条款 30秒で
- A specific rule or condition within a contract or agreement.
- Essential for understanding rights and obligations in formal documents.
- Found in legal, business, and user agreements.
- Requires careful reading and understanding.
The Chinese word 条款 (tiáokuǎn) is a crucial term when discussing any form of agreement, contract, or set of regulations. It refers to a specific condition, stipulation, or provision within these documents. Think of it as a single, defined point that outlines what is expected, allowed, or forbidden. It's the building block of any formal understanding between parties.
You'll encounter 条款 in a wide array of contexts. In business, it's fundamental to contracts for sales, employment, leases, and partnerships. Legal documents, such as laws, treaties, and court rulings, are filled with specific 条款. Even in less formal agreements, like the terms of service for a website or the rules of a club, you'll find 条款 that govern user behavior and responsibilities.
Understanding 条款 is essential for avoiding misunderstandings and ensuring that all parties are aware of their rights and obligations. When you sign a contract, you are agreeing to abide by all of its 条款. Similarly, when you use an online service, you implicitly agree to its terms and conditions, which are essentially a collection of 条款.
The word itself is composed of two characters:
- 条 (tiáo)
- This character can mean 'strip', 'item', or 'clause'. In this context, it refers to an individual item or point.
- 款 (kuǎn)
- This character can mean 'section', 'item', or 'sum of money'. Here, it signifies a specific section or item within a larger document.
Consider the This rental agreement has many important 条款 regarding pet ownership.
Using 条款 correctly involves understanding its role as a noun, typically referring to a specific point within a larger document. It's often used in conjunction with verbs that indicate agreement, negotiation, or understanding of these points.
Common sentence structures involve discussing, adding, modifying, or adhering to these conditions. For instance, you might We need to carefully review all the 条款 before signing the contract. The new regulations include several strict 条款 for environmental protection.
You can also talk about negotiating or agreeing on specific 条款. For example, Both parties agreed to the 条款 regarding payment schedules.
When discussing legal or business matters, it's common to use phrases like 'specific 条款' (具体的条款 - jùtǐ de tiáokuǎn), 'important 条款' (重要的条款 - zhòngyào de tiáokuǎn), or 'violate a 条款' (违反条款 - wéifǎn tiáokuǎn).
Consider the Please read the 条款 and conditions carefully before making a purchase.
When discussing changes, you might say, They are proposing to amend certain 条款 in the partnership agreement.
You'll hear 条款 (tiáokuǎn) most frequently in formal and semi-formal settings where agreements and rules are discussed. This includes:
- Legal and Business Meetings
- Lawyers, business professionals, and negotiators will often refer to specific 条款 when drafting, reviewing, or discussing contracts, mergers, acquisitions, or any legal document. For example, a lawyer might say, "我们必须仔细检查合同的每一项条款。" (Wǒmen bìxū zǐxì jiǎnchá hé tóng de měi yī xiàng tiáokuǎn. - We must carefully check every clause of the contract.)
- Customer Service and User Agreements
- When you sign up for a new service, download an app, or make a significant purchase, you're often presented with 'terms and conditions'. In Chinese, this is often referred to as 用户协议 (yònghù xiéyì) or 服务条款 (fúwù tiáokuǎn). A customer service representative might explain, "请您阅读并同意我们的服务条款。" (Qǐng nín yuèdú bìng tóngyì wǒmen de fúwù tiáokuǎn. - Please read and agree to our service terms.)
- Government and Public Policy Discussions
- When discussing new laws, regulations, or international treaties, officials and commentators will refer to the specific 条款 that govern these areas. For instance, a news report might state, "新法律包含了几项关于数据隐私的严格条款。" (Xīn fǎlǜ bāohánle jǐ xiàng guānyú shùjù yǐnsī de yángé tiáokuǎn. - The new law includes several strict clauses regarding data privacy.)
- Academic Lectures and Research
- In fields like law, economics, or political science, academics will dissect and analyze the 条款 of historical or contemporary agreements. A professor might explain, "这份国际协议的条款对全球贸易产生了深远影响。" (Zhè fèn guójì xiéyì de tiáokuǎn duì quánqiú màoyì chǎnshēngle shēnyuǎn yǐngxiǎng. - The terms of this international agreement have had a profound impact on global trade.)
- Property and Rental Agreements
- Landlords and tenants will often discuss the specific 条款 related to rent payment, maintenance, or property usage. For example, a landlord might state, "租约中有一项关于禁止饲养宠物的条款。" (Zūyuē zhōng yǒu yī xiàng guānyú jìnzhǐ sìyǎng chǒngwù de tiáokuǎn. - There is a clause in the lease prohibiting pet ownership.)
