Overview
The Korean word '협동하다' (hyeopdonghada) is a verb that directly translates to 'to cooperate,' 'to collaborate,' or 'to work jointly towards the same end.' It is a compound verb formed from '협동' (hyeopdong), meaning 'cooperation' or 'collaboration,' and the verb suffix '-하다' (-hada), which means 'to do' or 'to make.' This suffix is commonly attached to nouns to create verbs in Korean, indicating an action related to the noun.
Understanding '협동하다' goes beyond a simple dictionary definition; it encapsulates a cultural value deeply ingrained in Korean society, where collective effort and harmony often take precedence, especially in traditional contexts. The concept is often emphasized in educational settings, workplaces, and community activities, reflecting a collectivist ethos.
Grammatically, '협동하다' can be conjugated like any other Korean verb. For instance:
- Present Tense (informal polite): 협동해요 (hyeopdonghaeyo) - (I/we/they) cooperate.
- Present Tense (formal polite): 협동합니다 (hyeopdonghamnida) - (I/we/they) cooperate.
- Past Tense: 협동했어요 (hyeopdonghaesseoyo) - (I/we/they) cooperated.
- Future Tense: 협동할 거예요 (hyeopdonghal geoyeoyo) - (I/we/they) will cooperate.
When used in a sentence, '협동하다' often takes an object or is used with particles that indicate with whom or for what purpose the cooperation is taking place. For example:
- '서로 협동해야 합니다.' (seoro hyeopdonghaeya hamnida) - 'We must cooperate with each other.' (Here, '서로' (seoro) means 'each other.')
- '우리는 성공을 위해 협동했다.' (urineun seonggongeul wihae hyeopdonghaetda) - 'We cooperated for success.' (Here, '을 위해' (eul wihae) means 'for the sake of' or 'for.')
Synonyms for '협동하다' might include '협력하다' (hyeomnyeokhada), which also means 'to cooperate' or 'to collaborate,' but '협동하다' often carries a slightly stronger nuance of working together towards a shared goal, often with a sense of collective responsibility and unity. Another related term is '같이 일하다' (gachi ilhada), meaning 'to work together,' which is a more general phrase.
In essence, '협동하다' is a fundamental verb for expressing the act of working collaboratively, reflecting an important aspect of interpersonal and societal dynamics in Korean culture.
例文
우리는 성공적인 프로젝트를 위해 서로 협동해야 합니다.
직장에서 프로젝트를 진행할 때We must cooperate with each other for a successful project.
두 회사는 새로운 기술 개발을 위해 협동하기로 했다.
비즈니스 파트너십에 대해 이야기할 때The two companies decided to cooperate in developing new technology.
아이들이 장난감을 함께 가지고 놀면서 협동하는 법을 배웠어요.
아이들의 사회성 발달에 대해 이야기할 때The children learned to cooperate by playing with toys together.
그들은 어려운 상황을 극복하기 위해 힘을 합쳐 협동했습니다.
위기 상황에서 함께 노력하는 경우They cooperated by joining forces to overcome the difficult situation.
팀원들이 서로 협동하여 멋진 결과물을 만들어냈습니다.
팀워크의 중요성을 강조할 때The team members cooperated with each other to produce great results.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく混同される語
'협동하다' and '협력하다' are very similar, both meaning 'to cooperate' or 'to collaborate'. However, '협동하다' often implies a more organized or structured joint effort, sometimes with a shared goal that benefits the group as a whole. '협력하다' can be used more broadly for any act of working together or helping each other. For example, a group of farmers might '협동하다' to share resources and work on each other's farms, while two companies might '협력하다' on a specific project.
文法パターン
How to Use It
使い方のコツ
'협동하다' is a verb that can be used in various formal and informal contexts to express the act of cooperating or working together. It implies a conscious effort to collaborate towards a common objective. Here are some common usage patterns: * Subject + 과/와 (with) + 협동하다: Used to indicate who or what one is cooperating with. E.g., '친구와 협동하다' (to cooperate with a friend). * Subject + 을/를 위해 (for) + 협동하다: Used to specify the purpose of cooperation. E.g., '성공을 위해 협동하다' (to cooperate for success). * 공동으로 (jointly) + 협동하다: Emphasizes the joint nature of the cooperation. E.g., '공동으로 협동하여 문제를 해결하다' (to jointly cooperate to solve a problem). * Noun + 협동: '협동' can also be used as a noun meaning 'cooperation' or 'collaboration'. E.g., '팀 협동이 중요하다' (team cooperation is important). The honorific form would be '협동하십니다' (hyeopdonghasimnida) when speaking to or about someone older or of higher status. The informal polite form is '협동해요' (hyeopdonghaeyo).
