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A2 verb #2,500 よく出る 8分で読める

يَرْمِي

To throw something away or discard it.

yarmi
At the A1 level, you only need to know 'yarmi' as a simple action word. It means 'to throw'. You might use it when talking about playing with a ball (yarmi al-kura) or putting something in the trash. It is a basic verb of movement. Focus on the present tense 'yarmi' (he throws) and the basic noun 'kura' (ball). Don't worry about complex grammar yet; just see it as a physical action you do with your hands. For example: 'The boy throws the ball.' This is a concrete action you can see and do.
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At the A2 level, you start using 'yarmi' for daily chores and more specific actions. You learn that it can mean 'to throw away' (discard) trash. You also begin to see it in simple commands like 'Irmi!' (Throw!). You should be able to use it in sentences about the environment (don't throw trash) or sports. You also learn the past tense 'rama' (he threw). You start to notice that it needs a direct object (what are you throwing?) and sometimes a location (where are you throwing it?).
At the B1 level, you encounter 'yarmi' in more abstract contexts. You learn the phrase 'yarmi ila' (aims to), which is very common in news and articles. Instead of just throwing a ball, a project might 'aim' to help people. You also learn more about the conjugation of defective verbs and how the 'ya' behaves in different moods. You might use it to describe someone's intentions or to talk about more complex sports like archery (rimaya). You also begin to distinguish it from synonyms like 'yulqi' (to cast).
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At the B2 level, you use 'yarmi' in metaphorical and idiomatic ways. You understand it in the context of 'casting a glance' or 'throwing accusations'. You are comfortable with the passive voice 'yurma' and can use the verb in formal writing. You understand the nuance between 'yarmi' (to throw) and 'yaqdhif' (to hurl/launch). You can discuss social issues like 'throwing' children into the labor market or 'throwing' blame on minorities, using the verb to describe social dynamics.
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At the C1 level, you appreciate the literary and classical nuances of the root R-M-Y. You recognize it in classical poetry and religious texts. You understand the legal implications of 'al-ramy' (accusation/slander) in Islamic jurisprudence. You can use the verb to describe subtle intentions in academic writing, such as 'this study aims to...' (yarmi hadha al-bahth ila...). You are aware of the various derived forms of the root and how they interact with different prepositions to change the meaning entirely.
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At the C2 level, you have a near-native grasp of the verb's versatility. You can use it in highly sophisticated rhetorical structures. You understand its use in ancient proverbs and can distinguish between its use in various Arabic dialects versus Modern Standard Arabic. You can use it to describe complex physical trajectories in physics or deep psychological projections in a clinical context. The verb is no longer just 'to throw'; it is a tool for expressing directionality, intention, rejection, and accusation with precision.
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يَرْمِي 30秒で

  • Primary meaning: To throw or cast an object physically.
  • Secondary meaning: To discard or throw away unwanted items.
  • Metaphorical meaning: To aim for a goal or objective (yarmi ila).
  • Grammar: A defective verb where the final 'ya' changes in different tenses.

The Arabic verb يَرْمِي (yarmi) is a fundamental action verb that primarily describes the physical act of propelling an object through space using one's hand or arm. At its most basic level, it is the equivalent of the English 'to throw' or 'to cast'. However, its semantic range extends far beyond simple physical movement, encompassing concepts of discarding, aiming, and even metaphorical accusations. In the context of Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), it is a Form I defective verb (derived from the root ر-م-ي), which means its final radical is a 'ya' that changes depending on the grammatical mood. Understanding this word requires looking at both its literal application in sports or daily chores and its more nuanced applications in literature and law.

Literal Propelling
The physical motion of throwing a ball, a stone, or a spear. It implies force and direction.
Discarding/Disposal
Used frequently in the context of waste management, such as throwing away trash or getting rid of unwanted items.
Metaphorical Casting
To cast a glance, to cast a shadow, or to cast blame upon someone else.

يَرْمِي الوَلَدُ الكُرَةَ بَعِيداً فِي المَلْعَبِ.

