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B2 noun 8分で読める

درونبری

daroonbari
例文 درونبری 30秒で
解説 درونبری in your Level:
At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 'درونبری' (darun-bari) yourself. It is a very formal word. Instead, you should know the basic idea: buying things from other countries. Imagine you are in Iran and you see a toy from China. That toy was 'brought in'. In simple Persian, we say 'Varedat'. 'Darun-bari' is just a fancy, pure Persian way to say the same thing. You might see it on a big sign at a port or in a very serious book. Just remember: 'Darun' means 'inside' and 'bari' comes from 'carrying'. So, it means 'carrying inside' the country. You can think of it as 'buying from outside'. At this stage, focus on simpler words like 'kharid' (buy) and 'khārej' (outside). If you see this word, just think: 'Import'.
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For A2 learners, 'درونبری' is a good word to recognize as part of a formal vocabulary set. You are starting to learn about different countries and trade. You might read a simple news headline that uses this word. It means the act of bringing goods into Iran from abroad. For example, if Iran gets oil from another country (though usually it's the other way around!), or if it gets medicine from Germany, that is 'درونبری'. It is a noun. You can use it in a simple sentence like: 'Darun-bari-ye ghazā mohem ast' (The import of food is important). Remember that 'darun' (inside) is the opposite of 'birun' (outside). This will help you remember that 'darun-bari' is bringing things IN, not taking them OUT.
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As a B1 learner, you should understand that Persian has many words for the same thing because of its history. 'درونبری' is a 'Sareh' (pure) word. This means it doesn't use Arabic roots. Most people use 'واردات' (Varedat), but 'درونبری' is used in formal speeches and official documents. You should start to notice the difference in 'register'—the level of formality. If you are writing a letter to a company or a school project about the economy, using 'درونبری' will make your Persian sound very professional. You should also learn its partner: 'barun-bari' (export). Together, they represent the flow of trade. You can use it with 'ezafe' like this: 'darun-bari-ye naft' (import of oil).
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At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'درونبری' in formal writing and understand its economic implications. You should be able to discuss topics like 'trade deficit' or 'tariffs' using this term. For example, 'The government is trying to limit the darun-bari of non-essential goods.' Here, 'darun-bari' is used as a technical term. You should also be aware of the linguistic movement in Iran to use more words like this. It shows you have reached a level where you can distinguish between everyday speech and academic language. You should be comfortable using it in compound phrases like 'darun-bari-ye bi-roviyeh' (excessive/unregulated import). This word is a key part of the 'Persian-only' vocabulary that is common in modern Iranian academia.
At the C1 level, you should master the nuance of 'درونبری' within the context of Persian linguistic purification (Pārsi-pari). You should understand why a writer would choose this word over 'واردات'—often to convey a sense of national identity or to adhere to a specific literary style. You should be able to use it fluently in complex sentences involving economic theory, such as discussing the elasticity of 'darun-bari' in response to currency fluctuations. You should also recognize it in classical-style modern poetry or high-level political analysis. At this level, you don't just know the definition; you know the 'sociolinguistic weight' the word carries. You can contrast 'darun-bari' with 'varedat' to discuss the history of the Persian language itself.
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For C2 learners, 'درونبری' is a tool for precision and stylistic flair. You should be able to critique the use of such 'neologisms' (though it is now well-established) in Persian literature and discourse. You understand the morphological structure perfectly and can even derive other forms if needed. In a C2 context, you might use 'درونبری' to discuss the structural dependencies of a developing economy or the legal intricacies of international maritime law as applied in Iranian courts. You are expected to have a near-native command of when this word is appropriate and when it might seem pretentious. You can engage in debates about whether 'darun-bari' effectively replaces the semantic breadth of 'varedat' in all technical sub-fields of economics.
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例文

درونبری 30秒で

  • درونبری is a formal Persian word for 'import'.
  • It comes from 'darun' (inside) and 'bari' (carrying).
  • It is used in academic and economic contexts.
  • The most common daily synonym is 'واردات' (Varedat).

