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B1 adjective #2,500 よく出る 6分で読める

自信

zìxìn
At the A1 level, '自信' (zìxìn) is a word you might learn to describe a basic feeling or personality trait. It means 'confident.' You can use it in very simple sentences like '我很自信' (I am confident) or '他不自信' (He is not confident). At this stage, you don't need to worry about complex grammar. Just remember that '自信' describes a person. It is like saying 'I am happy' or 'I am tall.' You might see it in simple stories about people who are good at sports or school. The focus is on the basic meaning: believing you can do something. For example, 'I am confident in speaking Chinese' can be simplified to '我说中文很自信.' It is a positive word to know when introducing yourself or others.
At the A2 level, you start to use '自信' with more variety. You can use adverbs of degree like '非常' (fēicháng - very) or '一点儿也不' (yīdiǎnr yě bù - not at all). You might say, '她是一个非常自信的女孩子' (She is a very confident girl). You also begin to see '自信' used as a noun with the verb '有' (yǒu - to have). For example, '他很有自信' (He has a lot of confidence). This level also introduces the idea of 'why' someone is confident. You might say, '因为他学习很好，所以他很自信' (Because he studies well, he is very confident). You are moving from just labeling a feeling to describing a person's character in a slightly more detailed way.
At the B1 level, you should master the specific grammatical structures associated with '自信.' The most important is the '对...自信' structure. For example, '我对这次考试很自信' (I am confident about this exam). This allows you to specify what you are confident about. You will also encounter '自信' in more professional and social contexts, such as job interviews or discussions about personal growth. You should be able to distinguish '自信' (self-confidence) from '信心' (faith/confidence in something). You might hear phrases like '充满自信' (full of confidence) or '缺乏自信' (lack confidence). At this level, '自信' is not just a feeling but a quality that can be developed, lost, or strengthened through experience.
At the B2 level, '自信' is used in more abstract and nuanced ways. You will see it in articles about psychology, leadership, and success. You should understand how '自信' interacts with other traits like '谦虚' (modesty) or '自负' (arrogance). You might encounter complex sentences like '自信不仅是成功的基石，更是面对失败时的勇气' (Confidence is not only the cornerstone of success but also the courage to face failure). You will also learn more formal collocations, such as '建立自信' (to establish confidence) or '增强自信心' (to strengthen one's self-confidence). At this stage, you are expected to use the word in debates or essays to describe the psychological state of characters or historical figures.
At the C1 level, your understanding of '自信' should be deep and multifaceted. You will explore the philosophical and cultural implications of self-confidence in Chinese society. You might analyze how the concept of '自信' has evolved from traditional collective values to modern individualistic expressions. You will encounter the word in sophisticated literature and academic texts, often paired with terms like '文化自信' (cultural confidence) or '道路自信' (confidence in one's path), which are common in political discourse. You should be able to discuss the subtle differences between '自信,' '自尊' (self-esteem), and '自爱' (self-love) in a nuanced way, using advanced sentence structures and formal vocabulary.
At the C2 level, '自信' is a concept you can manipulate with native-like precision. You understand its use in high-level rhetoric, classical allusions, and complex psychological analyses. You can use it to discuss existential themes, such as the relationship between '自信' and the '自我' (the self). You are familiar with how '自信' is portrayed in classical Chinese philosophy versus modern Western-influenced thought. You can use the word in any register, from street slang to the most formal academic or political oratory. You understand the power of '自信' as a rhetorical tool to inspire, persuade, or critique. Your usage reflects a deep integration of the word into your overall mastery of the Chinese language and culture.
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自信 30秒で

  • 自信 (zìxìn) means self-confidence. It is a positive trait where one believes in their own abilities and judgment in various situations.
  • Grammatically, it can be an adjective (很自信) or a noun (有自信). It often uses the '对...自信' structure to show specific confidence.
  • It is different from '信心' (general faith) and '自负' (arrogance). '自信' is almost always used in a positive or neutral-descriptive sense.
  • Commonly heard in workplace, sports, and self-improvement contexts. It is a B1 level word essential for describing personality and feelings.

The term 自信 (zìxìn) is a powerful adjective and noun in Chinese that encapsulates the concept of self-confidence and self-assurance. Etymologically, it is composed of two characters: 自 (zì), meaning 'self,' and 信 (xìn), meaning 'to believe' or 'trust.' Together, they literally translate to 'self-belief.' In a modern context, it describes a state of mind where an individual possesses a firm belief in their own abilities, qualities, and judgment. This isn't just about feeling good; it's about a functional reliance on one's capacity to navigate the world. Unlike 'arrogance' (自负), which implies an inflated sense of self, 自信 is generally viewed as a positive, grounded trait essential for personal development and social success.

