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يَأْمُرُ

A2 verb #4,000 よく出る 7分で読める

يَأْمُرُ

ya'muru 上位4,000

練習する例文メモとヒント يَأْمُرُ 30秒で

解説 يَأْمُرُ in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should recognize 'ya'muru' as a basic verb meaning 'to order.' You will mostly see it in very simple sentences like 'The teacher orders the student' or 'The father orders the boy.' At this stage, don't worry too much about the complex grammar of the preposition 'bi.' Just focus on the fact that this word describes someone in charge telling someone else what to do. Think of it as the 'boss' word. You might see it in simple stories where a king or a leader gives a basic direction. It is important to distinguish it from 'yakulu' (to eat) or 'yashrabu' (to drink) as it is an action of the mouth and the mind. Try to remember the sound: Ya-muru. It sounds strong and firm, like a command should.

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At the A2 level, you are expected to understand how to form simple sentences using 'ya'muru.' You should start using the preposition 'bi' (بـ) after the person being ordered. For example, 'The mother orders her daughter to clean' (الأم تأمر ابنتها بالتنظيف). You should also be able to conjugate it for the most common pronouns: he (ya'muru), she (ta'muru), and they (ya'muruna). You will begin to see this word in short news clips or slightly more advanced reading passages about history or famous leaders. It is also a good time to learn the noun form 'Amr' (order/matter) so you can see the relationship between the verb and the concept of an 'order.'

By B1, you should be comfortable using 'ya'muru' in both the 'bi + noun' construction and the 'an + subjunctive verb' construction. For instance, 'The manager orders the staff that they attend the meeting' (المدير يأمر الموظفين أن يحضروا الاجتماع). You should also understand the passive form 'yu'maru' (is ordered). You will encounter this verb frequently in religious contexts, such as the Quran or Hadith, and in formal documents or historical texts. You should be able to discuss the nuances of why a writer chose 'ya'muru' instead of 'yatlubu' (requests), recognizing the authority implied in the former. Your vocabulary should also include common collocations like 'ya'muru bil-ma'ruf' (enjoining good).

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At the B2 level, you should have a nuanced understanding of 'ya'muru' across various registers. You can use it to describe legal decrees, military commands, and philosophical imperatives. You should be able to identify the root (A-M-R) and its derivatives like 'Aamir' (commander), 'Ma'mur' (subordinate/ordered), and 'I'timar' (consultation/conference). You can analyze texts where the verb is used metaphorically, such as 'Nature commands us to survive.' You should also be aware of the historical and political weight of the word, especially in the context of 'Amir' (Prince/Commander). Your writing should reflect the correct use of the Hamza, especially in the first-person 'Āmuru.'

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At the C1 level, you are analyzing the stylistic use of 'ya'muru' in classical and modern literature. You understand the subtle shift in meaning when the verb is used with different prepositions or in specific rhetorical structures. You can discuss the theological implications of 'Al-Amr' in Islamic philosophy and how the verb 'ya'muru' functions in legal theory (Usul al-Fiqh). You are capable of using the verb in complex, high-level academic or professional writing to describe institutional mandates or executive orders. You also recognize archaic uses of the verb in ancient poetry where it might carry connotations of fate or divine destiny.

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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like grasp of 'ya'muru.' You can appreciate the word's resonance in the most complex classical texts, including pre-Islamic poetry and advanced theological treatises. You can use the verb with absolute precision to convey subtle shades of authority, from the absolute decree of a sovereign to the internal moral imperative of an individual. You are aware of all dialectal variations and how the formal 'ya'muru' contrasts with colloquial equivalents across the Arab world. You can lead discussions on the evolution of the root A-M-R from ancient Semitic origins to its modern political and social applications.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

يَأْمُرُ 30秒で

A verb meaning to command or order, used by those in authority.
Commonly followed by the preposition 'bi' or the particle 'an'.
Rooted in the concept of 'Amr' (affair/order), central to Arabic ethics.
Used in formal, legal, military, and religious contexts.

The Arabic verb يَأْمُرُ (ya'muru) is a foundational term rooted in the concept of authority, direction, and governance. At its core, it means 'to order,' 'to command,' or 'to enjoin.' It is the present-tense (imperfect) form of the triliteral root أ - م - ر (A-M-R), which relates to matters, affairs, and decrees. In daily life, this word describes the act of a person in a position of power—whether a parent, a teacher, a boss, or a leader—giving a directive that is expected to be followed. Unlike the English word 'ask,' which implies a request, يَأْمُرُ carries a weight of obligation. It is not merely a suggestion; it is an exercise of will intended to produce action in another.

Linguistic Root: The root 'Amr' is versatile. While the verb means to command, the noun 'Amr' can mean a 'matter' or an 'affair.' This suggests that to command is to manage the affairs of reality.
Social Hierarchy: In Middle Eastern cultures, the use of this verb often delineates social structures. A superior 'ya'muru' an inferior. Using it between equals can sometimes sound harsh or overly assertive unless used in specific idiomatic ways.

