Chapter in 30 Seconds
Master the art of professional persuasion and logical flow in Chinese.
- Construct logical arguments using established facts.
- Concede minor points gracefully to strengthen your main argument.
- Explain complex cause-and-effect relationships with formal precision.
学べること
Ready to elevate your Chinese and argue your points like a pro? This chapter is your toolkit for building robust, logical arguments that not only convey your message but persuade and impress. No more simply stating facts – you'll learn to connect them with precision and nuance, sounding undeniably more native. We start by mastering '既然...就...' (jìrán...jiù...), which allows you to establish a known fact and then logically follow with a decisive action or powerful suggestion. Think of it as confidently stating,
Since this is the case, then we should do that.Next, you'll unlock the power of '可见' (kějiàn), letting you draw undeniable conclusions from evidence, just like a seasoned detective connects clues. You'll be able to present a situation and confidently state, "This happened, therefore it's clear that..." Then, dive into '固然...但是...' (gùrán...dànshì). This elegant structure is perfect for B2 learners, enabling you to gracefully concede a minor point before presenting your stronger, contrasting argument—a game-changer for professional discussions or subtle diplomacy. '从而' (cóng'ér) will teach you to formally link an action to its direct, logical consequence within the same context, ideal for explaining cause and effect in formal settings. Finally, with '之所以...是因为...' (zhī suǒyǐ...shì yīnwèi...), you'll learn to explain the 'why' behind events by stating the result first, then delving into its underlying cause, crucial for deep analysis whether you're discussing current events or complex concepts. By the end, you'll confidently present opinions with compelling evidence, acknowledge counter-points with grace, and explain intricate cause-and-effect relationships. Ready to arm your linguistic arsenal? Let's go!
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「なぜ」を説明する (之所以...是因为...)「結果」を先にガツンと言ってから、その裏にある「理由」を «之所以...是因为...» で丁寧に説明しましょう。
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論理的な推論：「〜したからには...」（既然...就...）既知の事実を表す «既然» と、それに基づいた決断や提案の «就» をセットで使いこなしましょう。
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事実を認める「固然...但是...」（確かに…だが…）「固然...但是...」は、相手を尊重しつつ自分の主張を通す「大人の譲歩」の表現です。«固然» で事実を認め、«但是» で本音を伝えましょう。
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可见 (kějiàn - 〜であることは明らかだ) で結論を導く名探偵のように、動かぬ証拠から「«可见»」を使って「明らかに〜だ」という結論を導き出しましょう。
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从而 (cóng'ér) による形式的な結果：行動と結果の連結ある「手段・行動」から論理的な「結果」を導き出すときに使う言葉です。書き言葉でよく使われ、前半と後半の主語が同じ場合に «从而» が活躍します。
Learning Objectives
By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
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1
By the end you will be able to: Use '既然...就...' to suggest actions based on existing premises.
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2
By the end you will be able to: Use '可见' to articulate evidence-based conclusions in discussions.
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3
By the end you will be able to: Employ the '固然...但是...' structure to handle counter-arguments during a debate.
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4
By the end you will be able to: Connect actions to results using '从而' in formal reports or presentations.
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5
By the end you will be able to: Reverse standard logic using '之所以...是因为...' to emphasize causes.
チャプターガイド
Overview
How This Grammar Works
Since X is the case, then Y should follow.It's used to establish a known fact or premise (introduced by 既然) and then logically deduce an action or consequence (introduced by 就). For example: 既然你已经决定了，就去做吧。 (Jìrán nǐ yǐjīng juédìng le, jiù qù zuò ba.
or one can see that." This structure allows you to draw a logical conclusion or make an inference based on previously stated evidence or observations. It often appears after a statement of fact. For instance: 他最近经常加班，可见公司项目很紧张。 (Tā zuìjìn jīngcháng jiābān, kějiàn gōngsī xiàngmù hěn jǐnzhāng.Admittedly X is true, but Y is also true/more important.It allows you to concede a minor point (固然) before introducing your stronger, contrasting argument (但是), making your statements more balanced and persuasive. Example: 这个方案固然有风险，但是收益也很大。 (Zhège fāng'àn gùrán yǒu fēngxiǎn, dànshì shōuyì yě hěn dà.
thereby, consequently, or as a result. It links an action or event to its direct, often formal or objective, consequence. It's common in written Chinese or formal speech. For example: 公司增加了投资，从而提高了生产效率。 (Gōngsī zēngjiā le tóuzī, cóng'ér tígāo le shēngchǎn xiàolǜ.