— The boy throws the ball far in the playground.

In a broader sense, يَرْمِي suggests an intentionality. When you 'yarmi' something, you are often directing it toward a target or away from your personal space. This duality—throwing 'to' versus throwing 'away'—is dictated by the prepositions that follow. For instance, throwing 'at' someone often uses the preposition 'bi' (بـ) or 'ala' (على), whereas throwing 'away' might be understood through the context of disposal. The verb also appears in religious and historical contexts, such as the 'Ramy al-Jamarat' (Stoning of the Devil) during the Hajj pilgrimage, which underscores the cultural weight of the action of casting stones as a symbolic gesture of rejection.

لا تَرْمِ النِّفَايَاتِ فِي الشَّارِعِ.

— Do not throw trash in the street.

Furthermore, the verb is used to describe the act of 'aiming' or 'intending'. When someone 'yarmi ila' (يرمي إلى), they are aiming for a specific goal or objective. This transition from a physical act to a mental intention is a common feature of high-level Arabic. For example, a political speech might 'aim' to unify the people, using the same root that a child uses to throw a pebble into a pond. This versatility makes it an essential verb for learners at the A2 level to master, as it bridges the gap between concrete daily actions and abstract expression.

هَذَا المَشْرُوعُ يَرْمِي إِلَى تَحْسِينِ التَّعْلِيمِ.

— This project aims to improve education.
Accusation
In legal or formal contexts, it can mean to accuse someone of a crime (e.g., 'yarmihi bi-l-kadhib' - he accuses him of lying).
Archery
The root is also the basis for 'Rimmaya' (archery), one of the traditional sports encouraged in Arab culture.

Using the verb يَرْمِي correctly requires an understanding of its conjugation as a defective verb (الفعل الناقص) and its prepositional requirements. Because the root ends in a weak letter (ي), the vowel markings on the final letter change or disappear in certain grammatical states (Jussive/Majzum). For a beginner, the most important thing is to recognize the present tense form for the third person singular masculine: يَرْمِي.

Direct Object
When throwing a physical object, the object usually takes the accusative case (Mansub) directly. Example: يرمي الكرة (He throws the ball).
Preposition 'Ila' (إلى)
Used when the verb means 'to aim at' or 'to intend'. Example: يرمي إلى النجاح (He aims for success).
Preposition 'Bi' (بـ)
Often used when throwing 'with' something or 'accusing' someone of something. Example: رماه بالحجارة (He pelted him with stones).

In daily conversation, you will use this verb to talk about cleaning (throwing away old clothes), playing sports (throwing a basketball), or describing someone's behavior. It is important to distinguish between 'throwing to' (sending an object to someone) and 'throwing at' (targeting someone). In Arabic, 'throwing to' often uses 'ila' or 'li-', while 'throwing at' uses 'ala' or 'bi-'.

يَرْمِي اللَّاعِبُ السَّهْمَ نَحْوَ الهَدَفِ.

— The player throws (shoots) the arrow toward the target.

When conjugating in the past tense, the 'ya' turns into an 'alif maqsura': رَمَى (rama). For the imperative (command), the weak letter is dropped entirely: اِرْمِ (irmi!). This is a common point of confusion for students. Remember: if you are telling someone to 'Throw it!', you say 'Irmihi!' (masculine) or 'Irmiha!' (feminine object).

Advanced usage involves the passive voice: يُرْمَى (yurma - to be thrown). This is common in news reports about items being discarded or people being accused. For example, 'yurma bi-l-rasas' (to be executed by firing squad, literally 'to be thrown with bullets'). While dark, this shows the intensity the verb can carry in formal contexts.

You will encounter يَرْمِي in a variety of settings, from the mundane to the highly specialized. In a domestic setting, a mother might tell her child, 'لا تَرْمِ أَلْعَابَكَ عَلَى الأَرْضِ' (Don't throw your toys on the floor). In a professional waste management context, signs might read 'مَمْنُوعُ رَمْيِ النِّفَايَاتِ' (Throwing trash is prohibited).