المُدِيرُ يَأْمُرُ المُوَظَّفِينَ بِإِنْهَاءِ العَمَلِ. (The manager orders the employees to finish the work.)

The verb is frequently followed by the preposition بِـ (bi) to indicate what is being ordered. For example, 'he orders [someone] *with* [something].' This grammatical structure is crucial for learners to master. You will hear this word in formal settings, military contexts, and frequently in religious texts where the Divine 'enjoins' certain behaviors upon humanity. It is a word of decisive action and clear expectations.

الأَبُ يَأْمُرُ أَطْفَالَهُ بِالصِّدْقِ. (The father commands his children to be truthful.)

Legal Context: In a court of law, a judge 'ya'muru' the execution of a sentence or the release of a prisoner. It is the language of the law.

Understanding يَأْمُرُ also requires understanding its counterpart, يَنْهَى (yanha - to forbid). Together, they form the famous ethical concept 'Al-Amru bil-Ma'ruf wan-Nahyu 'anil-Munkar' (Enjoining what is good and forbidding what is evil), which is a cornerstone of Islamic social ethics. This specific context elevates the word from a simple military command to a high-level moral duty.

Using يَأْمُرُ correctly involves understanding its transitivity and its typical sentence patterns. In Arabic, this verb usually takes a direct object (the person being commanded) and then an indirect object introduced by the preposition بِـ (bi) representing the action or thing commanded.

The 'Bi' Pattern: Verb + Subject + Object (Person) + Bi + Noun/Gerund. Example: 'The king orders the army with (to) attack.'

يَأْمُرُ القَائِدُ الجُنُودَ بِالتَّرَاجُعِ. (The leader commands the soldiers to retreat.)

Alternatively, you can use the particle أَنْ (an - to/that) followed by a present tense verb in the subjunctive mood. This is very common in modern standard Arabic and feels slightly more descriptive of the action itself rather than the general concept.

يَأْمُرُنِي أُسْتَاذِي أَنْ أَقْرَأَ الكِتَابَ. (My teacher orders me to read the book.)

Conjugation Focus: Because the first radical is a Hamza (أ), the conjugation follows specific rules. In the present tense, the Hamza sits on an Alif. For example, 'I order' is 'Āmuru' (أَمُرُ), where the two Hamzas merge into a long vowel.

When using the verb in a passive sense, it becomes يُؤْمَرُ (yu'maru - he is ordered). This is useful when the person giving the command is less important than the fact that a command exists. For instance, 'The soldier is ordered to stay at his post.'

القَانُونُ يَأْمُرُ بِدَفْعِ الضَّرَائِبِ. (The law commands the payment of taxes.)

In the modern world, يَأْمُرُ is most frequently encountered in formal media, literature, and religious contexts. If you watch a historical drama (Musalsal) set in the Umayyad or Abbasid periods, you will hear the Caliph or a general using this verb constantly to direct their subjects and troops. It evokes a sense of grandeur and absolute authority.

News and Media: News anchors use it when reporting on government decrees. 'The President orders the formation of a committee' (الرئيس يأمر بتشكيل لجنة).

القَاضِي يَأْمُرُ بِإِخْلَاءِ القَاعَةِ. (The judge orders the clearing of the hall.)

In religious life, the Friday sermon (Khutbah) often features this verb. The Imam might say, 'Allah orders us to be kind to our neighbors.' Here, the verb serves as a bridge between divine revelation and human practice. It is also found throughout the Quran, often in the form of 'Inna Allaha ya'muru...' (Indeed, Allah commands...).

In literature, particularly fables and classical stories like One Thousand and One Nights, the verb is used to set the scene of power dynamics. When a King 'ya'muru,' the plot moves forward. It is a 'power verb' that signifies the start of a new action or a change in the status quo.

الضَّمِيرُ يَأْمُرُ الإِنْسَانَ بِفِعْلِ الخَيْرِ. (Conscience commands man to do good.)

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make with يَأْمُرُ is using the wrong preposition. In English, we 'order someone *to* do something.' In Arabic, you 'order someone *with* (bi) something.' Learners often try to use 'li' (for/to) because it feels more natural, but this is grammatically incorrect in Classical and Modern Standard Arabic.

Preposition Error: Incorrect: يأمرني لِأذهب (He orders me to go). Correct: يأمرني بِالذهاب (He orders me with going) or يأمرني أَنْ أذهب.

Another common issue is the conjugation of the first-person singular. Because the root begins with a Hamza, when you add the prefix 'a' for 'I', you get two Hamzas. In writing and pronunciation, these must be merged into an Alif Madda (آ). Many students write 'أأمر' which is incorrect; it must be آمُرُ.

أَنَا آمُرُكَ بِالهُدُوءِ. (I command you to be quiet.)

