B2 · 中上級 チャプター 9

Making Comparisons and Simple Connections

5 トータルルール
52 例文
5

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Elevate your Chinese by mastering precise comparisons and fluid narrative connections.

  • Express immediate sequences and logical consequences.
  • Articulate nuanced comparisons between people and objects.
  • Add persuasive depth to your arguments with natural fillers.
Connect, compare, and communicate with newfound precision.

学べること

Ready for a major upgrade in your Chinese? If you're looking to move beyond simply getting your point across and start expressing yourself with precision and nuance, sounding more authentically native, then this chapter is designed for you! You'll dive deep into sophisticated comparisons. Master A 有 B Adj to express equality, like

This book is as good as that one.
When something's not quite up to par or you want to suggest an alternative, «不如 (bùrú)» empowers you to voice true feelings and preferences. Next, we transition into connecting events. No more bland and then! «一...就... (yī... jiù...)» links actions where the second happens instantly after the first – e.g.,
As soon as I saw him, he laughed.
For intricate narratives, where one event naturally follows another, «于是 (yúshì)» means and thereupon or consequently. It's the magical glue that makes your stories flow effortlessly. Finally, to give your arguments real weight, master «再说 (zàishuō).» This versatile phrase is perfect for adding a killer final reason or for politely postponing a decision. By the end, you'll confidently compare, narrate engaging stories, and articulate reasons with conviction. You won't just be speaking Chinese; you'll be using it like a seasoned speaker. Ready for this significant leap?

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use '一...就...' to describe instant reactions in a story.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Compare items using '不如' and '有' structures.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Ready for a major upgrade in your Chinese? If you're looking to move beyond simply getting your point across and start expressing yourself with precision and nuance, sounding more authentically native, then this chapter is designed for you! This B2 Chinese grammar guide will unlock sophisticated ways to compare, connect ideas, and articulate reasons, pushing your fluency to new heights.
Mastering these structures is crucial for any learner aiming for advanced proficiency. You'll move beyond basic sentence construction and learn to weave complex thoughts together seamlessly, making your conversations and writing much more engaging and natural. This context-rich approach to Chinese grammar will significantly enhance your ability to understand and participate in nuanced discussions.
By the end of this chapter, you'll confidently compare, narrate engaging stories, and articulate reasons with conviction. You won't just be speaking Chinese; you'll be using it like a seasoned speaker, demonstrating a deeper understanding of the language's subtleties. Get ready for a significant leap in your Chinese language learning journey!

How This Grammar Works

This chapter introduces five powerful Chinese grammar patterns that elevate your communication. First, for equative comparisons, we have A 有 B Adj (A is as [Adj] as B). This structure is perfect for stating equality, often implying a positive or neutral comparison, as in «他的中文有你那么好» (His Chinese is as good as yours).
When something doesn't quite measure up or you want to suggest an alternative, 不如 (bùrú) is your go-to. It means 'not as good as' or 'would rather', allowing you to voice preferences, like «这个方案不如那个好» (This plan isn't as good as that one) or «我们不如明天再去吧» (How about we go tomorrow instead?).
Next, we dive into connecting events. To link actions where the second happens instantly after the first, use **一...就... (yī...
jiù...)**. This translates to 'as soon as... then...' and conveys immediacy, for example, «我一回家就洗澡» (As soon as I get home, I take a shower).
For intricate narratives where one event naturally follows another as a consequence, 于是 (yúshì) means 'and thereupon' or 'consequently'. It's the magical glue that makes your stories flow effortlessly, like «他病了,于是取消了会议» (He was sick, and thereupon cancelled the meeting). Finally, to give your arguments real weight or politely postpone a decision, master 再说 (zàishuō).
This versatile phrase is perfect for adding a killer final reason or suggesting 'let's talk about it later', such as «我不喜欢这个颜色,再说,它也太贵了» (I don't like this color, besides, it's too expensive) or «先吃饭吧,工作的事再说» (Let's eat first, we can talk about work later).

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Wrong: «她有我漂亮。» (She is as pretty as me.)
Correct: «她有我那么漂亮。» (She is as pretty as me.)
*Explanation:* When using A 有 B Adj for equative comparison, you almost always need 那么 (nàme) or 这么 (zhème) before the adjective to specify the degree of comparison. Omitting it sounds incomplete or grammatically awkward.
  1. 1Wrong: «我先去商店,于是回家了。» (First I went to the store, and thereupon went home.)
Correct: «我先去商店,然后回家了。» (First I went to the store, then I went home.)
*Explanation:* 于是 (yúshì) implies a logical consequence or a cause-and-effect relationship, not just a simple chronological sequence. For a straightforward 'then' in a narrative, 然后 (ránhòu) is the correct choice.

