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B1 noun #19 よく出る 15分で読める

values

上位19

練習する例文メモとヒント values 30秒で

解説 values in your Level:

At the A1 level, the word 'values' might be a bit difficult because it is an abstract concept. However, you can think of it as the 'important things' in your life. For example, if you think family is important, that is one of your values. If you think being kind is important, that is another value. You might hear people say 'family values' or 'good values.' At this level, just remember that values are about what you think is good or important. You don't need to use it in complex ways. Just think: 'What is important to me? These are my values.' For example: 'My family has good values.' This means my family thinks it is important to be good people. It is always plural (with an 's') when we talk about these ideas.

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At the A2 level, you can start to use 'values' to describe people and groups. Values are the beliefs that help you decide what is right and what is wrong. Everyone has different values. Some people value hard work, while others value free time. You will often see 'values' used with words like 'personal,' 'family,' or 'cultural.' For example, 'We have different cultural values.' This means the things that are important in my culture are different from the things that are important in your culture. You should also know that companies have values. A company might say, 'Our values are honesty and speed.' This tells you how the company wants to work. Remember to use 'values' (plural) for these ideas, and 'value' (singular) for the price of something.

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At the B1 level, you should understand that 'values' are the principles that guide how we behave. They are not just 'important things,' but the 'rules' we follow in our hearts. You can use verbs like 'uphold,' 'share,' or 'respect' with values. For example, 'It is important to uphold your values even when it is hard.' This means you should keep doing what you believe is right. You might also talk about 'core values,' which are the most important beliefs a person or a company has. In a job interview, you might be asked, 'What are your core values?' You could answer, 'My core values are honesty, teamwork, and learning.' This level also involves understanding that values can change over time or be different between generations. You are moving from simple descriptions to discussing how these beliefs influence actions.

At the B2 level, you can use 'values' to discuss more complex social and ethical issues. You might talk about a 'clash of values' when two groups disagree because they have different beliefs. For example, 'The debate over the new law showed a clash of values between the young and the old.' You can also use the word in a professional or academic way, such as 'corporate values' or 'societal values.' You should be able to explain how values influence a person's character or a company's culture. You might use phrases like 'align with' or 'be in accordance with.' For instance, 'The new policy doesn't align with our company's values.' At this level, you understand that values are the foundation of many human conflicts and cooperation. You can also distinguish between 'values' (principles) and 'the value of' (the importance or worth of something).

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At the C1 level, you should have a nuanced understanding of 'values' and how the term is used in various registers. You can discuss 'value systems'—the organized set of beliefs that a person or society holds. You might analyze how these systems are formed by history, religion, and philosophy. You can use 'values' to critique literature, politics, or social trends. For example, you might write about how a novel explores the 'erosion of traditional values' in a modern city. You are comfortable using the word in abstract discussions about ethics and morality. You can also use related terms like 'value-laden' (meaning something is influenced by personal values) or 'value-neutral.' You understand that 'values' can be a sensitive topic in political discourse and can navigate these conversations with precision and cultural awareness.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of 'values' allows you to use it with total precision in any context, from legal documents to poetic expressions. You understand the deep philosophical implications of the word and can discuss the works of thinkers who have written about axiology (the study of values). You can use 'values' to describe the subtle undercurrents of a culture or the complex motivations of a historical figure. You might use the word to discuss the 'transvaluation of values' or other advanced concepts. Your usage is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker, and you can use the word to express very subtle shades of meaning. You are also aware of how the word 'values' has been used and sometimes manipulated in political rhetoric throughout history. You can use the word to build sophisticated arguments about the nature of human society and individual identity.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

values 30秒で

Values are the fundamental beliefs that guide our behavior and decisions.
They represent what we consider important, such as honesty, respect, or hard work.
The word is almost always used in the plural when referring to principles.
Values are central to personal identity, corporate culture, and societal norms.

The term values refers to the fundamental beliefs, principles, or standards that guide an individual's or a group's behavior and decision-making processes. Unlike the singular form 'value,' which often pertains to the monetary worth of an object or the importance of a single thing, the plural 'values' almost exclusively refers to the moral and ethical compass of a person, organization, or society. These are the internal 'rules' that dictate what is considered good, desirable, or important in life. For instance, if someone lists 'honesty' as one of their core values, they are likely to prioritize truth-telling even when it is difficult or inconvenient. Values are not just abstract concepts; they are the invisible architecture of our personalities and the foundation of our cultures.