よくある間違い
A common mistake is confusing '협동하다' (hyeopdonghada) with '협력하다' (hyeomnyeokhada). While both mean 'to cooperate' or 'to collaborate', '협동하다' often implies working side-by-side or jointly on a task, emphasizing the act of working together. '협력하다' can be broader, sometimes referring to cooperation at a higher level, like organizational collaboration or strategic partnerships, and might not always involve direct joint work. Another mistake is mispronouncing '협동하다'. Ensure the '협' (hyeop) has a clear 'p' sound at the end, and '동' (dong) has a clear 'o' sound. The 'ㄷ' (d) in '동' (dong) is often aspirated like a 't' sound when preceded by '협' (hyeop) in natural speech, making it sound more like 'hyeop-tong-hada' to a native speaker's ear, although 'hyeop-dong-hada' is also correct. Pay attention to the subtle differences in nuance and pronunciation for clearer communication.
Tips
Learn how to conjugate 협동하다
The verb '협동하다' (to cooperate) conjugates like any other 하다 verb in Korean. Here are some common conjugations: * **Present Tense (Declarative, Informal Polite):** 협동해요 (Hyeopdonghaeyo) - I cooperate / They cooperate * **Present Tense (Declarative, Formal Polite):** 협동합니다 (Hyeopdonghamnida) - I cooperate / They cooperate * **Past Tense (Declarative, Informal Polite):** 협동했어요 (Hyeopdonghaesseoyo) - I cooperated / They cooperated * **Past Tense (Declarative, Formal Polite):** 협동했습니다 (Hyeopdonghaesseumnida) - I cooperated / They cooperated * **Future Tense (Declarative, Informal Polite):** 협동할 거예요 (Hyeopdonghal geoyeyo) - I will cooperate / They will cooperate * **Future Tense (Declarative, Formal Polite):** 협동할 것입니다 (Hyeopdonghal geosimnida) - I will cooperate / They will cooperate * **Imperative (Informal Polite):** 협동하세요 (Hyeopdonghaseyo) - Please cooperate * **Propositive (Informal Polite):** 협동합시다 (Hyeopdonghapsida) - Let's cooperate Remember that the specific ending depends on the formality and context of your sentence.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
When using '협동하다', pay attention to these common pitfalls: 1. **Incorrect Particle Usage:** While '협동하다' implies cooperation with someone, you might instinctively use a particle like ~와/과 (with). However, the more natural way to express 'cooperate with someone' is often by using a phrase like '~와 함께 협동하다' (to cooperate together with someone) or simply letting the context imply who is cooperating. For instance, '우리는 서로 협동했어요' (We cooperated with each other) is common. Using '누구에게 협동하다' (cooperate to someone) is generally incorrect. 2. **Confusing with Similar Words:** Korean has several words related to working together. While '협동하다' specifically means 'to cooperate' or 'to work jointly,' words like '돕다' (to help), '같이 일하다' (to work together), or '협력하다' (to collaborate, often on a larger scale or in a more structured way) have slightly different nuances. Ensure you choose '협동하다' when the emphasis is on shared effort towards a common goal. 3. **Overuse in Formal Contexts:** While '협동하다' is a standard verb, in very casual conversation, you might hear simpler phrases like '같이 해요' (let's do it together) or '서로 도와요' (let's help each other). Use '협동하다' when you want to convey a more direct sense of cooperation or teamwork, especially in slightly more formal or professional settings.
Example Sentences for Context
Here are some example sentences demonstrating the use of '협동하다' in various contexts: 1. **학생들은 프로젝트를 위해 서로 협동했다.** (Haksaengdeureun peurojekteureul wihae seoro hyeopdonghaetda.) * The students cooperated with each other for the project. 2. **우리는 성공적인 결과를 얻기 위해 협동해야 합니다.** (Urineun seonggongjeogin gyeolgwareul eotgi wihae hyeopdonghaeya hamnida.) * We must cooperate to achieve a successful outcome. 3. **팀원들의 협동이 없었다면 불가능했을 거예요.** (Timwon deurui hyeopdongi eopseotdamyeon bulganeunghaesseul geoyeyo.) * It would have been impossible without the cooperation of the team members. 4. **그들은 어려운 문제를 해결하기 위해 긴밀하게 협동했다.** (Geudeureun eoryeoun munjeleul haegyeolhagi wihae ginmilhage hyeopdonghaetda.) * They cooperated closely to solve the difficult problem. 5. **모든 부서가 협동하여 목표를 달성했습니다.** (Modeun buseoga hyeopdonghayeo mokpyoreul dalpseonghaetseumnida.) * All departments cooperated to achieve the goal. These examples show how '협동하다' is used to express working together towards a common objective.