Real Conversations

A

A

这家餐厅的菜味道怎么样? (How's the food at this restaurant?)
B

B

嗯,我觉得它不如上次我们去的那家好吃。 (Hmm, I think it's not as good as the one we went to last time.)
A

A

你觉得学中文难吗? (Do you think learning Chinese is hard?)
B

B

我觉得它有学法语那么难,甚至更难一些。 (I think it's as hard as learning French, maybe even a bit harder.)
A

A

你什么时候给我打电话? (When will you call me?)
B

B

我一到家就给你打电话。 (As soon as I get home, I'll call you.)

Quick FAQ

Q

When should I use 不如 (bùrú) instead of 没有 (méiyǒu) for negative comparisons in Chinese grammar?

不如 (bùrú) implies 'not as good as' or 'inferior to', often with a subjective judgment or a suggestion for an alternative. 没有 (méiyǒu) simply states a lack of equality, meaning 'not as... as', and can be used for objective comparisons or to state that something doesn't reach a certain standard.

Q

Can 一...就... (yī... jiù...) be used for future events?

Yes, it's very common! It implies immediacy in the future, meaning 'as soon as [condition is met], then [action will happen]'. For example, «我一有钱就买房。» (As soon as I have money, I'll buy a house.)

Q

What's the difference between 于是 (yúshì) and 所以 (suǒyǐ)?

Both relate to consequences, but 于是 (yúshì) emphasizes sequential events where the second is a direct result or follow-up of the first, often in narrative. 所以 (suǒyǐ) is a more general 'therefore' or 'so', emphasizing a logical conclusion or reason. 于是 is more about *how* things happened, 所以 is more about *why* something is the case.

Q

Is 再说 (zàishuō) always about postponing, or can it add reasons?

It can do both! It means 'let's talk about it later' when used alone or at the end of a thought. When used to introduce a new clause, it means 'besides', 'furthermore', or 'what's more', adding an additional reason or point to an argument.

Cultural Context

These patterns are essential for sounding natural and nuanced in Chinese. 不如 (bùrú) is frequently used to politely express dissatisfaction or suggest a better alternative without being overly direct. **一...就...
(yī... jiù...) is ubiquitous in daily conversation, making your speech flow with a sense of urgency or immediate connection. 于是 (yúshì)**, while more formal, is key for coherent storytelling in both spoken and written contexts.
再说 (zàishuō) is a highly versatile tool for soft refusals, postponing decisions, or strengthening arguments, reflecting a common Chinese communication style that values indirectness and thorough consideration.

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

主語を省略してスッキリ

文脈で誰の動作か明らかな場合、ネイティブは最初の主語をよく省略します。«一下雨就不想出门» (雨が降ると[私は]出かけたくなくなる)。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ~するとすぐに (一...就...)
⚠️

未来の予定にはNG

「于是」は未来の計画には使えません。明日のことを話すなら «所以» や «那么» を使いましょう。 «如果明天下雨,我就不去。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 物語の接続詞 于是 (yúshì)
🎯

「先...再说」でネイティブ度アップ!

「まず〜してから(後のことは考えよう)」というパターンは日常会話で頻出です。とりあえず目の前のことに集中する時に使ってみましょう。 «我先洗个澡再说。»(まずはシャワーを浴びてからにしよう。)
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「再说」(zàishuō) を使って理由を追加する
💬

角を立てない「大人の不満」

中国語で「Aは最悪だ」と直接言うときつすぎることがあります。そんな時 «A 不如 B» と言えば、比較を通じて柔らかく不満を伝えられますよ。 «这儿不如以前好。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 中国語の比較表現:「〜に及ばない」を表す 不如 (bùrú) の使い方

重要な語彙 (5)

不如 (bùrú) not as good as 于是 (yúshì) consequently 再说 (zàishuō) furthermore/also 程度 (chéngdù) degree/level 建议 (jiànyì) suggestion

Real-World Preview

shopping-bag

Shopping for a Gift

Review Summary

  • 一 + Subject + Verb, Subject + 就 + Verb
  • Event A, 于是 + Result
  • Statement 1, 再说 + Statement 2
  • A 不如 B (Adj)
  • A 有 B + (那么) + Adj

よくある間違い

You cannot mix '一...就...' with '于是'. '一...就...' is for immediate timing, while '于是' is for logical sequence.

Wrong: 我一到家于是学习 (I arrived home and consequently studied).
正解: 我一到家就学习 (As soon as I arrived home, I studied).

Questions about equality use '有' rather than '不如'.

Wrong: 这个不如那个好吗?(Is this not as good as that?)
正解: 这个有那个好吗?(Is this as good as that?)

Always treat '再说' as a sentence-initial connector followed by a comma.