Psychological Root
It refers to an internal locus of control where the individual trusts their own decision-making process.
Social Perception
In Chinese culture, while modesty is valued, 自信 is increasingly seen as a vital trait for the modern workforce and leadership.
Grammatical Flexibility
It can function as an adjective (他很自信) or as a noun (他很有自信).

“只有对自己充满自信的人，才能在困难面前不退缩。” (Only those full of self-confidence will not shrink back in the face of difficulties.)

— Common motivational usage in Chinese literature.

To truly understand 自信, one must distinguish it from similar concepts. It is the bridge between potential and action. Without 自信, even the most talented individual may remain stagnant. In the HSK and CEFR frameworks, this word appears at the B1 level because it transitions from basic descriptions of feelings to more abstract character traits. It is frequently paired with intensifiers like '充满' (chōngmǎn - to be full of) or '缺乏' (quēfá - to lack).

“她在舞台上表现得非常自信。” (She performed very confidently on stage.)

Internal vs. External
Internal confidence is '内心自信', while external display is '表现自信'.

Using 自信 correctly requires understanding its role as both a predicative adjective and a noun. In its most common form, it follows the degree adverb '很' (hěn), '非常' (fēicháng), or '特别' (tèbié). For example, '他很自信' (He is very confident). When used as a noun, it often follows the verb '有' (yǒu - to have) or '充满' (chōngmǎn - to be full of), as in '他很有自信' or '他充满了自信'.

“建立自信需要时间和不断的练习。” (Building self-confidence requires time and constant practice.)

Common Collocations
充满自信 (full of confidence), 缺乏自信 (lack confidence), 失去自信 (lose confidence), 建立自信 (build confidence).
Sentence Patterns
[Subject] + 对 [Something/Someone] + 很自信 (Subject is confident about something).

In professional settings, 自信 is a highly sought-after quality. During an interview, you might say, '我对我的专业能力非常自信' (I am very confident in my professional abilities). Note the use of the preposition '对' (duì) to indicate the object of the confidence. This is a crucial grammatical structure for B1 learners to master. You can also use it to describe a person's demeanor: '自信的微笑' (a confident smile) or '自信的步伐' (a confident stride).

“他那自信的样子给面试官留下了深刻的印象。” (His confident manner left a deep impression on the interviewer.)

You will encounter 自信 in a variety of contexts, ranging from casual conversations to formal speeches. In the workplace, managers often encourage their employees to be more '自信' when presenting ideas. In sports, commentators frequently discuss a player's '自信心' (self-confidence level) as a factor in their performance. If a player misses a shot, they might say '他看起来失去了自信' (He looks like he has lost his confidence).

“在职场中，展现出自信是成功的关键。” (In the workplace, showing confidence is the key to success.)

Media & Entertainment
Reality shows and talent competitions often focus on a contestant's journey to find their 自信.
Education
Teachers use it to praise students: '你回答问题时越来越自信了' (You are becoming more confident when answering questions).

Social media is another place where 自信 is frequently discussed, particularly in the context of 'body positivity' or 'self-love' (自爱). Phrases like '自信的女人最美丽' (Confident women are the most beautiful) are common slogans. In psychological podcasts or self-help books, you'll hear deep dives into how to '培养自信' (cultivate confidence) and overcome '自卑' (zìbēi - low self-esteem).

“这种自信源于他多年的刻苦努力。” (This confidence stems from his years of hard work.)

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing 自信 (zìxìn) with 信心 (xìnxīn). While they both relate to confidence, '自信' is 'self-confidence' (belief in oneself), whereas '信心' is 'faith' or 'confidence' in something or someone else, or a general sense of optimism. For example, you have '信心' that a project will succeed, but you are a '自信' person.

Mistake 1: Confusing Noun/Adj
Saying '我很信心' (Incorrect) instead of '我很自信' (Correct) or '我很有信心' (Correct, but means 'I have confidence [in something]').
Mistake 2: Over-reliance on 'Believe'
Learners often say '我相信我' when they mean 'I am confident.' Use '我很自信' for a more natural expression of character.

“错误：他是一个很信心的人。正确：他是一个很自信的人。”

Another common error is the confusion between 自信 and 自负 (zìfù). 自负 means 'conceited' or 'arrogant.' If you describe someone as '太自信了' (too confident) in a critical way, you might actually mean they are '自负.' However, in Chinese, '自信' is almost always positive. Using it to describe someone who is annoyingly cocky might not convey the negative nuance you intend unless the context is very clear.

Understanding the synonyms and related terms for 自信 helps in fine-tuning your expression. The most closely related word is 信心 (xìnxīn). As discussed, 信心 is more about the 'feeling' of confidence or 'faith' in a result. Another related term is 自豪 (zìháo), which means 'proud' (in a good way). While 自信 is about capability, 自豪 is about achievement.