語源
The Korean word '협동하다' (hyeopdonghada) is composed of two main parts: '협동' (hyeopdong) and the light verb '하다' (hada), meaning 'to do'. Let's break down '협동': '협' (hyeop) originates from the Chinese character 協 (xié), which carries meanings such as 'to cooperate', 'to harmonize', 'to assist', or 'to be united'. This character has a long history in East Asian languages, reflecting the importance of collective effort and agreement. '동' (dong) comes from the Chinese character 同 (tóng), meaning 'same', 'together', 'alike', or 'common'. This character emphasizes the shared aspect of the action or state. So, '협동' (hyeopdong) literally translates to something like 'cooperate together' or 'harmonize in common'. When combined with '하다' (hada), it forms the verb '협동하다' (hyeopdonghada), meaning 'to cooperate', 'to work jointly', or 'to collaborate'. The introduction of such compound words, often derived from Chinese characters (Hanja), became prevalent in Korean, especially during periods of increased cultural and linguistic exchange with China. Many abstract concepts and formal terms in Korean are formed this way. The specific combination of 協 and 同 to convey 'cooperation' is a classic example of how two ideograms merge to create a nuanced meaning that is greater than the sum of its parts. Historically, the concept of cooperation and collective effort has been deeply embedded in Korean society, particularly in agricultural communities where communal labor (두레, dure) was essential for survival and prosperity. While '협동하다' as a formal term might have been solidified in later periods, the underlying concept it represents has a long and continuous presence in Korean culture and language. The word has maintained its core meaning consistently throughout its usage in modern Korean, reflecting its clear and precise etymological roots.
文化的な背景
In Korean culture, '협동하다' (hyeopdonghada) is a highly valued concept, deeply rooted in historical communal living and the emphasis on collective well-being. Traditional agrarian societies, where communities relied on each other for farming, harvesting, and building, fostered a strong spirit of cooperation. This is reflected in expressions like '두레' (dure) and '품앗이' (pumasi), which refer to traditional forms of cooperative labor. Even in modern South Korea, this emphasis on cooperation and collective harmony, often termed '우리' (uri, meaning 'we' or 'us'), permeates various aspects of life, from workplaces and educational institutions to family dynamics and social gatherings. Teamwork, mutual support, and prioritizing group goals over individual desires are often seen as virtues, contributing to a sense of shared responsibility and community solidarity. Failure to cooperate can sometimes be viewed negatively, as it may disrupt social harmony.
覚え方のコツ
Visualize a '협' (hyeop) as hands '동' (dong) working together. '하다' (hada) means 'to do'. So, 'cooperating hands doing something together.'
よくある質問
4 問'협동하다' (hyeopdonghada) is a Korean verb that means 'to cooperate' or 'to work jointly towards the same end.' It implies collaboration, teamwork, and mutual effort to achieve a common goal. This word is often used in contexts where people or groups come together, combining their resources, skills, and efforts to accomplish something that might be difficult to achieve individually. It emphasizes a shared sense of purpose and collective action, fostering a spirit of unity and mutual support among participants.
Certainly! An example sentence using '협동하다' would be: '우리는 프로젝트를 성공적으로 마치기 위해 서로 협동해야 한다.' (Urineun peurojekteureul seonggongjeogeuro machigi wihae seoro hyeopdonghaeya handa.) This translates to: 'We must cooperate with each other to successfully complete the project.' This sentence clearly illustrates the idea of working together to achieve a specific outcome, which is the successful completion of a project.
Some synonyms or related terms for '협동하다' include '협력하다' (hyeomnyeokhada), which also means 'to cooperate' or 'to collaborate,' and '같이 일하다' (gachi ilhada), which literally means 'to work together.' Another related concept is '팀워크' (timwokeu), which is the Koreanized English word for 'teamwork.' These words all convey the essence of working in concert with others to achieve a common objective, highlighting different nuances of collaborative effort.
'협동하다' is commonly used in various situations where collective effort is required. For instance, in a business context, it's used to describe teams working on a project, departments collaborating, or companies forming partnerships. In educational settings, it might refer to students working on group assignments. It's also applicable in social or community contexts, such as volunteers cooperating for a cause, or neighbors helping each other. Essentially, any scenario that benefits from shared effort and mutual support would involve the concept of '협동하다'.
自分をテスト
우리는 성공하기 위해 서로 _____ (to cooperate).
그들은 한 팀으로 _____ (to cooperate) 프로젝트를 완료했다.
모두가 _____ (to cooperate) 한다면, 더 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있을 거예요.