Core Concept: Values serve as the internal criteria we use to evaluate our own actions and the actions of others. They are deeply ingrained and often learned during childhood through family, education, and social environment.

The company's core values include integrity, innovation, and customer satisfaction, which guide every business decision they make.

In a professional context, values are frequently discussed in the form of 'corporate values.' These are the shared principles that a company expects its employees to follow. They help define the company culture and provide a roadmap for how the business interacts with clients and the community. When a person's personal values align with their employer's values, they often feel more satisfied and motivated in their work. Conversely, a 'value conflict' occurs when a person is asked to do something that goes against their deeply held beliefs, leading to stress and dissatisfaction.

Social Application: Societal values are the shared beliefs of a community that help maintain social order and harmony, such as respect for the law or the importance of education.

Many traditional values are passed down from generation to generation through storytelling and religious practices.

Furthermore, values are dynamic. While some core values may remain constant throughout a person's life, others may shift as they gain more experience or as society evolves. For example, environmental sustainability has become a prominent value for many people in the 21st century, whereas it might not have been a primary concern a hundred years ago. This evolution shows that values are not just static rules but are responsive to the challenges and knowledge of the time. Understanding one's own values is a key part of self-awareness and personal development, as it allows for more intentional living.

Living in accordance with your values is often cited as a prerequisite for long-term happiness and fulfillment.

Political Context: Politicians often appeal to 'family values' or 'national values' to connect with voters and justify their policy proposals.

The debate highlighted the clash of values between those who prioritize individual liberty and those who prioritize collective security.

Education is one of the most important values in our family, so we save money specifically for university tuition.

In summary, 'values' is a powerful word used to describe the bedrock of human character and social structure. It encompasses everything from personal ethics to global standards of human rights. By identifying and articulating our values, we gain a clearer understanding of why we do what we do and how we can contribute to the world around us. Whether in a classroom, a boardroom, or a living room, discussions about values are essential for navigating the complexities of human interaction and personal growth.

Using the word values correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical role as a plural count noun when referring to beliefs. It is almost always paired with verbs that describe possession, adherence, or transmission. Common verbs include 'have,' 'hold,' 'uphold,' 'instill,' 'share,' and 'reflect.' For example, you might say, 'Our family holds strong traditional values,' or 'The school aims to instill positive values in its students.' The word is frequently preceded by adjectives that specify the type of values being discussed, such as 'moral,' 'ethical,' 'cultural,' 'core,' 'traditional,' or 'liberal.'

Verb Pairings: Commonly used with: Uphold, instill, share, compromise, define, reflect, conflict, align.

It is important not to compromise your values just to fit in with a certain group of people.

When describing a conflict between different sets of beliefs, the phrase 'clash of values' is very common. This helps to explain why two parties might disagree fundamentally on an issue. For instance, 'The policy change led to a clash of values between the management and the staff.' Another important structure is 'align with,' used to describe harmony between beliefs and actions or between different entities. 'The candidate's personal values align perfectly with the mission of our non-profit organization.' This suggests a deep compatibility that goes beyond simple agreement.

Adjective Modifiers: Common modifiers: Core, fundamental, shared, conflicting, traditional, modern, spiritual, aesthetic.

We need to identify our core values before we can write a meaningful mission statement for the club.

In academic or formal writing, 'values' is often used in the context of sociology or psychology. You might read about 'value systems,' which refers to the entire set of values held by an individual or society and how they are ranked in importance. For example, 'The study examines how value systems change during periods of rapid economic growth.' Here, 'values' is part of a compound noun phrase. It is also common to see 'values' used in the plural to discuss a range of different principles: 'The curriculum covers a wide variety of human values, including empathy and justice.'

The film explores the tension between traditional cultural values and the pressures of modern life.

Prepositional Phrases: Common phrases: In accordance with one's values, based on values, a set of values, a system of values.

She made the decision based on her personal values rather than financial gain.

The teacher asked the students to list five values that they believe are essential for a good friendship.

Finally, remember that 'values' can also be a verb (the third-person singular of 'to value'), as in 'He values his privacy.' However, in the context of beliefs and principles, it is almost always a plural noun. Paying attention to the surrounding words—like 'core,' 'moral,' or 'uphold'—will help you distinguish between the noun 'values' (principles) and the verb 'values' (estimates worth or appreciates). In most discussions about character and society, you will be using the noun form.