Confusion between يَأْمُرُ (to command) and يَمُرُّ (to pass by) is also frequent due to the similarity in sound and spelling. However, 'to pass by' comes from the root M-R-R and has a Shadda on the Ra. Paying attention to the Hamza in 'ya'muru' and the lack of Shadda is vital for clarity.

Finally, learners sometimes use يَأْمُرُ when they should use يَطْلُبُ (to request/ask for). If you are at a restaurant and want to 'order' a pizza, using 'ya'muru' sounds like you are a king demanding tribute. Use 'atlubu' (I request) instead for commercial transactions.

While يَأْمُرُ is the standard word for commanding, Arabic offers a rich palette of alternatives depending on the level of authority and the context of the interaction.

يَأْمُرُ vs. يَطْلُبُ (to ask/request): 'Ya'muru' is a command from a superior. 'Yatlubu' is a request and is much more common in daily social and commercial life. Use 'yatlubu' when ordering food or asking a favor.
يَأْمُرُ vs. يَفْرِضُ (to impose/obligate): 'Yafridu' is even stronger; it implies making something a 'fard' (obligation). It is used for laws and religious duties that cannot be avoided.
يَأْمُرُ vs. يُوَجِّهُ (to direct/guide): 'Yuwajjihu' is softer. It's like 'directing' someone or giving 'guidance.' A manager might 'direct' a project rather than 'command' the workers.

الطَّبِيبُ يَنْصَحُ المَرِيضَ (The doctor advises the patient) vs. المَلِكُ يَأْمُرُ الشَّعْبَ (The king commands the people).

In a military context, you might also see يَقْضِي (yaqdi), which means to decree or judge. While 'ya'muru' is the act of giving the order, 'yaqdi' is the official decision behind it. Another alternative is يُكَلِّفُ (yukallifu), which means to charge someone with a task or commission them. This is common in workplace settings where a boss 'commissions' an employee to write a report.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The word 'Emir' (أَمِير) comes from this root. It literally means 'the one who gives orders.' This word entered English through French as 'Admiral' (originally 'Amir al-Bahr' - Commander of the Sea).

発音ガイド

UK /jaʔ.mu.ru/

US /jæʔ.mu.ru/

The primary stress is on the first syllable 'yaʔ'.

韻が合う語

يَشْكُرُ (yashkuru - he thanks) يَنْصُرُ (yansuru - he supports) يَنْظُرُ (yanzuru - he looks) يَحْضُرُ (yahduru - he attends) يَهْجُرُ (yahjuru - he abandons) يَسْتُرُ (yasturu - he covers) يَحْفُرُ (yahfuru - he digs) يَذْكُرُ (yazkuru - he mentions)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the hamza as a long 'aa' instead of a glottal stop.
Failing to roll the 'r' at the end.
Changing the 'u' on the 'mu' to an 'a' (yamaru instead of yamuru).
Confusing it with 'yamurru' (to pass) which has a shadda on the R.
Missing the glottal stop entirely, making it sound like 'yamuru'.

難易度

読解 2/5

Easy to recognize due to the distinct hamza and root.

ライティング 4/5

Tricky because of the hamza rules and the merging in the first person (Āmuru).

スピーキング 3/5

Requires correct glottal stop and rolling the R.

リスニング 2/5

Clear sound, but don't confuse it with 'yamurru'.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

أَب مَلِك قَالَ فَعَلَ بِـ

次に学ぶ

يَنْهَى يُطِيعُ يَفْرِضُ قَرَار سُلْطَة

上級

اسْتِئْمَار تَآمُر مَأْمُورِيَّة آمِرِيَّة ائْتِمَار

知っておくべき文法

The preposition 'bi' (بـ) is the standard way to link the verb to the action.

يَأْمُرُ بِالخُرُوجِ (He orders the exit).

The Hamza in the root (أمر) requires careful conjugation in the present tense.

أَنَا آمُرُ (I order) vs هُوَ يَأْمُرُ (He orders).

The particle 'an' (أَنْ) can be used to introduce a subordinate clause.

يَأْمُرُكَ أَنْ تَنْجَحَ (He orders you to succeed).

The passive voice is formed by changing the vowels to 'yu'maru'.

يُؤْمَرُ السَّجِينُ بِالكَلامِ (The prisoner is ordered to speak).

The imperative for this verb can be 'Mur' (irregular) or 'U'mur' (regular).

مُرْهُ بِالذَّهَابِ (Order him to go).

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レベル別の例文

يَأْمُرُ الأَبُ الوَلَدَ.

The father orders the boy.

Simple Subject-Verb-Object.

المُعَلِّمُ يَأْمُرُ الطُّلابَ.

The teacher orders the students.

Present tense verb.

هُوَ يَأْمُرُ بِالأَكْلِ.

He orders (them) to eat.

Use of 'bi' with a noun.

هِيَ تَأْمُرُ بِالسُّكُوتِ.

She orders silence.

Feminine conjugation 'ta'muru'.

أَنَا آمُرُكَ.

I order you.

First person 'Aamuru' with suffix 'ka'.

