B2 · 중상급 챕터 9

Making Comparisons and Simple Connections

5 총 규칙
52 예문
5 분
이 챕터의 규칙 빠른 연습

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Elevate your Chinese by mastering precise comparisons and fluid narrative connections.

  • Express immediate sequences and logical consequences.
  • Articulate nuanced comparisons between people and objects.
  • Add persuasive depth to your arguments with natural fillers.
Connect, compare, and communicate with newfound precision.

배울 내용

Ready for a major upgrade in your Chinese? If you're looking to move beyond simply getting your point across and start expressing yourself with precision and nuance, sounding more authentically native, then this chapter is designed for you! You'll dive deep into sophisticated comparisons. Master A 有 B Adj to express equality, like

This book is as good as that one.
When something's not quite up to par or you want to suggest an alternative, «不如 (bùrú)» empowers you to voice true feelings and preferences. Next, we transition into connecting events. No more bland and then! «一...就... (yī... jiù...)» links actions where the second happens instantly after the first – e.g.,
As soon as I saw him, he laughed.
For intricate narratives, where one event naturally follows another, «于是 (yúshì)» means and thereupon or consequently. It's the magical glue that makes your stories flow effortlessly. Finally, to give your arguments real weight, master «再说 (zàishuō).» This versatile phrase is perfect for adding a killer final reason or for politely postponing a decision. By the end, you'll confidently compare, narrate engaging stories, and articulate reasons with conviction. You won't just be speaking Chinese; you'll be using it like a seasoned speaker. Ready for this significant leap?

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use '一...就...' to describe instant reactions in a story.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Compare items using '不如' and '有' structures.

챕터 가이드

Overview

Ready for a major upgrade in your Chinese? If you're looking to move beyond simply getting your point across and start expressing yourself with precision and nuance, sounding more authentically native, then this chapter is designed for you! This B2 Chinese grammar guide will unlock sophisticated ways to compare, connect ideas, and articulate reasons, pushing your fluency to new heights.
Mastering these structures is crucial for any learner aiming for advanced proficiency. You'll move beyond basic sentence construction and learn to weave complex thoughts together seamlessly, making your conversations and writing much more engaging and natural. This context-rich approach to Chinese grammar will significantly enhance your ability to understand and participate in nuanced discussions.
By the end of this chapter, you'll confidently compare, narrate engaging stories, and articulate reasons with conviction. You won't just be speaking Chinese; you'll be using it like a seasoned speaker, demonstrating a deeper understanding of the language's subtleties. Get ready for a significant leap in your Chinese language learning journey!

How This Grammar Works

This chapter introduces five powerful Chinese grammar patterns that elevate your communication. First, for equative comparisons, we have A 有 B Adj (A is as [Adj] as B). This structure is perfect for stating equality, often implying a positive or neutral comparison, as in «他的中文有你那么好» (His Chinese is as good as yours).
When something doesn't quite measure up or you want to suggest an alternative, 不如 (bùrú) is your go-to. It means 'not as good as' or 'would rather', allowing you to voice preferences, like «这个方案不如那个好» (This plan isn't as good as that one) or «我们不如明天再去吧» (How about we go tomorrow instead?).
Next, we dive into connecting events. To link actions where the second happens instantly after the first, use **一...就... (yī...
jiù...)**. This translates to 'as soon as... then...' and conveys immediacy, for example, «我一回家就洗澡» (As soon as I get home, I take a shower).
For intricate narratives where one event naturally follows another as a consequence, 于是 (yúshì) means 'and thereupon' or 'consequently'. It's the magical glue that makes your stories flow effortlessly, like «他病了，于是取消了会议» (He was sick, and thereupon cancelled the meeting). Finally, to give your arguments real weight or politely postpone a decision, master 再说 (zàishuō).
This versatile phrase is perfect for adding a killer final reason or suggesting 'let's talk about it later', such as «我不喜欢这个颜色，再说，它也太贵了» (I don't like this color, besides, it's too expensive) or «先吃饭吧，工作的事再说» (Let's eat first, we can talk about work later).