Learners might make a few common mistakes when using or encountering 条款 (tiáokuǎn). Understanding these can help prevent confusion:
- Confusing 条款 with General Rules
- Mistake: Using 条款 to refer to any general rule or guideline.
Correct Usage: 条款 specifically refers to a defined point within a formal document like a contract, law, or agreement. A general suggestion is not a 条款.
Example: Instead of saying "The 条款 is to be polite," it's better to say "The rule is to be polite." If it's part of a formal code of conduct, then it might be a 条款.
- Overgeneralizing its Application
- Mistake: Thinking 条款 can be used interchangeably with any noun referring to a part of a document.
Correct Usage: While it means 'clause' or 'term', it's most strongly associated with legal and contractual contexts. For instance, you wouldn't typically refer to a chapter in a novel as a 条款.
Example: Saying "This 条款 in the book is interesting" is incorrect. It should be "This chapter/section in the book is interesting."
- Misunderstanding Plurality
- Mistake: Assuming 条款 always needs a plural marker.
Correct Usage: In Chinese, nouns don't inherently change form for plurality. The context or quantifiers usually indicate whether one or multiple 条款 are being discussed. Saying "合同的条款" can refer to one or many, depending on context. If you want to emphasize multiple, you might use words like '各项' (gè xiàng - various) or '所有' (suǒyǒu - all).
Example: "The contract has a 条款 about late fees." (合同有一个关于滞纳金的条款。) vs. "The contract has several 条款 about late fees." (合同有几项关于滞纳金的条款。)
- Direct Translation Pitfalls
- Mistake: Directly translating English phrases without considering Chinese usage.
Correct Usage: While 'clause' or 'term' are good English equivalents, the nuance in Chinese is important. 条款 is very specific to formal documents.
Example: In English, we might say "The terms of the agreement are clear." In Chinese, you'd say "协议的条款很清楚。" (Xiéyì de tiáokuǎn hěn qīngchǔ.)
While 条款 (tiáokuǎn) is the standard term for 'clause' or 'term' in formal agreements, several other words can be used depending on the specific context and desired nuance. Understanding these distinctions helps in precise communication:
- 条 (tiáo)
- Meaning: Item, strip, article, clause.
Comparison: 条 is often used as a component of 条款, but it can also stand alone to refer to an article or item in a list or set of rules, especially in less formal or more general contexts. It's more general than 条款.
Example: 《合同法》的第三十条规定了合同的生效条件。(The thirtieth article of the Contract Law stipulates the conditions for the contract to take effect.)
- 规定 (guīdìng)
- Meaning: Regulation, rule, provision; to stipulate, to regulate.
Comparison: 规定 can be used as a noun referring to a rule or regulation, or as a verb meaning 'to stipulate'. It's very close in meaning to 条款 when used as a noun, but 条款 specifically refers to a point within a written agreement, whereas 规定 can refer to rules in general, even if not explicitly written in a single document. 条款 is more formal and document-specific.
Example: 公司有严格的着装规定。(The company has strict dress regulations.) vs. The contract has a 条款 about working hours. (合同有关于工作时间的条款.)
- 细则 (xìzé)
- Meaning: Detailed rules, regulations, or stipulations.
Comparison: 细则 refers to the more detailed provisions or sub-clauses that flesh out the main 条款. It's more specific and detailed than a general 条款.
Example: 这些条款的执行细则将在下周公布。(The detailed implementation rules for these clauses will be announced next week.)
- 条件 (tiáojiàn)
- Meaning: Condition, term, requirement.
Comparison: 条件 is a more general term for 'condition' or 'requirement'. While a 条款 in a contract is a type of 条件, not all 条件 are formal 条款. 条件 can be used in everyday situations, whereas 条款 is reserved for formal agreements.
Example: 获得这个职位的条件是必须有五年以上的工作经验。(The condition for getting this job is at least five years of work experience.) vs. The contract has a 条款 about intellectual property. (合同有一项关于知识产权的条款.)
- 条文 (tiáowén)
- Meaning: Article, clause (of a law or treaty).
Comparison: 条文 is very similar to 条款 and is often used for laws, regulations, and official documents. It emphasizes the written text of a law or treaty. 条款 is more broadly applicable to any agreement.
Example: 法律条文通常比较严谨。(Legal clauses are usually quite rigorous.)
How Formal Is It?