The term درونبری (Darun-bari) is a sophisticated and purely Persian noun that refers to the economic process of importing goods or services. In the landscape of the modern Persian language, there has been a significant movement led by the Academy of Persian Language and Literature (Farhangestan) to replace Arabic loanwords with indigenous Persian equivalents. While the word واردات (Vāredāt) is the most common term used in daily conversation and general news, درونبری is its 'Sareh' or pure Persian counterpart. It is constructed from the preposition درون (inside) and the verbal root بر (from bordan, to carry), followed by the nominalizing suffix ی. This word encapsulates the physical and economic movement of commodities across borders into the domestic market.

Economic Context
In economic discourse, this term describes the acquisition of foreign products. It is used when discussing trade balances, customs regulations, and national consumption patterns. For instance, a country might increase its درونبری of raw materials to fuel local manufacturing.
Linguistic Register
This word sits at a B2/C1 level of proficiency because it requires an understanding of Persian word formation. Using it signals a high level of education or a preference for formal, purified Persian. You will encounter it in academic papers, formal government reports, and literature that avoids Arabic vocabulary.
Semantic Nuance
Unlike the general term for 'entering', درونبری specifically implies a systematic, commercial, or intentional bringing-in. It is the antonym of برونبری (exporting).

کاهش درونبری کالاهای لوکس می‌تواند به تراز تجاری کشور کمک کند.

— Translation: Reducing the import of luxury goods can help the country's trade balance.

Furthermore, the word is often used in compound forms. For example, درونبری بی‌رویه (unregulated import) is a common phrase in economic critiques. The word captures the essence of the flow of energy, resources, and capital. In a globalized world, درونبری is not just about goods; it can also refer to the import of technology or cultural concepts in a metaphorical sense, though its primary usage remains firmly rooted in the exchange of physical commodities. Understanding this word helps students navigate the complex transition between the Persian spoken on the streets and the Persian written in high-level intellectual circles.

دولت برای حمایت از تولید داخلی، تعرفه‌های درونبری را افزایش داد.

— Translation: To support domestic production, the government increased import tariffs.

Using درونبری correctly requires an understanding of its role as a formal noun. It functions similarly to other nouns of action in Persian. It can be the subject of a sentence, the object of a verb, or part of an ezafe construction. Because it is a formal term, it is frequently paired with verbs like انجام شدن (to be performed), صورت گرفتن (to take place), or کاهش/افزایش یافتن (to decrease/increase).

As a Subject
When درونبری is the subject, it often describes a trend.
Example: درونبری گندم امسال به حداقل رسید. (The import of wheat reached a minimum this year.)
In Ezafe Constructions
It is commonly linked to the type of goods being imported using the ezafe (-e).
Example: درونبریِ مواد اولیه (Import of raw materials). Note how the word functions as the head of the phrase.

قوانین جدید، درونبری خودروهای برقی را تسهیل می‌کند.

— Translation: New laws facilitate the import of electric vehicles.

When constructing sentences, pay attention to the prepositions. Often, we talk about importing *from* a place using از. For example: درونبری کالا از چین (Importing goods from China). If you are discussing the purpose, you might use برای. The versatility of درونبری allows it to fit into complex legal and economic frameworks. It is rarely used in the plural form (درونبری‌ها), as it usually refers to the abstract concept or the aggregate process of importing, though the plural is grammatically possible if referring to specific instances or types of imports.

بیشترین میزان درونبری مربوط به قطعات صنعتی است.

— Translation: The highest volume of import relates to industrial parts.

You are most likely to encounter درونبری in formal settings that prioritize linguistic purity. In Iran, there is a spectrum of language use: the colloquial (informal), the standard (media/news), and the formal/purified (academic/literary). درونبری belongs to the latter. You will hear it on specialized economic programs on television, such as those on Channel 4 (the 'intellectual' channel) or the News Channel (S شبکه خبر) when they are discussing long-term national strategies like the 'Resistance Economy'.