Wrong: 再说我累了。(Furthermore I am tired.)
正解: 再说,我累了。(Furthermore, I am tired.)

このチャプターのルール (5)

Next Steps

You've made a huge leap today! Keep practicing these structures in your daily conversations, and you'll soon find yourself thinking in Chinese effortlessly.

Journaling about your day using all 5 structures

クイック練習 (10)

二重否定の間違いを修正してください。

这部电影不如那部不好看。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 这部电影不如那部好看。
不如は既に否定の意味を含んでいるので、後ろの「不好看」から「不」を取って「好看」にする必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 中国語の比較表現:「〜に及ばない」を表す 不如 (bùrú) の使い方

間違いを見つけて直してください。

我一下班,我回家。 (仕事が終わったらすぐに帰ります。)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我一下班,就回家。
2つ目の動作(帰宅)の前に「就」が必要です。主語が同じなので、後半の「我」は省略できます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ~するとすぐに (一...就...)

最も自然で正しい文を選んでください。

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 他觉得很不舒服,于是请假回家了。
「于是」は過去の出来事に使います。2番目は未来、3番目は「因为」との重複が不自然です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 物語の接続詞 于是 (yúshì)

決定を保留にする最も自然な表現はどれですか?

友達に休みの予定を聞かれましたが、忙しくてまだ考えられません。何と言いますか?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我们以后再说吧。 (Wǒmen yǐhòu zàishuō ba.)
「また今度にしよう(保留)」と言う時は、必ず「再说吧」を使います。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 「再说」(zàishuō) を使って理由を追加する

文法的に正しい文を選んでください。

「このスマホはあのスマホほど速くない」を正しく言うと:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 这个手机不如那个手机快。
不如の後には肯定的な形容詞(快)を置くのがルールです。二重否定や「很」などの副詞は避けます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 中国語の比較表現:「〜に及ばない」を表す 不如 (bùrú) の使い方

間違いを見つけて修正してください。

{电影|diànyǐng}{很|hěn}{感人|gǎnrén},{于是|yúshì}{明天|míngtiān}{大家|dājiā}{会|huì}{哭|kū}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {电影|diànyǐng}{很|hěn}{感人|gǎnrén},{于是|yúshì}{大家都|dàjiā dōu}{哭|kū}{了|le}。
「于是」は未来の予測には使えません。過去の事実として「みんな泣いた」とするのが正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 物語の接続詞 于是 (yúshì)

正しいトリガーワードを空欄に入れてください。

我 ___ 到家就给你发微信。 (家に着いたらすぐにWeChatするね。)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer:
構造は「一 + 動作1 + 就 + 動作2」です。最初の動作(家に着く)の前には「一」を置きます。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ~するとすぐに (一...就...)

文法的に正しい文はどれですか?

「就」の正しい位置を選んでください:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 老师一来,我们就安静。
「就」は2つ目の動詞の直前、かつ2つ目の主語(我们)の後ろに置く必要があります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ~するとすぐに (一...就...)

空欄を埋めてください。

{我|wǒ}{发现|fāxiàn}{没|méi}{带|dài}{钥匙|yàoshi},____ {给|gěi}{室友|shìyǒu}{打|dǎ}{了|le}{电话|diànhuà}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 于是
鍵がないことに気づき、その結果として電話をかけたという物語的な流れなので「于是」が正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 物語の接続詞 于是 (yúshì)

空欄に適切な比較の言葉を入れてください。

这家奶茶太甜了,_____ 喝水。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 不如
「水を飲んだ方がマシだ」という主観的な代替案を提案しているので、 «不如 (bùrú)» が最適です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 中国語の比較表現:「〜に及ばない」を表す 不如 (bùrú) の使い方

Score: /10

よくある質問 (6)

はい!文末に「了」をつけるだけで過去の出来事になります。«他一回家就睡觉了» (彼は家に帰るとすぐに寝た)。
はい、声調変化のルールが適用されます。4声の前では2声に、それ以外では4声になります。«一 (yí) 看»
はい、可能です!前の文で状況が説明されていれば、新しい文を「于是」で始めて物語を続けるのはとても自然です。例えば «于是他决定离开。» のように使われます。
いいえ、基本的には使えません。未来の結果には «所以» や «那么» を使いましょう。 «于是» は «于是我买了两双。» のように、すでに起きたことに使います。
1つは「さらに、その上」と理由を付け加える意味、もう1つは「また後で決める、保留にする」という意味です。 «再说» は文脈で使い分けます。
最初の理由を言った後、「再说」を置いて2番目の理由を続けます。 «我不想出门,天气不好,再说我也很累。»(出かけたくない。天気が悪いし、それに疲れてるし。)