A1 Sentence Structure 1 min read かんたん

Serial Verb Constructions: Chaining Actions Together

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Chain verbs together in chronological order without needing 'and' or special conjunctions.

  • Place verbs in the order they happen: {我|wǒ} {去|qù} {超市|chāoshì} {买|mǎi} {菜|cài} (I go to the market to buy food).
  • Do not use 'and' (和) between verbs; just list them sequentially.
  • The subject only needs to be mentioned once at the very beginning of the chain.
Subject + Verb 1 + (Object 1) + Verb 2 + (Object 2)

Overview

Chinese allows you to chain multiple verbs together in one sentence without conjunctions. The verbs happen in sequence: Subject + Verb1 + Verb2 + (Object). For example: 我去商店买东西 (I go to the store to buy things).
The first verb often describes movement or purpose, and the second describes the main action.

Meanings

Serial Verb Construction allows you to express multiple actions performed by the same subject in a single sentence by placing verbs in chronological order.

1

Chronological Sequence

Actions happening one after another.

“{我|wǒ} {起床|qǐchuáng} {刷牙|shuāyá} (I wake up and brush my teeth).”

“{他|tā} {拿|ná} {书|shū} {看|kàn} (He takes the book and reads it).”

Serial Verb Construction Pattern

Subject Verb 1 Object 1 Verb 2 Object 2
我 去 商店 买 牛奶
他 坐 飞机 去 北京
我们 用 电脑 写 作业
她 跑步 - 锻炼 身体
你 拿 书 看 -
老师 站 - 讲 课

Reference Table

Reference table for Serial Verb Constructions: Chaining Actions Together
Form Structure Example
Affirmative Subj + V1 + V2 {我|wǒ} {去|qù} {吃饭|chīfàn}
Negative Subj + 不 + V1 + V2 {我|wǒ} {不|bù} {去|qù} {吃饭|chīfàn}
Question Subj + V1 + V2 + 吗? {你|nǐ} {去|qù} {吃饭|chīfàn} {吗|ma}?
A-not-A Subj + V1 + 不 + V1 + V2 {你|nǐ} {去|qù} {不|bù} {去|qù} {吃饭|chīfàn}?
Past Subj + V1 + 了 + V2 {我|wǒ} {去|qù} {了|le} {超市|chāoshì} {买|mǎi} {菜|cài}
Continuous Subj + V1 + 着 + V2 {他|tā} {坐|zuò} {着|zhe} {看|kàn} {书|shū}

フォーマル度スペクトル

フォーマル
我前往商店购买面包。

我前往商店购买面包。 (Daily errand)

ニュートラル
我去商店买面包。

我去商店买面包。 (Daily errand)

カジュアル
我去店里买面包。

我去店里买面包。 (Daily errand)

スラング
我去买面包。

我去买面包。 (Daily errand)

Action Chain Flow

Action Chain

Step 1

  • 去 Go

Step 2

  • 买 Buy

Step 3

  • 吃 Eat
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レベル別の例文

1

{我|wǒ} {去|qù} {学校|xuéxiào} {学习|xuéxí}

I go to school to study

1

{他|tā} {坐|zuò} {出租车|chūzūchē} {去|qù} {机场|jīchǎng}

He takes a taxi to the airport

1

{我们|wǒmen} {用|yòng} {筷子|kuàizi} {吃|chī} {面条|miàntiáo}

We use chopsticks to eat noodles

1

{她|tā} {每天|měitiān} {跑步|pǎobù} {锻炼|duànliàn} {身体|shēntǐ}

She runs every day to exercise her body

1

{他|tā} {特意|tèyì} {买|mǎi} {花|huā} {送给|sònggěi} {她|tā}

He specially bought flowers to give to her

1

{政府|zhèngfǔ} {采取|cǎiqǔ} {措施|cuòshī} {改善|gǎishàn} {环境|huánjìng}

The government took measures to improve the environment

間違えやすい

Serial Verb Constructions: Chaining Actions Together 対 SVC vs. Resultative Compounds

Learners mix up sequential actions (SVC) with actions that have a result (Compound).

Serial Verb Constructions: Chaining Actions Together 対 SVC vs. 'Yào' (Intent)

Learners use 'yào' when they just mean a sequence.

Serial Verb Constructions: Chaining Actions Together 対 SVC vs. 'Hé' (And)

Learners try to use 'hé' to join verbs.

よくある間違い

✗

我去超市和买苹果

✓

我去超市买苹果

Do not use 'hé' (and) between verbs.
✗

我去超市，我买苹果

✓

我去超市买苹果

Do not repeat the subject.
✗

买苹果我去超市

✓

我去超市买苹果

Verbs must follow chronological order.
✗

我买苹果去超市

✓

我去超市买苹果

The action of going happens before buying.
✗

他坐飞机去北京了

✓

他坐飞机去北京

Ensure aspect markers are placed correctly.
✗

我用筷子和吃面

✓

我用筷子吃面

Again, no 'and'.
✗

他去北京坐飞机

✓

他坐飞机去北京

Chronology: you sit on the plane first.
✗

我跑步锻炼身体

✓

我跑步锻炼身体

This is actually correct, but ensure the verbs are logically linked.
✗

他去图书馆看书了

✓

他去图书馆看书

Contextual aspect marker placement.
✗

她买花送给她

✓

她买花送给她

Ensure the object of the first verb is clear.
✗

政府采取措施改善环境

✓

政府采取措施改善环境

This is correct, but ensure the SVC isn't too long.
✗

他特意买花送给她

✓

他特意买花送给她

Adverb placement is key.
✗

他去北京坐飞机

✓

他坐飞机去北京

Logic check.