Academic Journals
In papers published by the University of Tehran or Sharif University regarding international trade, researchers often use درونبری and برونبری to maintain a high academic register and avoid the heavy reliance on Arabic roots found in older texts.
Governmental Reports
Official documents from the Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade (صمت) might use this term in their strategic blueprints to emphasize national identity and linguistic sovereignty.

در همایش امروز، وزیر بر لزوم مدیریت درونبری تأکید کرد.

— Translation: In today's conference, the minister emphasized the need for managing imports.

Interestingly, you might also hear this word in historical documentaries or literary discussions where the speaker is consciously avoiding foreign loanwords to create a specific 'pure' atmosphere. It is a hallmark of the 'Persian-e Sareh' (Pure Persian) movement. If you attend a high-level business seminar in Tehran, particularly one focused on legal frameworks or economic philosophy, this word will likely appear on the presentation slides. It signals that the speaker is well-read and attentive to the nuances of their native tongue.

گزارش سالانه نشان‌دهنده توازن میان درونبری و برونبری است.

— Translation: The annual report indicates a balance between import and export.

Learning a word like درونبری comes with specific pitfalls, primarily because it is a formal alternative to a much more common word. The most frequent mistake is using it in the wrong register. Using درونبری while buying groceries or talking to a taxi driver would sound very strange—almost like using the word 'importation' in a casual chat about buying apples. Another common error is confusing it with its antonym برونبری (export).

Register Mismatch
Mistake: Saying 'این سیب‌ها درونبری هستند؟' in a shop.
Correction: Use 'این سیب‌ها وارداتی هستند؟' (Are these apples imported?). Keep درونبری for formal writing.
Confusion with 'Varedat'
While they mean the same thing, Varedat is a plural noun in Arabic (the singular is vared), but it is used as a collective noun in Persian. درونبری is singular and refers to the act. Don't try to pluralize درونبری using Arabic plural markers (like درونبریات)—that is a major grammatical error.

اشتباه: درونبری کردن کالاها از بازار آزاد.

— Note: While grammatically okay, 'vared kardan' is much more natural for the verbal action. Use the noun 'darun-bari' on its own.

Students also sometimes misspell the word by omitting the 'n' in darun or the 'y' at the end. Remember, the 'y' (ی) is crucial because it turns the compound into a noun of action. Without it, darun-bar would sound like a person who carries things inside, which is not the intended meaning. Finally, ensure you don't confuse it with darun-shari (intra-city), which sounds somewhat similar but refers to movement within a city.

درست: سیاست‌های کنترل درونبری.
غلط: سیاست‌های کنترل درونبر.

To truly master the concept of 'import' in Persian, you must understand the ecosystem of related words. While درونبری is the purified choice, several other terms exist, each with a different flavor and context. Comparing these helps you choose the right word for the right situation.

واردات (Vāredāt)
The most common term. It is Arabic-rooted but universally understood. Use this in 95% of daily situations, news, and business conversations.
Comparison: Varedat is 'Standard', Darun-bari is 'Formal/Purified'.
ورود کالا (Vorud-e Kālā)
Literally 'the entry of goods'. This is a more descriptive, less technical term. It's often used in customs (Gomrok) contexts.
Comparison: More concrete and physical than the abstract درونبری.
تأمین از خارج (Ta'min az Khārej)
Meaning 'sourcing from abroad'. This focuses on the procurement aspect rather than the movement.
Comparison: Focuses on the supply chain.

تفاوت اصلی درونبری با واردات در ریشه زبانی آن‌هاست.

— Translation: The main difference between 'darun-bari' and 'varedat' is in their linguistic roots.

On the opposite side, we have برونبری (export), which is the direct pair to درونبری. In modern Persian economic theory, researchers often talk about the تراز درونبری-برونبری (import-export balance). Another related term is ورود موقت (temporary entry), used for goods that enter a country for processing and are then re-exported. Understanding these nuances allows a B2 learner to express complex economic thoughts with precision.

