Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use the Pretérito to describe actions that happened at a specific point in time and are now finished.
- Use for actions that started and ended at a specific time: 'Ayer comí pizza.'
- Use for a sequence of completed events: 'Llegué, vi y vencí.'
- Use for actions that interrupt an ongoing state: 'Estudiaba cuando sonó el teléfono.'
Overview
pretérito는 이야기를 들려주기 위한 최고의 도구입니다.How This Grammar Works
pretérito는 한 프레임의 특정 스냅샷과 같습니다. 동작이 얼마나 오래 지속되었는지는 중요하지 않고, 그 동작이 일어났고 이제 끝났다는 사실만이 중요합니다.
Formation Pattern
pretérito 동사 변화는 요리 준비와 비슷합니다. 어미를 자르고 새로운 어미를 넣으면 됩니다.
When To Use It
pretérito를 사용합니다. ayer (어제) 또는 anoche (어젯밤)와 같은 단어와 자주 쓰입니다.
Common Mistakes
hablo는 «나는 말한다»이지만, habló는 «그/그녀는 말했다»입니다. 액센트를 빼먹는 것은 큰 실수입니다.Contrast With Similar Patterns
I spoke와 가장 유사합니다. ayer와 같은 명확한 과거 시점 표시가 있다면 반드시 pretérito를 사용해야 합니다.Quick FAQ
yo와 él/ella 형태에는 반드시 필요합니다.Regular Pretérito Conjugation
| Pronoun | -AR (Hablar) | -ER (Comer) | -IR (Vivir) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Yo
|
hablé
|
comí
|
viví
|
|
Tú
|
hablaste
|
comiste
|
viviste
|
|
Él/Ella/Ud.
|
habló
|
comió
|
vivió
|
|
Nosotros
|
hablamos
|
comimos
|
vivimos
|
|
Vosotros
|
hablasteis
|
comisteis
|
vivisteis
|
|
Ellos/Ellas/Uds.
|
hablaron
|
comieron
|
vivieron
|
Meanings
The Pretérito Indefinido is used to express actions that were completed in the past at a specific moment or within a defined period.
Completed Action
An action that occurred once and finished.
“Hablé con mi jefe.”
“Comí una manzana.”
Sequence of Events
A series of actions that happened one after another.
“Entré, me senté y pedí un café.”
“Me levanté, me vestí y salí.”
Specific Timeframe
Actions occurring within a bounded duration.
“Viví en México tres años.”
“Estuve allí toda la tarde.”
Reference Table
| 주어 | -AR (말하다) | -ER (먹다) | -IR (살다) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Yo
|
hablé
|
comí
|
viví
|
|
Tú
|
hablaste
|
comiste
|
viviste
|
|
Él/Ella/Ud.
|
habló
|
comió
|
vivió
|
|
Nosotros/as
|
hablamos
|
comimos
|
vivimos
|
|
Vosotros/as
|
hablasteis
|
comisteis
|
vivisteis
|
|
Ellos/as/Uds.
|
hablaron
|
comieron
|
vivieron
|
격식 수준 스펙트럼
Acudí al establecimiento. (Daily activity)
Fui a la tienda. (Daily activity)
Me pasé por la tienda. (Daily activity)
Me lancé a la tienda. (Daily activity)
Pretérito를 언제 사용하나요?
시간 표시
- ayer 어제
- anoche 어젯밤
- la semana pasada 지난주
행동 유형
- Terminado 완료된
- Único 한 번의
-AR vs -ER/-IR 어미
올바른 어미 선택하기
규칙 동사인가요?
-AR로 끝나나요?
불규칙 그룹
쌍둥이
- • ir (가다)
- • ser (이다)
U-어간
- • tener (tuv-)
- • estar (estuv-)
- • poder (pud-)
I-어간
- • hacer (hic-)
- • venir (vin-)
- • querer (quis-)
수준별 예문
Ayer estudié español.
Yesterday I studied Spanish.
Comí pizza.
I ate pizza.
Hablé con mi madre.
I spoke with my mother.
Viajé a México.
I traveled to Mexico.
¿Comiste en el restaurante?
Did you eat at the restaurant?
No hablé con nadie.
I didn't speak with anyone.
El año pasado fui a París.
Last year I went to Paris.
Ella compró un coche.
She bought a car.
Hice mi tarea cuando llegué a casa.
I did my homework when I arrived home.
Tuvimos una reunión muy larga.
We had a very long meeting.
Dijeron que vendrían pronto.
They said they would come soon.
Pude terminar el proyecto a tiempo.
I was able to finish the project on time.
Cuando entré en la habitación, todos se callaron.
When I entered the room, everyone went silent.
Aunque intenté convencerlo, no quiso escuchar.
Although I tried to convince him, he didn't want to listen.
Ese día, el sol brilló como nunca.
That day, the sun shone like never before.
Me di cuenta de que había perdido las llaves.
I realized that I had lost the keys.
Tras haber analizado los datos, concluimos que el proyecto era viable.
After having analyzed the data, we concluded the project was viable.
Fue entonces cuando comprendí la magnitud del problema.
It was then that I understood the magnitude of the problem.
A pesar de las dificultades, persistimos hasta el final.
Despite the difficulties, we persisted until the end.
