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B1 noun 9分で読める

سهم

sahm

練習する例文メモとヒント سهم 30秒で

解説 سهم in your Level:

At the beginner level (A1), you can think of 'Sahm' as a simple word for 'my piece' or 'your piece'. Imagine you are at a birthday party with a big cake. When the cake is cut, everyone gets a 'Sahm'. It is a very useful word for basic needs and sharing. You might use it to talk about food, toys, or time. For example, 'Sahm-e man' means 'my share'. At this level, don't worry about complex grammar. Just remember that when things are divided, 'Sahm' is the word for the part that belongs to you. It helps you express ownership in a group setting. You can use it with simple verbs like 'gereftan' (to get) or 'dādan' (to give). If you are learning Persian to travel, this word will help you when ordering food to share or when splitting a small expense with a friend. It is one of the first words you learn about social interaction and fairness. Even at A1, using 'Sahm' correctly makes you sound more natural than just saying 'this' or 'that'.

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At the A2 level, you start using 'Sahm' in slightly more complex social situations. You move beyond just food and toys to things like chores and money. If you are living with roommates, you might talk about 'Sahm-e hazine-hā' (the share of expenses). You will also begin to see the word in simple news headlines or signs. For instance, you might see 'Sahmiyeh' (quota) at a gas station or a bakery. At this stage, you should practice using the Ezafe construction with 'Sahm'. For example, 'Sahm-e mā' (our share) or 'Sahm-e barādar-am' (my brother's share). You are also learning that 'Sahm' can be used for abstract things like time. 'Sahm-e man az vaght-e telveziyun' (my share of the TV time). This level is about expanding the categories of things that can be shared. You also start to understand that 'Sahm' implies a sense of fairness. If someone takes too much, you might say 'In sahm-e to nist' (This is not your share). It's a foundational word for negotiating and setting boundaries in Persian-speaking environments.

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As a B1 (Intermediate) learner, 'Sahm' becomes a key vocabulary item for discussing social, economic, and professional life. This is the level where you must distinguish between 'Sahm' (share) and 'Ghesmat' (part). You will use 'Sahm' to discuss your contribution to a group project or your role in a team's success. For example, 'Man sahm-e khodam rā dar projeh anjām dādam' (I did my share/part in the project). You will also encounter the plural form 'Sahām' in the context of the stock market and business. Understanding 'Sahām-e Edālat' (Justice Shares) in Iran is a great way to practice this word in a cultural context. You should be comfortable using 'Sahm' with a variety of verbs like 'adā kardan' (to fulfill), 'taghsim kardan' (to divide), and 'ekhtesās dādan' (to allocate). At B1, you are expected to understand that 'Sahm' isn't just about physical objects but also about responsibilities and rights. You might participate in discussions about 'Sahm-e zanān' (women's share/representation) in society, which is a common topic in intermediate Persian reading materials.

At the B2 level, you use 'Sahm' with more nuance and precision, especially in formal and academic contexts. You will encounter the word in complex economic reports, political analyses, and literary texts. You should understand the difference between 'Sahm' as a simple portion and 'Sahmiyeh' as a regulated quota. For instance, you might analyze how 'Sahmiyeh-bandi' (rationing) affects the Iranian economy. In literature, you will see 'Sahm' used metaphorically to describe a person's lot in life or their existential 'portion' of joy or sorrow. You will also learn more sophisticated collocations like 'Sahm-e bozorgi dāshtan' (to have a significant share/role) or 'Sahm-e nāsazegār' (disproportionate share). At this level, you can use 'Sahm' to argue for equity or to describe the impact of a particular factor on a result. For example, 'Sahm-e avāmel-e mohiti dar rāyedeh-ye bimāri' (The share/role of environmental factors in the spread of the disease). Your usage should reflect an understanding of the word's weight in formal discourse, where it often signifies influence and power dynamics.

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At the C1 (Advanced) level, 'Sahm' is used to discuss deep philosophical, legal, and structural issues. You will explore its legal definitions in inheritance law ('Sahm-ol-ers') and corporate governance. You can use the word to discuss the 'share of voice' in media studies or the 'market share' (Sahm-e bāzār) in high-level business strategy. At this stage, you should be able to appreciate the etymological roots of the word and how it relates to concepts of justice and distribution in Islamic and Persian thought. You will encounter 'Sahm' in classical poetry, where it might represent the arrow of fate (the word 'Sahm' in Arabic also means arrow). You should be able to write essays discussing 'Sahm-e farhang dar towse-e-ye pāydār' (The role/share of culture in sustainable development). Your command of the word should allow you to use it in subtle ways to imply responsibility without being overly direct. You will also understand the socio-political implications of 'Sahmiyeh-hā' in the Iranian education system and be able to debate their pros and cons using sophisticated vocabulary and complex sentence structures.

