B1 Pronouns 18 min read 简单

毕业与获得学位 (Formar-se)

Always form yourself (reflexive) IN a subject (preposition 'em') to say you graduated.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

To say 'I graduated,' use the reflexive verb 'formar-se' by attaching the pronoun 'me' to the conjugated verb form.

  • Use 'me formei' for 'I graduated' (Eu me formei).
  • In European Portuguese, the pronoun often follows: 'Formei-me'.
  • Always match the reflexive pronoun (me, te, se, nos, se) to the subject.
Subject + (Reflexive Pronoun) + Verb (Formar) + (Reflexive Pronoun)

Overview

概述
终于写完那篇50页的论文了吗?正在更新LinkedIn吗?在中文里我们只说“毕业”。但在葡萄牙语里,逻辑稍微不同:你不只是结束了学业,你是把自己“塑造(formar)”成了一名专业人士。这个动词是 formar-se。它是反身的。如果你漏掉了反身代词(me, te, se),听起来你就像是在捏泥巴,而不是在拿学位。
语法原理
因为 formar-se 是一个反身动词,它总是需要一个搭档:反身代词。你不能只说“Eu formei”。你必须说“Eu me formei”。
构成模式
  1. 1选择主语 (Eu, Você, Ele...)
  2. 2选择代词 (me 对应 Eu, se 对应 Você...)
  3. 3变位 formar (通常是过去式)
  4. 4加上 em (在专业前)
何时使用
用于任何主要的学术里程碑。高中?是的。大学?当然。
常见错误
  • 漏掉代词: 说“Eu formei”是典型的错误。必须是“Eu me formei”。
  • 介词错误: 不要说“formar de”。通常是“formar em” [专业]。
近似模式对比
  • Graduar-se vs Formar-se Graduar-se 意思一样,但听起来更正式。Formar-se 是你在日常生活中听到最多的。
快速问答
问:我可以用于短期课程吗?
答:不太行。它通常保留给正规教育(高中、大学)。

Conjugation of Formar-se (Pretérito Perfeito)

Subject Brazilian (Proclisis) European (Enclisis)
Eu
me formei
formei-me
Tu
te formaste
formaste-te
Ele/Ela/Você
se formou
formou-se
Nós
nos formamos
formamo-nos
Eles/Elas/Vocês
se formaram
formaram-se

Meanings

The verb 'formar-se' is used to describe the act of completing a university degree or academic program.

1

Academic Graduation

Completing a course of study at a university or college.

“Ela se formou em Direito.”

“Nós nos formamos juntos.”

2

General Formation

To shape or form oneself (less common, literary).

“O caráter se forma com o tempo.”

“A equipe se formou rapidamente.”

Reference Table

Reference table for 毕业与获得学位 (Formar-se)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Subj + Refl + Verb
Eu me formei
Negative
Não + Refl + Verb
Eu não me formei
Question
Subj + Refl + Verb?
Você se formou?
European
Verb + -Refl
Formei-me
Future
Subj + vai + se + formar
Eu vou me formar
Subjunctive
Que + Subj + se + forme
Espero que ele se forme

正式程度

正式
Formei-me em Engenharia.

Formei-me em Engenharia. (Professional/Social)

中性
Eu me formei em Engenharia.

Eu me formei em Engenharia. (Professional/Social)

非正式
Me formei em Engenharia.

Me formei em Engenharia. (Professional/Social)

俚语
Peguei o diploma de Engenharia.

Peguei o diploma de Engenharia. (Professional/Social)

The Formar-se Concept

Formar-se

Meaning

  • Graduar Graduate

Pronouns

  • Me, Te, Se, Nos Reflexive pronouns

按水平分级的例句

1

Eu me formei em 2020.

I graduated in 2020.

2

Você se formou?

Did you graduate?

3

Ele se formou ontem.

He graduated yesterday.

4

Nós nos formamos.

We graduated.

1

Eu não me formei ainda.

I haven't graduated yet.

2

Quando você vai se formar?

When are you going to graduate?

3

Ela se formou em Medicina.

She graduated in Medicine.

4

Eles se formaram na USP.

They graduated at USP.

1

Embora eu tenha me formado, ainda estudo.

Although I have graduated, I still study.

2

Formei-me em Lisboa no ano passado.

I graduated in Lisbon last year.

3

Você se formou com honras?

Did you graduate with honors?