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: «她有我漂亮。» (She is as pretty as me.)
✓ Correct: «她有我那么漂亮。» (She is as pretty as me.)
*Explanation:* When using A 有 B Adj for equative comparison, you almost always need 那么 (nàme) or 这么 (zhème) before the adjective to specify the degree of comparison. Omitting it sounds incomplete or grammatically awkward.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: «我先去商店，于是回家了。» (First I went to the store, and thereupon went home.)
✓ Correct: «我先去商店，然后回家了。» (First I went to the store, then I went home.)
*Explanation:* 于是 (yúshì) implies a logical consequence or a cause-and-effect relationship, not just a simple chronological sequence. For a straightforward 'then' in a narrative, 然后 (ránhòu) is the correct choice.

Real Conversations

A

A

这家餐厅的菜味道怎么样？ (How's the food at this restaurant?)
B

B

嗯，我觉得它不如上次我们去的那家好吃。 (Hmm, I think it's not as good as the one we went to last time.)
A

A

你觉得学中文难吗？ (Do you think learning Chinese is hard?)
B

B

我觉得它有学法语那么难，甚至更难一些。 (I think it's as hard as learning French, maybe even a bit harder.)
A

A

你什么时候给我打电话？ (When will you call me?)
B

B

我一到家就给你打电话。 (As soon as I get home, I'll call you.)

Quick FAQ

Q

When should I use 不如 (bùrú) instead of 没有 (méiyǒu) for negative comparisons in Chinese grammar?

不如 (bùrú) implies 'not as good as' or 'inferior to', often with a subjective judgment or a suggestion for an alternative. 没有 (méiyǒu) simply states a lack of equality, meaning 'not as... as', and can be used for objective comparisons or to state that something doesn't reach a certain standard.

Q

Can 一...就... (yī... jiù...) be used for future events?

Yes, it's very common! It implies immediacy in the future, meaning 'as soon as [condition is met], then [action will happen]'. For example, «我一有钱就买房。» (As soon as I have money, I'll buy a house.)

Q

What's the difference between 于是 (yúshì) and 所以 (suǒyǐ)?

Both relate to consequences, but 于是 (yúshì) emphasizes sequential events where the second is a direct result or follow-up of the first, often in narrative. 所以 (suǒyǐ) is a more general 'therefore' or 'so', emphasizing a logical conclusion or reason. 于是 is more about *how* things happened, 所以 is more about *why* something is the case.

Q

Is 再说 (zàishuō) always about postponing, or can it add reasons?

It can do both! It means 'let's talk about it later' when used alone or at the end of a thought. When used to introduce a new clause, it means 'besides', 'furthermore', or 'what's more', adding an additional reason or point to an argument.

Cultural Context

These patterns are essential for sounding natural and nuanced in Chinese. 不如 (bùrú) is frequently used to politely express dissatisfaction or suggest a better alternative without being overly direct. **一...就...
(yī... jiù...) is ubiquitous in daily conversation, making your speech flow with a sense of urgency or immediate connection. 于是 (yúshì)**, while more formal, is key for coherent storytelling in both spoken and written contexts.
再说 (zàishuō) is a highly versatile tool for soft refusals, postponing decisions, or strengthening arguments, reflecting a common Chinese communication style that values indirectness and thorough consideration.

팁과 요령 (4)

💡

첫 번째 주어 생략하기

문맥상 누가 하는 행동인지 뻔하다면 첫 번째 주어는 시원하게 빼버려도 자연스러워요: «一下雨box就不想出门»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ~하자마자 (一...就...)
⚠️

미래의 함정

미래의 계획이나 가정에는 «于是»를 쓰지 마세요. 그럴 땐 «所以»나 «那么»에게 양보하세요. «如果明天下雨，我就不去。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 서사적 연결어 于是 (yúshì)
🎯