Sports Commentary
You will hear this constantly in basketball, handball, and track and field (discus/javelin). 'يرمي الكرة في السلة' (He throws the ball in the basket).
News and Politics
Used when discussing the goals of a policy. 'الخطة ترمي إلى تقليل الفقر' (The plan aims to reduce poverty).
Religious Contexts
During the Hajj, the 'Ramy' is a specific ritual. It is also used in Quranic verses describing the casting of truth against falsehood.

هَلْ يُمْكِنُنِي رَمْيُ هَذِهِ الأَوْرَاقِ القَدِيمَةِ؟

— Can I throw away these old papers?

In literature, the verb is used poetically. A poet might describe the night 'throwing' its shadows over the city, or a lover 'throwing' a glance that pierces the heart. This metaphorical use is very common in Arabic songs and soap operas (Musalsalat), where characters often 'throw' accusations of betrayal at one another.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with يَرْمِي is confusing it with the verb يَتْرُك (yatruk - to leave). While in English we might say 'leave it there' or 'throw it there', in Arabic, 'yarmi' specifically implies the action of casting or discarding, whereas 'yatruk' implies abandoning or leaving something in its place.

Preposition Confusion
Using 'fi' (in) when 'ala' (on) or 'bi' (with) is required. To throw 'at' someone is 'yarmi bi-' or 'yarmi 'ala', not 'yarmi fi'.
Conjugation of the Imperative
Many students say 'Irmee' (with a long 'ee' sound) for the masculine command. The correct form is 'Irmi' (short 'i'), as the weak letter is dropped in the imperative mood.
Mixing with 'Alqa'
Learners often confuse 'yarmi' with 'yulqi' (to throw/deliver). While similar, 'yulqi' is often used for delivering a speech (yulqi kalima) or casting a shadow, whereas 'yarmi' is more physical or aggressive.

Mistake: يَرْمِي الكِتَابَ فِي الطَّاوِلَةِ

Correction: يَرْمِي الكِتَابَ عَلَى الطَّاوِلَةِ (He throws the book ON the table).

Another mistake is the spelling of the past tense. Because the root is 'R-M-Y', the past tense is written with an Alif Maqsura (رَمَى), not a long Alif (رما). This is a common spelling error even for native speakers in casual writing.

Arabic is rich with verbs that describe the act of moving objects. While يَرْمِي is the most common, several synonyms offer more specific meanings. Understanding these will help you move from A2 to B1 and beyond.

أَلْقَى (Yulqi)
Often translated as 'to cast' or 'to throw down'. It is used for casting shadows, delivering speeches, or throwing something down with less force than 'yarmi'.
قَذَفَ (Yaqdhif)
A much more forceful verb, meaning 'to hurl' or 'to launch'. It is used for missiles, heavy stones, or very strong insults.
طَرَحَ (Yatrah)
To fling or toss. In modern contexts, it also means 'to subtract' in math or 'to pose' a question.
نَبَذَ (Yanbudh)
To cast aside or reject. This is more formal and often used for rejecting ideas or social outcasts.

أَلْقَى الرَّئِيسُ كَلِمَةً هَامَّةً.

— The president delivered (cast) an important speech.

When choosing between these, consider the force and the intent. If you are playing basketball, use 'yarmi'. If you are a soldier firing a mortar, use 'yaqdhif'. If you are a philosopher rejecting an old theory, use 'yanbudh'. If you are a teacher posing a question to the class, use 'yatrah'.

How Formal Is It?

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1

يَرْمِي الوَلَدُ الكُرَةَ.

The boy throws the ball.

Subject + Verb + Object.

2

أَنَا أَرْمِي الكُرَةَ إِلَيْكَ.

I throw the ball to you.

First person singular 'armi'.

3

هِيَ تَرْمِي الكُرَةَ.

She throws the ball.

Third person feminine 'tarmi'.

4

يَرْمِي الرَّجُلُ الحَجَرَ.

The man throws the stone.

Direct object 'al-hajar'.