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At the C2 (Mastery) level, your use of 'Sahm' is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. You can use the word in its most abstract and metaphorical senses, weaving it into complex rhetorical arguments or poetic compositions. You understand the historical evolution of the word from its Arabic origins to its modern Persian applications. You can navigate the most technical financial documents regarding 'Sahām-e momtāz' (preferred shares) or 'Sahām-e khazāneh' (treasury shares) with ease. You are also sensitive to the subtle connotations 'Sahm' carries in different registers—from the grit of a street-level negotiation over a 'Sahmiyeh' to the lofty ideals of 'Sahm-e bashari' (the human share/legacy) in global history. You can critique the use of 'Sahm' in political propaganda and understand how the concept of 'sharing' is used to build national identity. At this level, 'Sahm' is not just a word but a conceptual tool that you use to dissect and describe the world's distribution of resources, power, and destiny with absolute precision and stylistic flair.

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練習する例文メモとヒント

سهم 30秒で

Sahm means 'share' or 'portion'.
It is used for food, money, stocks, and roles.
The plural 'Sahām' is used for financial stocks.
It often pairs with the preposition 'az' (from/of).

The Persian word سهم (Sahm) is a multifaceted noun that primarily translates to 'share', 'portion', or 'quota'. While its origins are rooted in the Arabic language, it has become an indispensable part of the Persian lexicon, used in contexts ranging from daily household chores to complex financial markets. At its core, Sahm represents a division of a whole. Whether you are talking about a slice of cake, a percentage of a company's ownership, or the amount of effort one contributes to a group project, this word is the go-to term for describing that specific 'part'. Understanding Sahm is crucial for intermediate learners because it bridges the gap between concrete physical objects and abstract social or economic responsibilities. It is not merely a quantity; it often implies a sense of entitlement or duty.

Daily Life Usage: In a domestic setting, you might hear a mother telling her children to take their 'sahm' of the fruit. Here, it denotes a fair distribution among siblings. It suggests that there is a total amount available, and each person has a designated portion that belongs to them.

هر کس باید سهم خودش را از غذا بردارد.
(Everyone must take their own share of the food.)

Financial and Business Context: In the world of finance, Sahm (plural: Sahām) refers to a 'stock' or 'equity share'. If you own 'sahm' in a company, you are a 'sahāmdār' (shareholder). This is perhaps the most common formal usage in modern Iranian news and economic reports.

قیمت هر سهم در بازار بورس افزایش یافت.
(The price of each share in the stock market increased.)

Abstract Contribution: Beyond physical things, Sahm describes the role or influence someone has in an outcome. If a team wins a game, every player has a 'sahm' in that victory. This usage is common in political speeches and academic writing to describe contributions to society or history.

او سهم بزرگی در موفقیت این پروژه داشت.
(He had a large share/role in the success of this project.)

Furthermore, the word is often associated with the concept of 'quota' or 'ration'. In Iran, where certain goods like gasoline or university seats are distributed via quotas, the word Sahmiyeh (سهمیه) - a derivative of Sahm - is used. This implies a predetermined amount allocated to an individual or group. For example, 'sahmiyeh-ye benzin' refers to the monthly fuel ration. Understanding this root allows you to unlock a whole family of words related to distribution, equity, and participation. It is a word that balances the cold calculations of economics with the warm expectations of social fairness.

دولت سهمیه بنزین را اعلام کرد.
(The government announced the gasoline quota.)

سهم من از این دنیا تنهایی است.
(My share of this world is loneliness - a poetic usage.)

Using سهم (Sahm) correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical placement and the common verbs it pairs with. In most cases, it functions as a direct object or a subject, often followed by the preposition 'az' (از) which means 'from' or 'of'. This construction helps specify what the share is being taken from. For instance, 'sahm-e man az pol' means 'my share of the money'. Notice the use of the Ezafe (the short 'e' sound connecting words) which is essential in Persian for showing possession or relationship.

Verb Pairing: Dāshtan (To Have): This is the simplest way to use the word. You simply state that someone 'has a share'. It can be used for physical ownership or abstract contribution.

او در این شرکت بیست درصد سهم دارد.
(He has a twenty percent share in this company.)

Verb Pairing: Bardāshtan (To Take): When resources are being divided, you 'take' your share. This is very common in informal settings like family dinners or splitting costs.

لطفاً سهم خودت را بردار و بقیه را بگذار.
(Please take your share and leave the rest.)

Verb Pairing: Pardākhtan (To Pay): When splitting a bill or a collective expense, you 'pay your share'. This is vital for social interactions in Iran, where 'Ta'arof' (ritual politeness) often complicates who pays for what.

من سهم خودم را از کرایه تاکسی پرداختم.
(I paid my share of the taxi fare.)

In more formal or literary contexts, Sahm can be used with the verb 'adā kardan' (to fulfill/perform). The phrase 'sahm-e khod rā adā kardan' means to do one's part or fulfill one's duty. This is often heard in patriotic speeches or when discussing environmental responsibilities. It moves the word from a passive 'having' to an active 'doing'.

