is an adjective meaning 'cooked' or 'level'. The pronunciation is similar but the context clarifies the meaning. For example, 'مستوى المعيشة' (standard of living) vs. 'طعام مستوي' (cooked food).
'ناضج' (nāḍij) can mean both 'ripe' (for fruits) and 'cooked/mature' for food. While often interchangeable with 'مستوي' for cooked food, 'ناضج' might imply a fuller, more developed state of readiness or ripeness, whereas 'مستوي' focuses more on the process of being heated to completion.
'مطبوخ' (maṭbūkh) is a very close synonym for 'مستوي' when referring to food. Both mean 'cooked'. 'مستوي' sometimes carries a stronger implication of being 'done' or 'perfectly cooked', while 'مطبوخ' simply states that the cooking process has occurred.
間違えやすい
Similar pronunciation and shared root.
'مستوي' (mustawī) is primarily an adjective meaning 'cooked' or 'level'. 'مستوى' (mustawā) is a noun meaning 'level', 'standard', or 'degree'. You cook food until it is 'مستوي', but you measure the 'مستوى' of something. Example: 'الطعام مستوي' (The food is cooked) vs. 'مستوى السكر' (The sugar level).
الطعام مستوي. مستوى السكر في الدم.
Both can mean 'cooked' or 'ready'.
'مستوي' (mustawī) specifically refers to food being cooked by heat and ready to eat. 'ناضج' (nāḍij) can mean 'ripe' (for fruits) or 'fully developed/cooked' for food. 'ناضج' often implies a state of maturity or completeness beyond just being heated. Example: 'الفاكهة ناضجة' (The fruit is ripe) vs. 'اللحم مستوي' (The meat is cooked). Both can apply to cooked food, but 'مستوي' is more direct for the cooking process itself.
الفاكهة ناضجة. اللحم مستوي.
Both mean 'cooked'.
'مستوي' (mustawī) emphasizes the state of being 'done' or 'perfectly cooked', implying readiness and proper preparation through heat. 'مطبوخ' (maṭbūkh) is the passive participle of 'طبخ' (to cook) and simply states that the cooking process has occurred. While very similar, 'مستوي' can sometimes imply a higher degree of perfection or completion. Example: 'الدجاج مطبوخ' (The chicken is cooked) vs. 'الدجاج مستوي جيداً' (The chicken is well-cooked).
الدجاج مطبوخ. الدجاج مستوي جيداً.
Cooked food is often ready to eat.
'مستوي' (mustawī) specifically means 'cooked' by heat. 'جاهز' (jāhiz) means 'ready' or 'prepared' and can apply to anything that is ready for use or consumption, not just food. Cooked food is usually 'جاهز', but something 'جاهز' isn't necessarily 'مستوي' (e.g., a prepared report is 'جاهز' but not 'مستوي'). Example: 'الطعام مستوي' (The food is cooked) vs. 'الطعام جاهز' (The food is ready).
الطعام مستوي. الطعام جاهز.
It's the direct opposite.
'مستوي' (mustawī) means 'cooked'. 'خام' (khām) means 'raw' or 'uncooked'. They are antonyms in the context of food preparation. Example: 'أفضل اللحم مستوياً، لا خاماً.' (I prefer meat cooked, not raw).
اللحم مستوي. اللحم خام.
文型パターン
Noun + مستوي
خبز مستوي.
هل + Noun + مستوي؟
هل الدجاج مستوي؟
Noun + مستوية
الخضروات مستوية.
Noun + مستوي + Adverb
الأرز مستوي جيداً.
كان + Noun + مستوياً
كان اللحم مستوياً.
لم + Verb + Noun + مستوياً
لم يكن الطعام مستوياً.
Noun + مستوٍ + من + Location
الكعك مستوٍ من الداخل.
Noun + مستوٍ + بشكل + Adverb
السمك مستوٍ بشكل خفيف.
語族
名詞
動詞
形容詞
関連
使い方
Very high, especially in contexts related to food.
-
Using 'مستوي' for a feminine noun without changing the ending.
→
Using 'مستوية' for feminine nouns or broken plurals.