5

لا تَرْمِ الكُرَةَ هُنَا.

Don't throw the ball here.

Negative command (Jussive).

6

يَرْمِي الطِّفْلُ لُعْبَتَهُ.

The child throws his toy.

Possessive suffix 'toy-his'.

7

نَحْنُ نَرْمِي الكُرَةَ.

We throw the ball.

First person plural 'narmi'.

8

هَلْ تَرْمِي الكُرَةَ؟

Do you throw the ball?

Interrogative sentence.

1

يَرْمِي الرَّجُلُ النِّفَايَاتِ فِي السَّلَّةِ.

The man throws the trash in the bin.

Context of disposal.

2

لا تَرْمِ الأَوْرَاقَ عَلَى الأَرْضِ.

Don't throw papers on the ground.

Preposition 'ala' (on).

3

رَمَى اللَّاعِبُ الكُرَةَ بَعِيداً.

The player threw the ball far away.

Past tense 'rama'.

4

يَرْمِي الصَّيَّادُ الشَّبَكَةَ فِي البَحْرِ.

The fisherman throws the net into the sea.

Professional usage.

5

أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَرْمِيَ هَذِهِ المَلابِسَ القَدِيمَةَ.

I want to throw away these old clothes.

Subjunctive mood after 'an'.

6

يَرْمِي الطَّالِبُ القَلَمَ لِصَدِيقِهِ.

The student throws the pen to his friend.

Preposition 'li-' (to).

7

لِمَاذَا تَرْمِي طَعَامَكَ؟

Why are you throwing away your food?

Question word 'limadha'.

8

يَرْمِي النَّاسُ الخُبْزَ لِلْعَصَافِيرِ.

People throw bread to the birds.

Plural subject 'al-nas'.

1

هَذَا القَانُونُ يَرْمِي إِلَى حِمَايَةِ البِيئَةِ.

This law aims to protect the environment.

Metaphorical 'aims to'.

2

رَمَى بِنَظْرَةٍ سَرِيعَةٍ نَحْوَ السَّاعَةِ.

He cast a quick glance toward the clock.

Idiomatic 'cast a glance'.

3

يَرْمِي المُدَرِّبُ إِلَى تَطْوِيرِ مَهَارَاتِ الفَرِيقِ.

The coach aims to develop the team's skills.

Verb + 'ila' + Masdar.

4

لا تَرْمِ بِنَفْسِكَ فِي المَشَاكِلِ.

Don't throw yourself into trouble.

Reflexive metaphorical use.

5

رَمَتْهُ الحَيَاةُ فِي مَدِينَةٍ غَرِيبَةٍ.

Life threw him into a strange city.

Personification of life.

6

يَرْمِي البَاحِثُ إِلَى إِيجَادِ حَلٍّ لِلأَزْمَةِ.

The researcher aims to find a solution to the crisis.

Academic context.

7

كُلُّ خُطُوَاتِهِ تَرْمِي إِلَى هَدَفٍ وَاحِدٍ.

All his steps aim for a single goal.

Plural feminine subject 'khutuwat'.

8

يَرْمِي الفَنَّانُ بِأَلْوَانِهِ عَلَى اللَّوْحَةِ.

The artist throws his colors onto the canvas.

Artistic expression.

1

رَمَاهُ بِتُهْمَةِ السَّرِقَةِ دُونَ دَلِيلٍ.

He accused him of theft without evidence.

Legal/Accusatory use.

2

تَرْمِي هَذِهِ التَّصْرِيحَاتُ إِلَى إِثَارَةِ الجَدَلِ.

These statements aim to stir up controversy.

Political context.

3

رَمَى بِثِقْلِهِ كُلِّهِ فِي هَذَا المَشْرُوعِ.

He threw all his weight into this project.

Idiom for full commitment.

4

يُرْمَى بِالحِجَارَةِ مَنْ كَانَ بَيْتُهُ مِنْ زُجَاجٍ.

He whose house is made of glass is pelted with stones.

Proverbial usage.