豆知識
The character 款 (kuǎn) has a dual meaning related to money (e.g., a sum of money, payment). This connection might stem from how early contracts or agreements often involved financial transactions, and the specific terms (款) were crucial for those sums. Thus, 'terms' in contracts often had a direct financial implication.
発音ガイド
- Pronouncing 'tiáo' as 'teo' or 'tiao' without the glide.
- Not aspirating the 'k' sound in 'kuǎn'.
- Confusing the tones, especially the third tone of 'tiáo' and the third tone of 'kuǎn'.
難易度
Understanding <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark> in reading requires familiarity with formal language and legal/business contexts. Texts containing <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark> are often dense and may use specialized vocabulary, making them challenging for lower-level learners.
Using <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark> accurately in writing demands precision and an understanding of formal sentence structures common in contracts and legal documents. Incorrect usage can lead to significant misunderstandings.
While the pronunciation is manageable, using <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark> in spoken conversation usually occurs in formal settings like business meetings or legal discussions, requiring a certain level of fluency and contextual awareness.
Recognizing <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark> in spoken Chinese depends on the clarity of the speaker and the formality of the context. In fast-paced or informal speech, it might be harder to distinguish.
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Use of Quantifiers with Nouns
为了表示多个条款，我们可以说“合同有几项关于付款的条款。” (To indicate multiple clauses, we can say 'The contract has a few clauses regarding payment.')
Verb-Object Structure with Formal Nouns
在正式场合，我们经常说“遵守合同条款”。 (In formal settings, we often say 'abide by contract clauses'.)
Using 的 (de) for Possession or Modification
这是租赁合同的条款。(This is the rental contract's clauses.)
Adverbial Phrases Modifying Verbs related to Terms
我们需要仔细审查所有的条款。(We need to carefully review all the clauses.)
Using Conjunctions to Link Clauses or Ideas
如果违反了这些条款，那么将会有相应的处罚。(If these clauses are violated, then there will be corresponding penalties.)
レベル別の例文
请看这里的规则。
Please see the rules here.
Uses a general term for 'rules' instead of the formal '条款'.
合同有几项要求。
The contract has a few requirements.
Uses '要求' (yāoqiú - requirements) which is simpler than '条款'.
这是我们的商店的规矩。
These are the rules of our store.
'规矩' (guījǔ - rules, customs) is more informal than '条款'.
你必须遵守这个规定。
You must follow this regulation.
'规定' (guīdìng - regulation) is used for general rules.
租金支付的日期是什么？
What is the date for rent payment?
Focuses on a specific detail rather than the formal term for the rule.
这个游戏有一个简单的规则。
This game has a simple rule.
Simple context, likely not using formal legal terminology.
请保管好你的票。
Please take care of your ticket.
A simple instruction, not a formal contract clause.
我们有一个关于午餐的约定。
We have an agreement about lunch.
'约定' (yuēdìng - agreement) is less formal than '条款'.
请阅读用户协议的最后一页。
Please read the last page of the user agreement.
Introduces '用户协议' (yònghù xiéyì - user agreement) which contains 条款.
合同里有一项关于退货的规定。
There is a provision about returns in the contract.
Uses '规定' (guīdìng - provision) as a synonym for a contractual point.
我们需要明确合同的每一项条款。
We need to clarify every clause of the contract.
Uses '明确' (míngquè - clarify) with 条款.
这份租赁合同的条款非常详细。
The terms of this rental contract are very detailed.
Uses '租赁合同' (zūlìn hétóng - rental contract) and describes its 条款.
请注意，有几条关于使用限制的条款。
Please note, there are a few clauses regarding usage restrictions.
Uses '注意' (zhùyì - note) and '使用限制' (shǐyòng xiànzhì - usage restrictions) with 条款.
我们不同意合同中的某些条款。
We disagree with certain clauses in the contract.
Uses '不同意' (bù tóngyì - disagree) with 条款.
公司有关于员工行为的规定。
The company has regulations regarding employee conduct.
Uses '规定' (guīdìng - regulations) for company rules.
这份协议的条款需要修改。
The terms of this agreement need to be revised.
Uses '修改' (xiūgǎi - revise) with 条款.
在签订合同之前，务必仔细阅读所有条款。
Before signing the contract, be sure to read all the clauses carefully.
Uses '务必' (wùbì - must, be sure to) and '仔细阅读' (zǐxì yuèdú - read carefully) with 条款.
这份保险合同的赔付条款非常明确。
The compensation clauses of this insurance contract are very clear.
Uses '保险合同' (bǎoxiǎn hétóng - insurance contract) and '赔付条款' (péifù tiáokuǎn - compensation clauses).