واژه درونبری توسط فرهنگستان جایگزین واردات شده است.

— Translation: The word 'darun-bari' was replaced for 'varedat' by the Academy.
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レベル別の例文

1

درونبری یعنی آوردن کالا.

Importing means bringing goods.

A1 sentence using 'ya'ni' (means) to define the word.

2

این یک کالا برای درونبری است.

This is a good for import.

Simple use of 'baraye' (for).

3

درونبری خوب است.

Importing is good.

Basic subject-adjective structure.

4

ما درونبری داریم.

We have imports.

Using the verb 'dashtan' (to have).

5

درونبری از چین زیاد است.

Import from China is a lot.

Using 'az' (from) to show origin.

6

درونبری ماشین گران است.

Importing cars is expensive.

Ezafe construction: darun-bari-ye mashin.

7

او در بخش درونبری کار می‌کند.

He works in the import section.

Using 'dar' (in) for location/department.

8

درونبری غذا لازم است.

Importing food is necessary.

Simple noun + adjective.

1

ایران درونبری بنزین را کم کرد.

Iran reduced the import of gasoline.

Past tense verb 'kam kard' (reduced).

2

آیا درونبری این لباس‌ها قانونی است؟

Is the import of these clothes legal?

Question form using 'aya'.

3

درونبری برنج در این ماه زیاد شد.

The import of rice increased this month.

Compound verb 'ziad shod' (became a lot/increased).

4

ما به درونبری تکنولوژی نیاز داریم.

We need the import of technology.

Using 'niyaz dashtan' (to need).

5

درونبری کالاها از راه دریا است.

The import of goods is by sea.

Prepositional phrase 'az rah-e darya'.

6

هزینه درونبری بسیار بالا رفته است.

The cost of importing has gone up a lot.

Present perfect tense 'bala rafteh ast'.

7

دولت درونبری برخی میوه‌ها را ممنوع کرد.

The government banned the import of some fruits.

Object marker 'ra' used after the ezafe phrase.

8

شرکت ما در زمینه درونبری فعال است.

Our company is active in the field of import.

Phrase 'dar zamine-ye' (in the field of).

1

درونبری بی‌رویه کالا به تولید ملی آسیب می‌زند.

Unregulated import of goods harms national production.

Adjective 'bi-roviyeh' (unregulated/excessive).

2

باید بین درونبری و برونبری تعادل ایجاد کنیم.

We must create a balance between import and export.

Modal verb 'bayad' (must) with subjunctive.

3

درونبری قطعات خودرو با مشکل مواجه شده است.

The import of car parts has faced problems.

Idiomatic phrase 'ba moshkel movajeh shodan'.

4

او مقاله‌ای درباره تاریخ درونبری در ایران نوشت.

He wrote an article about the history of import in Iran.

Preposition 'darbare-ye' (about).

5

تعرفه‌های درونبری برای حمایت از کشاورزان وضع شد.

Import tariffs were imposed to support farmers.

Passive voice 'vaz' shod' (was imposed).

6

درونبری داروهای خاص اولویت دولت است.

Importing specific medicines is the government's priority.

Noun 'olaviyat' (priority).

7

بسیاری از تجار به درونبری مواد اولیه علاقه دارند.

Many merchants are interested in importing raw materials.

Phrase 'alagheh dashtan' (to be interested).

8

آمارها نشان‌دهنده کاهش درونبری در سال گذشته است.

Statistics show a decrease in imports last year.

Participle 'neshan-dahandeh' (showing).

1

درونبری کالاهای واسطه‌ای برای صنایع تولیدی حیاتی است.

The import of intermediate goods is vital for manufacturing industries.

Technical term 'kalā-hā-ye vāseteh-i' (intermediate goods).

2

سیاست‌های ارزی تأثیر مستقیمی بر میزان درونبری دارند.