The word values is ubiquitous in modern discourse, appearing in settings ranging from intimate family dinners to international political summits. One of the most common places you will encounter it is in the workplace. Companies today are obsessed with 'company values' or 'organizational values.' During an orientation for a new job, you will likely be handed a handbook that lists values like 'Integrity,' 'Innovation,' and 'Teamwork.' Managers use these values to evaluate employee performance and to make strategic decisions. If you hear a CEO talking about 'staying true to our values,' they are referring to these foundational principles that the company claims to stand for.

Corporate Environment: Found in mission statements, performance reviews, and leadership speeches to define the culture and ethics of the business.

The HR manager explained that the company values were the basis for the new hiring policy.

In the political arena, 'values' is a high-frequency buzzword. Politicians often speak about 'American values,' 'European values,' or 'family values' to appeal to the emotions and beliefs of their constituents. They use the word to create a sense of shared identity and to frame their policies as being morally 'right.' For example, a politician might argue that a specific law is necessary to protect 'traditional family values.' In this context, the word can sometimes be controversial, as different people have very different ideas about what those values should be. When you hear 'values' in a political speech, it is often a signal that the speaker is trying to connect with the audience on a moral level.

Educational Settings: Schools often have 'values-based education' programs designed to teach children about respect, responsibility, and community.

The school assembly focused on the values of kindness and inclusion to prevent bullying.

You will also hear 'values' frequently in the media, especially in opinion pieces, talk shows, and documentaries. Journalists and commentators use the word to analyze social trends and cultural shifts. For instance, a news report might discuss how 'millennial values' differ from those of previous generations, focusing on topics like work-life balance or social justice. In self-help books and podcasts, experts often encourage listeners to 'identify your core values' as a way to find purpose and direction in life. Here, the word is used as a tool for personal growth and psychological well-being.

The podcast guest argued that modern society is experiencing a crisis of values due to the influence of social media.

Religious and Spiritual Contexts: Religious leaders use the term to describe the moral teachings of their faith, such as compassion, humility, and charity.

The sermon emphasized that spiritual values are more enduring than material wealth.

The documentary examined the changing values of rural communities in the face of globalization.

Finally, 'values' is a staple of everyday conversation when people discuss their personal choices or judge the behavior of others. You might hear a friend say, 'I really admire her values,' or 'He and I just have different values.' In these cases, the word is a shorthand for the complex web of beliefs that make up a person's character. Whether you are reading a high-level philosophical text or chatting with a neighbor, 'values' is the word we use to talk about what truly matters to us.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing the plural noun values (beliefs) with the singular noun value (worth or importance). While they are related, they are used in different contexts. If you say, 'Honesty is a great value,' it is grammatically acceptable but sounds slightly less natural than 'Honesty is one of my core values.' In English, when we talk about a person's principles, we almost always use the plural. Using the singular 'value' often makes the listener think about the price of an item or the usefulness of a tool rather than a moral principle.

Singular vs. Plural: Mistake: 'My family value is hard work.' Correct: 'My family values include hard work.' Use plural for principles.

Incorrect: The company has a strong moral value. Correct: The company has strong moral values.

Another common error is confusing 'values' with 'valuable.' 'Values' is a noun, while 'valuable' is an adjective. You cannot use them interchangeably. For example, you shouldn't say, 'He has many valuable,' when you mean 'He has many values.' Similarly, learners sometimes confuse 'values' with 'valuation.' A 'valuation' is a formal assessment of how much something is worth in money, usually performed by an expert (like a house valuation). It has nothing to do with moral principles. Ensure you are using the correct part of speech for the meaning you intend to convey.

Confusing with Verbs: Mistake: 'She values her friends' (meaning her principles). Correct: 'She values her friends' (meaning she appreciates them). The verb form is singular for 'he/she/it'.

Be careful: 'He values honesty' (verb) vs 'His values include honesty' (noun).

A subtle mistake involves the preposition used with 'values.' Learners often use 'of' when 'in' or 'about' might be more appropriate, or vice versa. For example, we talk about 'the values of a society' (possession) but 'instilling values in children' (placement). Another common error is using 'values' when 'morals' or 'ethics' might be more specific. While they are synonyms, 'values' is the broadest term. 'Morals' often refers specifically to right and wrong behavior, while 'ethics' often refers to professional standards. Using 'values' is usually safe, but being more specific can improve your writing.

Incorrect: We need to teach the values to the students. Correct: We need to teach values to the students (no 'the' when speaking generally).