همه ما باید سهم خود را در حفاظت از محیط زیست ادا کنیم.
(We all must do our part in protecting the environment.)

دانش‌آموزان سهم خود را از کتاب‌ها گرفتند.
(The students received their share of the books.)

If you spend a day in an Iranian city, you will encounter سهم (Sahm) in several distinct environments. Each environment nuances the word differently. The most common place is likely the news, specifically the economic segment. Iran has a very active stock market (Bourse), and the word Sahām (the plural of Sahm) is repeated constantly. You will hear about 'Sahām-e Edālat' (Justice Shares), a government program aimed at distributing shares of state-owned companies to lower-income citizens. This is a massive topic in Iranian public discourse.

At the Gas Station: You will hear people talking about their 'sahmiyeh' (quota). Due to fuel subsidies, Iranians have a limited amount of cheap fuel per month. People will ask: 'Cheghadr az sahmiyat moondeh?' (How much of your quota is left?).

من هنوز ده لیتر از سهمیه این ماهم را دارم.
(I still have ten liters of my quota for this month.)

In University Admissions: The 'Konkur' (national entrance exam) is a high-stakes event. Admission is often influenced by 'sahmiyeh-hā' (quotas) for different regions or groups. Students often discuss if their 'sahm' was enough to get into a top university.

سهمیه مناطق محروم در کنکور چقدر است؟
(What is the quota for underprivileged areas in the Konkur?)

In the Kitchen: When preparing food for a party, a cook might ask how many 'sahm' (servings/portions) a pot of rice will provide. This is a very practical, everyday use.

این دیگ غذا برای ده سهم کافی است.
(This pot of food is enough for ten portions.)

Finally, in sports commentary, you will hear about a player's 'sahm' in a goal or a win. 'Sahm-e khāsi dāsht' (He had a special share/role) is a common phrase to praise a standout performance. Whether you are looking at a receipt, a newspaper, or a dinner plate, Sahm is the word that defines how things are split up and who gets what.

دروازه‌بان سهم زیادی در پیروزی تیم داشت.
(The goalkeeper had a large share in the team's victory.)

For English speakers, the word سهم (Sahm) can be tricky because in English, we often use different words for its various meanings. We might say 'portion' for food, 'share' for stocks, and 'role' for contribution. In Persian, Sahm covers all of these. A common mistake is trying to find separate Persian words for these concepts when Sahm is already the most natural choice. However, there are specific pitfalls to avoid regarding its pluralization and its confusion with similar-sounding words.

Pluralization Confusion: Many learners use 'Sahm-hā' in financial contexts. While technically correct in modern Persian, 'Sahām' (the Arabic broken plural) is the standard term in finance. Using 'Sahm-hā' when talking about the stock market can make you sound like a beginner.

Incorrect: من سهم‌های زیادی خریدم.
Correct: من سهام زیادی خریدم.
(I bought many shares.)

Confusion with 'Ghesmat': 'Ghesmat' (قسمت) also means 'part' or 'portion'. However, 'Ghesmat' is more about a physical section (like a part of a car or a chapter of a book). 'Sahm' implies ownership or entitlement. You wouldn't say 'Sahm-e aval-e ketāb' (the first share of the book); you'd say 'Ghesmat-e aval'.

این قسمت از فیلم خسته‌کننده است.
(This part of the movie is boring - Don't use 'Sahm' here!)

Overusing 'Sahmiyeh': 'Sahmiyeh' is specifically for institutional quotas (gas, university). Don't use it for a piece of pizza. For pizza, 'Sahm' or 'Ghesmat' is much better.

Incorrect: سهمیه پیتزای من کجاست؟
Correct: سهم پیتزای من کجاست؟
(Where is my share of the pizza?)

Another subtle mistake is the preposition. Always remember that you have a share 'in' something (dar - در) or a share 'from' something (az - از). Using 'be' (to) is usually incorrect unless you are 'giving' a share to someone. Mastering these small distinctions will elevate your Persian from functional to fluent.

او در سود شرکت سهم دارد.
(He has a share IN the company's profit.)

Persian is a language rich in synonyms, and while سهم (Sahm) is very versatile, there are times when other words are more appropriate. Understanding the nuance between these alternatives is key to achieving a B1/B2 level of proficiency. The most common alternatives are Bakhsh, Ghesmat, and Nasib. Each carries a different 'flavor' and is used in specific contexts that don't always overlap with Sahm.

Sahm vs. Bakhsh (بخش): Bakhsh is often translated as 'section' or 'department'. It is used for organizational divisions (like a hospital department) or parts of a whole that are distinct units. Sahm is used when that 'part' is being distributed or owned.

او در بخش فروش کار می‌کند.
(He works in the sales department - You wouldn't use 'Sahm' here.)

Sahm vs. Ghesmat (قسمت): Ghesmat is the most general word for 'part'. It can be a piece of a puzzle, a segment of a journey, or even 'fate'. While Sahm implies a fair split among people, Ghesmat is just a piece of the object itself.