我们正在协商修改合伙协议中的一些条款。
We are negotiating to amend some clauses in the partnership agreement.
Uses '协商' (xiéshāng - negotiate) and '修改' (xiūgǎi - amend) with 条款.
法律规定了消费者在购买商品时的各项权利和义务条款。
The law stipulates various rights and obligations clauses for consumers when purchasing goods.
Uses '法律规定' (fǎlǜ guīdìng - the law stipulates) and '权利和义务条款' (quánlì hé yìwù tiáokuǎn - rights and obligations clauses).
新发布的政策包含了一些对小型企业有利的条款。
The newly released policy includes some clauses beneficial to small businesses.
Uses '新发布的政策' (xīn fābù de zhèngcè - newly released policy) and '有利的条款' (yǒulì de tiáokuǎn - beneficial clauses).
如果违反了合同的某项条款，将会面临相应的处罚。
If any clause of the contract is violated, corresponding penalties will be faced.
Uses '违反' (wéifǎn - violate) and '处罚' (chǔfá - penalty) with 条款.
这份长期租赁协议的条款非常严格，需要谨慎对待。
The terms of this long-term lease agreement are very strict and require careful consideration.
Uses '长期租赁协议' (chángqī zūlìn xiéyì - long-term lease agreement) and '谨慎对待' (jǐnshèn duìdài - treat with caution).
在谈判中，我们试图争取更有利的合同条款。
In negotiations, we try to secure more favorable contract terms.
Uses '谈判' (tánpàn - negotiation) and '争取' (zhēngqǔ - strive for, secure) with '更有利的合同条款' (gèng yǒulì de hétóng tiáokuǎn - more favorable contract terms).
该国际条约的各项条款均需得到所有签署国的批准。
All clauses of the international treaty require ratification by all signatory nations.
Uses '国际条约' (guójì tiáoyuē - international treaty) and '批准' (pīzhǔn - ratification).
法律专家们正在就该法案中可能引起争议的条款进行深入分析。
Legal experts are conducting an in-depth analysis of the potentially controversial clauses in the bill.
Uses '法律专家' (fǎlǜ zhuānjiā - legal experts), '深入分析' (shēnrù fēnxī - in-depth analysis), and '争议的条款' (zhēngyì de tiáokuǎn - controversial clauses).
在商业并购过程中，尽职调查的一个重要环节就是审查目标公司的各项合同条款。
In the process of business mergers and acquisitions, an important part of due diligence is the review of all contract clauses of the target company.
Uses '商业并购' (shāngyè bìnggòu - business M&A), '尽职调查' (jìnzhí diàochá - due diligence), and '合同条款' (hétóng tiáokuǎn - contract clauses).
该公司的雇佣合同中包含一项关于竞业限制的特殊条款。
The company's employment contract includes a special clause regarding non-compete restrictions.
Uses '雇佣合同' (gùyōng hétóng - employment contract) and '竞业限制' (jìngyè xiànzhì - non-compete restrictions).
对于那些不明确的条款，我们建议寻求法律咨询以避免日后产生纠纷。
For those unclear clauses, we recommend seeking legal advice to avoid future disputes.
Uses '不明确的条款' (bù míngquè de tiáokuǎn - unclear clauses), '法律咨询' (fǎlǜ zīxún - legal advice), and '纠纷' (jiūfēn - dispute).
新修订的宪法条文旨在加强公民的权利保障。
The newly revised constitutional provisions aim to strengthen the protection of citizens' rights.
Uses '宪法条文' (xiànfǎ tiáowén - constitutional provisions) and '权利保障' (quánlì bǎozhàng - rights protection).
合同的履行情况将依据其具体条款进行评估。
The performance of the contract will be evaluated based on its specific clauses.
Uses '履行情况' (lǚxíng qíngkuàng - performance status) and '评估' (pínggū - evaluate).
双方就技术转让协议中的知识产权归属条款进行了长时间的辩论。
The parties engaged in a lengthy debate over the intellectual property ownership clauses in the technology transfer agreement.
Uses '技术转让协议' (jìshù zhuǎnràng xiéyì - technology transfer agreement) and '知识产权归属条款' (zhīshì chǎnquán guīshǔ tiáokuǎn - intellectual property ownership clauses).
本次合并旨在通过整合双方的优势资源，优化资本结构，并进一步细化相关法律条款的执行细则。
This merger aims to optimize the capital structure by integrating the superior resources of both parties, and further refine the implementation details of relevant legal clauses.
Highly sophisticated vocabulary and complex sentence structure.