Article Usage: When talking about values in general, do not use 'the.' Use 'the' only when referring to a specific set of values already mentioned.

Correct: Values are important for society. Incorrect: The values are important for society.

Confusion: 'The values of the car' (wrong - should be 'value') vs 'The values of the community' (right).

Finally, avoid overusing the word. While it is a useful term, repeating it too often in a single paragraph can make your writing feel repetitive. Try using synonyms like 'principles,' 'beliefs,' 'ideals,' or 'standards' to add variety. Also, be careful not to use 'values' to describe simple preferences. For example, 'I have a value for chocolate ice cream' is incorrect; that is a preference or a taste. Values are much deeper and more significant than simple likes and dislikes.

While values is a very versatile word, there are several other terms that carry similar meanings but have different nuances. Understanding these differences will help you choose the most precise word for your context. The most common synonyms are 'principles,' 'morals,' 'ethics,' and 'ideals.' Each of these words emphasizes a slightly different aspect of what we believe and how we act. For instance, 'principles' often refers to the specific rules or laws that a person follows, while 'values' is a broader term for the underlying beliefs that lead to those rules.

Values vs. Principles: Values are what we care about (e.g., justice); principles are the rules we live by based on those values (e.g., 'treat everyone equally').

He is a man of high principles who never breaks his word.

'Morals' is another close synonym, but it specifically focuses on the distinction between right and wrong. While values can include things like 'efficiency' or 'creativity' (which aren't necessarily moral issues), morals are strictly about ethical behavior. 'Ethics' is often used in a more formal or professional sense, referring to a system of moral principles followed by a particular group, such as 'medical ethics' or 'business ethics.' If you are talking about the rules of a profession, 'ethics' is usually the better choice. 'Ideals' refers to the highest standards or perfect versions of something that we strive for, often being more aspirational than everyday values.

Values vs. Morals: Morals are often tied to religion or social tradition regarding 'good' vs 'evil'; values are broader and can be personal or secular.

The story has a clear moral about the importance of telling the truth.

Other alternatives include 'beliefs,' 'standards,' and 'creed.' 'Beliefs' is the most general term and can include things that aren't necessarily values (like believing that it will rain tomorrow). 'Standards' refers to the level of quality or behavior that is considered acceptable. For example, 'The company has high standards for customer service.' A 'creed' is a formal statement of religious or philosophical belief. Using 'creed' adds a very formal or even spiritual tone to your writing. Choosing between these words depends on whether you want to sound personal, professional, aspirational, or strictly ethical.

The organization's ideals of peace and cooperation are shared by all its members.

Word Comparison: Standards: Focus on quality/level. Beliefs: Focus on what is thought to be true. Ideals: Focus on perfection/aspirations.

The athlete's personal standards are so high that she is never satisfied with second place.

Respect for elders is one of the most important beliefs in many cultures.

In summary, while 'values' is the standard term for the principles that guide us, you can use 'principles' for rules, 'morals' for right/wrong, 'ethics' for professional standards, and 'ideals' for high aspirations. By varying your vocabulary, you can express more complex ideas and show a deeper understanding of the English language. Always consider the context—whether it's a personal diary, a business report, or a philosophical essay—to choose the word that fits best.

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

The word 'valiant' (meaning brave) comes from the same Latin root 'valere.' This shows the historical connection between being 'strong' and having 'value' or 'worth.'

発音ガイド

UK /ˈvæl.juːz/

US /ˈvæl.juz/

The stress is on the first syllable: VAL-ues.

韻が合う語

venues menus continues sinews avenues revenues residues retinues

よくある間違い

Pronouncing the final 's' as an 's' instead of a 'z'.
Confusing the 'v' sound with a 'b' sound (especially for Spanish speakers).
Making the 'a' sound too long like 'ah'.
Omitting the 'y' sound before the 'u' (it should be 'val-yooz', not 'val-ooz').
Stress on the second syllable.

難易度

読解 3/5

The word itself is easy, but the abstract concepts it represents can be complex in academic texts.

ライティング 4/5

Requires careful use of collocations and an understanding of the plural/singular distinction.

スピーキング 3/5

Common in many contexts, but requires correct pronunciation of the final 'z' sound.

リスニング 2/5

Usually clear in speech, though it can be confused with 'value' if the 's' is soft.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

believe important good right wrong

次に学ぶ

ethics principles integrity morality philosophy

上級

axiology deontology utilitarianism virtue ethics relativism

知っておくべき文法

Plural Nouns for Abstract Concepts

We use 'values' (plural) to talk about a system of beliefs.