文型パターン

我 ___ 去 ___。

他 ___ 电脑 ___ 报告。

我们 ___ 筷子 ___ 面条。

她 ___ 跑步 ___ 身体。

Real World Usage

Texting constant

我下班去吃饭。

Travel very common

我坐火车去上海。

Food Delivery common

我点外卖吃。

Job Interview common

我负责处理数据写报告。

Directions common

你往前走右转。

Social Media very common

今天去公园拍照。

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💡

Think Chronologically

Always ask yourself: what happened first? Put that verb first.
⚠️

No 'And'

Never use 'hé' to connect verbs. It's the #1 mistake.
🎯

Subject Only Once

You don't need to repeat 'I' or 'He' for every verb.
💬

Natural Flow

SVC makes you sound like a native speaker immediately.

Smart Tips

Stop! Don't use 'hé'. Just put the next verb.

我去超市和买苹果 → 我去超市买苹果

Break it into logical action steps.

我坐车去北京去开会 → 我坐车去北京开会

Ask: What happens first?

我买书去图书馆 → 我去图书馆买书

Put 'bù' right before the verb.

我不去超市买苹果 → 我不去超市买苹果

発音

Wǒ qù shāngdiàn mǎi miànbāo (even tempo)

Rhythm

SVC sentences should be spoken with a steady rhythm, not pausing between verbs.

Statement

Subject + V1 + V2 ↘

Falling intonation at the end of the sentence.

暗記しよう

記憶術

Think of a train: The engine is the Subject, and every carriage is a Verb following in line.

視覚的連想

Imagine a person walking (Verb 1) into a store (Object 1) and then picking up an apple (Verb 2) to eat (Verb 3).

Rhyme

Verbs in a row, watch them go, no 'and' needed, just let them flow.

Story

Xiao Ming wakes up. He brushes his teeth. He eats breakfast. In Chinese, he just says: Xiao Ming qǐchuáng, shuāyá, chī zǎofàn.

Word Web

去 (go)买 (buy)吃 (eat)坐 (sit/take)看 (look/read)用 (use)

チャレンジ

Write 3 sentences about your morning routine using at least two verbs in each.

文化メモ

SVC is the standard way to describe daily life and is highly efficient.

Similar to Mainland, but may use more particles like 'a' at the end.

Cantonese also uses SVC, so the structure feels very natural to Cantonese speakers.

SVCs evolved from the need to express complex events in a language without inflectional morphology.

会話のきっかけ

“

你今天打算做什么？

“

你怎么去学校？

“

你通常用什么写作业？

“

你为了什么去北京？

日記のテーマ

Describe your morning routine.
How do you get to work/school?
Describe a recent trip you took.
Explain how you use technology in your daily life.
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Test Yourself

Fill in the missing verb.

我去超市___苹果。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 买
You go to the store to buy.
Choose the correct sentence. 選択問題

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我去超市买苹果
No 'and', correct order.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

他坐飞机和去北京。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 他坐飞机去北京
Remove 'hé'.
Order the words. Sentence Building

学校 / 去 / 我 / 学习

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我去学校学习
Subject-Verb-Verb.
Translate to Chinese. 翻訳

I take a taxi to the airport.

Answer starts with: 我坐出...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我坐出租车去机场
Correct SVC.
Match the verbs. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 去, 买, 吃
Standard verbs.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: 你去哪？ B: 我去___。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 商店买东西
Correct SVC.
Is this rule true? True False Rule

Can I use 'hé' between verbs?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Never use 'hé' for verbs.

Score: /8

練習問題

8 exercises
Fill in the missing verb.

我去超市___苹果。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 买
You go to the store to buy.
Choose the correct sentence. 選択問題

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我去超市买苹果
No 'and', correct order.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

他坐飞机和去北京。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 他坐飞机去北京
Remove 'hé'.
Order the words. Sentence Building

学校 / 去 / 我 / 学习

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我去学校学习
Subject-Verb-Verb.
Translate to Chinese. 翻訳

I take a taxi to the airport.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 我坐出租车去机场
Correct SVC.
Match the verbs. Match Pairs

Match: Go, Buy, Eat

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 去, 买, 吃
Standard verbs.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: 你去哪？ B: 我去___。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 商店买东西
Correct SVC.
Is this rule true? True False Rule

Can I use 'hé' between verbs?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Never use 'hé' for verbs.

Score: /8

よくある質問 (8)

Yes! You can chain as many as you need as long as they happen in order.

Yes, the subject is the anchor for the whole chain.

You can add 'le' after the first verb or at the end of the sentence.

Yes, it is used in all registers, from texting to formal reports.

Because the verbs are placed in a series.

Usually before the verb you want to negate.

No, 'Ba' is for object manipulation.

Yes, it is one of the most common structures in the language.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish partial

Infinitives (e.g., Voy a comprar)

Chinese has no particles between verbs.

French partial

Infinitives (e.g., Je vais acheter)

Chinese lacks linking prepositions.

German low

Modal verbs or infinitive clauses

Chinese is strictly sequential.

Japanese high

Te-form (e.g., itte kaimasu)

Chinese omits the particle.

Arabic low

Wa (and) + verb

Chinese forbids 'and' for verbs.

Chinese n/a

SVC

N/A

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
基本の語順 (時と場所 STPVO)
Next
Topic-Comment Structure: What Chinese Sentences Are Really About

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