يَأْمُرُ المَلِكُ النَّاسَ.

The king orders the people.

Formal subject.

أَنْتَ تَأْمُرُ بِاللَّعِبِ.

You order (them) to play.

Second person masculine.

يَأْمُرُ القَائِدُ الجُنْدِيَّ.

The leader orders the soldier.

Military context.

يَأْمُرُ المُدِيرُ بِفَتْحِ البَابِ.

The manager orders the opening of the door.

Verb + Bi + Masdar (Gerund).

تَأْمُرُ الأُمُّ بِنَوْمِ الأَطْفَالِ.

The mother orders the children to sleep.

Verb + Bi + Masdar.

يَأْمُرُنَا المُعَلِّمُ بِالكِتَابَةِ.

The teacher orders us to write.

Object pronoun 'na' attached to the verb.

هَلْ تَأْمُرُ بِشَيْءٍ آخَرَ؟

Do you order (request) anything else?

Question form.

يَأْمُرُ الشُّرْطِيُّ بِتَوَقُّفِ السَّيَّارَةِ.

The policeman orders the car to stop.

Formal authority.

يَأْمُرُهُمْ بِالذَّهَابِ إِلَى المَدْرَسَةِ.

He orders them to go to school.

Object pronoun 'hum'.

نَحْنُ نَأْمُرُ بِالخَيْرِ.

We order (enjoin) good.

First person plural 'na'muru'.

يَأْمُرُ الطَّبِيبُ بِمُمَارَسَةِ الرِّيَاضَةِ.

The doctor orders (the) practicing of sports.

Medical advice as a command.

يَأْمُرُ القَانُونُ بِحِمَايَةِ البِيئَةِ.

The law orders the protection of the environment.

Abstract subject (The Law).

يَأْمُرُ اللَّهُ بِالعَدْلِ وَالإِحْسَانِ.

Allah commands justice and kindness.

Religious/Quranic usage.

يَأْمُرُ القَاضِي أَنْ يُسْجَنَ المُجْرِمُ.

The judge orders that the criminal be imprisoned.

An + Subjunctive + Passive verb.

يَأْمُرُ رَئِيسُ العَمَلِ بِتَغْيِيرِ الخُطَّةِ.

The boss orders a change in the plan.

Genitive construction (Ra'is al-'amal).

لَا تَأْمُرْ بِمَا لَا تَفْعَلُ.

Do not order what you do not do.

Jussive/Prohibition form 'la ta'mur'.

يُؤْمَرُ الجُنُودُ بِالبَقَاءِ فِي مَوَاقِعِهِمْ.

The soldiers are ordered to stay in their positions.

Passive voice 'Yu'maru'.

يَأْمُرُ السِّتْرُ بِإِخْفَاءِ العُيُوبِ.

Modesty commands the hiding of flaws.

Metaphorical usage.

يَأْمُرُهُمُ المُدِيرُ أَنْ يَعْمَلُوا بِجِدٍّ.

The manager orders them to work hard.

An + Subjunctive plural.

يَأْمُرُ الدُّسْتُورُ بِالمُسَاوَاةِ بَيْنَ المُواطِنِينَ.

The constitution mandates equality between citizens.

Political terminology.

يَأْمُرُ القَلْبُ أَحْيَانًا بِمَا يَرْفُضُهُ العَقْلُ.

The heart sometimes commands what the mind rejects.

Philosophical/Literary usage.

يَأْمُرُ المَرْسُومُ المَلَكِيُّ بِإِعْفَاءِ الدُّيُونِ.

The royal decree orders the waiving of debts.

Formal administrative language.

يَأْمُرُ التَّارِيخُ بِأَخْذِ العِبْرَةِ مِنَ المَاضِي.

History commands taking lessons from the past.

Abstract personification.

يَأْمُرُ الضَّمِيرُ الحَيُّ بِقَوْلِ الحَقِّ.

A living conscience commands telling the truth.

Moral imperative.

يَأْمُرُ النِّظَامُ العَالَمِيُّ بِتَعْزِيزِ السَّلَامِ.

The world order commands the promotion of peace.

International relations context.

يَأْمُرُ المُدَرِّبُ بِتَكْثِيفِ التَّدْرِيبَاتِ.

The coach orders the intensification of training.

Specific professional context.

يَأْمُرُ الوَاقِعُ بِالتَّكَيُّفِ مَعَ الظُّرُوفِ.

Reality commands adapting to circumstances.

Existential usage.

يَأْمُرُ النَّصُّ القُرْآنِيُّ بِبِرِّ الوَالِدَيْنِ.

The Quranic text enjoins being dutiful to parents.

Theological/Academic phrasing.

يَأْمُرُ المَنْطِقُ بِتَحْلِيلِ الأُمُورِ قَبْلَ الحُكْمِ.

Logic dictates analyzing matters before judging.

Intellectual discourse.

يَأْمُرُ الوَاجِبُ الوَطَنِيُّ بِالدِّفَاعِ عَنِ الأَرْضِ.

