B1 · 중급 챕터 9

The Power of Influence: Causative Verbs

4 총 규칙
35 예문
6 분
이 챕터의 규칙 빠른 연습

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of delegation and influence by transforming simple actions into causative powers.

  • Apply the 'ne' particle correctly with transitive causative verbs.
  • Construct First Causative verbs to show direct influence over others.
  • Utilize Second Causative verbs to describe delegating tasks to third parties.
Don't just do it—get it done!

배울 내용

Hey friend! Ready to sound like someone who truly gets things done? This chapter moves you beyond just doing tasks yourself, to "getting them done with others' help or even delegating completely." Think about it: you want a haircut. You don't cut it yourself; you say,

The barber cuts my hair.
Need a new dress?
The tailor sews it for me.
This is precisely where Hindi causative verbs become essential! You'll learn to transform simple verbs (like 'to eat', 'to read') into forms showing you *caused* an action. We'll explore two types: The First Causative is for when you directly make someone do something (e.g., using suffixes like «-ā» or «-ānā»). You'll be able to say,
I made him eat.
The Second Causative is for when you arrange for someone else to perform an action, often involving a third party (with suffixes like «-vā» or -vanā). For example,
Have this food delivered to so-and-so.
By chapter's end, your Hindi will be more natural and precise. You'll make smoother requests, delegate tasks, and narrate situations where you influence outcomes without being the direct doer. Let's boost your linguistic power!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to conjugate any standard verb into its first and second causative forms.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to correctly use the 'ne' particle in past tense sentences involving causative actions.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to explain the difference between doing a task yourself versus having it done by someone else.

챕터 가이드

Overview

Hey friend! Welcome to the
Power of Influence: Causative Verbs
chapter, a crucial step in mastering Hindi grammar B1. This section is all about transforming your ability to express actions from merely doing to getting things done or
making others do them.
As you advance in B1 Hindi, you'll find that native speakers frequently use these structures to describe situations where they influence outcomes without directly performing the action themselves.
Think about everyday scenarios: you don't cut your own hair; you get the barber to cut it. You don't always cook a meal; you might have someone else prepare it.
This chapter unlocks a new level of fluency, helping you sound more natural and precise. We'll delve into the fascinating world of Hindi causative verbs, which allow you to indicate that you *caused* an action to happen. This skill is vital for making requests, delegating tasks, and narrating events where your influence is key.
By the end, you'll be confidently using these powerful verbs, making your Hindi conversations much richer and more authentic. Get ready to boost your linguistic power and truly get things done in Hindi!