Subject-Verb Agreement

My values *are* (not *is*) important to me.

Adjective Placement

We usually put the adjective before the noun: 'moral values'.

Prepositional Phrases

Use 'in' with 'instill': 'instill values *in* children'.

Zero Article

No article for general concepts: '*Values* are the basis of society.'

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レベル別の例文

My family has good values.

Ma famille a de bonnes valeurs.

Values is plural here because it refers to multiple beliefs.

Kindness is one of my values.

La gentillesse est l'une de mes valeurs.

Use 'one of my values' to talk about a single principle.

We share the same values.

Nous partageons les mêmes valeurs.

The verb 'share' is common with 'values'.

He has strong values.

Il a des valeurs solides.

'Strong' is a common adjective to describe values.

What are your values?

Quelles sont vos valeurs ?

A simple question to ask about someone's beliefs.

They teach values at school.

Ils enseignent les valeurs à l'école.

No article 'the' before 'values' when speaking generally.

Honesty is a good value.

L'honnêteté est une bonne valeur.

While 'values' is more common, 'a value' can be used for a single principle.

I love my family's values.

J'aime les valeurs de ma famille.

Possessive form 'family's' shows who the values belong to.

Every culture has different values.

Chaque culture a des valeurs différentes.

'Different' highlights the variety of belief systems.

Our company values are very important.

Les valeurs de notre entreprise sont très importantes.

'Company values' acts as a compound noun.

She has very traditional values.

Elle a des valeurs très traditionnelles.

'Traditional' describes values that have been held for a long time.

It is hard to change your values.

Il est difficile de changer ses valeurs.

Values are deeply held and difficult to alter.

We need to respect other people's values.

Nous devons respecter les valeurs des autres.

'Respect' is a key verb used with 'values'.

His values come from his parents.

Ses valeurs viennent de ses parents.

Shows the origin of a person's principles.

They have modern values about work.

Ils ont des valeurs modernes concernant le travail.

'Modern' contrasts with 'traditional'.

The book is about family values.

Le livre traite des valeurs familiales.

'About' introduces the topic of the values.

You should never compromise your core values.

Vous ne devriez jamais compromettre vos valeurs fondamentales.

'Compromise' means to do something that goes against your beliefs.

The school aims to instill positive values in students.

L'école vise à inculquer des valeurs positives aux élèves.

'Instill' is a formal verb meaning to teach or introduce an idea gradually.

Our personal values influence our daily decisions.

Nos valeurs personnelles influencent nos décisions quotidiennes.

Shows the practical application of values.

There is a clash of values between the two groups.

Il y a un conflit de valeurs entre les deux groupes.

'Clash of values' is a common phrase for fundamental disagreement.

He values honesty above everything else.

Il place l'honnêteté au-dessus de tout le reste.

Note: Here 'values' is a verb, not a noun. It means 'to consider important'.

The organization's values are listed on their website.

Les valeurs de l'organisation sont répertoriées sur leur site web.

Passive voice 'are listed' is common in formal descriptions.

We are looking for someone whose values align with ours.

Nous recherchons quelqu'un dont les valeurs correspondent aux nôtres.

'Align with' means to be in agreement or harmony.

She grew up with very strong moral values.

Elle a grandi avec des valeurs morales très fortes.

'Moral values' specifically refers to right and wrong.

The film explores the tension between traditional and modern values.

Le film explore la tension entre les valeurs traditionnelles et modernes.

'Explores the tension' is a sophisticated way to describe a conflict.

It is essential to uphold the values of democracy.

Il est essentiel de défendre les valeurs de la démocratie.

'Uphold' means to support or defend something, especially a principle.

His actions were not in accordance with his stated values.

Ses actions n'étaient pas conformes à ses valeurs déclarées.

'In accordance with' is a formal prepositional phrase.

The candidate's values resonate with many young voters.

Les valeurs du candidat trouvent un écho auprès de nombreux jeunes électeurs.

'Resonate with' means to be received with agreement or sympathy.

We must consider the ethical values involved in this decision.

Nous devons tenir compte des valeurs éthiques impliquées dans cette décision.

'Involved in' links the values to the specific situation.

The shift in societal values has led to new legislation.

Le changement des valeurs sociétales a conduit à une nouvelle législation.

'Shift in values' describes a change over time.

She has a clear set of values that guides her career.