国际仲裁庭在审理过程中，对争议合同中的含糊不清的条款进行了详尽的解释和裁定。
During the arbitration process, the international tribunal provided detailed interpretations and rulings on the ambiguous clauses within the disputed contract.
Uses precise legal terminology like '国际仲裁庭' (guójì zhòngcáitíng - international arbitration tribunal) and '含糊不清的条款' (hánhú bù qīng de tiáokuǎn - ambiguous clauses).
该法案的某些条款可能涉及复杂的税收规避和合规性问题，需要立法者们审慎考量。
Certain clauses of the bill may involve complex tax avoidance and compliance issues, requiring careful consideration by the legislators.
Advanced vocabulary like '税收规避' (shuìshōu guībì - tax avoidance) and '合规性' (héguīxìng - compliance).
在解释合同的潜在意图时，法院会参考相关行业惯例以及合同签订时的背景信息，以期准确把握各项条款的真义。
When interpreting the potential intent of a contract, courts will refer to relevant industry practices and background information at the time of contract signing to accurately grasp the true meaning of each clause.
Complex legal reasoning and nuanced language.
尽管存在诸多挑战，但双方仍致力于在现有框架下，对租赁协议中的所有细枝末节条款进行协商，以达成互利共赢的局面。
Despite numerous challenges, both parties remain committed to negotiating all minute clauses within the lease agreement under the existing framework, in order to achieve a mutually beneficial and win-win situation.
Emphasizes meticulous negotiation and a win-win outcome.
该遗嘱的措辞极为严谨，其各项条款的执行均需严格依照遗嘱人的意愿。
The wording of this will is extremely precise, and the execution of each of its clauses must strictly adhere to the testator's wishes.
Focuses on precise wording and strict adherence to the testator's wishes.
在分析金融衍生品合同的风险时，合同中关于清算和违约的条款是审查的重中之重。
When analyzing the risks of financial derivative contracts, the clauses concerning clearing and default within the contract are of paramount importance for review.
Specialized financial terminology and high-level risk analysis.
合同的解释应遵循合同的字面意思，但当字面意思产生歧义时，则需结合上下文及相关法律原则来理解其条款。
The interpretation of a contract should follow its literal meaning, but when the literal meaning leads to ambiguity, it is necessary to combine the context and relevant legal principles to understand its clauses.
Discusses principles of contract interpretation and ambiguity.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
— The clauses/terms of the contract.
我们需要仔细研究合同的条款。
— The terms and conditions of the user agreement.
请阅读用户协议的条款。
— Legal regulations and clauses.
我们需要遵守所有的法律规定和条款。
— The clauses of the rental contract.
这份租赁合同的条款对租客有明确的要求。
— Various clauses/terms.
所有各项条款都必须被遵守。
— New clauses/terms.
公司引入了新的条款。
— Important clauses/terms.
请注意合同中重要的条款。
— Negotiate clauses/terms.
双方正在协商条款。
— Abide by clauses/terms.
我们必须遵守条款。
— Violate clauses/terms.
如果违反条款，会有后果。
よく混同される語
条件 means 'condition' or 'requirement' and is a more general term. While a 条款 is a type of 条件, not all 条件 are formal 条款. 条款 is specific to written agreements.
规定 can mean 'rule' or 'regulation'. When used as a noun referring to a stipulation in a document, it's very similar to 条款, but 规定 can also refer to general rules not necessarily written in a single formal document.
条 can mean 'item' or 'article' and is often a part of 条款. When used alone, it's more general and can refer to an article in a law or a point in a list, but 条款 is more specific to contractual stipulations.
間違えやすい
All these words relate to rules, conditions, or parts of documents.
<strong>条款 (tiáokuǎn):</strong> Specifically refers to a clause or term within a formal written agreement, contract, or legal document. It's the most precise term for a defined stipulation. <br/><strong>条件 (tiáojiàn):</strong> A more general word for 'condition' or 'requirement'. It can be formal or informal and doesn't necessarily refer to a written clause. <br/><strong>规定 (guīdìng):</strong> Can mean 'rule' or 'regulation'. It can be used for formal stipulations in documents, but also for general rules or policies that are not necessarily part of a single written contract. <br/><strong>条 (tiáo):</strong> Often means 'item' or 'article'. It can be a component of <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark> or stand alone as an article in a law, but is generally less specific than <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark>.
In a contract, you have <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark> (clauses) that outline the <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条件</mark> (conditions) for payment, and these are part of the overall <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>规定</mark> (regulations) of the agreement. Each specific point might be referred to as a <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条</mark> (article).