National duty commands defending the land.

Patriotic register.

يَأْمُرُ العَقْلُ الجَمْعِيُّ بِالالتِزَامِ بِالتَّقَالِيدِ.

The collective mind commands adherence to traditions.

Sociological terminology.

يَأْمُرُ الفِكْرُ الحُرُّ بِنَقْدِ المُسَلَّمَاتِ.

Free thought commands the critique of axioms.

Philosophical register.

يَأْمُرُ الفِطْرَةُ الإِنْسَانِيَّةُ بِطَلَبِ السَّكِينَةِ.

Human nature commands the seeking of tranquility.

Spiritual/Humanistic context.

يَأْمُرُ الوَزِيرُ بِتَنْفِيذِ المَشَارِيعِ فَوْرًا.

The minister orders the immediate implementation of projects.

High-level bureaucratic usage.

يَأْمُرُ الشَّاعِرُ نَفْسَهُ بِالصَّبْرِ عَلَى الفِرَاقِ.

The poet commands himself to be patient with separation.

Literary/Poetic self-address.

يَأْمُرُ النَّامُوسُ الكَوْنِيُّ بِحَرَكَةِ الأَفْلَاكِ.

The cosmic law dictates the movement of the celestial bodies.

Scientific/Philosophical register.

يَأْمُرُ المَلِكُ فِي رِوَايَاتِ شَكْسْبِير بِتَحَوُّلِ المَصَائِرِ.

The king in Shakespearean novels commands the transformation of fates.

Literary criticism context.

يَأْمُرُ العُرْفُ العَشَائِرِيُّ بِحَلِّ النِّزَاعَاتِ وِدِّيًّا.

Tribal custom mandates resolving disputes amicably.

Anthropological/Sociological context.

يَأْمُرُ الالتِزَامُ الأَخْلَاقِيُّ بِتَحَمُّلِ المَسْؤُولِيَّةِ.

Ethical commitment commands taking responsibility.

Ethical theory.

يَأْمُرُ الوَعْيُ السِّيَاسِيُّ بِالمُطَالَبَةِ بِالحُقُوقِ.

Political consciousness commands demanding rights.

Political science register.

يَأْمُرُ الإِبْدَاعُ بِتَجَاوُزِ الحُدُودِ المَأْلُوفَةِ.

Creativity commands surpassing familiar boundaries.

Artistic discourse.

يَأْمُرُ القَدَرُ بِمَا لَا يُرِيدُهُ المَرْءُ.

Fate commands what one does not desire.

Existential/Poetic.

يَأْمُرُ الحَاكِمُ بِإِعَادَةِ صِيَاغَةِ العَقْدِ الاجْتِمَاعِيِّ.

The ruler orders the redrafting of the social contract.

Political philosophy.

よく使う組み合わせ

يَأْمُرُ بِالمَعْرُوفِ

يَأْمُرُ بِالصَّبْرِ

يَأْمُرُ بِالعَدْلِ

يَأْمُرُ بِالانسِحَابِ

يَأْمُرُ بِتَنْفِيذِ

يَأْمُرُ بِإِطْلَاقِ النَّارِ

يَأْمُرُ بِالإِخْلَاءِ

يَأْمُرُ بِالالتِزَامِ

يَأْمُرُ بِالحَذَرِ

يَأْمُرُ بِتَشْكِيلِ لَجْنَةٍ

よく使うフレーズ

أَمْرُكَ مُطَاعٌ

— Your command is obeyed. A very formal way to say 'as you wish' to a superior.

قَالَ الخَادِمُ: أَمْرُكَ مُطَاعٌ يَا سَيِّدِي.

عَلَى أَمْرِكَ

— At your command. Used to show readiness to follow instructions.

أَنَا جَاهِزٌ، عَلَى أَمْرِكَ.

يَأْمُرُ وَيَنْهَى

— He commands and forbids. Used to describe someone with absolute power.

المُدِيرُ هُوَ مَنْ يَأْمُرُ وَيَنْهَى فِي الشَّرِكَةِ.

بِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ

— By Allah's command. Often used to mean 'God willing' or 'it happened by fate'.

سَنَلْتَقِي غَدًا بِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ.

أَمْرٌ وَاقِعٌ

— A fait accompli / reality. Something that has been ordered or happened and cannot be changed.

هَذَا القَرَارُ أَصْبَحَ أَمْرًا وَاقِعًا.

أَمْرٌ غَرِيبٌ

— A strange matter. Note that 'Amr' here means 'matter', not 'command'.

هَذَا أَمْرٌ غَرِيبٌ جِدًّا.

أُولِي الأَمْرِ

— Those in authority. People who have the right to give commands.

يَجِبُ طَاعَةُ أُولِي الأَمْرِ.

سَمْعًا وَطَاعَةً

— I hear and I obey. The standard response to a command.

قَالَ الجُنْدِيُّ: سَمْعًا وَطَاعَةً.

