B2 · Intermediário superior Capítulo 9

Making Comparisons and Simple Connections

5 Regras totais
52 exemplos
5 min
Regras neste capítulo Prática rápida

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Elevate your Chinese by mastering precise comparisons and fluid narrative connections.

  • Express immediate sequences and logical consequences.
  • Articulate nuanced comparisons between people and objects.
  • Add persuasive depth to your arguments with natural fillers.
Connect, compare, and communicate with newfound precision.

O que você vai aprender

Ready for a major upgrade in your Chinese? If you're looking to move beyond simply getting your point across and start expressing yourself with precision and nuance, sounding more authentically native, then this chapter is designed for you! You'll dive deep into sophisticated comparisons. Master A 有 B Adj to express equality, like

This book is as good as that one.
When something's not quite up to par or you want to suggest an alternative, «不如 (bùrú)» empowers you to voice true feelings and preferences. Next, we transition into connecting events. No more bland and then! «一...就... (yī... jiù...)» links actions where the second happens instantly after the first – e.g.,
As soon as I saw him, he laughed.
For intricate narratives, where one event naturally follows another, «于是 (yúshì)» means and thereupon or consequently. It's the magical glue that makes your stories flow effortlessly. Finally, to give your arguments real weight, master «再说 (zàishuō).» This versatile phrase is perfect for adding a killer final reason or for politely postponing a decision. By the end, you'll confidently compare, narrate engaging stories, and articulate reasons with conviction. You won't just be speaking Chinese; you'll be using it like a seasoned speaker. Ready for this significant leap?

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use '一...就...' to describe instant reactions in a story.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Compare items using '不如' and '有' structures.

Guia do capítulo

Overview

Ready for a major upgrade in your Chinese? If you're looking to move beyond simply getting your point across and start expressing yourself with precision and nuance, sounding more authentically native, then this chapter is designed for you! This B2 Chinese grammar guide will unlock sophisticated ways to compare, connect ideas, and articulate reasons, pushing your fluency to new heights.
Mastering these structures is crucial for any learner aiming for advanced proficiency. You'll move beyond basic sentence construction and learn to weave complex thoughts together seamlessly, making your conversations and writing much more engaging and natural. This context-rich approach to Chinese grammar will significantly enhance your ability to understand and participate in nuanced discussions.
By the end of this chapter, you'll confidently compare, narrate engaging stories, and articulate reasons with conviction. You won't just be speaking Chinese; you'll be using it like a seasoned speaker, demonstrating a deeper understanding of the language's subtleties. Get ready for a significant leap in your Chinese language learning journey!

How This Grammar Works

This chapter introduces five powerful Chinese grammar patterns that elevate your communication. First, for equative comparisons, we have A 有 B Adj (A is as [Adj] as B). This structure is perfect for stating equality, often implying a positive or neutral comparison, as in «他的中文有你那么好» (His Chinese is as good as yours).
When something doesn't quite measure up or you want to suggest an alternative, 不如 (bùrú) is your go-to. It means 'not as good as' or 'would rather', allowing you to voice preferences, like «这个方案不如那个好» (This plan isn't as good as that one) or «我们不如明天再去吧» (How about we go tomorrow instead?).
Next, we dive into connecting events. To link actions where the second happens instantly after the first, use **一...就... (yī...
jiù...)**. This translates to 'as soon as... then...' and conveys immediacy, for example, «我一回家就洗澡» (As soon as I get home, I take a shower).
For intricate narratives where one event naturally follows another as a consequence, 于是 (yúshì) means 'and thereupon' or 'consequently'. It's the magical glue that makes your stories flow effortlessly, like «他病了，于是取消了会议» (He was sick, and thereupon cancelled the meeting). Finally, to give your arguments real weight or politely postpone a decision, master 再说 (zàishuō).
This versatile phrase is perfect for adding a killer final reason or suggesting 'let's talk about it later', such as «我不喜欢这个颜色，再说，它也太贵了» (I don't like this color, besides, it's too expensive) or «先吃饭吧，工作的事再说» (Let's eat first, we can talk about work later).

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: «她有我漂亮。» (She is as pretty as me.)
✓ Correct: «她有我那么漂亮。» (She is as pretty as me.)
*Explanation:* When using A 有 B Adj for equative comparison, you almost always need 那么 (nàme) or 这么 (zhème) before the adjective to specify the degree of comparison. Omitting it sounds incomplete or grammatically awkward.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: «我先去商店，于是回家了。» (First I went to the store, and thereupon went home.)
✓ Correct: «我先去商店，然后回家了。» (First I went to the store, then I went home.)
*Explanation:* 于是 (yúshì) implies a logical consequence or a cause-and-effect relationship, not just a simple chronological sequence. For a straightforward 'then' in a narrative, 然后 (ránhòu) is the correct choice.