El autor escribió su obra maestra en un momento de crisis personal.
The author wrote his masterpiece in a moment of personal crisis.
Jamás olvidaré aquel instante en el que todo cambió.
I will never forget that moment in which everything changed.
La decisión se tomó de manera unánime tras largas deliberaciones.
The decision was taken unanimously after long deliberations.
Hubo un tiempo en el que estas tierras fueron fértiles.
There was a time when these lands were fertile.
No solo aceptó el reto, sino que lo superó con creces.
He not only accepted the challenge, but surpassed it by far.
혼동하기 쉬운
Both refer to the past.
Both can translate to English past.
Both have accents.
자주 하는 실수
Yo hablo ayer.
Yo hablé ayer.
Él hablo.
Él habló.
Nosotros hablamos (yesterday).
Nosotros hablamos (yesterday).
Yo comí ayer.
Yo comí ayer.
Yo fui a la tienda y era divertido.
Yo fui a la tienda y fue divertido.
Yo hací mi tarea.
Yo hice mi tarea.
Ellos comieron ayer.
Ellos comieron ayer.
Cuando yo era niño, fui a la playa cada verano.
Cuando yo era niño, iba a la playa cada verano.
Él dijo que viene.
Él dijo que venía.
Yo supe la verdad en ese momento.
Yo supe la verdad en ese momento.
La decisión fue tomada por nosotros.
Tomamos la decisión.
Él ha comido ayer.
Él comió ayer.
Hubieron muchos problemas.
Hubo muchos problemas.
문장 패턴
Ayer ___ (verb) a las ___.
Cuando ___ (subject) ___ (verb), yo ___ (verb).
No ___ (verb) porque ___ (verb).
___ (time) ___ (verb) la mejor decisión.
Real World Usage
¡Ayer fui al cine!
Trabajé en esa empresa.
Compré el boleto.
Pedí pizza.
Hoy visité el museo.
El estudio demostró...
악센트가 중요해요!
Él habló con su jefe.(그는 상사와 이야기했다)
한 번에 끝난 일
Ayer fui al cine.(어제 영화관에 갔어요)
스페인 vs 라틴 아메리카
Comí paella en España.(스페인에서 빠에야를 먹었어요)
Smart Tips
Use a list of Pretérito verbs to show progression.
Start with a time marker like 'Ayer'.
Ask: 'Is it finished?' If yes, use Pretérito.
Use the Pretérito to state facts clearly.
발음
Accent marks
The accent on the final syllable indicates stress.
Statement
Ayer comí pizza ↘
Falling intonation for facts.
암기하기
기억법
Pretérito is a 'Point' in time. Think of a 'P' for Point and 'P' for Pretérito.
시각적 연상
Imagine a camera taking a single photo. That photo is a completed action.
Rhyme
When the action is done and the time is set, use the Pretérito, don't you forget!
Story
Yesterday, I walked to the store. I bought bread. I paid the cashier. I went home.
Word Web
챌린지
Write 5 sentences about what you did yesterday in 5 minutes.
문화 노트
The Pretérito is used heavily for recent past actions.
Pretérito is preferred even for very recent actions.
The Pretérito is standard for all completed past events.
Derived from Latin perfectum.
대화 시작하기
¿Qué hiciste el fin de semana?
¿A dónde viajaste el año pasado?
¿Cuál fue tu mejor experiencia en la universidad?
¿Qué decisión cambió tu vida?
일기 주제
자주 하는 실수
Test Yourself
Ayer yo (comer) _______ una hamburguesa deliciosa.
올바른 번역을 고르세요:
Find and fix the mistake:
Mis amigos bailasteis mucho en la fiesta anoche.
Score: /3
연습 문제
8 exercisesYo ___ (hablar) ayer.
Ellos ___ (comer) pizza.
Find and fix the mistake:
Él hablo con ella.
ayer / fui / yo / cine / al
I ate an apple.
Nosotros ___ en Madrid.
Hice / Hicieron
A: ¿Qué hiciste? B: ___.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
10 exercisesNosotros (vivir) _______ en Madrid por dos años.
Yo no fui al gimnasio anoche.
ayer / yo / compró / no / nada
Translate: She worked yesterday.
올바른 것을 고르세요:
올바르게 짝지으세요:
Tú (ver) _______ la nueva película de Marvel.
Él hablo muy bien español.
anoche / pizza / comieron / ellos
Translate: I traveled last month.
Score: /10
자주 묻는 질문 (8)
It's a quirk of Spanish grammar. Use context to tell them apart.
Pretérito for completed actions, Imperfecto for background.
No, many common verbs like ser, ir, and hacer are irregular.
Yes, they change the meaning and are grammatically required.
No, use the Imperfecto for habits.
Yes, it is the standard tense for historical narratives.
If the action is completed, you can still use the Pretérito.
Write about your day or tell a story to a friend.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Passé simple
French uses Passé Composé for speech, Passé Simple for literature.
Präteritum
German uses Perfekt for spoken language.
Ta-form
Japanese doesn't conjugate for person.
Past tense
Arabic past tense is more aspectually flexible.
Le particle
Chinese verbs do not conjugate.
Simple Past
English doesn't distinguish between Pretérito and Imperfecto.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
Learn These First
관련 동영상
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