5

رَمَى الكَاتِبُ بِظِلالٍ مِنَ الشَّكِّ عَلَى الرِّوَايَةِ.

The writer cast shadows of doubt on the story.

Literary metaphor.

6

يَرْمِي المُحَاضِرُ بِأَفْكَارٍ جَدِيدَةٍ فِي كُلِّ جَلْسَةٍ.

The lecturer tosses out new ideas in every session.

Intellectual usage.

7

لا تَرْمِ لَوْمَكَ عَلَى الآخَرِينَ.

Don't throw your blame on others.

Moral advice.

8

رَمَتِ السَّفِينَةُ مَرْسَاتَهَا فِي المِينَاءِ.

The ship cast its anchor in the port.

Nautical terminology.

1

رَمَى بِبَصَرِهِ نَحْوَ الأُفُقِ البَعِيدِ مُتَأَمِّلاً.

He cast his gaze toward the distant horizon, contemplating.

High literary style.

2

تَرْمِي الفَلْسَفَةُ الوُجُودِيَّةُ إِلَى تَحْلِيلِ مَعْنَى الحَيَاةِ.

Existential philosophy aims to analyze the meaning of life.

Abstract academic subject.

3

رَمَاهُ الدَّهْرُ بِنَوَائِبِهِ.

Fate (time) pelted him with its calamities.

Classical poetic expression.

4

يَرْمِي هَذَا النَّقْدُ إِلَى تَقْوِيضِ أُسُسِ النَّظَرِيَّةِ.

This critique aims to undermine the foundations of the theory.

Formal argumentative style.

5

رَمَى بِكُلِّ أَوْرَاقِهِ الرَّابِحَةِ فِي الجَوْلَةِ الأَخِيرَةِ.

He threw all his winning cards in the final round.

Strategic metaphor.

6

تَرْمِي القَصِيدَةُ إِلَى تَجْسِيدِ مُعَانَاةِ الشَّعْبِ.

The poem aims to embody the suffering of the people.

Literary analysis.

7

رَمَى بِالقَوْلِ عَلَى عَوَاهِنِهِ.

He spoke without thinking (cast words haphazardly).

Classical Arabic idiom.

8

يُرْمَى هَذَا الفِعْلُ بِأَنَّهُ غَيْرُ دُسْتُورِيٍّ.

This act is characterized (cast) as unconstitutional.

Passive legal phrasing.

1

رَمَى بِثِقْلِهِ المَعْرِفِيِّ لِإِثْبَاتِ صِحَّةِ فَرْضِيَّتِهِ.

He threw his intellectual weight to prove the validity of his hypothesis.

Complex metaphorical construction.

2

تَرْمِي الرُّؤْيَةُ الِاسْتِرَاتِيجِيَّةُ إِلَى إِحْدَاثِ نَقْلَةٍ نَوْعِيَّةٍ.

The strategic vision aims to bring about a qualitative leap.

Corporate/Governmental jargon.

3

رَمَى بِهِ خَارِجَ سِيَاقِ التَّارِيخِ.

He cast him outside the context of history.

Philosophical/Historical metaphor.

4

يَرْمِي هَذَا الخِطَابُ إِلَى تَفْكِيكِ البِنْيَةِ الِاجْتِمَاعِيَّةِ.

This discourse aims to deconstruct the social structure.

Sociological terminology.

5

رَمَى بِكَلِمَاتِهِ كَسِهَامٍ مَسْمُومَةٍ.

He threw his words like poisoned arrows.

Vivid literary imagery.

6

تَرْمِي الدِّرَاسَةُ الِاسْتِقْصَائِيَّةُ إِلَى اسْتِجْلاءِ الغُمُوضِ.

The investigative study aims to clarify the ambiguity.

Advanced research terminology.

7

رَمَى بِنَفْسِهِ فِي أَتُونِ الحَرْبِ.

He threw himself into the furnace of war.

Classical epic metaphor.

8

يُرْمَى بِالزَّنْدَقَةِ كُلُّ مَنْ خَالَفَ السَّائِدَ.