The adjective must agree in gender with the noun. For example, 'الخضروات' (vegetables) is a broken plural often treated as feminine singular, so it requires 'مستوية', not 'مستوي'. Correct: 'الخضروات مستوية.' Incorrect: 'الخضروات مستوي.'
-
Confusing 'cooked' with 'level' in the wrong context.
→
Using 'مستوي' for cooked food and 'مستوٍ' (or 'مستوى' as a noun) for surfaces or abstract levels.
While the word has two meanings, context usually clarifies. Saying 'طعام مستوٍ' (cooked food) is correct, but if the context is about a flat surface, 'طعام مستوٍ' would be incorrect. The meaning 'level' is more common for inanimate objects or abstract concepts.
-
Not negating correctly.
→
Using 'غير مستوٍ' or 'لم يكن مستوياً'.
Simply saying 'لا مستوي' is not the standard way to negate. Use 'غير مستوٍ' (not cooked) or 'لم يكن مستوياً' (it was not cooked) for past negation. Example: 'الطعام غير مستوٍ.' (The food is not cooked.)
-
Using 'مستوي' for things that are 'ready' but not cooked.
→
Using 'جاهز' for readiness and 'مستوي' specifically for being cooked.
'جاهز' means 'ready' and can apply to many things (a report, a person). 'مستوي' specifically means cooked by heat. Saying 'التقرير مستوي' (The report is cooked) is incorrect; it should be 'التقرير جاهز' (The report is ready).
-
Incorrect pronunciation of the final syllable.
→
Pronouncing it as 'wee' (like in 'sweet').
The final part of 'مستوي' sounds like the English word 'wee'. Mispronouncing it can lead to confusion. Practice saying 'mus-ta-WEE' clearly.
ヒント
Gender Agreement is Key
Remember that 'مستوي' changes form based on the noun it describes. Use 'مستوي' for masculine nouns and 'مستوية' for feminine nouns or broken plurals. This is crucial for accurate communication.
Context is Everything
While 'مستوي' most commonly means 'cooked', it can also mean 'level'. Pay attention to the surrounding words and the situation to determine the intended meaning. 'طعام مستوي' (cooked food) versus 'سطح مستوٍ' (level surface).
Master the 'wee' sound
The final syllable '-وي' in 'مستوي' is pronounced like 'wee' in English. Make sure to elongate this sound slightly for correct pronunciation. Practice saying 'mus-ta-WEE'.
Use with Adverbs for Detail
To be more specific, add adverbs like 'جيداً' (well) or 'تماماً' (perfectly) after 'مستوي'. This adds nuance to your description, such as 'مستوي جيداً' (well-cooked) or 'مستوي تماماً' (perfectly cooked).
Connect to 'Level'
Link the meaning of 'cooked' to the idea of being 'level' or 'even'. When food is cooked properly, it's often cooked evenly. This mnemonic can help you remember the word and its primary meaning.
Describe Your Meals
Actively use 'مستوي' when talking or writing about food. Describe the dishes you eat, whether they are 'مستوي', 'غير مستوٍ', or 'مستوي جيداً'. This active recall strengthens your memory.
Know Your Synonyms
Be aware of similar words like 'مطبوخ' and 'ناضج'. While often interchangeable for 'cooked', understanding their subtle differences can help you choose the most precise word for your context.
In the Kitchen and Beyond
Use 'مستوي' confidently when ordering food, discussing recipes, or commenting on meals. Its versatility makes it a valuable word for everyday interactions.
Past Tense with 'كان'
To talk about food that was cooked in the past, use 'كان' followed by the noun and the adjective in the accusative case. For example: 'كان الدجاج مستوياً.' (The chicken was cooked).
Food is Central
In Arabic-speaking cultures, food preparation and quality are highly valued. Using 'مستوي' correctly shows respect and understanding of culinary norms.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Think of a perfectly 'level' playing field for your food – it's all cooked evenly! Or, imagine food that is so 'sweet' (sounds a bit like 'swee' in mustawī) and perfectly done, it's a treat.