Real Conversations

A

A

这家餐厅的菜味道怎么样？ (How's the food at this restaurant?)
B

B

嗯，我觉得它不如上次我们去的那家好吃。 (Hmm, I think it's not as good as the one we went to last time.)
A

A

你觉得学中文难吗？ (Do you think learning Chinese is hard?)
B

B

我觉得它有学法语那么难，甚至更难一些。 (I think it's as hard as learning French, maybe even a bit harder.)
A

A

你什么时候给我打电话？ (When will you call me?)
B

B

我一到家就给你打电话。 (As soon as I get home, I'll call you.)

Quick FAQ

Q

When should I use 不如 (bùrú) instead of 没有 (méiyǒu) for negative comparisons in Chinese grammar?

不如 (bùrú) implies 'not as good as' or 'inferior to', often with a subjective judgment or a suggestion for an alternative. 没有 (méiyǒu) simply states a lack of equality, meaning 'not as... as', and can be used for objective comparisons or to state that something doesn't reach a certain standard.

Q

Can 一...就... (yī... jiù...) be used for future events?

Yes, it's very common! It implies immediacy in the future, meaning 'as soon as [condition is met], then [action will happen]'. For example, «我一有钱就买房。» (As soon as I have money, I'll buy a house.)

Q

What's the difference between 于是 (yúshì) and 所以 (suǒyǐ)?

Both relate to consequences, but 于是 (yúshì) emphasizes sequential events where the second is a direct result or follow-up of the first, often in narrative. 所以 (suǒyǐ) is a more general 'therefore' or 'so', emphasizing a logical conclusion or reason. 于是 is more about *how* things happened, 所以 is more about *why* something is the case.

Q

Is 再说 (zàishuō) always about postponing, or can it add reasons?

It can do both! It means 'let's talk about it later' when used alone or at the end of a thought. When used to introduce a new clause, it means 'besides', 'furthermore', or 'what's more', adding an additional reason or point to an argument.

Cultural Context

These patterns are essential for sounding natural and nuanced in Chinese. 不如 (bùrú) is frequently used to politely express dissatisfaction or suggest a better alternative without being overly direct. **一...就...
(yī... jiù...) is ubiquitous in daily conversation, making your speech flow with a sense of urgency or immediate connection. 于是 (yúshì)**, while more formal, is key for coherent storytelling in both spoken and written contexts.
再说 (zàishuō) is a highly versatile tool for soft refusals, postponing decisions, or strengthening arguments, reflecting a common Chinese communication style that values indirectness and thorough consideration.

Exemplos-chave (2)

1

这台电脑不如那台。

Este computador não é tão bom quanto aquele.

Comparações em Chinês: Usando 不如 (bùrú) para 'Não tão bom quanto'
2

与其发短信，不如打视频。

Em vez de mandar mensagem, é melhor fazer uma videochamada.

Comparações em Chinês: Usando 不如 (bùrú) para 'Não tão bom quanto'

Dicas e truques (4)

💡

Omitindo o primeiro sujeito

Se o contexto da conversa estiver bem claro, você pode pular o primeiro sujeito para soar mais natural: «一下雨就不想出门».
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Assim que... (一...就...)
⚠️

A Armadilha do Futuro

Não use 于是 para planos futuros ou hipóteses. Nesses casos, prefira 所以 ou 那么. Como em: «如果明天下雨，我就不去。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Conectando ações com 于是 (yúshì)
🎯

Use '先...再说' para soar fluente

A estrutura '先 + (ação 1), 再说' é super comum. Significa que você vai focar no agora e decidir o resto depois. Exemplo: «我先洗个澡再说。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Adicionando Razões com '再说' (zàishuō)
💬

A arte de não ofender

Na cultura chinesa, ser direto demais pode soar rude. Dizer que algo 'não é tão bom quanto' o outro suaviza a crítica. É o jeito educado de reclamar! «这家店不如那家店。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Comparações em Chinês: Usando 不如 (bùrú) para 'Não tão bom quanto'

Vocabulário-chave (5)

不如 (bùrú) not as good as 于是 (yúshì) consequently 再说 (zàishuō) furthermore/also 程度 (chéngdù) degree/level 建议 (jiànyì) suggestion

Real-World Preview

shopping-bag

Shopping for a Gift

Review Summary

  • 一 + Subject + Verb, Subject + 就 + Verb
  • Event A, 于是 + Result
  • Statement 1, 再说 + Statement 2
  • A 不如 B (Adj)
  • A 有 B + (那么) + Adj

Erros comuns

You cannot mix '一...就...' with '于是'. '一...就...' is for immediate timing, while '于是' is for logical sequence.

Wrong: 我一到家于是学习 (I arrived home and consequently studied).
Correto: 我一到家就学习 (As soon as I arrived home, I studied).

Questions about equality use '有' rather than '不如'.

Wrong: 这个不如那个好吗？(Is this not as good as that?)
Correto: 这个有那个好吗？(Is this as good as that?)

Always treat '再说' as a sentence-initial connector followed by a comma.

Wrong: 再说我累了。(Furthermore I am tired.)
Correto: 再说，我累了。(Furthermore, I am tired.)