Currency policies have a direct impact on the volume of imports.

Subject-verb agreement with a complex subject.

3

درونبری دانش فنی می‌تواند به رشد اقتصادی کمک کند.

The import of technical knowledge can help economic growth.

Metaphorical use of 'darun-bari'.

4

محدودیت‌های قانونی، درونبری برخی اقلام را دشوار کرده است.

Legal restrictions have made the import of some items difficult.

Present perfect 'doshvar kardeh ast'.

5

درونبری هوشمندانه مستلزم شناخت دقیق بازار جهانی است.

Smart importing requires accurate knowledge of the global market.

Using 'mustalzem' (requires/entails).

6

نوسانات قیمت ارز، برنامه‌ریزی برای درونبری را مختل می‌کند.

Currency price fluctuations disrupt planning for imports.

Verb 'mokhtal kardan' (to disrupt).

7

بخش خصوصی نقش مهمی در درونبری کالاهای مصرفی دارد.

The private sector plays an important role in the import of consumer goods.

Phrase 'naghsh-e mohemmi dashtan'.

8

درونبری کالاهای سرمایه‌ای باعث نوسازی صنایع می‌شود.

Importing capital goods leads to the modernization of industries.

Technical term 'kalā-hā-ye sarmāyeh-i' (capital goods).

1

تحلیل ساختاری درونبری نشان‌دهنده وابستگی به درآمدهای نفتی است.

Structural analysis of imports indicates a dependency on oil revenues.

Academic register with complex nominalizations.

2

درونبری بی‌رویه موجب تضعیف بنیه تولید داخلی می‌گردد.

Unregulated imports lead to the weakening of the domestic production base.

Formal verb 'migardad' instead of 'mishavad'.

3

رویکرد فرهنگستان در گزینش واژه درونبری، صیانت از زبان است.

The Academy's approach in choosing the word 'darun-bari' is to safeguard the language.

Complex ezafe chain and abstract concepts.

4

درونبری خدمات مهندسی در پروژه‌های بزرگ ملی مشهود است.

The import of engineering services is evident in large national projects.

Abstract noun 'khadamat' (services).

5

الگوی مصرف جامعه تحت تأثیر درونبری محصولات فرهنگی قرار دارد.

The society's consumption pattern is influenced by the import of cultural products.

Passive construction 'taht-e ta'sir-e ... gharar darad'.

6

درونبری نهاده‌های دامی برای پایداری زنجیره غذایی ضروری است.

Importing livestock inputs is essential for the sustainability of the food chain.

Technical agricultural vocabulary.

7

سیاست جایگزینی درونبری یکی از ارکان اقتصاد مقاومتی است.

The policy of import substitution is one of the pillars of the resistance economy.

Specific economic policy term 'jaygozini-ye darun-bari'.

8

درونبری غیررسمی یا قاچاق، اقتصاد شفاف را به مخاطره می‌اندازد.

Informal import or smuggling jeopardizes a transparent economy.

Idiom 'be mokhatereh andakhtan'.

1

واکاوی پیوند میان درونبری و تورم ساختاری در اقتصادهای رانتی الزامی است.

An in-depth analysis of the link between imports and structural inflation in rentier economies is mandatory.

Highly academic 'vākāvi' (in-depth analysis).

2

درونبری بی‌رویه کالاهای نهایی، مخل توازن استراتژیک بازرگانی است.

The excessive import of final goods disrupts the strategic commercial balance.

Formal adjective 'mokhell' (disruptive).

3

پارادایم حاکم بر درونبری باید از مصرف‌گرایی به سمت تولید‌محوری تغییر یابد.

The paradigm governing imports must shift from consumerism toward production-centeredness.

Use of 'paradigm' and complex directional phrases.

4

درونبری تکنولوژی‌های های‌تک، پیش‌شرط گذار به صنعت نسل چهارم است.

The import of high-tech technologies is a prerequisite for the transition to Industry 4.0.