4

Eles se formaram em áreas diferentes.

They graduated in different fields.

1

Se eu me formasse hoje, procuraria um emprego.

If I graduated today, I would look for a job.

2

Já faz cinco anos que me formei.

It's been five years since I graduated.

3

Ela se formou, mas não exerce a profissão.

She graduated, but doesn't practice the profession.

4

Espero que você se forme logo.

I hope you graduate soon.

1

Tendo me formado em uma universidade de prestígio, tenho muitas opções.

Having graduated from a prestigious university, I have many options.

2

Ao me formar, percebi que o aprendizado apenas começava.

Upon graduating, I realized learning was just beginning.

3

Muitos alunos se formam sem saber o que fazer.

Many students graduate without knowing what to do.

4

Se você se formasse antes, teria mais chances.

If you had graduated earlier, you would have more chances.

1

Formar-se é um rito de passagem fundamental na sociedade moderna.

Graduating is a fundamental rite of passage in modern society.

2

Ele se formou, não obstante as dificuldades financeiras.

He graduated, notwithstanding the financial difficulties.

3

A ideia de se formar em algo que não se ama é triste.

The idea of graduating in something one doesn't love is sad.

4

Ter-se-ia formado se tivesse estudado mais.

He would have graduated if he had studied more.

容易混淆

Graduating (Formar-se) 对比 Formar-se vs. Graduar-se

Learners think 'graduar-se' is the direct translation.

Graduating (Formar-se) 对比 Formar-se vs. Terminar

Both mean to finish.

Graduating (Formar-se) 对比 Proclisis vs. Enclisis

Where to put the pronoun.

常见错误

Eu formei

Eu me formei

Missing the reflexive pronoun.

Eu se formei

Eu me formei

Wrong pronoun for 'Eu'.

Eu formei-me

Eu me formei

Mixing Brazilian and European structures.

Eu graduei

Eu me formei

Using a cognate that is less natural.

Você me formou

Você se formou

Wrong pronoun for 'Você'.

Não formei-me

Não me formei

Pronoun placement in negative.

Ele se formaram

Ele se formou

Subject-verb agreement.

Eu me formei em o Direito

Eu me formei em Direito

Unnecessary article.

Eu me formei pela a faculdade

Eu me formei pela faculdade

Article contraction error.

Eu me formarei em 2020

Eu me formei em 2020

Wrong tense for past event.

Tendo formado-me

Tendo me formado

Pronoun placement in gerund.

Ao formar-me

Ao me formar

Pronoun placement.

Se eu formasse-me

Se eu me formasse

Pronoun placement in conditional.

句型

Eu me formei em ___.

Quando você vai se formar em ___?

Ele se formou pela ___.

Se eu me formasse em ___, eu trabalharia com ___.

Real World Usage

Job Interview constant

Eu me formei em 2018.

LinkedIn Bio very common

Formado em Marketing.

Social Media Post common

Finalmente me formei!

Networking Event common

Em que você se formou?

University Application occasional

Pretendo me formar em breve.

Casual Chat common

Já se formou?

💡

Pronoun Placement

In Brazil, put the pronoun before the verb. In Portugal, put it after.
⚠️

Don't skip the pronoun

Without 'me', you sound like you are the teacher.
🎯

Use 'Formar-se'

It sounds much more natural than 'graduar-se'.
💬

Graduation is a big deal

Be ready to talk about your party!

Smart Tips

Always use 'formar-se' instead of 'graduar-se'.

Eu graduei em Direito. Eu me formei em Direito.

Place the pronoun before the verb.

Formei-me em 2020. Eu me formei em 2020.

Place the pronoun after the verb.

Eu me formei em 2020. Formei-me em 2020.

Put 'não' before the pronoun.

Me não formei. Eu não me formei.

发音

meh for-MAY

Reflexive Pronoun

The 'me' is pronounced like 'meh'.

for-MAY

Verb stress

The stress is on the last syllable in the past tense.

Statement

Eu me for-MEI. ↘

Falling intonation for facts.

Question

Você se for-MOU? ↗

Rising intonation for questions.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of a 'Form' (a paper) that you sign when you graduate. You 'form' yourself into a graduate.

视觉联想

Imagine yourself wearing a graduation cap and gown, looking in a mirror. You are 'forming' yourself into a professional.

Rhyme

Para se formar, você tem que estudar e o diploma ganhar.