لَا أَمْرَ لِمَنْ لَا يُطَاعُ

— There is no command for one who is not obeyed. A proverb about effective leadership.

تَذَكَّرْ أَنَّهُ لَا أَمْرَ لِمَنْ لَا يُطَاعُ.

آمُرُكَ أَنْ...

— I command you to... A direct and strong way to start an order.

آمُرُكَ أَنْ تَخْرُجَ الآنَ.

よく混同される語

يَأْمُرُ vs يَمُرُّ (yamurru)

Means 'to pass by' or 'to go through'. It has a different root (M-R-R) and no hamza.

يَأْمُرُ vs يُؤْمِنُ (yu'minu)

Means 'to believe'. It shares the hamza and a similar sound but has a different root (A-M-N).

يَأْمُرُ vs يَعْمَرُ (ya'maru)

Means 'to inhabit' or 'to build'. Different root ('-M-R) and no hamza.

慣用句と表現

"الأَمْرُ لَكَ"

— The matter/command is yours. You decide.

افْعَلْ مَا تَرَاهُ مُنَاسِبًا، الأَمْرُ لَكَ.

Neutral

"قُضِيَ الأَمْرُ"

— The matter is settled/decided. No more discussion.

لَا تَتَكَلَّمْ أَكْثَرَ، فَقَدْ قُضِيَ الأَمْرُ.

Formal

"بَيْنَ أَمْرَيْنِ"

— Between two matters/choices. Usually used when both choices are difficult.

أَنَا بَيْنَ أَمْرَيْنِ أَحْلَاهُمَا مُرٌّ.

Literary

"أَمْرٌ دُبِّرَ بِلَيْلٍ"

— A matter planned at night. Refers to a conspiracy or secret plot.

يَبْدُو أَنَّ هَذَا الِانْقِلَابَ أَمْرٌ دُبِّرَ بِلَيْلٍ.

Political

"مَا بَيْنَ طَرْفَةِ عَيْنٍ وَانْتِبَاهَتِهَا يُغَيِّرُ اللَّهُ مِنْ أَمْرٍ إِلَى أَمْرٍ"

— Between the blink of an eye and its opening, Allah changes a matter from one state to another.

لَا تَيْأَسْ، فَمَا بَيْنَ طَرْفَةِ عَيْنٍ...

Poetic/Religious

"أَمْرُهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ"

— His matter is with Allah. Used when someone's fate or judgment is out of human hands.

لَا نَعْرِفُ مَصِيرَهُ، أَمْرُهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ.

Religious

"ضَاقَ بِهِ الأَمْرُ"

— The matter became tight for him. He became distressed or ran out of options.

ضَاقَ بِهِ الأَمْرُ فَلَمْ يَجِدْ مَفَرًّا.

Literary

"أَمْرٌ لَا مَفَرَّ مِنْهُ"

— An inescapable matter/command.

المَوْتُ أَمْرٌ لَا مَفَرَّ مِنْهُ.

Neutral

"أَمْرٌ بَدِيهِيٌّ"

— A self-evident matter. Something that doesn't need proof.

النَّجَاحُ يَحْتَاجُ عَمَلًا، هَذَا أَمْرٌ بَدِيهِيٌّ.

Neutral

"أَمْرُ السَّاعَةِ"

— The matter of the hour. The most current or pressing topic.

الاِقْتِصَادُ هُوَ أَمْرُ السَّاعَةِ.

Journalistic

間違えやすい

يَأْمُرُ vs يَطْلُبُ

Both can translate to 'order' in English (like ordering food).

Ya'muru is a command of authority; Yatlubu is a request or a commercial order.

أَطْلُبُ بِيْتزا (I order pizza) vs يَأْمُرُ المَلِكُ (The king commands).

يَأْمُرُ vs يُوصِي

Both involve telling someone what to do.

Ya'muru is an obligatory command; Yuwsi is a recommendation or advice.

يُوصِي الطَّبِيبُ (The doctor recommends) vs يَأْمُرُ القَائِدُ (The leader commands).

يَأْمُرُ vs يَفْرِضُ

Both imply obligation.

Ya'muru is the act of giving the order; Yafridu is the act of making it a mandatory law or duty.

يَفْرِضُ القَانُونُ (The law imposes) vs يَأْمُرُ الرَّئِيسُ (The president orders).

يَأْمُرُ vs يُكَلِّفُ

Both involve assigning tasks.

Ya'muru is a general command; Yukallifu is specifically 'tasking' or 'commissioning' someone with a specific duty.

يُكَلِّفُهُ بِمُهِمَّةٍ (He tasks him with a mission).

يَأْمُرُ vs يَدْعُو

Both involve calling someone to an action.

Ya'muru is authoritative; Yad'u is an invitation or a call.

يَدْعُو لِلصَّلَاةِ (He calls to prayer) vs يَأْمُرُ بِالصَّلَاةِ (He commands prayer).

文型パターン

Verb + Subject + Object

يَأْمُرُ الرَّجُلُ الوَلَدَ.