کدام قسمت از کتاب را دوست داری؟
(Which part of the book do you like?)

Sahm vs. Nasib (نصیب): Nasib is a more poetic and fatalistic word. It refers to the 'portion' of luck, fortune, or suffering that life has granted you. While Sahm can be used poetically, Nasib is almost exclusively for things beyond your control.

این موفقیت نصیب هر کسی نمی‌شود.
(This success is not granted to everyone/is not everyone's lot.)

In summary, use Sahm when you are talking about distribution, ownership, quotas, or stocks. Use Bakhsh for organizational units, Ghesmat for general pieces or fate, and Nasib for luck or destiny. In a business context, you might also hear Hesseh (حصه), which is a very formal Arabic synonym for share, but it's rarely used in modern conversational Persian.

دولت سهم بخش خصوصی را در اقتصاد افزایش داد.
(The government increased the private SECTOR'S SHARE in the economy - using both concepts!)

How Formal Is It?

豆知識

Because 'Sahm' originally meant 'arrow', it carries the historical weight of a 'lot' drawn by chance. Today, it has evolved into the very calculated world of stock markets!

発音ガイド

UK /sæhm/

US /sæhm/

The stress is on the only syllable: SAHM.

韻が合う語

فهم (Fahm - understanding) وهم (Vahm - illusion) رحم (Rahm - mercy) لحم (Lahm - meat, archaic) دحم (Dahm - pushing, rare) شحم (Shahm - fat, archaic) نظم (Nazm - order, though the vowel is slightly different) بزم (Bazm - banquet)

よくある間違い

Pronouncing it like 'Sa-ham' (two syllables). It is a single syllable in Persian.
Making the 'h' sound like a 'kh' (rough throat sound). It should be a soft breathy 'h'.
Vowel lengthening: Don't turn the short 'a' into a long 'ā' (like 'sawm').
Swallowing the 'm' at the end.
Confusing it with 'Sam' (poison) which has no 'h'.

難易度

読解 3/5

Easy to recognize, but plural forms can be confusing in economic texts.

ライティング 3/5

Requires correct use of Ezafe and 'rā'.

スピーキング 2/5

A very common and useful word for daily negotiations.

リスニング 3/5

Used frequently in news; must distinguish from similar sounding words like 'Sam'.

次に学ぶべきこと

前提知識

بخش (Part) پول (Money) غذا (Food) داشتن (To have) دادن (To give)

次に学ぶ

سرمایه (Capital) سود (Profit) عدالت (Justice) حق (Right) مالکیت (Ownership)

上級

تخصیص منابع (Resource allocation) اوراق بهادار (Securities) حق‌الزحمه (Wages/Fee) نصیب و قسمت (Fate and destiny)

知っておくべき文法

Ezafe Construction

سهمِ من (Sahm-e man) - The 'e' connects the noun to the possessor.

Object Marker 'rā'

سهمم را گرفتم (I took my share) - 'rā' follows the specific object.

Arabic Broken Plurals

سهم (Sahm) -> سهام (Sahām). Many Persian nouns follow Arabic plural patterns.

Compound Noun Formation

سهام + دار = سهام‌دار (Stock + holder = Shareholder).

Prepositional Usage

سهم از چیزی (Share of/from something).

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レベル別の例文

این سهم من است.

This is my share.

Use of 'man' (me/my) after the Ezafe.

سهم تو کجاست؟

Where is your share?

Simple question word 'kojāst' (where is).

او سهم خودش را خورد.

He/she ate his/her own share.

Use of 'khod-ash' (his/her own) for emphasis.

سهم ما از سیب‌ها کم است.

Our share of the apples is small.

Adjective 'kam' (little/small) describing the share.

بیا سهم‌ها را تقسیم کنیم.

Let's divide the shares.

Imperative 'biā' (come/let's) with 'taghsim kardan'.

این سهمِ علی است.

This is Ali's share.

Ezafe connecting 'Sahm' and the proper noun 'Ali'.

من سهم نمی‌خواهم.

I don't want a share.

Negative verb 'nemikhāham' (I don't want).

سهمِ نانِ من کجاست؟

Where is my share of the bread?

Double Ezafe: Sahm-e nān-e man.

ما سهمِ کرایه را با هم دادیم.

We gave (paid) the share of the rent together.

Past tense 'dādim' (we gave).

سهمیه بنزین من تمام شد.

My gasoline quota finished (ran out).

Use of 'Sahmiyeh' for a specific quota.

هر دانش‌آموز یک سهم از کاغذ دارد.

Each student has one share of paper.

Use of 'har' (each/every).

سهمِ تو از این کار چیست؟

What is your share (role) of this work?

Question word 'chist' (what is).

او سهمِ بیشتری از کیک می‌خواست.

He wanted a larger share of the cake.

Comparative adjective 'bishtar' (more/larger).

لطفاً سهمِ مرا به من بدهید.

Please give me my share.

Formal imperative 'bedahid' (give).

سهمِ هر نفر دو هزار تومان است.

