B1 · 中级 章节 9

The Power of Influence: Causative Verbs

4 总规则
35 例句
6 分钟
本章规则 快速练习

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of delegation and influence by transforming simple actions into causative powers.

  • Apply the 'ne' particle correctly with transitive causative verbs.
  • Construct First Causative verbs to show direct influence over others.
  • Utilize Second Causative verbs to describe delegating tasks to third parties.
Don't just do it—get it done!

你将学到什么

Hey friend! Ready to sound like someone who truly gets things done? This chapter moves you beyond just doing tasks yourself, to "getting them done with others' help or even delegating completely." Think about it: you want a haircut. You don't cut it yourself; you say,

The barber cuts my hair.
Need a new dress?
The tailor sews it for me.
This is precisely where Hindi causative verbs become essential! You'll learn to transform simple verbs (like 'to eat', 'to read') into forms showing you *caused* an action. We'll explore two types: The First Causative is for when you directly make someone do something (e.g., using suffixes like «-ā» or «-ānā»). You'll be able to say,
I made him eat.
The Second Causative is for when you arrange for someone else to perform an action, often involving a third party (with suffixes like «-vā» or -vanā). For example,
Have this food delivered to so-and-so.
By chapter's end, your Hindi will be more natural and precise. You'll make smoother requests, delegate tasks, and narrate situations where you influence outcomes without being the direct doer. Let's boost your linguistic power!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to conjugate any standard verb into its first and second causative forms.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to correctly use the 'ne' particle in past tense sentences involving causative actions.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to explain the difference between doing a task yourself versus having it done by someone else.

章节指南

Overview

Hey friend! Welcome to the
Power of Influence: Causative Verbs
chapter, a crucial step in mastering Hindi grammar B1. This section is all about transforming your ability to express actions from merely doing to getting things done or
making others do them.
As you advance in B1 Hindi, you'll find that native speakers frequently use these structures to describe situations where they influence outcomes without directly performing the action themselves.
Think about everyday scenarios: you don't cut your own hair; you get the barber to cut it. You don't always cook a meal; you might have someone else prepare it.
This chapter unlocks a new level of fluency, helping you sound more natural and precise. We'll delve into the fascinating world of Hindi causative verbs, which allow you to indicate that you *caused* an action to happen. This skill is vital for making requests, delegating tasks, and narrating events where your influence is key.
By the end, you'll be confidently using these powerful verbs, making your Hindi conversations much richer and more authentic. Get ready to boost your linguistic power and truly get things done in Hindi!

How This Grammar Works

Hindi causative verbs are formed by modifying a simple verb (like खाना - khānā, to eat) to show that someone is causing the action. There are generally two types, often distinguished by the degree of directness in the causation.
The First Causative: Making Someone Do
This form is used when you directly make someone perform an action. It's like saying
I make him eat.
The rule topics
Hindi First Causative: Making Someone Do (-aa)
and
Hindi First Causative Verbs: Making Things Happen (-ānā)
refer to this.
Often, the root of the simple verb changes by adding an -ā sound, and then the infinitive suffix -nā is added.
* Simple Verb: पढ़ना (paṛhnā - to read)
* First Causative: पढ़ाना (paṛhānā - to teach, to make someone read).
* Example: मैं बच्चे को पढ़ाता हूँ। (Main bacche ko paṛhātā hū̃. - I make the child read/I teach the child.)
* Simple Verb: उठना (uṭhnā - to get up)
* First Causative: उठाना (uṭhānā - to make someone get up).
* Example: माँ बच्चे को उठाती है। (Mā̃ bacche ko uṭhātī hai. - Mother makes the child get up.)
The Second Causative: Getting Things Done
This form is used when you arrange for someone else to perform an action, often implying a third party or a more indirect cause. It's like saying
I get someone to make him eat
or
I get it done.
The rule topics
Getting Things Done: Second Causative Verbs (-vana)
and "The 'Get It Done' Verbs (Second Causative)
describe this. The prompt also highlights
Hindi Causative Verbs: Making Things Happen (karānā, karvānā)", with करवाना being a prime example of the second causative.
Here, the root of the First Causative verb often changes by adding a -vā sound, then the infinitive suffix -nā is added.
* Simple Verb: पढ़ना (paṛhnā - to read)
* First Causative: पढ़ाना (paṛhānā - to teach)
* Second Causative: पढ़वाना (paṛhvānā - to get someone to teach).
* Example: मैंने बच्चे को शिक्षक से पढ़वाया। (Maine bacche ko shikshak se paṛhvāyā. - I got the child taught by the teacher.)
* Simple Verb: करना (karnā - to do)
* First Causative: कराना (karānā - to make someone do)
* Second Causative: करवाना (karvānā - to get something done by someone else).
* Example: मैं अपना घर नौकर से साफ़ करवाता हूँ। (Main apnā ghar naukar se sāf karvātā hū̃. - I get my house cleaned by the servant.)
By understanding the suffixes -ānā (for First Causative) and -vanā (for Second Causative), you'll be able to transform simple verbs and express a broader range of actions, a key skill for B1 Hindi learners.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: मैं खाना खाता हूँ। (Main khānā khātā hū̃. - I eat food.)
✓ Correct: मैं बच्चे को खाना खिलाता हूँ। (Main bacche ko khānā khilātā hū̃. - I make the child eat food.)
*Explanation:* The first sentence implies *you* are eating. If you want to say you are *feeding* someone (making them eat), you need the First Causative form खिलाना (khilānā), not the simple verb खाना (khānā).
  1. 1✗ Wrong: मैंने अपना पत्र लिखा। (Maine apnā patra likhā. - I wrote my letter.)
✓ Correct: मैंने अपना पत्र उससे लिखवाया। (Maine apnā patra usse likhvāyā. - I got my letter written by him/her.)
*Explanation:* The wrong sentence implies you wrote the letter yourself. If you arranged for someone else to write it for you, the Second Causative लिखवाना (likhvānā - to get something written) is necessary. This shows indirect causation.