Both refer to parts of written documents.
<strong>条款 (tiáokuǎn):</strong> Refers to a specific clause or term within an agreement, contract, or legal document. It's a defined stipulation. <br/><strong>条文 (tiáowén):</strong> Specifically refers to the 'article' or 'clause' of a law, statute, or treaty. It emphasizes the written text of official legal documents. While very similar to <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark>, <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条文</mark> is more exclusively used for legislative and treaty contexts.
The lease agreement has specific <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark> (tiáokuǎn) about pet ownership. The constitution of a country is made up of <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条文</mark> (articles).
Both relate to detailed rules.
<strong>条款 (tiáokuǎn):</strong> Refers to a clause or term in a contract or agreement, outlining specific conditions. <br/><strong>细则 (xìzé):</strong> Refers to detailed rules, regulations, or stipulations that elaborate on broader terms or clauses. <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>细则</mark> are the specifics that flesh out the main <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark>. Think of them as sub-clauses or implementation details.
The main <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark> (tiáokuǎn) of the agreement state that all employees must complete training. The <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>细则</mark> (xìzé) would then detail how, when, and where this training must be completed.
Both refer to components of agreements.
<strong>条款 (tiáokuǎn):</strong> Refers to a specific clause or term within a formal agreement or contract. <br/><strong>章程 (zhāngchéng):</strong> Refers to the articles of association, constitution, or charter of an organization, society, or company. It outlines the fundamental rules and principles governing the entity itself, rather than specific stipulations within a contract between parties. While <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>章程</mark> contains rules, it's the overarching governing document, not individual contract clauses.
The company's <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>章程</mark> (zhāngchéng) outlines its mission and governance structure. The <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark> (tiáokuǎn) of its employment contract detail an employee's salary and responsibilities.
Both refer to the entirety of an agreement.
<strong>条款 (tiáokuǎn):</strong> Refers to individual clauses or terms within a larger agreement or contract. <br/><strong>协议 (xiéyì) / 合同 (hétóng):</strong> Refers to the entire agreement or contract document itself, which is composed of many <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark> (tiáokuǎn). <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>协议</mark> and <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>合同</mark> are the whole, while <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark> are the parts.
We need to sign the <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>合同</mark> (hétóng) which contains many <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark> (tiáokuǎn) about payment and delivery.
文型パターン
请阅读 [Document Type] 的 [Number] [Measure Word] <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark>。
请阅读用户协议的第三<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条</mark> <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark>。
合同/协议 中有关于 [Topic] 的 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark>。
合同中有关于付款方式的<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark>。
我们需要仔细审查 [Document Type] 的所有 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark>。
我们需要仔细审查租赁合同的所有<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark>。
如果 [Action/Condition], 那么将会 [Consequence] 关于 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark>。
如果<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>违反了这些条款</mark>，那么将会面临罚款。
[Subject] 正在协商/修改 [Document Type] 中的 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark>。
双方正在协商修改合作协议中的<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark>。
该 [Document Type] 的 [Adjective] <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark> 对 [Subject] 产生了 [Effect]。
该国际条约的<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>严苛的条款</mark>对发展中国家产生了深远的影响。
对于 [Unclear Aspect], 我们建议寻求法律咨询以理解其 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark>。
对于合同中不明确的<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark>，我们建议寻求法律咨询以理解其具体含义。
[Subject] 的解释应遵循 [Principle] 并参考 [Context] 来理解其 <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark>。
合同的解释应遵循合同的字面意思，并参考上下文来理解其<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark>。
語族
名詞
動詞
形容詞
関連
使い方
High in contexts related to law, business, and formal agreements.
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Using <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark> for casual rules.
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Use <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>规定</mark> or <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>规则</mark> for everyday rules.
<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark> is reserved for formal, written stipulations in contracts and legal documents. Applying it to informal rules sounds unnatural and incorrect.
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Directly translating 'terms' as <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark> in all contexts.
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Consider the context. Use <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条件</mark> for general 'conditions' or <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>规定</mark> for 'regulations' if not part of a specific contract.
While <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark> is a primary translation for 'term' in contracts, other Chinese words have overlapping meanings. Choosing the right word depends on whether it's a formal contract clause (<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark>), a general condition (<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条件</mark>), or a broader rule (<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>规定</mark>).
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Assuming <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark> needs a plural marker.
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Use quantifiers like '各项' (various) or rely on context to indicate plurality.