Common Mistakes
- 1✗ Wrong: 既然很晚了，就我回家吧。 (Jìrán hěn wǎn le, jiù wǒ huíjiā ba. - Since it's late, then I go home.)
then clause in 既然...就... should usually precede 就. The action following 就 is a logical consequence or suggestion for the subject.- 1✗ Wrong: 他病了，从而不能来。 (Tā bìng le, cóng'ér bù néng lái. - He's sick, thereby can't come.)
因此 (yīncǐ - therefore) or 所以 (suǒyǐ - so) are more natural and appropriate. 从而 is more likeleading to
or resulting in."- 1✗ Wrong: 之所以他喜欢学习，是因为他成绩很好。 (Zhī suǒyǐ tā xǐhuān xuéxí, shì yīnwèi tā chéngjì hěn hǎo. - The reason why he likes to study is because his grades are very good.)
Subject + 之所以 + result/action, 是因为 + reason.
Real Conversations
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Quick FAQ
How do 既然...就... and 因为...所以... differ in B2 Chinese grammar?
既然...就... implies that the first clause (既然) is an *accepted fact or premise* from which a logical conclusion or suggestion (就) follows. 因为...所以... simply states a cause (因为) and its direct effect (所以).
Can 固然 be used without 但是 or a similar contrasting conjunction?
While less common, 固然 can sometimes stand alone to acknowledge a point, similar to indeed or true, but it almost always implies an unstated contrast or a but that is understood. For clear argumentation, pairing it with 但是, 可是, or 却 is best.
What are some common situations to use 从而 in formal Chinese writing?
从而 is often used in reports, academic papers, news articles, or official statements to link a specific action, policy, or event to its direct, often intended, outcome or consequence, like
increased investment, thereby boosting production.
How does 之所以...是因为... help in advanced Chinese argumentation?
This structure allows you to present a phenomenon or result first and then delve into its deeper, often complex, underlying causes. It's excellent for analytical discussions, helping you explain *why* things are the way they are, rather than just stating *what* happened.
Cultural Context
重要な例文 (2)
ヒントとコツ (4)
強調のシフト
「事実」の共有がポイント
主語の配置がポイント
視覚には使えません
重要な語彙 (7)
Real-World Preview
The Strategic Meeting
Review Summary
- 既然 + Fact, (就) + Suggestion/Result
- Fact/Evidence, 可见 + Conclusion
- Point A 固然..., 但是 Point B...
- Action, 从而 + Result
- Subject + 之所以 + Result, 是因为 + Cause
よくある間違い
Do not use '因为' and '之所以' together in the first clause. '之所以' already implies the 'reason why'.
'从而' is a conjunction that usually connects two actions of the same subject. You don't need to repeat the subject after '从而'.
'既然' (since) pairs with '就' (then), not '所以' (so). '所以' is for '因为'.
このチャプターのルール (5)
Next Steps
You've just leveled up your intellectual toolkit in Chinese. Being able to express 'why' and 'how' with such nuance is a major milestone. Keep practicing these structures!
Write a complaint letter about a product.
Record a 1-minute audio arguing for a hobby you love.
クイック練習 (10)
我可见我的朋友在马路对面。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 可见 (kějiàn - 〜であることは明らかだ) で結論を導く
Find and fix the mistake:
之所以他没来是因为下雨了。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「なぜ」を説明する (之所以...是因为...)
她___不去，是因为生病了。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「なぜ」を説明する (之所以...是因为...)
Find and fix the mistake:
{虽然|suīrán}{固然|gùrán}{外卖|wàimài}{很|hěn}{快|kuài}，{但是|dànshì}{不|bù}{健康|jiànkāng}。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 事実を認める「固然...但是...」（確かに…だが…）
正しい推論の文はどれ？
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 論理的な推論：「〜したからには...」（既然...就...）
___你不想去，我们___别去了。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 論理的な推論：「〜したからには...」（既然...就...）
{赚钱|zhuànqián}_____{重要|zhòngyào}，{但是|dànshì}{快乐|kuàilè}{更|gèng}{重要|zhòngyào}。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 事実を認める「固然...但是...」（確かに…だが…）
地上都是雪，___ 昨晚很冷。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 可见 (kějiàn - 〜であることは明らかだ) で結論を導く
証拠と結論の正しい順番を選んでください：
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 可见 (kějiàn - 〜であることは明らかだ) で結論を導く
你既然知道了，所以快告诉我吧。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 論理的な推論：「〜したからには...」（既然...就...）
Score: /10