スコア： /3
Learn how to conjugate 협동하다
The verb '협동하다' (to cooperate) conjugates like any other 하다 verb in Korean. Here are some common conjugations: * **Present Tense (Declarative, Informal Polite):** 협동해요 (Hyeopdonghaeyo) - I cooperate / They cooperate * **Present Tense (Declarative, Formal Polite):** 협동합니다 (Hyeopdonghamnida) - I cooperate / They cooperate * **Past Tense (Declarative, Informal Polite):** 협동했어요 (Hyeopdonghaesseoyo) - I cooperated / They cooperated * **Past Tense (Declarative, Formal Polite):** 협동했습니다 (Hyeopdonghaesseumnida) - I cooperated / They cooperated * **Future Tense (Declarative, Informal Polite):** 협동할 거예요 (Hyeopdonghal geoyeyo) - I will cooperate / They will cooperate * **Future Tense (Declarative, Formal Polite):** 협동할 것입니다 (Hyeopdonghal geosimnida) - I will cooperate / They will cooperate * **Imperative (Informal Polite):** 협동하세요 (Hyeopdonghaseyo) - Please cooperate * **Propositive (Informal Polite):** 협동합시다 (Hyeopdonghapsida) - Let's cooperate Remember that the specific ending depends on the formality and context of your sentence.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
When using '협동하다', pay attention to these common pitfalls: 1. **Incorrect Particle Usage:** While '협동하다' implies cooperation with someone, you might instinctively use a particle like ~와/과 (with). However, the more natural way to express 'cooperate with someone' is often by using a phrase like '~와 함께 협동하다' (to cooperate together with someone) or simply letting the context imply who is cooperating. For instance, '우리는 서로 협동했어요' (We cooperated with each other) is common. Using '누구에게 협동하다' (cooperate to someone) is generally incorrect. 2. **Confusing with Similar Words:** Korean has several words related to working together. While '협동하다' specifically means 'to cooperate' or 'to work jointly,' words like '돕다' (to help), '같이 일하다' (to work together), or '협력하다' (to collaborate, often on a larger scale or in a more structured way) have slightly different nuances. Ensure you choose '협동하다' when the emphasis is on shared effort towards a common goal. 3. **Overuse in Formal Contexts:** While '협동하다' is a standard verb, in very casual conversation, you might hear simpler phrases like '같이 해요' (let's do it together) or '서로 도와요' (let's help each other). Use '협동하다' when you want to convey a more direct sense of cooperation or teamwork, especially in slightly more formal or professional settings.
Example Sentences for Context
Here are some example sentences demonstrating the use of '협동하다' in various contexts: 1. **학생들은 프로젝트를 위해 서로 협동했다.** (Haksaengdeureun peurojekteureul wihae seoro hyeopdonghaetda.) * The students cooperated with each other for the project. 2. **우리는 성공적인 결과를 얻기 위해 협동해야 합니다.** (Urineun seonggongjeogin gyeolgwareul eotgi wihae hyeopdonghaeya hamnida.) * We must cooperate to achieve a successful outcome. 3. **팀원들의 협동이 없었다면 불가능했을 거예요.** (Timwon deurui hyeopdongi eopseotdamyeon bulganeunghaesseul geoyeyo.) * It would have been impossible without the cooperation of the team members. 4. **그들은 어려운 문제를 해결하기 위해 긴밀하게 협동했다.** (Geudeureun eoryeoun munjeleul haegyeolhagi wihae ginmilhage hyeopdonghaetda.) * They cooperated closely to solve the difficult problem. 5. **모든 부서가 협동하여 목표를 달성했습니다.** (Modeun buseoga hyeopdonghayeo mokpyoreul dalpseonghaetseumnida.) * All departments cooperated to achieve the goal. These examples show how '협동하다' is used to express working together towards a common objective.
例文
5 / 5우리는 성공적인 프로젝트를 위해 서로 협동해야 합니다.
We must cooperate with each other for a successful project.
두 회사는 새로운 기술 개발을 위해 협동하기로 했다.
The two companies decided to cooperate in developing new technology.
아이들이 장난감을 함께 가지고 놀면서 협동하는 법을 배웠어요.
The children learned to cooperate by playing with toys together.
그들은 어려운 상황을 극복하기 위해 힘을 합쳐 협동했습니다.
They cooperated by joining forces to overcome the difficult situation.
팀원들이 서로 협동하여 멋진 결과물을 만들어냈습니다.
The team members cooperated with each other to produce great results.
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この単語を他の言語で
academicの関連語
입체적
B2Having a three-dimensional effect or examining something from multiple perspectives rather than a single flat view. It implies a comprehensive and detailed analysis.
~에 관해
B1About, concerning.
~에 대하여
A2Concerning or regarding a particular subject; about.
~대해
A2About; concerning; regarding.
~에 관하여
A2Regarding, concerning, about (a topic).
~에 대해(서)
A1Indicates the topic or subject of discussion, meaning 'about' or 'regarding'.
무엇보다
A2More than anything else; above all.
결석생
A2A student who is absent from class.
추상화하다
B2To consider something theoretically or separately from its physical reality. It involves extracting general principles from specific examples.
추상
A2Abstraction; the quality of dealing with ideas rather than events.