Real Conversations

A

A

तुम्हारी कार कब ठीक होगी? (Tumhārī kār kab ṭhīk hogī? - When will your car be fixed?)
B

B

मैं उसे आज मैकेनिक से ठीक करवा रहा हूँ। (Main use āj mechanic se ṭhīk karvā rahā hū̃. - I am getting it fixed by the mechanic today.)
A

A

तुमने बच्चों को यह कहानी क्यों पढ़ाई? (Tumne bachchoṅ ko yah kahānī kyoṅ paṛhāī? - Why did you teach the children this story?)
B

B

यह उनके पाठ्यक्रम में है। (Yah unke pāṭhyakram meṅ hai. - It's in their syllabus.)
A

A

क्या तुम यह काम खुद करोगे? (Kyā tum yah kām khud karoge? - Will you do this work yourself?)
B

B

नहीं, मैं अपने सहायक से करवाऊँगा। (Nahīṅ, main apne sahāyak se karvāūṅgā. - No, I will get it done by my assistant.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the main difference between First and Second Causative verbs in Hindi grammar for a B1 Hindi learner?

The First Causative (e.g., पढ़ाना - paṛhānā) means you directly make someone do an action. The Second Causative (e.g., पढ़वाना - paṛhvānā) means you arrange for someone else to perform the action, often involving a third party, implying more indirect involvement.

Q

Can all Hindi verbs be made causative?

While many verbs can be made causative, not all can. Intransitive verbs (verbs without a direct object, like सोना - sonā, to sleep) are often made causative. Transitive verbs (verbs with a direct object, like खाना - khānā, to eat) can also form causatives, but the resulting causative verb will have an additional object or agent.

Q

Are causative verbs common in everyday B1 Hindi conversations?

Absolutely! Causative verbs are very common and essential for expressing a wide range of actions, particularly when delegating tasks, giving instructions, or describing situations where you influence others. Mastering them will significantly improve your fluency and naturalness in Hindi conversations.

Cultural Context

In Hindi-speaking cultures, using causative verbs often reflects a polite way of delegating or requesting tasks, especially in formal or hierarchical settings. It's common to hear phrases like
मैंने अपना काम नौकर से करवाया
(I got my work done by the servant) rather than always stating one

关键例句 (4)

1

मैं बाल कटवा रहा हूँ।

I am getting my hair cut.

印地语使役动词：让别人做事 (-ā & -vā)
2

क्या तुम मेरी फोटो खिंचवा दोगे?

Will you get my photo taken? (implied: Will you take/click my photo?)