Each person's share is two thousand Tomans.

Use of 'har nafar' (each person).

آیا سهمِ خودت را برداشتی؟

Did you take your own share?

Past tense question 'bardāshti?' (did you take?).

او سهمِ بزرگی در پیروزی تیم داشت.

He had a large share (role) in the team's victory.

Abstract usage of 'Sahm' meaning contribution.

قیمتِ سهام امروز پایین آمد.

Stock prices came down today.

Use of the plural 'Sahām' for stocks.

ما باید سهمِ خود را در نظافتِ شهر ادا کنیم.

We must do our part in the city's cleanliness.

The idiom 'sahm-e khod rā adā kardan'.

سهمِ بخشِ کشاورزی در اقتصاد کم شده است.

The agricultural sector's share in the economy has decreased.

Formal sentence structure with 'kam shodeh ast'.

او به عنوانِ سهام‌دار در جلسات شرکت می‌کند.

He participates in meetings as a shareholder.

The compound noun 'Sahāmdār' (shareholder).

سهمیه دانشگاه برای مناطقِ مختلف متفاوت است.

The university quota for different regions is different.

Use of 'Sahmiyeh' in an educational context.

آیا سهمِ ارثِ او مشخص شده است؟

Has his share of the inheritance been determined?

Passive construction 'moshakhas shodeh ast'.

او تمامِ سهمِ خود را از شرکت فروخت.

He sold all of his share in the company.

Use of 'tamām-e' (all of).

سهمِ ایران در تولیدِ نفتِ جهانی قابلِ توجه است.

Iran's share in global oil production is significant.

Academic adjective 'ghābel-e tavajoh' (significant).

دولت در حالِ واگذاریِ سهامِ عدالت به مردم است.

The government is in the process of transferring justice shares to the people.

Continuous present 'dar hāl-e vāgozāri'.

سهمیه بندیِ بنزین باعثِ کاهشِ مصرف شد.

Gasoline rationing caused a decrease in consumption.

The noun 'Sahmiyeh-bandi' (rationing).

او سهمِ بسزایی در پیشرفتِ علمِ پزشکی داشت.

He had a significant share/role in the advancement of medical science.

Formal adjective 'besazā' (significant/fitting).

سهمِ بازارِ این شرکت در سالِ گذشته رشد کرد.

This company's market share grew last year.

Economic term 'Sahm-e bāzār' (market share).

نویسنده در این کتاب، سهمِ فرهنگ را در تاریخ بررسی می‌کند.

In this book, the author examines the role of culture in history.

Verbal phrase 'barresi kardan' (to examine).

سهمِ هر یک از طرفین در قرارداد ذکر شده است.

The share of each of the parties is mentioned in the contract.

Legal term 'tarafein' (both parties).

او سهمِ خود را از مسئولیتِ این اشتباه پذیرفت.

He accepted his share of responsibility for this mistake.

Abstract usage: 'Sahm az mas'uliyat'.

سهمِ ناچیزِ کشورهای در حالِ توسعه در تصمیم‌گیری‌های جهانی ناعادلانه است.

The negligible share of developing countries in global decision-making is unjust.

Advanced adjective 'nāchiz' (negligible/insignificant).

او در اشعارش به سهمِ بشر از رنج و تنهایی می‌پردازد.

In his poems, he addresses the human share of suffering and loneliness.

Philosophical usage of 'Sahm'.

توزیعِ ناعادلانه سهمِ ثروت باعثِ شکافِ طبقاتی می‌شود.

Unjust distribution of the share of wealth causes a class gap.

Complex noun phrase 'shekāf-e tabaghāti'.

سهمِ ارثِ زوجه در قوانینِ مدنی به دقت تعیین شده است.

The wife's share of inheritance is precisely determined in civil laws.

Legal term 'zowjeh' (wife) and 'ghavānin-e madani'.

سهمیه جنسیتی در پارلمان می‌تواند به برابری کمک کند.

Gender quotas in parliament can help equality.

Sociological term 'Sahmiyeh-ye jensiyati'.

او با خریدِ سهامِ مدیریتی، کنترلِ شرکت را به دست گرفت.

By buying management shares, he took control of the company.

Business term 'Sahām-e modiriyati'.

سهمِ هر فرد در آلودگیِ هوا باید محاسبه شود.

Every individual's share in air pollution must be calculated.

Environmental context.

این فیلسوف معتقد است که سهمِ عقل در شناختِ حقیقت محدود است.

This philosopher believes that the share/role of reason in knowing the truth is limited.

Epistemological usage.

سهمِ تمدن‌های باستانی در شکل‌گیریِ هویتِ مدرن غیرقابلِ انکار است.

The share of ancient civilizations in the formation of modern identity is undeniable.

Formal adjective 'gheyr-e ghābel-e enkār' (undeniable).

او با ظرافت، سهمِ تقدیر را در تراژدی‌های انسانی ترسیم می‌کند.

He delicately portrays the share of fate in human tragedies.