“他为自己的成就感到自豪，这让他更加自信。” (He feels proud of his achievements, which makes him more confident.)

果断 (guǒduàn)
Decisive. A confident person is often '果断' in their actions.
淡定 (dàndìng)
Calm/unperturbed. This is a modern slang-adjacent term for someone whose confidence makes them appear very cool and collected.

On the opposite side, we have 自卑 (zìbēi), meaning 'low self-esteem' or 'feeling inferior.' This is the direct antonym of 自信. In literature, you often see the struggle between 自信 and 自卑. Another word is 犹豫 (yóuyù), meaning 'hesitant,' which is what happens when one lacks 自信. Mastering these distinctions allows for more nuanced descriptions of personality and emotional states.

How Formal Is It?

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知っておくべき文法

レベル別の例文

1

我很自信。

I am very confident.

Subject + Adverb + Adjective

2

他不自信。

He is not confident.

Negative '不' before the adjective

3

你自信吗？

Are you confident?

Question with '吗'

4

老师很自信。

The teacher is very confident.

Simple description

5

我们要自信。

We need to be confident.

Modal verb '要' + adjective

6

自信的人很美。

Confident people are beautiful.

Adjective + 的 + Noun

7

他说话很自信。

He speaks very confidently.

Verb + 得 + Adverb + Adjective

8

我变自信了。

I have become confident.

Change of state with '了'

1

她是一个自信的孩子。

She is a confident child.

Attributive use with '的'

2

他比以前更自信了。

He is more confident than before.

Comparison with '比'

3

多练习会让你更自信。

More practice will make you more confident.

Cause and effect

4

他很有自信地走上台。

He walked onto the stage very confidently.

Adverbial use with '地'

5

我觉得你非常自信。

I think you are very confident.

Expressing an opinion with '觉得'

6

自信对成功很重要。

Confidence is very important for success.

A 对 B 很重要 structure

7

她笑得非常自信。

She smiles very confidently.

Complement of degree

8

你不应该不自信。

You shouldn't be unconfident.

Double negative for emphasis

1

我对自己的英语水平很自信。

I am very confident in my English level.

对...自信 structure

2

他充满了自信，准备参加面试。

He is full of confidence, ready for the interview.

充满 + 自信

3

通过努力，他建立起了自信。

Through hard work, he built up his confidence.

建立起 + 自信

4

缺乏自信会影响你的表现。

Lacking confidence will affect your performance.

缺乏 + 自信

5

她那自信的眼神让我印象深刻。

Her confident gaze left a deep impression on me.

Descriptive adjective

6

自信是克服困难的第一步。

Confidence is the first step to overcoming difficulties.

Abstract noun usage

7

他总是表现得那么自信。

He always behaves so confidently.

表现得 + Adjective

8

我们需要培养孩子的自信心。

We need to cultivate children's self-confidence.

培养 + 自信心

1

自信源于对自身实力的清晰认识。

Confidence stems from a clear understanding of one's own strength.

源于 (stems from)

2

过度的自信有时会演变成自负。

Excessive confidence can sometimes turn into arrogance.

演变成 (evolve into)

3

他在压力下依然保持着自信。

He remained confident even under pressure.

依然保持 (still maintain)

4

这种自信并非盲目，而是建立在经验之上。

This confidence is not blind, but built on experience.

并非...而是... (not... but...)

5

他以自信的姿态迎接每一个挑战。

He meets every challenge with a confident posture.

以...姿态 (with a ... posture)

6

失去自信比失去金钱更可怕。

Losing confidence is scarier than losing money.

Comparison of abstract concepts

7

她的演讲充满了感染力和自信。

Her speech was full of charisma and confidence.

Parallel nouns

8

我们要增强民族自信心。

We must strengthen our national self-confidence.

Political/Social context

1

自信是人格魅力的核心要素之一。

Confidence is one of the core elements of personal charisma.

Formal definition

2

他那种由内而外散发出的自信令人折服。

The confidence he radiates from within is admirable.

由内而外 (from the inside out)

3

在挫折面前，保持自信显得尤为重要。

In the face of setbacks, maintaining confidence is particularly important.

尤为重要 (particularly important)

4

这种文化自信根植于深厚的历史底蕴。

This cultural confidence is rooted in a profound historical background.

根植于 (rooted in)

5

他通过不断的自我肯定来重塑自信。

He reshapes his confidence through constant self-affirmation.

重塑 (reshape)

6

自信与谦虚并不矛盾，而是相辅相成的。

Confidence and modesty are not contradictory, but complementary.

相辅相成 (complement each other)

7

缺乏自信往往会导致错失良机。

A lack of confidence often leads to missed opportunities.

导致 (lead to)

8

他以一种近乎偏执的自信追求着他的梦想。

He pursues his dreams with a confidence that borders on paranoia.