Heresy is cast upon anyone who opposes the mainstream.

Historical/Theological context.

よく使う組み合わせ

يرمي الكرة
يرمي النفايات
يرمي إلى هدف
يرمي ببصره
يرمي باللوم
يرمي السهم
يرمي الحجارة
يرمي شباكه
يرمي بنفسه
يرمي بعيداً

よく使うフレーズ

يرمي إلى النجاح

لا ترمِ القمامة

رماه بالرصاص

يرمي السلام

رماه في السجن

يرمي بظلاله

يرمي عصفورين بحجر

يرمي المنديل

يرمي كلاماً

يرمي من وراء القصد

よく混同される語

يَرْمِي vs يَتْرُك

يَرْمِي vs يُلْقِي

يَرْمِي vs يَقْذِف

慣用句と表現

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間違えやすい

يَرْمِي vs

يَرْمِي vs

يَرْمِي vs

يَرْمِي vs

يَرْمِي vs

文型パターン

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使い方

intent

Used with 'ila' for goals.

disposal

Commonly used for trash.

よくある間違い
  • Using 'yarmi' for 'leaving' an object behind.
  • Spelling the past tense as رما instead of رَمَى.
  • Keeping the 'ya' in the negative command: لا ترمي (incorrect) vs لا ترمِ (correct).
  • Using the wrong preposition for 'aiming' (using 'fi' instead of 'ila').
  • Confusing the active participle 'Rami' with the passive 'Marmi'.

ヒント

Defective Verb Rule

Remember that the final 'ya' disappears in the jussive case, like in commands.

Aiming High

Use 'yarmi ila' to talk about your career or educational goals.

Hajj Ritual

Knowing this verb helps you understand the 'Ramy' ritual in Islam.

Daily Life

Use it when asking where to put trash: 'أين أرمي هذا؟'

Spelling

Always use Alif Maqsura (ى) for the past tense, never a regular Alif.

Sports

In basketball, 'yarmi' is the standard verb for shooting the ball.

Force

If you want to sound more intense, use 'yaqdhif' instead of 'yarmi'.

Two Birds

Learn the idiom 'yarmi asfourayn bi-hajar' (kill two birds with one stone).

Root Recognition

Listen for the 'R-M-Y' sound in news about regional 'goals' and 'aims'.

Don't say 'yarmi fi'

Use 'yarmi ala' or 'yarmi bi' when throwing AT a target.

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語源

Semitic root R-M-Y, found in various Semitic languages meaning to throw or shoot.

文化的な背景

The symbolic stoning of the devil is called Ramy.

Rami is a common name, reflecting the prestige of being an archer.

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実際の使用場面

会話のきっかけ

"هل تحب رماية السهام؟"

"أين يمكنني أن أرمي هذه الأوراق؟"

"إلى ماذا يرمي مشروعك الجديد؟"

"هل رميت الكرة بعيداً؟"

"لماذا يرمي الناس النفايات في الشارع؟"

日記のテーマ

اكتب عن هدف ترمي إلى تحقيقه هذا العام.

صف شعورك عندما ترمي شيئاً قديماً لم تعد تحتاجه.

هل سبق لك أن رميت الكرة في مباراة مهمة؟ صف ذلك.

よくある質問

10 問

The past tense is رَمَى (rama), which ends in an Alif Maqsura.

You say 'اِرْمِهِ' (Irmi-hi). The 'ya' is dropped.

No, it can also mean to discard something or to aim for a goal when used with 'ila'.

The preposition 'إِلَى' (ila) is used for aiming or intending.

Yes, it means 'archer' or 'one who throws' and is very common.

يَرْمِي is more common for physical throwing/discarding, while يُلْقِي is used for casting shadows or giving speeches.

لا تَرْمِ النِّفَايَاتِ (La tarmi al-nifayat).

It is مَرْمَى (marma), derived from the same root.

Yes, 'رماه بكذا' means he accused him of something.

Yes, it is a basic Form I (Thulathi Mujarrad) verb.

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自分をテスト 180 問

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