Verb + Subject + Object + bi + Noun

يَأْمُرُ المَلِكُ الجَيْشَ بِالحَرْبِ.

Verb + Subject + an + Subjunctive

يَأْمُرُ المُدِيرُ أَنْ نَبْدَأَ العَمَلَ.

Passive Verb + bi + Noun

يُؤْمَرُ النَّاسُ بِالصَّبْرِ.

Abstract Subject + Verb + bi + Noun

يَأْمُرُ الوَاجِبُ بِالتَّضْحِيَةِ.

Verb + Object + an + Passive Subjunctive

يَأْمُرُ القَاضِي أَنْ يُطْلَقَ سَرَاحُهُ.

Negative Imperative (Prohibition)

لَا تَأْمُرْ بِالسُّوءِ.

Interrogative + Verb + bi + Noun

مَاذَا يَأْمُرُ القَائِدُ؟

語族

名詞

أَمْر Order / Matter / Affair

آمِر Commander / One who gives orders

مَأْمُور Subordinate / One who is ordered

إِمَارَة Emirate / Authority / Command

أَمِير Prince / Commander

مُؤْتَمَر Conference (where matters are discussed)

動詞

أَمَرَ He ordered (Past tense)

ائْتَمَرَ To deliberate / To conspire / To consult

تَآمَرَ To conspire / To plot

اسْتَأْمَرَ To ask for an order or permission

形容詞

آمِرِيّ Imperative / Authoritative

أَمِيرِيّ Princely / Governmental

使い方

frequency

High in formal and religious Arabic; moderate in daily speech.

よくある間違い

يأمرني لِيذهب → يأمرني بِالذهاب or يأمرني أَنْ يذهب
Using 'li' instead of 'bi' or 'an' is a literal translation from English 'to' and is incorrect in Arabic.
أأمر → آمُرُ
Failing to use the madda (آ) for the first-person singular conjugation.
يأمر الطعام → يطلب الطعام
Using 'ya'muru' for ordering food instead of 'yatlubu'.
يَمُرُّ (yamurru) instead of يَأْمُرُ → يَأْمُرُ
Confusing the verb 'to pass' with 'to order' due to sound similarity.
يأمرُ بِالذي... → يأمرُ بـ...
Overcomplicating the sentence structure when a simple 'bi' + noun would suffice.

ヒント

Master the 'Bi'

Always remember that 'ya'muru' loves the preposition 'bi'. Practice saying 'ya'muru bi...' followed by different nouns like 'al-akl' (eating), 'al-nawm' (sleeping), and 'al-amal' (working).

Power Dynamics

Only use 'ya'muru' when there is a clear difference in rank. Using it with a friend might be seen as a joke or as being very bossy.

The First Person 'I'

Don't forget the madda! Writing 'أأمر' is a common mistake. It must be 'آمُرُ'. This is a rule for all verbs starting with a hamza.

Learn the Pair

Learn 'ya'muru' (orders) and 'yanha' (forbids) together. They are used as a pair in many ethical and religious contexts.

The Glottal Stop

Make sure to pronounce the hamza in the middle of 'ya'muru'. It's not 'yamuru'; there's a tiny break in the air flow after the 'ya'.

News Watch

Watch Arabic news. You will often hear 'Amara al-Ra'is...' (The President ordered...). This is a great way to hear the verb in a natural, formal context.

Root Connection

Connect it to 'Amir' (Prince). A Prince is someone who gives an 'Amr' (Order) and 'ya'muru' (he orders) his people.

Subjunctive use

If you use 'an' after the verb, remember to put the following verb in the subjunctive mood (usually ending in 'a').

Polite Service

If a waiter says 'Ta'muru bi-shay'?' he is being extremely polite, literally asking 'Do you command anything?'

Quranic Context

When reading the Quran, look for 'ya'muru'. It will help you understand the core values being 'enjoined' in the text.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of an 'Amir' (Prince) who 'Orders' his 'Army'. The sound 'Amr' is at the heart of 'Amir' and 'ya'muru'.

視覚的連想

Visualize a king sitting on a throne pointing his staff and speaking. Every time he speaks, he is 'ya'muru'.

Word Web

Amir (Prince) Amr (Order) Ma'mur (Subordinate) Mu'tamar (Conference) Aamir (Commander) Imara (Emirate) Ta'amur (Conspiracy) Ma'ruf (Enjoined good)

チャレンジ

Try to use 'ya'muru' in a sentence describing three different people: a boss, a parent, and a judge. Use 'bi' in at least one sentence.

語源

From the Proto-Semitic root '-m-r', which is found in various Semitic languages. In its earliest forms, it related to speaking, showing, or making something manifest.

元の意味： The core sense was 'to speak' or 'to say,' which evolved into 'to command' because the speech of a leader is a command.

Semitic -> Central Semitic -> Arabic.

文化的な背景

Be careful using this verb in the imperative form 'Mur!' (Order!) to equals, as it can sound very rude or arrogant.