How This Grammar Works

Hindi causative verbs are formed by modifying a simple verb (like खाना - khānā, to eat) to show that someone is causing the action. There are generally two types, often distinguished by the degree of directness in the causation.
The First Causative: Making Someone Do
This form is used when you directly make someone perform an action. It's like saying
I make him eat.
The rule topics
Hindi First Causative: Making Someone Do (-aa)
and
Hindi First Causative Verbs: Making Things Happen (-ānā)
refer to this.
Often, the root of the simple verb changes by adding an -ā sound, and then the infinitive suffix -nā is added.
* Simple Verb: पढ़ना (paṛhnā - to read)
* First Causative: पढ़ाना (paṛhānā - to teach, to make someone read).
* Example: मैं बच्चे को पढ़ाता हूँ। (Main bacche ko paṛhātā hū̃. - I make the child read/I teach the child.)
* Simple Verb: उठना (uṭhnā - to get up)
* First Causative: उठाना (uṭhānā - to make someone get up).
* Example: माँ बच्चे को उठाती है। (Mā̃ bacche ko uṭhātī hai. - Mother makes the child get up.)
The Second Causative: Getting Things Done
This form is used when you arrange for someone else to perform an action, often implying a third party or a more indirect cause. It's like saying
I get someone to make him eat
or
I get it done.
The rule topics
Getting Things Done: Second Causative Verbs (-vana)
and "The 'Get It Done' Verbs (Second Causative)
describe this. The prompt also highlights
Hindi Causative Verbs: Making Things Happen (karānā, karvānā)", with करवाना being a prime example of the second causative.
Here, the root of the First Causative verb often changes by adding a -vā sound, then the infinitive suffix -nā is added.
* Simple Verb: पढ़ना (paṛhnā - to read)
* First Causative: पढ़ाना (paṛhānā - to teach)
* Second Causative: पढ़वाना (paṛhvānā - to get someone to teach).
* Example: मैंने बच्चे को शिक्षक से पढ़वाया। (Maine bacche ko shikshak se paṛhvāyā. - I got the child taught by the teacher.)
* Simple Verb: करना (karnā - to do)
* First Causative: कराना (karānā - to make someone do)
* Second Causative: करवाना (karvānā - to get something done by someone else).
* Example: मैं अपना घर नौकर से साफ़ करवाता हूँ। (Main apnā ghar naukar se sāf karvātā hū̃. - I get my house cleaned by the servant.)
By understanding the suffixes -ānā (for First Causative) and -vanā (for Second Causative), you'll be able to transform simple verbs and express a broader range of actions, a key skill for B1 Hindi learners.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: मैं खाना खाता हूँ। (Main khānā khātā hū̃. - I eat food.)
✓ Correct: मैं बच्चे को खाना खिलाता हूँ। (Main bacche ko khānā khilātā hū̃. - I make the child eat food.)
*Explanation:* The first sentence implies *you* are eating. If you want to say you are *feeding* someone (making them eat), you need the First Causative form खिलाना (khilānā), not the simple verb खाना (khānā).
  1. 1✗ Wrong: मैंने अपना पत्र लिखा। (Maine apnā patra likhā. - I wrote my letter.)
✓ Correct: मैंने अपना पत्र उससे लिखवाया। (Maine apnā patra usse likhvāyā. - I got my letter written by him/her.)
*Explanation:* The wrong sentence implies you wrote the letter yourself. If you arranged for someone else to write it for you, the Second Causative लिखवाना (likhvānā - to get something written) is necessary. This shows indirect causation.

Real Conversations

A

A

तुम्हारी कार कब ठीक होगी? (Tumhārī kār kab ṭhīk hogī? - When will your car be fixed?)
B

B

मैं उसे आज मैकेनिक से ठीक करवा रहा हूँ। (Main use āj mechanic se ṭhīk karvā rahā hū̃. - I am getting it fixed by the mechanic today.)
A

A

तुमने बच्चों को यह कहानी क्यों पढ़ाई? (Tumne bachchoṅ ko yah kahānī kyoṅ paṛhāī? - Why did you teach the children this story?)
B

B

यह उनके पाठ्यक्रम में है। (Yah unke pāṭhyakram meṅ hai. - It's in their syllabus.)
A

A

क्या तुम यह काम खुद करोगे? (Kyā tum yah kām khud karoge? - Will you do this work yourself?)
B

B

नहीं, मैं अपने सहायक से करवाऊँगा। (Nahīṅ, main apne sahāyak se karvāūṅgā. - No, I will get it done by my assistant.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the main difference between First and Second Causative verbs in Hindi grammar for a B1 Hindi learner?

The First Causative (e.g., पढ़ाना - paṛhānā) means you directly make someone do an action. The Second Causative (e.g., पढ़वाना - paṛhvānā) means you arrange for someone else to perform the action, often involving a third party, implying more indirect involvement.

Q

Can all Hindi verbs be made causative?

While many verbs can be made causative, not all can. Intransitive verbs (verbs without a direct object, like सोना - sonā, to sleep) are often made causative. Transitive verbs (verbs with a direct object, like खाना - khānā, to eat) can also form causatives, but the resulting causative verb will have an additional object or agent.

Q

Are causative verbs common in everyday B1 Hindi conversations?