Chinese nouns, including <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark>, do not change form for plural. Saying '合同的<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark>' can refer to one or many. Adding explicit plural markers like '几项' (a few) or '所有' (all) clarifies the number.
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Confusing <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark> with the entire contract.
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Understand that <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark> refers to individual parts of a contract, not the whole document.
<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark> are the building blocks. The entire document is the <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>合同</mark> (contract) or <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>协议</mark> (agreement).
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Mispronouncing the tones or aspiration.
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Practice the tones for 'tiáo' (2nd tone) and 'kuǎn' (3rd tone), and ensure the 'k' in 'kuǎn' is aspirated.
Incorrect pronunciation can lead to misunderstanding, especially in formal contexts where <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark> is used. Tones and aspiration are crucial for clarity in Mandarin.
ヒント
Formal Language
When discussing 条款, use formal sentence structures and vocabulary. Avoid slang or overly casual language, as it might undermine the seriousness of the discussion.
Break It Down
The word is composed of 条 (item/strip) and 款 (section/item). Think of it as specific 'items' or 'sections' that make up a larger document, like the individual bricks that form a wall.
Real-World Examples
Seek out examples of contracts or terms of service online. Try to identify and understand the different 条款. This practical application will solidify your understanding.
Plurality
Remember that Chinese nouns like 条款 don't change form for plurality. Use quantifiers like '各项' (various) or context to indicate if you're talking about one or multiple 条款.
Distinguish from 条件
While related, 条款 is formal and specific to written agreements, whereas 条件 is a more general term for 'condition' or 'requirement'.
Importance of Agreements
In Chinese business culture, contracts and their 条款 are taken very seriously. Understanding them is key to building trust and ensuring successful relationships.
Aspirated 'k'
Pay attention to the aspirated 'k' sound in 款 (kuǎn). It's a common feature of Mandarin pronunciation that distinguishes it from unaspirated sounds.
Precision in Legal Writing
When writing about 条款 in a legal or business context, aim for maximum clarity and precision. Ambiguous wording can lead to significant problems.
Build on Related Terms
Once you master 条款, explore related terms like '合同' (contract), '协议' (agreement), and '规定' (regulation) to build a comprehensive understanding of formal communication.
暗記しよう
記憶術
Imagine a contract is like a long scroll (条 - strip/item). Each distinct rule written on that scroll is a 条款 (kuǎn - section/item). Think of it as 'scroll items' or 'section items' that make up the whole contract.
視覚的連想
Picture a formal contract laid out on a table. Each numbered point or paragraph is a distinct 条款. You can visualize a magnifying glass zooming in on each specific 条款 to understand its details.
Word Web
チャレンジ
Find a sample contract or terms of service document online (in Chinese if possible) and identify at least five 条款 within it. Try to summarize what each 条款 means in your own words.
語源
The word 条款 (tiáokuǎn) is a compound word formed from two characters that individually contribute to its meaning. The character 条 (tiáo) can mean 'strip', 'item', or 'clause', suggesting a distinct part or item. The character 款 (kuǎn) can mean 'section', 'item', or 'sum of money', and in this context, it reinforces the idea of a specific section or item within a larger framework.
元の意味： Literally, it suggests 'items' or 'sections' that form the body of an agreement or document.
Sino-Tibetan文化的な背景
When dealing with 条款 in a cross-cultural context, it's important to be aware that legal systems and interpretation of terms can vary. What might be a standard 条款 in one culture could be perceived differently in another. Always seek clarification if unsure.
In English-speaking cultures, the concept of 'terms and conditions' or 'clauses' in contracts is very similar. The legal and business frameworks are built on detailed agreements where each 条款 has legal standing.
実生活で練習する
実際の使用場面
Signing a new phone contract.
- 手机合同的条款
- 月租合同
- 服务条款
- 合同条款很重要
Renting an apartment.
- 租赁合同的条款
- 租金条款
- 押金条款
- 租房条款
Discussing a business deal.
- 合同条款
- 商业条款
- 谈判条款
- 修改条款
Reading terms of service for an app.
- 用户协议的条款
- 隐私条款
- 服务条款
- 同意条款
Understanding new government regulations.
- 法律条款
- 新规定条款
- 政策条款
- 相关条款
会話のきっかけ
"Have you ever had to carefully read through all the 条款 of a contract before signing it?"
"What are some of the most important 条款 you look for when renting an apartment?"
"In your opinion, what makes a contract's 条款 fair or unfair?"
"Have you ever encountered a 条款 in a user agreement that you found particularly surprising or restrictive?"
"When negotiating business deals, which 条款 are usually the most difficult to agree upon?"