近乎 (bordering on)

1

自信的本质是对生命价值的深度认同。

The essence of confidence is a deep identification with the value of life.

Philosophical statement

2

他在辩论中展现出的自信，实际上是对逻辑的极致掌控。

The confidence he showed in the debate was actually an ultimate mastery of logic.

Nuanced analysis

3

这种自信并非源于外界的赞美，而是内心的笃定。

This confidence does not stem from external praise, but from internal certainty.

笃定 (certainty/steadfastness)

4

在全球化的浪潮中，我们需要构建更加开放的自信。

In the wave of globalization, we need to build a more open confidence.

Sociopolitical rhetoric

5

他的文字中透着一种不容置疑的自信。

There is an unquestionable confidence in his writing.

不容置疑 (unquestionable)

6

真正的自信往往是沉默而有力量的。

True confidence is often silent and powerful.

Oxymoronic description

7

他的一生都在自信与自疑的博弈中度过。

He spent his whole life in the game between confidence and self-doubt.

博弈 (game/struggle)

8

这种自信是历经沧桑后的豁达与从容。

This confidence is the open-mindedness and composure after going through many changes.

历经沧桑 (gone through many changes)

よく使う組み合わせ

充满自信
缺乏自信
建立自信
失去自信
增强自信
表现自信
高度自信
盲目自信
民族自信
文化自信

よく使うフレーズ

自信心

自信满满

自信十足

自信的微笑

自信的步伐

找回自信

极度自信

不自信

自我自信

自信表现

よく混同される語

自信 vs 信心

自信 vs 相信

自信 vs 自负

慣用句と表現

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間違えやすい

自信 vs 信心

General confidence or faith in something.

自信 vs 自负

Arrogance; negative connotation.

自信 vs 自豪

Pride in an achievement.

自信 vs 自尊

Self-respect.

自信 vs 相信

Verb: to believe.

文型パターン

語族

関連

使い方

tone

Usually positive.

vs xin xin

自信 is self-oriented; 信心 is target-oriented.

よくある間違い

  • 信心 is a noun and cannot be directly modified by '很' as an adjective.

  • 自信 requires the preposition '对' to link to an object.

  • While '太自信' can imply arrogance, '自负' is the specific word for it.

  • '我相信自己' is a specific action; '我很自信' describes a personality trait.

  • Ensure all three characters are distinct.

ヒント

The '对' Structure

Always use '对' when specifying the object of your confidence. For example: '对考试自信'.

Pairing with 充满

To sound more advanced, use '充满自信' (chōngmǎn zìxìn) instead of just '很自信'.

Modesty Balance

In China, it's good to be confident but avoid sounding '自大' (zìdà - conceited).

Sharp Tones

Make sure to emphasize the falling tones to sound more 'confident' yourself!

Describing People

Use '自信的' as an adjective before nouns like '微笑' (smile) or '态度' (attitude).

Context Clues

If you hear '缺乏' (quēfá), it almost always means the person 'lacks' confidence.

Self-Correction

If you say '我相信我', correct it to '我很自信' for better natural flow.

Idiom usage

Use '信心百倍' when you want to say you are 100% confident.

Encouragement

Tell your friends '要自信一点' (Be a bit more confident) to encourage them.

Character Logic

Remember: Self (自) + Believe (信) = Self-confidence.

暗記しよう

語源

文化的な背景

Commonly used in 'Chicken Soup for the Soul' style Chinese social media.

The balance between 谦虚 (modesty) and 自信 is a key social skill.

実生活で練習する

実際の使用場面

会話のきっかけ

"你觉得自己是一个自信的人吗？"

"在什么情况下你最自信？"

"如何才能建立自信？"

"你觉得自信和自负的区别是什么？"

"自信对你的工作有帮助吗？"

日記のテーマ

写一件让你感到自信的事情。

当你失去自信时，你会做什么？

描述一个你认为非常自信的人。

自信是如何改变你的生活的？

你认为自信是天生的还是后天培养的？

よくある質問

10 問

It can be both. As an adjective: 他很自信. As a noun: 他很有自信.

No, that is incorrect. You should say 我相信你 (I believe you) or 我对你有信心 (I have confidence in you).

The most direct antonym is 自卑 (zìbēi), which means low self-esteem or feeling inferior.

Generally, yes. However, '盲目自信' (blind confidence) can be negative.

You can say '建立自信' (jiànlì zìxìn) or '培养自信' (péiyǎng zìxìn).

自信 is specifically about yourself. 信心 is confidence in anything (a plan, a person, the future).

Yes, you can say '这个团队很自信' (This team is very confident).

Both 自 (zì) and 信 (xìn) are 4th tone (falling).

Say: '我对我的专业能力非常自信' (I am very confident in my professional skills).

No, it only describes people or groups of people.

自分をテスト 180 問

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

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