Story

Maria studied for four years. She worked hard every day. Finally, she said: 'Eu me formei!' and threw her cap in the air.

Word Web

DiplomaFaculdadeUniversidadeEstudoProfissãoFormatura

挑战

Write a 3-sentence bio for your LinkedIn profile using 'formar-se'.

文化笔记

Graduation is a huge social event with parties and ceremonies.

Graduation is often called 'licenciatura' completion.

The term 'formar-se' is universally understood in all Lusophone countries.

From Latin 'formare', meaning to shape or mold.

对话开场白

Em que você se formou?

Quando você pretende se formar?

Você se formou com honras?

Como foi a sua formatura?

日记主题

Describe your educational path.
What do you want to study and why?
Reflect on your graduation day.
Discuss the importance of higher education.

常见错误

Incorrect

正确


Incorrect

正确


Incorrect

正确


Incorrect

正确

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

Eu ___ formei em Direito.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: me
Eu requires 'me'.
Choose the correct form. 多项选择

Você ___ formou?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: se
Você requires 'se'.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Eu formei em Medicina.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu me formei
Needs reflexive pronoun.
Reorder the words. Sentence Building

em / formei / eu / Direito / me

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu me formei em Direito
Standard word order.
Conjugate for 'Nós'. Conjugation Drill

Nós ___ formamos.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: nos
Nós requires 'nos'.
Match subject to pronoun. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: se
Reflexive matching.
Which is more natural in Brazil? 多项选择

Eu me formei vs Formei-me

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu me formei
Proclisis is standard in Brazil.
Fill in the blank.

Eles ___ formaram ontem.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: se
Eles requires 'se'.

Score: /8

练习题

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

Eu ___ formei em Direito.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: me
Eu requires 'me'.
Choose the correct form. 多项选择

Você ___ formou?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: se
Você requires 'se'.
Correct the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Eu formei em Medicina.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu me formei
Needs reflexive pronoun.
Reorder the words. Sentence Building

em / formei / eu / Direito / me

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu me formei em Direito
Standard word order.
Conjugate for 'Nós'. Conjugation Drill

Nós ___ formamos.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: nos
Nós requires 'nos'.
Match subject to pronoun. Match Pairs

Eu -> me, Você -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: se
Reflexive matching.
Which is more natural in Brazil? 多项选择

Eu me formei vs Formei-me

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu me formei
Proclisis is standard in Brazil.
Fill in the blank.

Eles ___ formaram ontem.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: se
Eles requires 'se'.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

11 exercises
Choose the correct preposition. 填空

Ele se formou ___ Jornalismo.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: em
Put the words in the correct order. Sentence Reorder

formei / Eu / me / ontem.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu me formei ontem.
Identify the future tense usage. 多项选择

How do you say 'I will graduate'?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Vou me formar.
Find the error. Error Correction

Eles formaram na universidade.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eles se formaram na universidade.
Match the person to the correct phrase. Match Pairs

Match the subject with the verb form.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu : me formei
Translate this sentence to Portuguese. 翻译

We graduated in 2020.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Nós nos formamos em 2020.
Complete for 'Você'. 填空

Você já ___ formou?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: se
Select the correct context. 多项选择

Which sentence implies completing a university degree?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu me formei em Letras.
Fix the preposition. Error Correction

Ela se formou de Arquitetura.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ela se formou em Arquitetura.
Arrange the question. Sentence Reorder

ano / se / que / Você / forma?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Que ano você se forma?
Fill in the blank with the verb. 填空

Meus pais ___ em 1990.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: se formaram

Score: /11

常见问题 (8)

You can, but 'Eu me formei' is much more natural.

In Brazil, before the verb. In Portugal, after.

Yes, usually for higher education.

Use 'Eu ainda vou me formar'.

Yes, it is.

No, just 'em' + major.

Use 'Em que você se formou?'.

The meaning is the same, but the pronoun placement differs.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish high

Graduarse

Portuguese prefers 'formar-se' while Spanish prefers 'graduarse'.

French moderate

Obtenir un diplôme

Portuguese is reflexive; French is not.

German partial

Sich ausbilden

German focuses on training; Portuguese on the degree.

Japanese low

卒業する

Japanese is not reflexive.

Arabic low

تخرج

Arabic is not reflexive.

Chinese low

毕业

Chinese has no conjugation.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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