Literary verb 'tarsim kardan' (to portray/draw).

نوساناتِ شدید در بازارِ سهام می‌تواند ثباتِ سیاسی را به خطر اندازد.

Sharp fluctuations in the stock market can jeopardize political stability.

Macroeconomic context.

سهمِ ناخودآگاه در رفتارهای روزمره موضوعِ اصلیِ این پژوهش است.

The share/role of the subconscious in daily behaviors is the main subject of this research.

Psychological term 'nākhodāgāh' (subconscious).

بازنگری در سهمیه بندیِ منابعِ آبی یک ضرورتِ ملی است.

Revising the rationing of water resources is a national necessity.

Policy term 'bāznagari' (revision).

او در پیِ احقاقِ سهمِ خود از میراثِ فرهنگیِ نیاکانش بود.

He was seeking to realize his share of his ancestors' cultural heritage.

Formal phrase 'ehghāgh-e sahm' (realizing/claiming a share).

سهمِ هر یک از قوای سه‌گانه در قانونِ اساسی تبیین شده است.

The share/role of each of the three branches of power is explained in the constitution.

Political term 'ghovā-ye segāneh' (three branches of power).

تجزیه و تحلیلِ سهمِ عواملِ ساختاری در فقر نیازمندِ تخصص است.

Analyzing the share of structural factors in poverty requires expertise.

Sociological analysis.

よく使う組み合わせ

سهم داشتن

سهم بردن

سهم بازار

خرید سهام

سهم عمده

سهم ناچیز

سهم عادلانه

سهمیه بندی

سهم خود را ادا کردن

سهم الارث

よく使うフレーズ

سهم من کو؟

— Where is my share? Used informally when something is being distributed.

وقتی پیتزا رسید، برادرم پرسید: سهم من کو؟

به سهم خود

— For one's part / personally. Used to express a personal opinion or contribution.

من به سهم خود از شما تشکر می‌کنم.

سهام عدالت

— Justice Shares. A specific Iranian government program of distributing shares.

بسیاری از مردم ایران سهام عدالت دارند.

سهمیه کنکور

— University entrance exam quota. A very common topic for students.

او از سهمیه شاهد برای ورود به دانشگاه استفاده کرد.

سهم شیر

— The lion's share. The largest portion of something.

او سهم شیر را از سود شرکت برداشت.

بازار سهام

— The stock market. General term for the Bourse.

بازار سهام امروز نوسان زیادی داشت.

سهم بسزا

— A significant/fitting share or role.

تکنولوژی سهم بسزایی در تغییر زندگی ما داشته است.

سهم خواهی

— Seeking one's share, often used pejoratively in politics.

احزاب سیاسی به دنبال سهم خواهی از قدرت هستند.

سهمیه بنزین

— Gasoline ration/quota.

سهمیه بنزین هر ماه شارژ می‌شود.

سهمِ مازاد

— Surplus share or extra portion.

سهم مازاد به خیریه بخشیده شد.

よく混同される語

سهم vs سم (Sam)

Means 'poison'. It lacks the 'h' sound found in 'Sahm'.

سهم vs صم (Samm)

Means 'deaf' in Arabic/Formal Persian, very rare but sounds similar.

سهم vs سهمگین (Sahmgin)

Means 'terrible' or 'scary'. While it looks like 'Sahm', its meaning is unrelated.

慣用句と表現

"سهم خود را ادا کردن"

— To do one's part or fulfill one's duty in a collective effort.

او در جنگ سهم خود را به میهن ادا کرد.

Formal/Patriotic

"سهم کسی را کف دستش گذاشتن"

— To give someone what they deserve (usually as a punishment).

اگر دوباره اذیت کند، سهمش را کف دستش می‌گذارم.

Informal/Threatening

"بی‌سهم ماندن"

— To be left out or get nothing from a distribution.

متاسفانه او از ارث پدر بی‌سهم ماند.

Neutral

"سهم بردن از کسی/چیزی"

— To take after someone (traits) or benefit from something.

او از زیبایی مادرش سهم برده است.

Neutral/Literary

"سهمِ شیر را بردن"

— To take the lion's share; to take the largest or best part.

در این معامله، دلال سهم شیر را برد.

Informal/Common

"سهمِ خود را گرفتن"

— To get what is coming to one (positive or negative).

بالاخره هر کسی سهم خود را از زندگی می‌گیرد.

Philosophical

"در سهمِ خود"

— Within one's own capacity or share.

هر کس در سهم خود مسئول است.

Formal

"سهمیه داشتن"

— To have a connection or privilege (slang/informal).

انگار برای استخدام سهمیه داشت.

Informal/Critical

"سهم‌بندی کردن"

— To apportion or ration resources strictly.

آن‌ها وقتشان را برای مطالعه سهم‌بندی کردند.

Neutral

"سهمِ کسی را خوردن"

— To take someone else's rightful portion or to cheat them.

او سهم برادرش را خورد و فرار کرد.