Technical and transitional language.

5

پیامدهای زیست‌محیطی درونبری کالاهای آلاینده در بلندمدت جبران‌ناپذیر است.

The environmental consequences of importing polluting goods are irreparable in the long run.

Adjective 'jobran-napazir' (irreparable).

6

تقابل میان طرفداران درونبری آزاد و حامیان حمایت‌گرایی اقتصادی تشدید شده است.

The confrontation between proponents of free import and advocates of economic protectionism has intensified.

Abstract 'taghabol' (confrontation) and 'hemayat-garayi' (protectionism).

7

درونبری فرهنگی می‌تواند به استحاله هویتی در جوامع در حال توسعه منجر شود.

Cultural import can lead to identity transformation in developing societies.

Sociological term 'estahaleh' (transformation/metamorphosis).

8

سازوکارهای نظارتی بر درونبری باید با استانداردهای بین‌المللی همسو گردند.

Monitoring mechanisms for imports must be aligned with international standards.

Subjunctive passive 'hamsoo gardand'.

よく使う組み合わせ

درونبری بی‌رویه
تعرفه درونبری
آمار درونبری
درونبری کالا
مجوز درونبری
درونبری تکنولوژی
حجم درونبری
درونبری غیرقانونی
سیاست درونبری
درونبری مستقیم

よく使うフレーズ

درونبری و برونبری

— Import and export. Used to describe the total trade activity.

تراز میان درونبری و برونبری منفی است.

وابستگی به درونبری

— Dependency on imports. Used in economic analysis.

وابستگی به درونبری گندم خطرناک است.

محدودیت درونبری

— Import restriction. Used in legal or policy contexts.

محدودیت درونبری کالاهای لوکس اعمال شد.

درونبری مواد اولیه

— Import of raw materials. Common in industrial talk.

درونبری مواد اولیه برای کارخانه حیاتی است.

درونبری قطعات

— Import of parts. Common in the auto or tech industry.

درونبری قطعات به دلیل تحریم متوقف شد.

درونبری کالا از راه زمین

— Importing goods by land routes.

درونبری کالا از راه زمین ارزان‌تر است.

درونبری محصولات کشاورزی

— Import of agricultural products.

درونبری محصولات کشاورزی باید مدیریت شود.

درونبری انحصاری

— Exclusive/Monopoly import.

درونبری انحصاری شکر در دست یک شرکت است.

درونبری موقت

— Temporary import for processing or exhibition.

این کالاها برای درونبری موقت هستند.

درونبری سرمایه

— Import of capital/foreign investment.

درونبری سرمایه به رشد کشور کمک می‌کند.

慣用句と表現

"درونبری دردسر"

— To bring trouble upon oneself (metaphorical/informal usage).

با این کار فقط درونبری دردسر کردی.

Informal/Creative
"سفره درونبری"

— A situation where everything is imported and nothing is local.

سفره ما کاملاً به درونبری وابسته است.

Journalistic
"درونبری دانش"

— Acquiring wisdom or information from others.

او همیشه در حال درونبری دانش از کتاب‌هاست.

Literary
"قفل درونبری"

— A total halt or blockade on imports.

تحریم‌ها قفل درونبری را محکم‌تر کرد.

Economic
"درونبری بی‌رویه، مرگ تولید"

— A slogan suggesting excessive imports kill local industry.

یادت باشد: درونبری بی‌رویه، مرگ تولید است.

Political Slogan
"تب درونبری"

— An obsession or craze for foreign imported goods.

تب درونبری در میان جوانان بالا گرفته است.

Social Critique
"درونبری اندیشه"

— The import of foreign ideologies or thoughts.

درونبری اندیشه باید با نقد همراه باشد.

Philosophical
"رگ حیات درونبری"

— The main route or source that keeps imports flowing.

این بندر رگ حیات درونبری کشور است.

Formal
"درونبری گزینشی"

— Selective importing of only what i

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