Absolutely! Causative verbs are very common and essential for expressing a wide range of actions, particularly when delegating tasks, giving instructions, or describing situations where you influence others. Mastering them will significantly improve your fluency and naturalness in Hindi conversations.

Cultural Context

In Hindi-speaking cultures, using causative verbs often reflects a polite way of delegating or requesting tasks, especially in formal or hierarchical settings. It's common to hear phrases like
मैंने अपना काम नौकर से करवाया
(I got my work done by the servant) rather than always stating one

주요 예문 (4)

1

मैं बाल कटवा रहा हूँ।

저 머리 자르고 있어요.

힌디어 사동사: 남에게 시키기 (-ā & -vā)
2

क्या तुम मेरी फोटो खिंचवा दोगे?

제 사진 좀 찍어주실 수 있나요?

힌디어 사동사: 남에게 시키기 (-ā & -vā)
3

Maa bachhe ko khaana khilaati hai.

엄마가 아이에게 밥을 먹여요.

힌디어 제1 사동사: 누군가에게 시키기 (-aa)
4

Mujhe apni nayi photo dikhao.

나한테 네 새 사진 좀 보여줘.

힌디어 제1 사동사: 누군가에게 시키기 (-aa)

팁과 요령 (3)

💡

모음 줄이기 대작전

-ā나 -vā를 붙일 때 뿌리 동사의 긴 모음은 보통 짧아져요. 'Jīt'(이기다)이 'jitānā'(이기게 하다)가 되는 식이죠:
Humne apni team ko jitāyā.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 힌디어 사동사: 남에게 시키기 (-ā & -vā)
⚠️

'Ne' 조사 잊지 마세요

제1 사동사는 항상 타동사예요. 그래서 과거 시제에서 주어 뒤에 'ne'를 꼭 붙여야 한답니다: Maine use dikhaaya.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 힌디어 제1 사동사: 누군가에게 시키기 (-aa)
🎯

'V' 소리가 들리면 보스 모드!

동사 끝부분에서 'V' 소리(Kar-Va-na)가 들린다면 누군가에게 지시하고 있다는 강력한 신호예요:
Main kamra saaf karvata hoon.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 남에게 일 시키기: 제2 사동사 (-vana)

핵심 어휘 (7)

करना (karna) to do कराना (karana) to cause to do / to make happen करवाना (karvana) to have (something) done by someone बनाना (banana) to make / to build बनवाना (banvana) to have (something) built सिखाना (sikhaana) to teach (causative of 'to learn') दर्जी (darzi) tailor

Real-World Preview

scissors

At the Tailor Shop

book-open

Teaching a Friend

Review Summary

  • [Subject] + ने + [Object] + [Verb agreeing with Object]
  • Root + आ (aa) / आना (aana)
  • Root + वा (vaa) / वाना (vaana)

자주 하는 실수

Because 'khilana' is a causative (transitive) verb, the subject must take 'ne' in the past tense.

Wrong: मैं दोस्त को खाना खिलाया (main dost ko khana khilaya)
정답: मैंने दोस्त को खाना खिलाया (maine dost ko khana khilaya)

Use the -vaa form when you are the instigator but someone else (like a cleaner) is the actual doer.

Wrong: मैंने घर साफ़ कराया (maine ghar saaf karaya) [when meaning a professional did it]
정답: मैंने घर साफ़ करवाया (maine ghar saaf karvaya)

Pronouns change form when 'ne' is added (voh + ne = usne).

Wrong: वह मुझको सिखाया (vah mujhko sikhaya)
정답: उसने मुझे सिखाया (usne mujhe sikhaya)

Next Steps

You've just unlocked a major level of Hindi fluency. Being able to delegate and influence is a key B1 skill. Keep practicing those suffixes!

Look at objects around your room and say who you 'had them made' by (tailor, carpenter, etc.)

Continue to: Focusing on the Action: Passive Voice

빠른 연습 (10)

문법 오류를 고쳐보세요.