Elle a un ensemble clair de valeurs qui guide sa carrière.

'Set of values' refers to a collection of principles.

The company's values are reflected in its environmental policies.

Les valeurs de l'entreprise se reflètent dans ses politiques environnementales.

'Reflected in' shows how abstract values become concrete actions.

The erosion of traditional values is a recurring theme in his poetry.

L'érosion des valeurs traditionnelles est un thème récurrent dans sa poésie.

'Erosion' metaphorically describes the gradual decline of values.

He argued that the policy was value-laden and lacked objectivity.

Il a soutenu que la politique était empreinte de valeurs et manquait d'objectivité.

'Value-laden' is an adjective meaning influenced by personal beliefs.

The study examines the complex value systems of indigenous tribes.

L'étude examine les systèmes de valeurs complexes des tribus indigènes.

'Value system' refers to the hierarchical structure of a group's beliefs.

There is a fundamental disconnect between his rhetoric and his values.

Il y a un décalage fondamental entre sa rhétorique et ses valeurs.

'Disconnect' highlights the gap between words and principles.

The curriculum is designed to foster a sense of shared values.

Le programme est conçu pour favoriser un sentiment de valeurs partagées.

'Foster' means to encourage the development of something.

The philosopher explored the subjective nature of human values.

Le philosophe a exploré la nature subjective des valeurs humaines.

'Subjective nature' refers to how values depend on individual perspective.

The conflict arose from deeply entrenched cultural values.

Le conflit est né de valeurs culturelles profondément ancrées.

'Entrenched' describes values that are very firm and unlikely to change.

We must transcend our narrow personal values for the common good.

Nous devons transcender nos valeurs personnelles étroites pour le bien commun.

'Transcende' means to go beyond the limits of something.

The author masterfully dissects the conflicting values of the Victorian era.

L'auteur dissèque de main de maître les valeurs contradictoires de l'époque victorienne.

'Dissects' is a sophisticated verb for detailed analysis.

The Nietzschean concept of the transvaluation of values remains influential.

Le concept nietzschéen de la transvaluation des valeurs reste influent.

'Transvaluation' is a highly academic term for changing the meaning of values.

Her decision was a profound testament to her unwavering values.

Sa décision était un témoignage profond de ses valeurs inébranlables.

'Testament to' means clear proof of something.

The political discourse was marred by an instrumentalization of family values.

Le discours politique a été entaché par une instrumentalisation des valeurs familiales.

'Instrumentalization' refers to using something as a tool for a specific goal.

The inherent plurality of values in a globalized world poses significant challenges.

La pluralité inhérente des valeurs dans un monde globalisé pose des défis importants.

'Inherent plurality' describes the natural existence of many different values.

He critiques the commodification of values in contemporary society.

Il critique la marchandisation des valeurs dans la société contemporaine.

'Commodification' means treating something abstract as a product to be sold.

The judicial ruling was predicated on the core values of the constitution.

La décision judiciaire était fondée sur les valeurs fondamentales de la constitution.

'Predicated on' means based or founded on something.

The aesthetic values of the movement were radical for their time.

Les valeurs esthétiques du mouvement étaient radicales pour leur époque.

'Aesthetic values' refers to principles regarding beauty and art.

よく使う組み合わせ

core values

traditional values

moral values

family values

uphold values

instill values

share values

clash of values

societal values

corporate values

よく使うフレーズ

a set of values

— A group of principles that someone follows. It describes the collection of beliefs a person has.

Every person has a different set of values.

in accordance with one's values

— Doing something that matches your beliefs. It means your actions and beliefs are the same.

She lived her life in accordance with her values.

a conflict of values

— When two different beliefs cannot both be followed. It describes a situation where you must choose between two important things.

The decision created a conflict of values for the manager.

stay true to your values

— To continue believing and doing what you think is right. It means not changing your principles for other people.

It is important to stay true to your values during hard times.

personal values

— The individual beliefs of one person. These are the things that matter to you specifically.

My personal values include freedom and creativity.

cultural values

— The beliefs shared by a group of people from the same culture. These are learned from your community.

We should learn about the cultural values of our neighbors.

spiritual values

— Principles related to religion or the human spirit. These often focus on non-material things.

Spiritual values can provide comfort in difficult times.

shared values

— Beliefs that two or more people or groups have in common. This is the basis for cooperation.

Peace is one of our shared values.

democratic values

— The principles that support a democracy, like freedom and equality. These are the basis of many governments.