日記のテーマ
Describe a time you had to understand a complex set of <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark> for a personal or professional reason. What was challenging about it, and how did you approach it?
Imagine you are drafting a new set of <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark> for a community club. What would be the most crucial <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark> to ensure smooth operation and fairness among members?
Reflect on the role of <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark> in ensuring trust and accountability in agreements. How do they contribute to a stable society or business environment?
Consider a situation where <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark> in a contract were unclear or ambiguous. What were the consequences, and what could have been done differently?
Write a short story where a character discovers a hidden or unusual <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>条款</mark> in a seemingly ordinary document. How does this discovery change their situation?
よくある質問
10 問条款 (tiáokuǎn) is the Chinese word for a specific clause or term within a contract or agreement. 'Terms and conditions' is a common English phrase that encompasses all the 条款 within a document. So, 条款 refers to individual parts, while 'terms and conditions' refers to the whole set of rules.
Generally, no. 条款 is formal and specifically refers to written stipulations in contracts, laws, or official agreements. For everyday rules, words like 规定 (guīdìng - regulation) or 规则 (guīzé - rule) are more appropriate.
When you sign a contract, use a service, or agree to an online policy, you are typically indicating your agreement to all the stated 条款. It's crucial to read and understand these 条款 before giving your consent, as they define your rights and obligations.
No, there isn't a fixed number. The number of 条款 in a contract varies greatly depending on the complexity of the agreement. Simple contracts might have only a few, while extensive legal documents can have dozens or even hundreds of 条款.
Violating a 条款 usually has consequences outlined within the contract itself. These can range from financial penalties (like fines or forfeiture of deposits) to legal action, termination of the agreement, or other remedies specified in the contract.
Yes, 条款 are part of formal documents, so they are almost always written in formal, precise language. This is to ensure clarity and legal enforceability. You will rarely find 条款 in casual conversation.
In legal contexts, 'article' and 'clause' are often used interchangeably. In Chinese, 条款 and 条文 (tiáowén) are the common translations for 'article' or 'clause' in laws and treaties. 条款 is a broader term applicable to any agreement, while 条文 is more specific to legislative texts.
It is extremely important. Each 条款 defines a specific aspect of the agreement, including your rights, responsibilities, and potential liabilities. Failing to understand a 条款 could lead to unexpected outcomes or legal issues.
Generally, once an agreement is signed, its 条款 are binding. However, parties can mutually agree to amend or add new 条款 through a formal addendum or amendment, which must also be signed by all parties involved.
The best way is through context. Read sample contracts, user agreements, and legal documents. Practice identifying the 条款 and try to summarize their meaning. Using flashcards with example sentences and their translations is also effective.
自分をテスト 10 問
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Perfect score!
Summary
条款 (tiáokuǎn) refers to a specific, written condition or stipulation within a formal agreement, contract, or set of regulations, defining obligations, rights, or rules for the parties involved.
- A specific rule or condition within a contract or agreement.
- Essential for understanding rights and obligations in formal documents.
- Found in legal, business, and user agreements.
- Requires careful reading and understanding.
Context is Key
Always remember that 条款 is used in formal contexts. Associate it with contracts, laws, and official agreements. This will help you distinguish it from more general words for rules.
Formal Language
When discussing 条款, use formal sentence structures and vocabulary. Avoid slang or overly casual language, as it might undermine the seriousness of the discussion.
Break It Down
The word is composed of 条 (item/strip) and 款 (section/item). Think of it as specific 'items' or 'sections' that make up a larger document, like the individual bricks that form a wall.
Real-World Examples
Seek out examples of contracts or terms of service online. Try to identify and understand the different 条款. This practical application will solidify your understanding.
例文
合同上有很多条款。
関連コンテンツ
この単語を他の言語で
workの関連語
充裕的
B2Abundant, ample, or sufficient in quantity.
事故
A2事故または災難。損害や負傷を引き起こす不運な出来事。交通事故は交通事故です。
依照
A2依照は「〜に従って」や「〜に基づいて」という意味です。
准确地
A21. 彼は時間を正確に (准确地) 伝えた。 2. その機械は正確に (准确地) 作動する。
做到
A2やり遂げる; 果たす
积极地
A2積極的に（せっきょくてきに）。彼は積極的に質問に答えます。
应变
B2Adaptive; capable of dealing with emergencies.
行政
A2行政（ぎょうせい）；政治や事務の管理運営。
过后
A2Afterwards; at a later or subsequent time.
赞同
A2賛成する、支持する。考え、提案、行動などに同意したり、支持したりすること。
