The word '交代' centers on the transfer of responsibility and providing a necessary account of facts.
30秒でわかる単語
- To hand over duties or tasks to a successor officially.
- To explain or account for one's actions or a situation.
- To confess or admit wrongdoings in a legal context.
Overview
- 1概述：‘交代’是一个多义词，其核心在于‘责任或信息的传递’。它既可以用于正式的工作交接，也可以用于日常生活中对某事的解释。2) 用法模式：常见结构包括‘交代工作’、‘向某人交代’、‘交代清楚’。当作为‘解释’使用时，常带有‘对结果负责’的意味。3) 常见语境：在职场中，指离职或调动时的任务移交；在生活中，指把事情的来龙去脉说清楚以让人放心；在法律语境下，指坦白罪行。4) 近义词辨析：与‘嘱咐’相比，‘交代’更强调任务的完整性和正式性；与‘解释’相比，‘交代’往往暗示说话者有一定的责任或义务去说明情况；与‘移交’相比，‘交代’不仅包含实物的转移，更包含细节的说明。
例文
经理走之前交代我，一定要准时提交报告。
everydayThe manager instructed me before leaving that I must submit the report on time.
这件事情你必须给公司一个明确的交代。
formalYou must give the company a clear account of this matter.
他终于交代了事情的真相。
informalHe finally confessed the truth of the matter.
本文将对实验背景进行详细交代。
academicThis paper will provide a detailed account of the experimental background.
よく使う組み合わせ
よく使うフレーズ
有个交代
to have an account/explanation
交代后事
to make final arrangements (before death)
よく混同される語
'嘱咐' is more about caring reminders (e.g., from parents), while '交代' is more about formal instructions or handover.
'解释' is a general explanation of reasons; '交代' implies a responsibility to provide that explanation.
文法パターン
How to Use It
使い方のコツ
In a professional setting, '交代' is neutral and essential for workflow. In a social context, failing to '交代' (give an account) can be seen as irresponsible. The tone becomes much harsher in legal contexts where it implies confession.
よくある間違い
Learners often use '解释' (explain) when they should use '交代' for a formal handover. Also, avoid using '交代' as a simple synonym for 'tell' (告诉) in casual chatting.
Tips
Focus on the transfer of responsibility
Use '交代' when you are handing off a baton, whether it is a physical task or a piece of vital information.
Watch out for the 'Confess' nuance
In serious or legal contexts, '交代' can imply admitting to a mistake, so use it carefully to avoid unintended accusations.
Accountability in Chinese social relations
Having an 'account' (交代) is crucial in Chinese culture to maintain trust and fulfill one's duty to superiors or family.
語源
The character '交' means to exchange or hand over, and '代' means to replace or a generation. Together, it originally meant passing things down to the next person.
文化的な背景
The concept of '给个交代' (give an account) is deeply rooted in Chinese social ethics, representing one's integrity and sense of responsibility toward others.
覚え方のコツ
Think of '交' (jiāo) as 'handing over' and '代' (dài) as 'acting on behalf of'. You are handing over the info so someone else can act on it.
よくある質問
4 問“交代”侧重于任务的移交和说明，语气较正式或中性；“嘱咐”则侧重于长辈或上级对下级的叮咛，包含关怀的感情色彩。
“交接”更强调双方对接的过程，而“交代”侧重于前任对后任详细说明工作细节和注意事项。
这是一种常用表达，指事情没办好，无法向给予任务的人或期待结果的人给出合理的解释或交代。
可以。在警方审讯中，“交代问题”意为坦白罪行或说明案情。
自分をテスト
他在离开公司前，把手头的工作都___给了新来的同事。
此处指移交工作任务，使用“交代”最准确。
根据上下文判断意思：
在警察和犯罪背景下，“交代”指坦白罪行。
清楚 / 任务 / 必须 / 把 / 你 / 交代
这是标准的“把”字句结构：主语 + 把 + 宾语 + 动词 + 补语。
スコア： /3
Summary
The word '交代' centers on the transfer of responsibility and providing a necessary account of facts.
- To hand over duties or tasks to a successor officially.
- To explain or account for one's actions or a situation.
- To confess or admit wrongdoings in a legal context.
Focus on the transfer of responsibility
Use '交代' when you are handing off a baton, whether it is a physical task or a piece of vital information.
Watch out for the 'Confess' nuance
In serious or legal contexts, '交代' can imply admitting to a mistake, so use it carefully to avoid unintended accusations.
Accountability in Chinese social relations
Having an 'account' (交代) is crucial in Chinese culture to maintain trust and fulfill one's duty to superiors or family.
例文
4 / 4经理走之前交代我，一定要准时提交报告。
The manager instructed me before leaving that I must submit the report on time.
这件事情你必须给公司一个明确的交代。
You must give the company a clear account of this matter.
他终于交代了事情的真相。
He finally confessed the truth of the matter.
本文将对实验背景进行详细交代。
This paper will provide a detailed account of the experimental background.
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