Maine mechanic ko car banvāyā.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Maine mechanic se car banvāyī.
사동사 문장에서 실제로 일을 하는 사람 뒤에는 'se'를 붙여야 하고, 과거형 동사는 목적어(car - 여성)에 성수 일치를 시켜야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 힌디어 사동사: 남에게 시키기 (-ā & -vā)

Choose the correct sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Maine khaya
Maine is the correct form.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: The Ergative ने in Depth: Agreement Rules in Perfective Tenses

'parhnaa'의 올바른 제1 사동사 형태를 넣어 문장을 완성하세요.

क्या तुम मुझे हिंदी ___ सकते हो? (나에게 힌디어를 가르쳐줄 수 있니?)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: पढ़ा
'Parhaanaa'는 'parhnaa'의 사동사로 '가르치다'라는 뜻입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 힌디어 제1 사동사: 누군가에게 시키기 (-aa)

Choose the correct verb.

Maine usko ____.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dekha
Ko-marked object.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: The Ergative ने in Depth: Agreement Rules in Perfective Tenses

'khaanaa'의 사동사 형태가 올바르게 쓰인 문장을 고르세요.

다음 중 맞는 문장은 무엇일까요?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: मैं बच्चे को खाना खिलाता हूँ।
'Khilaanaa'는 모음이 짧아지고 'L'이 추가된 올바른 사동사 형태예요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 힌디어 제1 사동사: 누군가에게 시키기 (-aa)

Fill in the blank.

Humne ____ dekhi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: film
Film is feminine.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: The Ergative ने in Depth: Agreement Rules in Perfective Tenses

다음 문장의 틀린 부분을 찾아 고쳐보세요.

उसने मुझे अपनी फोटो देखाई।

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: उसने मुझे अपनी फोटो दिखाई।
'Deekhnaa'의 긴 'ee' 모음은 사동사가 될 때 짧은 'i'로 변해야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 힌디어 제1 사동사: 누군가에게 시키기 (-aa)

알맞은 형태를 골라 문장을 완성하세요.

핸드폰이 고장 났어요. 수리 맡겨야 해요. (theek karnā - 수리하다)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: theek karānā
직접 수리하는 게 아니라면 '수리하게 하다'라는 사동사 형태가 필요해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 힌디어 사동사: 남에게 시키기 (-ā & -vā)

Fill in the blank.

Maine roti ____.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: khayi
Roti is feminine.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: The Ergative ने in Depth: Agreement Rules in Perfective Tenses

Correct the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Usne kitaabein khayi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Usne kitaabein khayin
Plural feminine agreement.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: The Ergative ने in Depth: Agreement Rules in Perfective Tenses

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

It marks the subject of a transitive verb in the past.
It changes the subject pronoun (e.g., Main -> Maine).
karnā는 내가 직접 하는 것, karānā는 남이 하도록 돕거나 직접 옆에서 시키는 것, karvānā는 제3자(전문가 등)에게 완전히 맡기는 거예요.
Maine kaam karvānā hai.
일부 동사들은 불규칙하게 변해요. 'khā'가 'khi'로 바뀌고 'l'이 추가되는 식이죠. 마시다인 'pīnā'도 'pilānā'가 된답니다.
Bacche ko doodh pilānā.
제1 사동사(-aa)는 내가 직접 누군가에게 행동을 시키는 것이고, 제2 사동사(-vaa)는 다른 사람을 시켜서 그 일이 되게 하는 거예요. 예를 들어 dikhaanaa는 내가 직접 보여주는 걸 말해요.
힌디어에서 모음으로 끝나는 단어는 부드러운 발음을 위해 중간에 'l'을 넣어요. 긴 'aa' 발음이 짧은 'i'로 바뀌는 것도 규칙이랍니다: Khilaanaa.
이전 챕터
Adding Nuance with Compound Verbs
다음 챕터
Focusing on the Action: Passive Voice
로드맵으로 돌아가기