'先...再说'로 원어민처럼 말하기

'먼저 ~부터 하고 나서 생각하자'라는 뜻으로, 우선순위를 정할 때 정말 자주 써요. 예를 들어 퇴근 후 피곤할 때: «我先洗个澡再说。»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: '再说'(zàishuō)를 사용하여 이유 추가하기
💬

체면을 살리는 표현

중국 문화에서는 'A가 정말 별로다'라고 직설적으로 말하기보다 'A가 B보다 못하다'고 돌려 말하는 것이 더 공손해요. 불평할 때 좋은 표현이죠!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 중국어 비교법: '~만 못하다'를 표현하는 不如 (bùrú) 사용법

핵심 어휘 (5)

不如 (bùrú) not as good as 于是 (yúshì) consequently 再说 (zàishuō) furthermore/also 程度 (chéngdù) degree/level 建议 (jiànyì) suggestion

Real-World Preview

shopping-bag

Shopping for a Gift

Review Summary

  • 一 + Subject + Verb, Subject + 就 + Verb
  • Event A, 于是 + Result
  • Statement 1, 再说 + Statement 2
  • A 不如 B (Adj)
  • A 有 B + (那么) + Adj

자주 하는 실수

You cannot mix '一...就...' with '于是'. '一...就...' is for immediate timing, while '于是' is for logical sequence.

Wrong: 我一到家于是学习 (I arrived home and consequently studied).
정답: 我一到家就学习 (As soon as I arrived home, I studied).

Questions about equality use '有' rather than '不如'.

Wrong: 这个不如那个好吗？(Is this not as good as that?)
정답: 这个有那个好吗？(Is this as good as that?)

Always treat '再说' as a sentence-initial connector followed by a comma.

Wrong: 再说我累了。(Furthermore I am tired.)
정답: 再说，我累了。(Furthermore, I am tired.)

Next Steps

You've made a huge leap today! Keep practicing these structures in your daily conversations, and you'll soon find yourself thinking in Chinese effortlessly.

Journaling about your day using all 5 structures

Continue to: Building Logical Arguments

빠른 연습 (10)

문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

{这份工作不但薪水低，再说工作环境也差。|Zhè fèn gōngzuò bùdàn xīnshuǐ dī, zàishuō gōngzuò huánjìng yě chà.}

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: {这份工作不但薪水低，而且工作环境也差. |Zhè fèn gōngzuò bùdàn xīnshuǐ dī, érqiě gōngzuò huánjìng yě chà.}
'不但...而且...'는 고정된 짝꿍입니다. 이유를 더하는 상황이라도 '不但'이 앞에 오면 반드시 '而且'를 써야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: '再说'(zàishuō)를 사용하여 이유 추가하기

'나는 당신만큼 바쁘지 않아요'를 올바르게 말한 문장은?

올바른 부정 비교문을 선택하세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我没有你那么忙。 ({Wǒ méiyǒu nǐ nàme máng.})
비교문에서 {有|yǒu}의 부정형은 항상 {没有|méiyǒu}입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 동등 비교: A가 B만큼 ~한가요? (A 有 B Adj)

빈칸에 알맞은 비교 단어를 채워 넣으세요.

이 밀크티 너무 달아, _____ 물 마시는 게 낫겠다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 不如
주관적인 의견('차라리 물 마시는 게 낫겠다')을 표현하므로, 더 나은 대안을 제안하는 不如(bùrú)를 사용합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 중국어 비교법: '~만 못하다'를 표현하는 不如 (bùrú) 사용법

다음 중 문법적으로 올바른 문장을 고르세요.

'이 휴대폰은 저 휴대폰만큼 빠르지 않다'를 올바르게 말하는 방법은?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 这个手机不如那个手机快。
不如 뒤에는 긍정 형용사(快)를 사용해야 합니다. 이중 부정(不快)이나 정도 부사(很)는 절대 사용하지 마세요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 중국어 비교법: '~만 못하다'를 표현하는 不如 (bùrú) 사용법

틀린 부분을 찾아 고치세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

我一下班，我回家。 (퇴근하자마자 집에 가요.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我一下班，就回家。
두 번째 동작('집에 가다') 앞에 '就'가 빠졌어요. 주어가 같으니 뒤의 '我'는 생략하는 게 더 좋아요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ~하자마자 (一...就...)