English speakers often find 'ya'muru' too strong. While we might say 'He told me to go,' 'ya'muru' feels more like 'He commanded me to go.' Use it when the power dynamic is clear.

The Quran (Surah An-Nahl: 90): 'Inna Allaha ya'muru bil-adl...' (Indeed, Allah commands justice...) The title 'Amir al-Mu'minin' (Commander of the Faithful). Classical Arabic poetry often addresses a 'heart' that 'ya'muru' the lover.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Military

يَأْمُرُ بِالهُجُوم
يَأْمُرُ بِالانسِحَاب
يَأْمُرُ بِتَحِيَّةِ العَلَم
يَأْمُرُ بِالحِرَاسَة

Legal

يَأْمُرُ بِالحَبْس
يَأْمُرُ بِالإِفْرَاج
يَأْمُرُ بِدَفْعِ الغَرَامَة
يَأْمُرُ بِتَفْتِيشِ المَنْزِل

Religious

يَأْمُرُ بِالصَّلَاة
يَأْمُرُ بِالزَّكَاة
يَأْمُرُ بِحُسْنِ الخُلُق
يَأْمُرُ بِالصِّدْق

Parenting

يَأْمُرُ بِالدِّرَاسَة
يَأْمُرُ بِتَنْظِيفِ الغُرْفَة
يَأْمُرُ بِالنَّوْمِ بَاكِرًا
يَأْمُرُ بِغَسْلِ اليَدَيْن

Workplace

يَأْمُرُ بِإِعْدَادِ التَّقْرِير
يَأْمُرُ بِحُضُورِ الِاجْتِمَاع
يَأْمُرُ بِتَنْظِيمِ المِلَفَّات
يَأْمُرُ بِتَحْسِينِ الأَدَاء

会話のきっかけ

"مَاذَا تَأْمُرُ أَنْ نَفْعَلَ اليَوْمَ؟ (What do you command/suggest we do today?)"

"هَلْ يَأْمُرُكَ مُدِيرُكَ بِأَشْيَاءَ صَعْبَةٍ؟ (Does your manager order you to do difficult things?)"

"مَتَى يَأْمُرُ القَلْبُ بِخِلَافِ العَقْلِ؟ (When does the heart command against the mind?)"

"هَلْ تَأْمُرُ بِشَيْءٍ مِنَ المَطْعَمِ؟ (Do you 'order' anything from the restaurant? - formal/polite style)"

"كَيْفَ يَأْمُرُ القَائِدُ جُنُودَهُ بِالشَّجَاعَةِ؟ (How does a leader command his soldiers to be brave?)"

日記のテーマ

Write about a time you had to 'order' (command) someone to do something important. How did it feel?

Reflect on the phrase 'Enjoining good and forbidding evil'. What does it mean in your life?

Describe a character in a story who 'ya'muru' with kindness rather than force.

If you were a king for a day, what would you 'ya'muru' your people to do to make the world better?

Discuss the difference between 'ordering' (ya'muru) and 'requesting' (yatlubu) in your culture.

よくある質問

10 問

Technically no, unless you want to sound like a king in a play. Use 'atlubu' (I request) for ordering food or services. 'Ya'muru' implies a command based on authority, not a commercial transaction.

Both are correct. 'Ya'muru bi' is followed by a noun or gerund (e.g., 'bi-al-khuruj' - with the exiting). 'Ya'muru an' is followed by a verb in the subjunctive (e.g., 'an yakhruja' - that he exits). The 'an' version is often more common in modern prose.

You say 'Āmuru-ka' (آمُرُكَ). Notice the long 'A' at the beginning, which is written with a madda (آ) because it represents two hamzas (the 'I' prefix and the first letter of the root).

In most dialects, 'ya'muru' is replaced by 'bi-y'ul' (he says) or 'bi-yutlub' (he requests). However, the formal 'ya'muru' is still understood everywhere because of its presence in the Quran and news media.

The most direct opposite is 'yanha' (يَنْهَى), which means 'to forbid' or 'to prohibit.' Another opposite from the subordinate's perspective is 'yuti'u' (يُطِيعُ), meaning 'to obey'.

In Arabic, many verbs are 'prepositional,' meaning they require a specific preposition to link to their object. 'Amara' is one of them. The 'bi' essentially introduces the 'instrument' or 'content' of the command.

No, it is much stronger than a suggestion. If you want to suggest, use 'yuqtarihu' (يَقْتَرِحُ) or 'yunshahu' (يَنْصَحُ - to advise).

Yes! 'Admiral' comes from the Arabic 'Amir al-Bahr' (Commander of the Sea). The 'Amir' part comes from the same root as 'ya'muru'.

It is 'na'muru' (نَأْمُرُ). The 'na' is the prefix for 'we' in the present tense.

Usually, yes. You order *someone* to do *something*. However, in poetic or abstract Arabic, the object can be omitted if it's understood that the command is general.

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