Informal

間違えやすい

سهم vs قسمت (Ghesmat)

Both mean 'part'.

Ghesmat is a physical section or fate. Sahm is an owned portion or quota.

کدام قسمت فیلم را دیدی؟ (Which part of the movie did you see?)

سهم vs بخش (Bakhsh)

Both mean 'portion'.

Bakhsh is an organizational or structural unit. Sahm is a distributive share.

بخش دوم کتاب (The second section of the book).

سهم vs تکه (Tekkeh)

Both mean 'piece'.

Tekkeh is a physical piece, usually small and irregular. Sahm is a calculated share.

یک تکه پیتزا (A piece of pizza).

سهم vs نصیب (Nasib)

Both mean 'lot'.

Nasib is poetic/fatalistic. Sahm is practical/economic.

نصیب ما از زندگی غم بود. (Our lot in life was sorrow.)

سهم vs سهمیه (Sahmiyeh)

Often used interchangeably.

Sahmiyeh is specifically a quota or ration set by an authority.

سهمیه آب (Water quota).

文型パターン

این سهمِ [اسم] است.

این سهمِ من است.

[اسم] سهمش را [فعل].

علی سهمش را برداشت.

او در [اسم] سهمِ [صفت] داشت.

او در پیروزی سهمِ بزرگی داشت.

سهمِ [اسم] در [اسم] رو به افزایش است.

سهمِ این شرکت در بازار رو به افزایش است.

باید به سهمِ [اسم] در [اسم] توجه کرد.

باید به سهمِ فرهنگ در آموزش توجه کرد.

تبیینِ سهمِ [مفهوم] نیازمندِ واکاوی است.

تبیینِ سهمِ تقدیر نیازمندِ واکاوی است.

سهمیه [اسم] در حالِ اتمام است.

سهمیه بنزین در حالِ اتمام است.

او به عنوانِ سهام‌دارِ [صفت] شناخته می‌شود.

او به عنوانِ سهام‌دارِ عمده شناخته می‌شود.

語族

名詞

سهام (Sahām - stocks/plural)

سهمیه (Sahmiyeh - quota/ration)

سهام‌دار (Sahāmdār - shareholder)

سهم‌بر (Sahm-bar - one who takes a share)

سهم‌گذاری (Sahm-gozāri - contribution/allocation)

動詞

سهم داشتن (Sahm dāshtan - to have a share)

سهیم شدن (Sahim shodan - to become a partner/share in)

سهمیه بندی کردن (Sahmiyeh-bandi kardan - to ration)

تقسیم کردن (Taghsim kardan - to divide into shares)

形容詞

سهامی (Sahāmi - joint-stock/corporate)

سهیم (Sahim - participating/partnered)

سهمگین (Sahmgin - terrifying, though etymologically different, it's often associated by learners)

使い方

frequency

Extremely high in business, news, and daily life.

よくある間違い

Saying 'Sahm-e aval' for 'the first part of a book'. → Ghesmat-e aval
Sahm is for ownership/distribution; Ghesmat is for sequential parts.
Using 'Sahm-hā' for stock market prices. → Gheymat-e Sahām
Sahām is the standard financial plural.
Pronouncing it 'Sa-ham'. → Sahm (one syllable)
It's a single syllable ending in a consonant cluster.
Using 'Sahm' without 'rā' when it's a specific object. → Sahm-am rā gereftam.
If the share is specific (mine, yours), it needs 'rā'.
Confusing 'Sahm' with 'Sam' (poison). → Sahm (with 'h')
The 'h' is crucial for meaning.

ヒント

Ezafe is Key

Always use the Ezafe (the short 'e' sound) when saying 'someone's share'. Sahm-e Ali, Sahm-e man, Sahm-e mā. Without it, the sentence won't make sense.

Sahm vs. Ghesmat

Use 'Sahm' when people are dividing something. Use 'Ghesmat' when you are just pointing at a part of an object (like a part of a car).

Stocks and Shares

If you are interested in the Iranian economy, learn the plural 'Sahām'. You will see it on every news ticker in Iran.

Doing Your Part

The phrase 'Sahm-e khod rā adā kardan' is a great way to show you are a responsible team player or citizen.

The Silent 'H'

The 'h' in Sahm is not silent like in English 'hour', but it's not a 'kh'. It's a soft breath. Practice breathing out while saying the 'm'.

Konkur Quotas

Understanding 'Sahmiyeh' in the university system will help you understand why Iranian students are so stressed about their exams.

Inheritance

In legal contexts, 'Sahm-ol-ers' is the specific term for an inheritance portion. It's vital for understanding family law.

Pizza Shares

In a casual setting, you can say 'Sahmam' (my share) instead of 'Sahm-e man' to sound more like a native speaker.

Life's Share

In poetry, 'Sahm' refers to the portion of joy or pain life gives you. It's a very deep and emotional way to use the word.