Next Steps

You've made a huge leap today! Keep practicing these structures in your daily conversations, and you'll soon find yourself thinking in Chinese effortlessly.

Journaling about your day using all 5 structures

Continue to: Building Logical Arguments

Prática rápida (9)

Encontre e corrija o erro de dupla negativa.

这部电影不如那部不好看。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 这部电影不如那部好看。
A palavra 不如 já contém o sentido negativo 'não tão'. Você deve segui-la com o adjetivo positivo (好看).

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Comparações em Chinês: Usando 不如 (bùrú) para 'Não tão bom quanto'

Qual frase diz corretamente 'Eu não estou tão ocupado quanto você'?

Selecione a comparação negativa correta:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我没有你那么忙。 ({Wǒ méiyǒu nǐ nàme máng.})
A negativa de {有|yǒu} em comparações é sempre {没有|méiyǒu}. {不有|bù yǒu} não existe.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Comparação Equitativa: A é tão [Adj] quanto B? (A 有 B Adj)

Preencha a lacuna.

{我|wǒ}{发现|fāxiàn}{没|méi}{带|dài}{钥匙|yàoshi}，____ {给|gěi}{室友|shìyǒu}{打|dǎ}{了|le}{电话|diànhuà}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 于是
于是 é usado para mostrar uma consequência narrativa da primeira ação.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Conectando ações com 于是 (yúshì)

Corrija o erro gramatical.

今天不有昨天冷。 ({Jīntiān bù yǒu zuótiān lěng.})

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 今天没有昨天冷。 ({Jīntiān méiyǒu zuótiān lěng.})
Devemos usar {没有|méiyǒu} para negar a estrutura de comparação com {有|yǒu}.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Comparação Equitativa: A é tão [Adj] quanto B? (A 有 B Adj)

Encontre e corrija o erro.

Find and fix the mistake:

{电影|diànyǐng}{很|hěn}{感人|gǎnrén}，{于是|yúshì}{明天|míngtiān}{大家|dàjiā}{会|huì}{哭|kū}。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {电影|diànyǐng}{很|hěn}{感人|gǎnrén}，{于是|yúshì}{大家都|dàjiā dōu}{哭|kū}{了|le}。
于是 é para eventos passados. 'Amanhã' indica futuro, por isso não podemos usar 于是 aqui.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Conectando ações com 于是 (yúshì)

Preencha a lacuna com a palavra de comparação correta.

这家奶茶太甜了，_____ 喝水。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 不如
Como você está expressando uma opinião subjetiva ('melhor beber água'), usamos 不如 (bùrú) para sugerir a alternativa superior.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Comparações em Chinês: Usando 不如 (bùrú) para 'Não tão bom quanto'

Qual frase está gramaticalmente correta e natural?

Escolha a frase correta:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 他觉得很不舒服，于是请假回家了。
Sentir-se mal (causa) -> Pedir folga (consequência narrativa). 于是 não combina com 'amanhã' no sentido de plano futuro.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Conectando ações com 于是 (yúshì)

Complete a comparação perguntando se o metrô é tão rápido quanto o táxi.

地铁 ___ 出租车那么快吗？ ({Dìtiě ___ chūzūchē nàme kuài ma?})

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 有 (yǒu)
Ao perguntar se A atinge o nível de B, usamos {有|yǒu}.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Comparação Equitativa: A é tão [Adj] quanto B? (A 有 B Adj)

Qual frase está gramaticalmente correta?

Escolha a forma correta de dizer 'Este celular não é tão rápido quanto aquele':

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 这个手机不如那个手机快。
Você deve usar o adjetivo positivo (快) após o 不如. Nunca use duplas negativas ou advérbios de intensidade aqui.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Comparações em Chinês: Usando 不如 (bùrú) para 'Não tão bom quanto'

Score: /9

Perguntas comuns (6)

Com certeza! Basta colocar um «了» no final da frase para indicar que a ação foi concluída. Por exemplo: «他一回家就睡觉了».
Sim, as regras padrão de mudança de tom se aplicam. O «一» é originalmente 1º tom, mas vira 2º tom («yí») antes de um 4º tom, e 4º tom («yì») antes de 1º, 2º ou 3º tons.
Sim! Você pode usá-lo no início se o contexto já foi estabelecido na frase anterior. É muito comum em histórias longas como em: «于是，他决定离开。»
Não muito. Use 所以 ou 那么 para resultados futuros. O 于是 é quase exclusivo para coisas que já aconteceram ou hábitos. «明天我有事，所以不能去。»
Os dois usos principais são: 1) adicionar um motivo extra, tipo 'além disso', e 2) adiar uma decisão, tipo 'depois a gente vê' ou «再说吧».
Você diz seu primeiro motivo, coloca o '再说' e manda o segundo. Exemplo: «我不想出门，天气不好，再说我也很累。»
Capítulo anterior
Expressing Necessity and Courage
Próximo capítulo
Building Logical Arguments
Voltar ao roteiro