The school promotes democratic values among its students.

value system

— The way a person ranks their values in order of importance. It is the structure of your beliefs.

His value system prioritizes family over career.

よく混同される語

values vs value

Singular 'value' usually refers to the price or importance of one thing, while plural 'values' refers to moral principles.

values vs valuable

'Valuable' is an adjective meaning something is worth a lot of money or is very useful. 'Values' is a noun.

values vs valuation

A 'valuation' is a formal estimate of the monetary worth of something, like a house or a company.

慣用句と表現

"take something at face value"

— To accept something as it appears without thinking about it deeply. Note: This uses 'value' (singular).

Don't take his promises at face value; he often breaks them.

informal/neutral

"for all it's worth"

— Used when giving your opinion or a piece of information that might not be very important. Related to 'worth/value'.

For all it's worth, I think you made the right choice.

informal

"get your money's worth"

— To get good value for the money you spent. Note: This uses 'worth'.

We stayed at the buffet for three hours to get our money's worth.

informal

"add value"

— To make something better or more useful. Note: This uses 'value' (singular).

The new features really add value to the software.

neutral/business

"moral compass"

— A person's natural ability to judge what is right and wrong. A metaphor for values.

His moral compass always points him in the right direction.

neutral

"stick to your guns"

— To refuse to change your opinion or values, even when people oppose you.

Despite the criticism, she stuck to her guns and refused to lie.

informal

"walk the talk"

— To do the things you say you will do; to act according to your values.

If the company values honesty, the leaders need to walk the talk.

informal/business

"practice what you preach"

— To do the things that you tell other people they should do.

He tells everyone to be kind, but he needs to practice what he preaches.

neutral

"the salt of the earth"

— A person who is very good, honest, and has great values.

My grandmother is the salt of the earth; she would help anyone.

informal/old-fashioned

"man/woman of their word"

— A person who always does what they promised to do; someone with the value of reliability.

You can trust him; he is a man of his word.

neutral

間違えやすい

values vs Morals

Both refer to right and wrong.

Morals are often more specific to religious or social rules about behavior, while values are broader and can include non-moral things like 'efficiency.'

He has strong morals regarding marriage.

values vs Ethics

Both refer to principles.

Ethics are often professional or societal codes of conduct, while values are more personal and internal.

The company's ethics committee reviewed the case.

values vs Principles

Both refer to beliefs.

Principles are often the specific rules derived from values. A value is 'justice'; a principle is 'everyone should be treated equally.'

It's a matter of principle.

values vs Beliefs

Both are internal thoughts.

Beliefs are anything you think is true (e.g., 'I believe it will rain'). Values are specifically about what is *important* or *good*.

Her religious beliefs are very strong.

values vs Standards

Both involve judgment.

Standards are the levels of quality or behavior you expect. Values are the reasons *why* you have those expectations.

The school has high standards for its students.

文型パターン

I have [adjective] values.

I have good values.

My family values [noun/gerund].

My family values education.

It is important to uphold [adjective] values.

It is important to uphold moral values.

The [noun] is based on [adjective] values.

The law is based on democratic values.

There is a clash between [adjective] and [adjective] values.

There is a clash between traditional and modern values.

The [noun] reflects the [adjective] values of [noun].

The building reflects the aesthetic values of the architect.

The erosion of [adjective] values has led to [noun].

The erosion of community values has led to increased isolation.

One must transcend [adjective] values for the sake of [noun].

One must transcend individual values for the sake of the collective good.

語族

名詞

value

valuation

valuable

valuables

valuelessness

動詞

value

revalue

devalue

evaluate

形容詞

valuable

invaluable

valueless

valued

使い方

frequency

Common in both spoken and written English, especially in professional and social discussions.

よくある間違い

Using 'value' (singular) for beliefs. → My values are important.
The singular 'value' usually refers to price or utility, not moral principles.
Saying 'The values' when speaking generally. → Values are the basis of society.
We don't use 'the' when talking about a concept in general.
Confusing 'values' (noun) with 'valuable' (adjective). → He has many values.
'Valuable' describes something that is worth a lot; 'values' are the beliefs themselves.
Using 'value' as a verb for principles. → His values include honesty.
While 'he values honesty' is correct, 'his value is honesty' is often a mistake for 'his values include honesty.'
Confusing 'values' with 'valuation'. → We discussed the company's values.
'Valuation' is specifically about the monetary price of a business or property.