Gasoline

If you rent a car in Iran, you must know about the 'Sahmiyeh' on the fuel card, or you will pay a much higher price for gas.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of 'Sahm' as 'Some'. If you have 'Sahm', you have 'some' of the whole. It sounds very similar to the English word for a portion!

視覚的連想

Imagine an arrow (the original meaning) pointing to a specific slice of a pie chart. That slice is your 'Sahm'.

Word Web

Sahm Sahām (Stocks) Sahāmdār (Shareholder) Sahmiyeh (Quota) Sahim (Partner) Taghsim (Divide) Bourse (Market) Ers (Inheritance)

チャレンジ

Try to use 'Sahm' in three different ways today: once for food, once for a task you did, and once for a financial concept.

語源

Borrowed from Arabic 'sahm' (سهم). In Arabic, the root S-H-M relates to arrows or casting lots.

元の意味： Originally referred to an 'arrow' used in ancient games of chance or for casting lots to divide property or spoils of war.

Semitic (Arabic) origin, integrated into the Indo-European Persian language.

文化的な背景

Be careful when discussing 'Sahmiyeh' in the context of university admissions, as it can be a sensitive political and social topic in Iran.

In English, we distinguish between 'stock', 'portion', and 'quota'. In Persian, 'Sahm' is the umbrella term for all these.

Sahām-e Edālat (Government share program) Bourse-e Tehrān (Tehran Stock Exchange) Konkur quotas

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

Eating with friends

سهم من کجاست؟
سهمت را بردار.
سهم‌ها مساوی نیست.
من سهمم را خوردم.

Stock Market

قیمت سهام
خرید سهام
سهام‌دار عمده
سود سهام

Group Projects

سهم هر کس مشخص است.
سهم من در این کار چیست؟
او سهم بزرگی داشت.
همه باید سهم خود را انجام دهند.

Inheritance/Law

سهم‌الارث قانونی
سهم خود را بخشیدن
تعیین سهم
دعوا سر سهم

Government Quotas

سهمیه بنزین
سهمیه بندی آب
سهمیه دانشگاه
کارت سهمیه

会話のきっかけ

"آیا شما در بورس سهام دارید؟ (Do you have stocks in the market?)"

"سهم شما در این پروژه تیمی چیست؟ (What is your share/role in this team project?)"

"به نظر شما سهمیه بندی بنزین کار درستی است؟ (In your opinion, is gasoline rationing the right thing?)"

"چگونه سهم غذا را بین مهمان‌ها تقسیم می‌کنید؟ (How do you divide the food portions among guests?)"

"آیا فکر می‌کنید سهم زنان در دولت کافی است؟ (Do you think women's share in the government is sufficient?)"

日記のテーマ

درباره سهمی که در موفقیت یک دوست داشته‌اید بنویسید. (Write about the share/role you had in a friend's success.)

آیا تا به حال احساس کرده‌اید که سهم عادلانه‌ای از چیزی نگرفته‌اید؟ (Have you ever felt you didn't get a fair share of something?)

نقش و سهم تکنولوژی در زندگی روزمره شما چیست؟ (What is the role and share of technology in your daily life?)

اگر صاحب سهام یک شرکت بزرگ بودید، چه می‌کردید؟ (If you were a shareholder in a large company, what would you do?)

سهم شما در حفاظت از محیط زیست چیست؟ (What is your share/part in protecting the environment?)

よくある質問

10 問

Yes, you can. While 'tekkeh' or 'ghāsh' are more common for physical slices, 'Sahm' is used if you are talking about who gets what. For example, 'Sahm-e man az pitzā' means 'my share of the pizza'.

Sahm is singular (share/portion). Sahām is the Arabic broken plural, used primarily in financial contexts to mean 'stocks' or 'equities'. In daily life, you'd use 'Sahm-hā' for multiple portions of food.

The word is 'Sahāmdār'. It combines 'Sahām' (stocks) and 'dār' (from 'dāshtan', to have). Example: 'Man sahāmdār-e in sherkat hastam' (I am a shareholder of this company).

It can be used poetically. A lover might say 'Sahm-e man az to faghat deltangi ast' (My share of you is only longing). It implies that this is all they have received from the relationship.

It means 'rationing' or 'apportionment'. It's commonly used for gasoline, electricity, or water during shortages. It comes from 'Sahmiyeh' (quota) + 'bandi' (grouping/arranging).

In modern Persian, no. However, in Arabic and in very old classical Persian poetry, you might find it with that meaning. For a modern learner, stick to 'share/portion'.

The term is 'Sahm-e bāzār'. Example: 'Sahm-e bāzār-e Apple dar Iran' (Apple's market share in Iran).

They are shares of state-owned companies given by the Iranian government to citizens, especially lower-income groups, as a form of wealth distribution.

It is neutral. It's used in everyday speech ('Sahm-e man') as well as in formal economic reports ('Sahām-e sherkat').

Yes, 'Ghesmat' and 'Nasib' are more common for 'fate' in daily speech, but 'Sahm' can be used in a similar way in literature.

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