視覚的連想
Picture a perfectly flat, smooth plate (level) filled with food that is cooked to perfection. The evenness of the plate mirrors the evenness of the cooking.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Try describing your last meal using 'مستوي'. Did you eat something 'مستوي جيداً'? Was it 'مستوي تماماً'? Or perhaps, 'ليس مستوياً'?
語源
The word 'مستوي' (mustawī) originates from the Arabic root س-و-ي (s-w-y), which generally relates to being equal, level, straight, or complete. This root is fundamental to many Arabic words concerning balance, uniformity, and completion. The verb 'استوى' (istawā) means to become level, even, or to become fully developed or cooked. 'مستوي' is the active participle of this verb, indicating the state of having become so.
元の意味： To become level, even, straight, or complete.
Semitic文化的な背景
No particular sensitivities are associated with this word, beyond the general importance of food in most cultures.
In English-speaking cultures, 'cooked' is the primary term. We also use 'done', 'well-done', 'medium', 'rare' to describe the level of cooking. The idea of 'level' for food is less common, but 'level-headed' exists for people.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Ordering food at a restaurant
- أريد شريحة لحم مستوية جيداً.
- هل السمك مستوي؟
- كيف تحبها مستوية؟
Discussing home cooking
- الأرز مستوي.
- الدجاج ليس مستوياً بعد.
- الخبز مستوي تماماً.
At a market or grocery store
- هل هذا اللحم مستوي؟ (referring to pre-cooked items)
- هذا الدجاج يحتاج أن يكون مستوياً.
Reading recipes
- اطبخه حتى يصبح مستوياً.
- تأكد أن الكعك مستوٍ.
- يجب أن يكون مستوياً من الداخل.
Describing preferences
- أفضل الخضروات مستوية.
- أحب السمك مستوياً قليلاً.
- أنا لا أحب الطعام غير مستوٍ.
会話のきっかけ
"What did you have for dinner last night? Was everything cooked properly?"
"Do you prefer your meat cooked rare, medium, or well-done?"
"When you cook, what's the most important thing to you: taste, texture, or making sure it's fully cooked?"
"What's your favorite dish that involves a lot of cooking? How do you like it cooked?"
"Have you ever had food that wasn't cooked enough? What happened?"
日記のテーマ
Describe a meal you recently cooked. Were all the components cooked to your satisfaction? Use the word 'مستوي' to describe the state of the food.
Imagine you are a chef. How would you describe the perfect level of 'doneness' for your signature dish? Use 'مستوي' and related terms.
Think about a time you ate something that was undercooked or overcooked. How did it affect your experience? Use 'مستوي' and its negation.
Write a short dialogue between two friends discussing a meal they are about to eat. One friend is concerned about whether the food is cooked properly.
Explore the connection between 'مستوي' (cooked) and 'مستوٍ' (level/even). Can you think of any metaphorical connections or situations where these meanings might subtly overlap?
よくある質問
10 問Both 'مستوي' (mustawī) and 'مطبوخ' (maṭbūkh) mean 'cooked'. They are often used interchangeably. However, 'مستوي' can sometimes imply a state of being 'done' or 'perfectly cooked', suggesting readiness and proper preparation, while 'مطبوخ' simply states that the cooking process has occurred. For example, 'الدجاج مستوي جيداً' (The chicken is well-cooked) emphasizes the quality, while 'الدجاج مطبوخ' (The chicken is cooked) is a more general statement.
Primarily, yes, 'مستوي' is used to describe food that is cooked. However, it also has a secondary meaning of 'level' or 'even', similar to the English word 'level'. For instance, 'طاولة مستوية' (ṭāwilah mustawiyah) means 'a level table'. Context is key to distinguishing between these two meanings.
This depends on the gender of the noun you are describing. 'مستوي' is used for masculine nouns (e.g., 'الدجاج مستوي' - the chicken is cooked). 'مستوية' is used for feminine nouns (e.g., 'البيتزا مستوية' - the pizza is cooked) and for broken plurals that are treated as feminine singular (e.g., 'الخضروات مستوية' - the vegetables are cooked).