ヒント

Always Plural

When talking about beliefs, always use 'values' with an 's'. This is the most common mistake for learners.

Use Adjectives

Make your descriptions better by adding adjectives like 'core,' 'moral,' 'traditional,' or 'shared' before the word 'values.'

The 'Z' Sound

Practice saying the 's' at the end of 'values' as a 'z' sound. This will make you sound more like a native speaker.

Avoid Repetition

If you use 'values' in one sentence, try using 'principles' or 'beliefs' in the next sentence to keep your writing interesting.

Business English

In a business context, 'values' is almost always used to describe the company's culture and ethical standards.

Be Sensitive

Remember that people's values are very important to them. When discussing values, be respectful of different perspectives.

Check the Verb

If you hear 'He values...', it's a verb. If you hear 'His values...', it's a noun. This helps you understand the sentence structure.

The Compass Metaphor

Visualize a compass whenever you think of values. It's a great way to remember that values guide your direction in life.

Align With

The phrase 'align with' is the most professional way to say that your values match someone else's.

Value Systems

In essays, use the term 'value system' to describe the whole set of beliefs a person or society holds.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of the 'V' in Values as a 'V' for 'Virtue.' Values are the virtues that you hold dear in your heart. Also, 'Values' has 'Us' at the end—values are what define 'us' as a group or a person.

視覚的連想

Imagine a compass. The needle points to your values (North, South, East, West). Your values guide you in the right direction when you are lost.

Word Web

Honesty Respect Family Culture Ethics Principles Beliefs Integrity

チャレンジ

Write down three values that are important to you. Then, write one sentence for each value explaining how it helps you make decisions in your life.

語源

The word 'values' comes from the Old French word 'valoir,' which means 'to be worth.' This, in turn, comes from the Latin word 'valere,' meaning 'to be strong, to be well, or to be worth.' The transition from physical strength to monetary worth and finally to moral principles happened over several centuries.

元の意味： Originally, it referred to the worth or price of something, or the physical strength of a person.

Indo-European (Latin -> Old French -> Middle English).

文化的な背景

Be aware that 'family values' can be a politically charged term. Some people use it to support traditional structures, while others see it as exclusionary.

In English-speaking countries, 'values' is a very common word in both business and personal development contexts.

The 'Values' section of the UN Charter. Corporate values of companies like Google ('Do the right thing') or Apple. The book 'The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People' by Stephen Covey focuses heavily on values.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Business

corporate values
mission statement
ethical standards
value-driven leadership

Education

instill values
character building
social responsibility
shared principles

Family

family values
passed down
upbringing
moral compass

Politics

national values
democratic values
clash of values
policy alignment

Personal Growth

core values
self-awareness
life goals
authenticity

会話のきっかけ

"What are the three most important values in your life right now?"

"Do you think your values have changed since you were a child?"

"How do you handle a situation where your values clash with someone else's?"

"What values do you think are most important for a successful company?"

"Do you believe that some values are universal across all cultures?"

日記のテーマ

Reflect on a time when you had to make a difficult decision. Which of your values guided your choice?

List your top five core values and describe one way you practiced each of them this week.

How do your personal values align or conflict with the values of the society you live in?

Write about a person you admire. What values do they represent to you?

If you were starting a new country, what three values would you want to be the foundation of its laws?

よくある質問

10 問

When referring to moral or ethical principles, yes, it is almost always plural. You would say 'My values are...' rather than 'My value is...' unless you are talking about the price of something.

'Value' (singular) usually means the price of something or how useful it is. 'Values' (plural) means the beliefs that guide your life. For example: 'The value of the house is high' vs 'His values include honesty.'

Yes, 'values' is the third-person singular form of the verb 'to value.' For example: 'He values his time.' In this case, it means he thinks his time is important.

Core values are the most important principles that a person or organization has. They are the foundation of everything they do and do not change easily.

You can use it to show that you are a good fit for the company. For example: 'My personal values, such as teamwork and integrity, align with your company's core values.'

'Family values' are the principles that a family thinks are important, such as spending time together, respecting elders, or being honest with each other.

It can be used in both formal and informal settings. It is very common in business (formal) and in everyday conversations about people's character (informal).

It means a situation where two people or groups have very different beliefs that make it difficult for them to agree or work together.

In French it is 'valeurs,' in Spanish 'valores,' in German 'Werte,' and in Chinese '价值观' (jiàzhíguān).

Yes, while core values often stay the same, a person's values can change as they get older, gain more experience, or move to a different culture.

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