印地语使役动词：让别人做事 (-ā & -vā)
3

मैं हर महीने बाल कटवाता हूँ।

我每个月都去理发。

让人做事：第二使役动词 (-vana)
4

मैंने मैकेनिक से कार ठीक करवायी।

我找修理工修了车。

让人做事：第二使役动词 (-vana)

技巧与窍门 (3)

💡

Shorten the Vowel

When adding -ā or -vā, long vowels in the root usually shrink. 'Jīt' (win) becomes 'jitānā' (make win/defeat).
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 印地语使役动词：让别人做事 (-ā & -vā)
⚠️

关于 "Ne" 助词的小提示

第一使动词总是及物动词。过去时态里，别忘了在主语后面加 ne 哦！比如：Maine use dikhaaya (我让他看了)。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 印地语第一使役动词：让某人做某事 (-aa)
🎯

“V”是关键

听见那个‘V’的声音了吗？那是老板发号施令的标志：Kar-va-na。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 让人做事：第二使役动词 (-vana)

核心词汇 (7)

करना (karna) to do कराना (karana) to cause to do / to make happen करवाना (karvana) to have (something) done by someone बनाना (banana) to make / to build बनवाना (banvana) to have (something) built सिखाना (sikhaana) to teach (causative of 'to learn') दर्जी (darzi) tailor

Real-World Preview

scissors

At the Tailor Shop

book-open

Teaching a Friend

Review Summary

  • [Subject] + ने + [Object] + [Verb agreeing with Object]
  • Root + आ (aa) / आना (aana)
  • Root + वा (vaa) / वाना (vaana)

常见错误

Because 'khilana' is a causative (transitive) verb, the subject must take 'ne' in the past tense.

Wrong: मैं दोस्त को खाना खिलाया (main dost ko khana khilaya)
正确: मैंने दोस्त को खाना खिलाया (maine dost ko khana khilaya)

Use the -vaa form when you are the instigator but someone else (like a cleaner) is the actual doer.

Wrong: मैंने घर साफ़ कराया (maine ghar saaf karaya) [when meaning a professional did it]
正确: मैंने घर साफ़ करवाया (maine ghar saaf karvaya)

Pronouns change form when 'ne' is added (voh + ne = usne).

Wrong: वह मुझको सिखाया (vah mujhko sikhaya)
正确: उसने मुझे सिखाया (usne mujhe sikhaya)

Next Steps

You've just unlocked a major level of Hindi fluency. Being able to delegate and influence is a key B1 skill. Keep practicing those suffixes!

Look at objects around your room and say who you 'had them made' by (tailor, carpenter, etc.)

Continue to: Focusing on the Action: Passive Voice

快速练习 (10)

Choose the correct form.

Usne mujhe ____ (hansāyā/hansa).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: hansāyā
Direct causative.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 印地语使役动词：让别人做事 (-ā & -vā)

用正确的使役形式填空。

Maine dhobi se kapde ___ (get washed).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dhulvaya
既然你找了洗衣工（dhobi），那就是请人代劳。'Dhona' 是自己洗，'dhulvana' 才是请人洗。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 让人做事：第二使役动词 (-vana)

Fill in the blank.

Maine roti ____.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: khayi
Roti is feminine.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: The Ergative ने in Depth: Agreement Rules in Perfective Tenses

Choose the correct verb.

Maine usko ____.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dekha
Ko-marked object.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: The Ergative ने in Depth: Agreement Rules in Perfective Tenses

用 "parhnaa" 的正确第一使动词形式填空。

क्या तुम मुझे हिंदी ___ सकते हो? (你能教我印地语吗？)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: पढ़ा
Parhaanaa 是 parhnaa 的第一使动词，用于教学。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 印地语第一使役动词：让某人做某事 (-aa)

Correct the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

Maine ghar banāyā (I got it built).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Maine ghar banvāyā
Indirect causative.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 印地语使役动词：让别人做事 (-ā & -vā)

哪个句子正确使用了 "khaanaa" 的使动形式？

选择正确的句子：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: मैं बच्चे को खाना खिलाता हूँ。
Khilaanaa 是正确的使动形式，带有元音缩短和 L 连接。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 印地语第一使役动词：让某人做某事 (-aa)

Fill in the blank.

Usne mujhe ____ (rulvāyā/rulāyā).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: rulāyā
Direct causative.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 印地语使役动词：让别人做事 (-ā & -vā)

Choose the correct form.

Maine gāḍī ____ (thīk karvāī/thīk karī).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: thīk karvāī
Service.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 印地语使役动词：让别人做事 (-ā & -vā)

Fill in the blank.

Maine kapṛe ____ (silvāe/sile).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: silvāe
You got them stitched.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 印地语使役动词：让别人做事 (-ā & -vā)

Score: /10

常见问题 (6)

It marks the subject of a transitive verb in the past.
It changes the subject pronoun (e.g., Main -> Maine).
-ā is direct, -vā is indirect.
Most transitive verbs can.
是的！第一使动词 (-aa) 表示你亲自参与或直接对某人做某事。第二使动词 (-vaa) 则表示通过第三方来完成。
印地语用 l 作为以元音结尾的词干的连接。同时，长元音 aa 也会缩短成 i，让发音更流畅。
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