The most common opposite of 'مستوي' when referring to food is 'خام' (khām) or 'نيء' (nayyi'), both meaning 'raw' or 'uncooked'. For example, 'أفضل اللحم مستوياً، لا خاماً.' (I prefer meat cooked, not raw).
Yes, 'مستوي' also means 'level' or 'even'. For example, 'الأرض مستوية' (al-arḍu mustawiyah - the ground is level) or 'سطح مستوٍ' (saṭḥ mustawin - a level surface). This meaning is derived from the same root that means 'to become equal' or 'to become level'.
'مستوي' is a neutral word and is very common in both everyday spoken Arabic and in written contexts like recipes or menus. It's not considered slang or overly formal.
'مستوي جيداً' (mustawī jayyidan) means 'well-cooked'. It's used to emphasize that the food has been cooked thoroughly and is ready to eat. It's a very common phrase when ordering food or describing a meal.
You can say 'غير مستوٍ' (ghayr mustawī) which literally means 'not cooked'. For example, 'الدجاج غير مستوٍ' (The chicken is undercooked). You might also hear phrases like 'لم يكن مستوياً' (it was not cooked).
'ناضج' (nāḍij) can mean 'ripe' (for fruits) or 'cooked/mature' for food. While often interchangeable for cooked food, 'ناضج' might imply a fuller, more developed state. For example, 'الفاكهة ناضجة' (The fruit is ripe) is common. For cooked food, 'ناضج' can suggest it's fully ready and has reached its optimal cooked state, similar to 'well-done'.
The noun forms related to 'مستوي' are 'استواء' (istiwā'), which means 'the state of being cooked' or 'levelness', and 'مستوى' (mustawā), which means 'level', 'standard', or 'degree'.
自分をテスト 10 問
/ 10 correct
Perfect score!
Summary
In Arabic, 'مستوي' (mustawī) is the primary adjective for describing food that has been cooked and is ready to eat. It implies proper preparation by heat and is the opposite of raw. You'll hear it frequently when discussing meals, ordering food, or checking if dishes are ready.
- Means 'cooked' or 'done' for food.
- Indicates food is prepared properly by heat.
- Opposite of 'raw'.
- Used in everyday conversations about meals.
Gender Agreement is Key
Remember that 'مستوي' changes form based on the noun it describes. Use 'مستوي' for masculine nouns and 'مستوية' for feminine nouns or broken plurals. This is crucial for accurate communication.
Context is Everything
While 'مستوي' most commonly means 'cooked', it can also mean 'level'. Pay attention to the surrounding words and the situation to determine the intended meaning. 'طعام مستوي' (cooked food) versus 'سطح مستوٍ' (level surface).
Master the 'wee' sound
The final syllable '-وي' in 'مستوي' is pronounced like 'wee' in English. Make sure to elongate this sound slightly for correct pronunciation. Practice saying 'mus-ta-WEE'.
Use with Adverbs for Detail
To be more specific, add adverbs like 'جيداً' (well) or 'تماماً' (perfectly) after 'مستوي'. This adds nuance to your description, such as 'مستوي جيداً' (well-cooked) or 'مستوي تماماً' (perfectly cooked).
例文
تأكد من أن اللحم مستوٍ جيداً قبل تقديمه.
関連コンテンツ
foodの関連語
أعدّ
A1何かを使える状態や食べられる状態に準備すること。
عدس
A2「アダス」はアラビア語でレンズ豆を意味します。スープによく使われます。
عجين
A2生地（アジーン）は、小麦粉と液体を混ぜた、焼く前の柔らかい塊のことです。
عنب
A2アラビア語の「عنب」はブドウを意味します。房になって実る果物です。
عسل
A2蜂蜜。ミツバチが花の蜜から作る甘い物質。
عصير
A1Juice.
عَصير
A2ジュースは、果物や野菜を絞って出た液体です。アラビア語では「アシール」と言います。
عطري
A2この形容詞は「芳香のある」や「香り高い」を意味します。花や香水に使われます。
ابتلع
A1口の中のものを喉を通って胃に送り込むこと。
أضاف
A1何かを別のものに足して、全体の量を増やすこと。