이중 부정 오류를 찾아 수정하세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

이 영화는 저 영화만큼 재미없지 않다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 这部电影不如那部好看。
不如라는 단어 자체에 '…만큼 못하다'라는 부정의 의미가 포함되어 있으므로, 반드시 긍정 형용사(好看)를 뒤에 사용해야 합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 중국어 비교법: '~만 못하다'를 표현하는 不如 (bùrú) 사용법

빈칸에 알맞은 단어를 넣어 문장을 완성하세요.

{我不想去看那部电影，听说很无聊，____我也没时间。|Wǒ bùxiǎng qù kàn nà bù diànyǐng, tīng shuō hěn wúliáo, ____ wǒ yě méi shíjiān.}

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 再说
영화가 지루하다는 첫 번째 이유에 '시간이 없다'는 추가 이유를 덧붙이고 있으므로 '再说'가 정답입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: '再说'(zàishuō)를 사용하여 이유 추가하기

지하철이 택시만큼 빠른지 묻는 문장을 완성하세요.

地铁 ___ 出租车那么快吗？ ({Dìtiě ___ chūzūchē nàme kuài ma?})

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 有 (yǒu)
A가 B의 수준에 도달했는지 물을 때는 {有|yǒu}를 사용합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 동등 비교: A가 B만큼 ~한가요? (A 有 B Adj)

빈칸에 알맞은 트리거 단어를 넣으세요.

我 ___ 到家就给你发微信。 (집에 도착하자마자 위챗 보낼게.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 一
구조상 첫 번째 동작('도착') 앞에는 一(yī)를 사용해야 합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: ~하자마자 (一...就...)

문법 오류를 수정하세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

今天不有昨天冷。 ({Jīntiān bù yǒu zuótiān lěng.})

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 오늘 안 있어 어제 추워. ({Jīntiān méiyǒu zuótiān lěng.})
{有|yǒu} 비교 구조를 부정할 때는 반드시 {没有|méiyǒu}를 써야 합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 동등 비교: A가 B만큼 ~한가요? (A 有 B Adj)

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

물론이죠! 문장 맨 끝에 '了'만 붙여주면 끝이에요. 예를 들어 «他一回家就睡觉了» (그는 집에 오자마자 잤다)처럼요.
네, 일반적인 성조 변화 규칙을 따릅니다. 4성 앞에서는 2성(«yí»)으로, 1·2·3성 앞에서는 4성(«yì»)으로 변해요.
네, 가능해요! 앞 문장에서 이미 상황이 충분히 설명되었다면 새로운 문장을 «于是»로 시작해 이야기를 이어갈 수 있어요. 긴 이야기를 할 때 아주 흔히 쓰이는 방식이죠. 예를 들어, «于是他决定离开。» 처럼요.
아쉽지만 아니요. 미래의 결과나 계획에는 쓰지 않는 것이 원칙이에요. 그럴 때는 «所以»나 «那么»를 사용하는 것이 훨씬 자연스러워요. «于是»는 이미 일어난 일이나 습관적인 일에 주로 쓴답니다. «明天我会去，所以请等我。» 처럼 말이죠.
첫째는 '게다가', '더군다나'처럼 앞서 말한 이유에 더 강력한 이유를 보태는 것이고, 둘째는 '나중에 얘기하자'처럼 결정을 뒤로 미루는 것이에요. 상황에 따라 해석이 달라지니 문맥을 잘 봐야 해요.
먼저 첫 번째 이유를 말하고, 그 뒤에 '再说'를 넣은 다음 두 번째 이유를 붙이면 돼요. 예를 들어 «我不想出门，天气不好，再说我也很累。» (나가기 싫어, 날씨도 안 좋고 게다가 피곤해)처럼요.
이전 챕터
Expressing Necessity and Courage
다음 챕터
Building Logical Arguments
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